不可数名词和名词单复数-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解(外研版)

2025-12-12
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语外研版七年级上册
年级 七年级
章节 -
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 名词
使用场景 同步教学-期末
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 PDF
文件大小 113 KB
发布时间 2025-12-12
更新时间 2025-12-12
作者 北京菁榕教育咨询有限公司
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审核时间 2025-12-12
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ENGLISH-初一系列资料(外研版) Chapter1不可数名词和名词单复数 考频分析 不可数名词和名词单复数是中考英语词法的基础模块,考频占词法总量的15%左右,涉及试卷多个重要 题型:单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(23题)、书面表达(基础考察,影响句子语法 正确性)。在语境应用类题目中,名词的数的变化及不可数名词的量化表达往往是解题关键。 考查内容 中考对不可数名词和名词单复数的考察聚焦三大维度,覆盖基础用法与语境应用: ·不可数名词特性:不可数名词的概念、常见类别(如液体、抽象名词等)及量化表达(如a cup of,a piece of等): ·名词单复数规则:规则变化(加s/es及发音规则)、不规则变化(如man-men,child-children等)及单 复数同形名词(如sheep,fish等); ·单复数一致应用:主谓一致中名词单复数与谓语动词形式的匹配,语境中名词单复数的正确选用。 精讲精练 知识点一:不可数名词和名词单复数规则及用法 ·不可数名词(无法直接计数,无复数形式) -常见类型:物质名词(water/air/bread)、抽象名词(love/knowledge/time) 、学科名词 (math/history/physics) -用法特点:口前可用much/some/any/a little等修饰→例句:There is some milk in the glass.口作主 语时谓语用单数→例句:Water is important for life. ·可数名词单数(可计数,数量为1时使用) -基本构成:单数名词前可加aan(元音音素开头用an)→例句:口This is a book.口She has an apple -注意事项:特指时用定冠词the→例句:The girl in red is my sister.. ·可数名词复数(数量大于1时使用) 一规则变化: *一般加-s→desk→desks,.cat→cats→例句:There are three desks in the classroom, *以s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es→bus→ouses,.box→boxes→例句:She bought two boxes of chocolates.. *以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-es→city→cities,.baby-babies→例句:These cities are very beautiful. *以ffe结尾变ffe为V加-es→leaf-leaves,knife-→knives→例句:The tree has many green leaves. 一不规则变化: *特殊形式→man→men,wom an→women,child-→children→例句:Three men are working outside. *单复数同形→sheep-sheep,fsh→fish→例句:I saw five sheep on the farm. 【即学即练】 1.【不可数名词判断】”ilk”属于什么类型的名词? A.可数名词单数 B.可数名词复数 C.不可数名词 D.集体名词 2.【可数名词复数】请写出"knife'”的复数形式: 3.【不可数名词量化】"bread”是不可数名词,如何表示”两片面包”? A.two bread B.two pieces of bread C.two breads D.two piece of bread 4.【单复数同形】下列哪个单词单复数形式相同? A.book B.sheep C.child D.city 5.【主谓一致】不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用 数;复数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词 用 数。 初一|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料(外研版) 知识点二:不可数名词和名词单复数 ·可数名词(可计数,有单复数形式) 一单数形式(表示单个个体) *结构:直接使用名词原形,前面可加alan(元音音素开头用an,辅音音素开头用a) *例句: ·I have a book.(辅音音素开头,用a) She eats an apple every morning.(元音音素开头,用an) -复数形式(表示两个及以上个体) *规则变化: ·一般在词尾加-s:book→books,student→students ·以s,X,ch,sh结尾的词加-es:bus→buses,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes ·以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i再加-es:city→cities,baby→babies ·以ffe结尾的词,变ffe为v再加-es:leaf→leaves,knife→knives *不规则变化: ·单复数同形:sheep→sheep,deer→deer 特殊变化:man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth *例句: There are three books on the desk.(规则变化+s) ·These are my teeth.(不规则变化tooth→teeth) ·不可数名词(不可直接计数,无复数形式) -特征:表示物质、抽象概念、液体、气体等,前面不可加a/an,也不能直接用数词修饰 一常见类型: *物质名词:water(水)、rice(米饭)、milk(牛奶)、paper(纸) *抽象名词:love(爱)、happiness(幸福)、knowledge(知识)、time(时间,表抽象概慨念时) 一数量表达:需借助“数词+量词+of”结构,量词有单复数变化 *常用量词:a cup of(一杯)、a bottle of(一瓶)、入a piece of(一片张)、a bowl of(一碗)、some (一些)、much(许多,用于否定疑问句)、a lot of(许多,可接可数或不可数) *例句: ·I want a cup of tea.(a cup of+不可数名词tea) ·There is some milk in the fridge.(some修饰不可数名词milk) ·She bought three bottles of juice.(three bottles of+不可数名词juice,bottle用复数) ·单复数同形的名词(可数名词,单复数形式相同) -常见例词:sheep(绵羊)、deer(鹿)、fish(鱼,表条数时;表种类时复数为fishes)、Chinese(中 国人)、Japanese(日本人) 一用法:根据语境判断单复数,作主语时谓语动词形式由句意决定 一例句: *The sheep is white.(单数,谓语用is) *The sheep are eating grass..(复数,谓语用are) *I caught two fish yesterday..(两条鱼,fish单复数同形) *There are many different fishes in the lake.(许多种鱼,用fishes) ·集体名词(表示一群人或事物的总称,单复数含义不同) 一视为整体时,表单数,谓语动词用单数;视为个体成员时,表复数,谓语动词用复数 -常见集体名词:family(家庭/家人)、class(班级同学)、team(团队队员)、group(组/组员) 一例句: *My family is a big one.(视为整体“家庭”,用单数is) *My family are watching TV now.(视为个体“家人”,用复数are) *The class is on the second floor..(视为整体“班级”,用单数is) *The class are having a picnic..(视为个体“同学”,用复数are) ·名词所有格(表示所属关系) -可数名词单数:在词尾加’s -例句:Tom's book(汤姆的书),the girl's bag(女孩的书包) 一可数名词复数:规则复数以s结尾的,在词尾加';不规则复数不以s结尾的,加'S -例句:the students'classroom(学生们的教室,规则复数students加'),children's toys(孩子们 的玩具,不规则复数children加's) -不可数名词:在词尾加’s -例句:the teacher's advice(老师的建议),water's color(水的颜色) 一共有所有格:两个名词共有某物时,只在最后一个名词后加’$;分别拥有时,两个名词后都加's -例句:Tom and Jim's mother(汤姆和吉姆的妈妈,共有的妈妈),Tom’s and Jim's rooms(汤姆 的房间和吉姆的房间,分别拥有) 知识点三:不可数名词和名词单复数 ·不可数名词 一基础特征(中老必背): *无复数形式,不能直接加a/an一→例:water(水)→错误:a water;正确:a glass of water *谓语动词用单数→例:The milk is in the fridge.(牛奶在冰箱里。) *表数量需借助量词→例:a cup of tea(一杯茶)、two pieces of paper(两张纸)、three bottles of juice(三瓶果汁) *常见类别及例词: ·液体:milk(牛奶)、coffee(咖啡)、soup(汤) ·抽象概念:love(爱)、happiness(幸福)、knowledge(知识) 物质名词:rice(米饭)、sand(沙子)、wood(木头) ·自然现象:rain(雨)、snow(雪)、wind(风) 一易错辨析(中考高频): *“many”Vs“much”:many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词 *→例:many books(许多书);much money(许多钱) *“afew”vs“a little”:afew修饰可数名词复数(表肯定),a little修饰不可数名词(表肯定) *→例:a few apples(几个苹果);a little milk(一点牛奶) *集体名词的不可数用法:有些集体名词表整体时不可数 *→例:people(人们,表整体时单复数同形,但强调个体时可视为复数;“民族”义时可数)、police (警察,永远复数) ·可数名词单复数 -规则变化(中考基础): *一般加-s→例:book-books,cat→cats,student-→students *以s,X,sh,ch结尾加-es→例:bus-buses,box-→boxes,brush-brushes,.watch-watches *以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加-es→例:city→cities,baby-babies,family-一→families *以ffe结尾,变f/fe为V加-es→例:leaf-leaves,.knifeknives,wolf-wolves(特例:roof roofs,. belief>beliefs *以o结尾:有生命加-es,无生命加-s→例:potato-→ootatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero→neroes; photo→ohotos,radio→radios -不规则变化(中考必背): *单复数同形→例:sheep-→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fish(强调种类时fishes) *特殊变化→例:man-men,woman-women,child-→children,foot→feet,tooth-teeth, mouse→mice *合成词复数:将主体名词变为复数→例:boy student-boy students,.daughter-in-law→daughters- in-law(无主体名词时在词尾加-s:grown-up→grown-ups) ·主谓一致(中考核心) 一单数名词作主语,谓语用单数;复数名词作主语,谓语用复数 -→例:The apple is red.(苹果是红色的。);Apples are red.(苹果是红色的。) -“the+形容词”表一类人时,谓语用复数 -→例:The old are respected in our society.(老年人在我们社会受到尊重。) -就近原则:there be句型中,be动词与最近的名词单复数一致 -→例:There is a book and two pens on the desk.(桌上有-本书和两支笔。);There are two pens and a book on the desk.(桌上有两支笔和一本书。) 初一|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料(外研版) 考法一:不可数名词的数量表达 ·核心:根据不可数名词的特征,选择正确的数量表达结构(数词+量词+o)及量词的单复数形式 ·真题1(语法填空): There are three_(bottle)of milk on the table. 一答案:bottles解析:mi是不可数名词,需用“数词+量词+of”结构表达数量;数词three后接可 数名词复数,bottle的复数形式为bottles。 ·真题2(单项选择): -I need-paper to write a letter. A.a B.an C.two D.some -答案:D解析:paper是不可数名词,不能直接用aan或数词two修饰;some可修饰不可数名词, 表示“一些”,符合句意。 考法二:名词单复数与不可数名词的综合运用 ·核心:结合语境判断名词可数性及单复数形式,正确使用修饰词或量词 ·真题1(语法填空): There are two _(knife)on the table.Please pass me one. -答案:knives解析:由数词two”可知需用复数;“knife”以fe结尾,变fe为v加-es,故填knives。. ·真题2(单项选择): -I need_paper to write a letter.Do you have any? A.a B.an C.some D.many 一答案:C解析:paper为不可数名词,不能用alan修饰;many修饰可数名词复数,some可修饰不 可数名词,故填C。 考法三:不可数名词与名词单复数的综合应用 ·核心:结合语境判断名词的可数性、单复数形式及主谓一致,掌握不可数名词的量词修饰规则 ·真题1(单项选择): Look!There__some milk and two apples on the table. A.is B.are C.have D.has -答案:A解析:由"there be”就近原则可知,be动词需与最近的主语”some milk”(不可数名词)保持 一致,故用单数is;不可数名词milk前用some修饰,复数名词apples前用数词two直接修饰。 ·真题2(语法填空): My family_(be)having dinner when the phone rang.We all stopped to answer it. -答案:were解析:集体名词family在此强调个体成员”家人”(复数含义),谓语需用复数形式;由时 间状语”when the phone rang”可知用过去进行时,故填were。 初一|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料(外研版) 真题演练 演练一:单项选择(共10题) 1.I want to buy-bread for breakfast. A.a B.an C.two D.some 2.There _three sheep eating grass on the hill. A.is B.are C.have D.has 3.My mother bought two_of juice from the shop A.bottle B.bottles C.cup D.glass 4.This is__useful book.I read it every day. A.a B.an C.the D./ 5.There are many_in the park on weekends. A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens 6.You should drink more_every day to stay healthy. A.water B.waters C.apple D.orange 7.The_are playing football on the playground. A.man teacher B.men teacher C.man teachers D.men teachers 8.I need_information about the history of China. A.a B.an C.some D.many 9.My family_watching TV together now. A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.There is __milk and two eggs in the fridge. A.a B.an C.some D.many 演练二:填空试题(共10题) 1.There are five _(sheep)on the farm. 2.How many_(box)do you need for these books? 3.She has two_(baby)and they are very cute. 4.I want to buy three_(knife)for the kitchen. 5.There is some_(water)in the bottle. 6.My father bought two _(radio)yesterday. 7.The_(child)are playing games in the garden. 8.We need some(paper)to draw pictures. 9.There are many_(woman)doctors in this hospital. 10.He ate two_(fish)for lunch 演练三:语法填空(共10空) It is Sunday morning.My family and I are at home.My mother is making breakfast.She needs two -(egg)and some_(milk)for the cake.My father is reading a_(newspaper)on the sofa.There are three_(book)next to him.My sister is playing with her_(toy).She has many-(doll)and_(ball).I am doing my homework.I need some_(pen)and_(paper).Later,we will go to the park.There are many -(tree)and_(flower)there.We can see some_(bird)singing in the trees.I love Sundays! 答案 演练一:单项选择 1.D2.B3.B4.A5.C6.A7.D8.C9.B10.C 演练二:填空试题 1.sheep 2.boxes 3.babies 4.knives 5.water 6.radios 7.children 8.paper 9.women 10.fish 演练三:语法填空 1.eggs 2.milk 3.newspaper 4.books 5.toys 6.dolls 7.balls 8.pens 9.paper 10.trees 初一1英语|外研版

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不可数名词和名词单复数-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解(外研版)
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不可数名词和名词单复数-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解(外研版)
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不可数名词和名词单复数-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解(外研版)
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不可数名词和名词单复数-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解(外研版)
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