内容正文:
ENGLISH-初一系列资料(外研版)
Chapter1不可数名词和名词单复数
考频分析
不可数名词和名词单复数是中考英语词法的基础模块,考频占词法总量的15%左右,涉及试卷多个重要
题型:单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(23题)、书面表达(基础考察,影响句子语法
正确性)。在语境应用类题目中,名词的数的变化及不可数名词的量化表达往往是解题关键。
考查内容
中考对不可数名词和名词单复数的考察聚焦三大维度,覆盖基础用法与语境应用:
·不可数名词特性:不可数名词的概念、常见类别(如液体、抽象名词等)及量化表达(如a cup of,a piece
of等):
·名词单复数规则:规则变化(加s/es及发音规则)、不规则变化(如man-men,child-children等)及单
复数同形名词(如sheep,fish等);
·单复数一致应用:主谓一致中名词单复数与谓语动词形式的匹配,语境中名词单复数的正确选用。
精讲精练
知识点一:不可数名词和名词单复数规则及用法
·不可数名词(无法直接计数,无复数形式)
-常见类型:物质名词(water/air/bread)、抽象名词(love/knowledge/time)
、学科名词
(math/history/physics)
-用法特点:口前可用much/some/any/a little等修饰→例句:There is some milk in the glass.口作主
语时谓语用单数→例句:Water is important for life.
·可数名词单数(可计数,数量为1时使用)
-基本构成:单数名词前可加aan(元音音素开头用an)→例句:口This is a book.口She has an
apple
-注意事项:特指时用定冠词the→例句:The girl in red is my sister..
·可数名词复数(数量大于1时使用)
一规则变化:
*一般加-s→desk→desks,.cat→cats→例句:There are three desks in the classroom,
*以s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es→bus→ouses,.box→boxes→例句:She bought two boxes of chocolates..
*以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-es→city→cities,.baby-babies→例句:These cities are very
beautiful.
*以ffe结尾变ffe为V加-es→leaf-leaves,knife-→knives→例句:The tree has many green
leaves.
一不规则变化:
*特殊形式→man→men,wom an→women,child-→children→例句:Three men are working outside.
*单复数同形→sheep-sheep,fsh→fish→例句:I saw five sheep on the farm.
【即学即练】
1.【不可数名词判断】”ilk”属于什么类型的名词?
A.可数名词单数
B.可数名词复数
C.不可数名词
D.集体名词
2.【可数名词复数】请写出"knife'”的复数形式:
3.【不可数名词量化】"bread”是不可数名词,如何表示”两片面包”?
A.two bread
B.two pieces of bread
C.two breads
D.two piece of bread
4.【单复数同形】下列哪个单词单复数形式相同?
A.book
B.sheep
C.child
D.city
5.【主谓一致】不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用
数;复数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词
用
数。
初一|英语|外研版
ENGLISH-初一系列资料(外研版)
知识点二:不可数名词和名词单复数
·可数名词(可计数,有单复数形式)
一单数形式(表示单个个体)
*结构:直接使用名词原形,前面可加alan(元音音素开头用an,辅音音素开头用a)
*例句:
·I have a book.(辅音音素开头,用a)
She eats an apple every morning.(元音音素开头,用an)
-复数形式(表示两个及以上个体)
*规则变化:
·一般在词尾加-s:book→books,student→students
·以s,X,ch,sh结尾的词加-es:bus→buses,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes
·以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i再加-es:city→cities,baby→babies
·以ffe结尾的词,变ffe为v再加-es:leaf→leaves,knife→knives
*不规则变化:
·单复数同形:sheep→sheep,deer→deer
特殊变化:man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth
*例句:
There are three books on the desk.(规则变化+s)
·These are my teeth.(不规则变化tooth→teeth)
·不可数名词(不可直接计数,无复数形式)
-特征:表示物质、抽象概念、液体、气体等,前面不可加a/an,也不能直接用数词修饰
一常见类型:
*物质名词:water(水)、rice(米饭)、milk(牛奶)、paper(纸)
*抽象名词:love(爱)、happiness(幸福)、knowledge(知识)、time(时间,表抽象概慨念时)
一数量表达:需借助“数词+量词+of”结构,量词有单复数变化
*常用量词:a cup of(一杯)、a bottle of(一瓶)、入a piece of(一片张)、a bowl of(一碗)、some
(一些)、much(许多,用于否定疑问句)、a lot of(许多,可接可数或不可数)
*例句:
·I want a cup of tea.(a cup of+不可数名词tea)
·There is some milk in the fridge.(some修饰不可数名词milk)
·She bought three bottles of juice.(three bottles of+不可数名词juice,bottle用复数)
·单复数同形的名词(可数名词,单复数形式相同)
-常见例词:sheep(绵羊)、deer(鹿)、fish(鱼,表条数时;表种类时复数为fishes)、Chinese(中
国人)、Japanese(日本人)
一用法:根据语境判断单复数,作主语时谓语动词形式由句意决定
一例句:
*The sheep is white.(单数,谓语用is)
*The sheep are eating grass..(复数,谓语用are)
*I caught two fish yesterday..(两条鱼,fish单复数同形)
*There are many different fishes in the lake.(许多种鱼,用fishes)
·集体名词(表示一群人或事物的总称,单复数含义不同)
一视为整体时,表单数,谓语动词用单数;视为个体成员时,表复数,谓语动词用复数
-常见集体名词:family(家庭/家人)、class(班级同学)、team(团队队员)、group(组/组员)
一例句:
*My family is a big one.(视为整体“家庭”,用单数is)
*My family are watching TV now.(视为个体“家人”,用复数are)
*The class is on the second floor..(视为整体“班级”,用单数is)
*The class are having a picnic..(视为个体“同学”,用复数are)
·名词所有格(表示所属关系)
-可数名词单数:在词尾加’s
-例句:Tom's book(汤姆的书),the girl's bag(女孩的书包)
一可数名词复数:规则复数以s结尾的,在词尾加';不规则复数不以s结尾的,加'S
-例句:the students'classroom(学生们的教室,规则复数students加'),children's toys(孩子们
的玩具,不规则复数children加's)
-不可数名词:在词尾加’s
-例句:the teacher's advice(老师的建议),water's color(水的颜色)
一共有所有格:两个名词共有某物时,只在最后一个名词后加’$;分别拥有时,两个名词后都加's
-例句:Tom and Jim's mother(汤姆和吉姆的妈妈,共有的妈妈),Tom’s and Jim's rooms(汤姆
的房间和吉姆的房间,分别拥有)
知识点三:不可数名词和名词单复数
·不可数名词
一基础特征(中老必背):
*无复数形式,不能直接加a/an一→例:water(水)→错误:a water;正确:a glass of water
*谓语动词用单数→例:The milk is in the fridge.(牛奶在冰箱里。)
*表数量需借助量词→例:a cup of tea(一杯茶)、two pieces of paper(两张纸)、three bottles of
juice(三瓶果汁)
*常见类别及例词:
·液体:milk(牛奶)、coffee(咖啡)、soup(汤)
·抽象概念:love(爱)、happiness(幸福)、knowledge(知识)
物质名词:rice(米饭)、sand(沙子)、wood(木头)
·自然现象:rain(雨)、snow(雪)、wind(风)
一易错辨析(中考高频):
*“many”Vs“much”:many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词
*→例:many books(许多书);much money(许多钱)
*“afew”vs“a little”:afew修饰可数名词复数(表肯定),a little修饰不可数名词(表肯定)
*→例:a few apples(几个苹果);a little milk(一点牛奶)
*集体名词的不可数用法:有些集体名词表整体时不可数
*→例:people(人们,表整体时单复数同形,但强调个体时可视为复数;“民族”义时可数)、police
(警察,永远复数)
·可数名词单复数
-规则变化(中考基础):
*一般加-s→例:book-books,cat→cats,student-→students
*以s,X,sh,ch结尾加-es→例:bus-buses,box-→boxes,brush-brushes,.watch-watches
*以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加-es→例:city→cities,baby-babies,family-一→families
*以ffe结尾,变f/fe为V加-es→例:leaf-leaves,.knifeknives,wolf-wolves(特例:roof roofs,.
belief>beliefs
*以o结尾:有生命加-es,无生命加-s→例:potato-→ootatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero→neroes;
photo→ohotos,radio→radios
-不规则变化(中考必背):
*单复数同形→例:sheep-→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fish(强调种类时fishes)
*特殊变化→例:man-men,woman-women,child-→children,foot→feet,tooth-teeth,
mouse→mice
*合成词复数:将主体名词变为复数→例:boy student-boy students,.daughter-in-law→daughters-
in-law(无主体名词时在词尾加-s:grown-up→grown-ups)
·主谓一致(中考核心)
一单数名词作主语,谓语用单数;复数名词作主语,谓语用复数
-→例:The apple is red.(苹果是红色的。);Apples are red.(苹果是红色的。)
-“the+形容词”表一类人时,谓语用复数
-→例:The old are respected in our society.(老年人在我们社会受到尊重。)
-就近原则:there be句型中,be动词与最近的名词单复数一致
-→例:There is a book and two pens on the desk.(桌上有-本书和两支笔。);There are two pens
and a book on the desk.(桌上有两支笔和一本书。)
初一|英语|外研版
ENGLISH-初一系列资料(外研版)
考法一:不可数名词的数量表达
·核心:根据不可数名词的特征,选择正确的数量表达结构(数词+量词+o)及量词的单复数形式
·真题1(语法填空):
There are three_(bottle)of milk on the table.
一答案:bottles解析:mi是不可数名词,需用“数词+量词+of”结构表达数量;数词three后接可
数名词复数,bottle的复数形式为bottles。
·真题2(单项选择):
-I need-paper to write a letter.
A.a
B.an
C.two
D.some
-答案:D解析:paper是不可数名词,不能直接用aan或数词two修饰;some可修饰不可数名词,
表示“一些”,符合句意。
考法二:名词单复数与不可数名词的综合运用
·核心:结合语境判断名词可数性及单复数形式,正确使用修饰词或量词
·真题1(语法填空):
There are two _(knife)on the table.Please pass me one.
-答案:knives解析:由数词two”可知需用复数;“knife”以fe结尾,变fe为v加-es,故填knives。.
·真题2(单项选择):
-I need_paper to write a letter.Do you have any?
A.a
B.an
C.some
D.many
一答案:C解析:paper为不可数名词,不能用alan修饰;many修饰可数名词复数,some可修饰不
可数名词,故填C。
考法三:不可数名词与名词单复数的综合应用
·核心:结合语境判断名词的可数性、单复数形式及主谓一致,掌握不可数名词的量词修饰规则
·真题1(单项选择):
Look!There__some milk and two apples on the table.
A.is
B.are
C.have
D.has
-答案:A解析:由"there be”就近原则可知,be动词需与最近的主语”some milk”(不可数名词)保持
一致,故用单数is;不可数名词milk前用some修饰,复数名词apples前用数词two直接修饰。
·真题2(语法填空):
My family_(be)having dinner when the phone rang.We all stopped to answer it.
-答案:were解析:集体名词family在此强调个体成员”家人”(复数含义),谓语需用复数形式;由时
间状语”when the phone rang”可知用过去进行时,故填were。
初一|英语|外研版
ENGLISH-初一系列资料(外研版)
真题演练
演练一:单项选择(共10题)
1.I want to buy-bread for breakfast.
A.a
B.an
C.two
D.some
2.There _three sheep eating grass on the hill.
A.is
B.are
C.have
D.has
3.My mother bought two_of juice from the shop
A.bottle
B.bottles
C.cup
D.glass
4.This is__useful book.I read it every day.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
5.There are many_in the park on weekends.
A.child
B.childs
C.children
D.childrens
6.You should drink more_every day to stay healthy.
A.water
B.waters
C.apple
D.orange
7.The_are playing football on the playground.
A.man teacher
B.men teacher
C.man teachers
D.men teachers
8.I need_information about the history of China.
A.a
B.an
C.some
D.many
9.My family_watching TV together now.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
10.There is __milk and two eggs in the fridge.
A.a
B.an
C.some
D.many
演练二:填空试题(共10题)
1.There are five _(sheep)on the farm.
2.How many_(box)do you need for these books?
3.She has two_(baby)and they are very cute.
4.I want to buy three_(knife)for the kitchen.
5.There is some_(water)in the bottle.
6.My father bought two _(radio)yesterday.
7.The_(child)are playing games in the garden.
8.We need some(paper)to draw pictures.
9.There are many_(woman)doctors in this hospital.
10.He ate two_(fish)for lunch
演练三:语法填空(共10空)
It is Sunday morning.My family and I are at home.My mother is making breakfast.She needs two
-(egg)and some_(milk)for the cake.My father is reading a_(newspaper)on the sofa.There are
three_(book)next to him.My sister is playing with her_(toy).She has many-(doll)and_(ball).I am
doing my homework.I need some_(pen)and_(paper).Later,we will go to the park.There are many
-(tree)and_(flower)there.We can see some_(bird)singing in the trees.I love Sundays!
答案
演练一:单项选择
1.D2.B3.B4.A5.C6.A7.D8.C9.B10.C
演练二:填空试题
1.sheep 2.boxes 3.babies 4.knives 5.water
6.radios 7.children 8.paper 9.women 10.fish
演练三:语法填空
1.eggs 2.milk 3.newspaper 4.books 5.toys
6.dolls 7.balls 8.pens 9.paper 10.trees
初一1英语|外研版