一般现在时的被动语态-备战2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） Chapter1一般现在时的被动语态 考频分析 一般现在时的被动语态是中考英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的8%左右，主要分布在核心题型中： 单项选择1-2题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子结构的正确性与表达的准确性）。 在语境理解类题目中，一般现在时的被动语态的构成(am/is/are+过去分词)及主谓一致往往是解题关键。 考查内容 中考对一般现在时的被动语态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本结构辨识：肯定句（主语+am/is/are+过去分词）、否定句（主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词）、一 般疑问句(Am/ls/Are+主语+过去分词)的构成规则； ·动词形式变化：不规则动词过去分词的正确拼写（如do-done,see-seen)与规则动词变化规律（加-ed); ·语境应用匹配：表示客观事实、普遍真理、习惯性动作的语境中被动语态的选用，以及主动语态转换为 被动语态的句式变换（含人称代词、情态动词等特殊情况）。 精讲精练 知识点一：一般现在时的被动语态构成及用法 ·基本结构（主语+be动词+及物动词的过去分词+其他） -肯定句：主语+amis/are+过去分词+.. *例句：English is spoken by many people.(主语为不可数名词，be动词用is)These books are read by students every day.(主语为复数，be动词用are) -否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词+.. *例句：The window is not cleaned today.(be动词is后加not)Apples are not eaten by him. (be动词are后加not) -疑问句：Am/ls/Are+-主语+过去分词+？ *例句：口Is this song sung by her??(主语为单数，be动词用Ils)口Are these letters written by your father'？(主语为复数，be动词用Are) ·用法（强调动作承受者或动作的普遍性） 一强调动作的承受者（不知道或不必提及动作执行者） *例句：This bridge was built in1998.(未提及“谁建造”，强调桥被建造) 一表示客观事实或普遍真理 *例句：The Great Wall is known all over the world..(“被全世界知道”是客观事实) 初三|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 ·1.一般现在时（常态、规律、客观真理） -口时间标志词 *always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、every day/week/month(每天/周月)、on Sundays (在周日)、客观真理（无具体时间词，如“光速是恒定的”） 一口主动语态 *结构：主语+动词原形（主语为非三单）/动词第三人称单数（主语为三单） *例句： ·口They clean the classroom every morning.(非三单主语，动词用原形clean) ·口He writes reports every week..(三单主语，动词用writes) 一口被动语态 *结构：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词（主语单复数决定am/is/are的选择） *例句： ·口The classroom is cleaned by them every morning.(主语单数，用is;clean的过去分词为 cleaned) ·口Reports are written by him every week.(主语复数，用are;write的过去分词为written) ·2.一般过去时（过去某个时间发生的动作/状态，已结束） -口时间标志词 *yesterday(昨天)、last week/month/year(上周/月年)、just now(刚才)、in2020(在2020年)、 three days ago(三天前) 一口主动语态 *结构：主语+动词过去式（无单复数变化） *例句： ·口She cooked dinner yesterday.(cook的过去式为cooked) ·口They built this house in2o1O.(build的过去式为built) 一口被动语态 *结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词（主语单数用was,复数用were) *例句： ·口Dinner was cooked by her yesterday.(主语不可数，用was;cook的过去分词为cooked) ·口This house was built by them in2010.(主语单数，用was;build的过去分词为built) ·3.一般将来时（将来某个时间发生的动作/计划） -口时间标志词 *tomorrow(明天)、next week/.month/year(下周月/年)、in the future(在未来)、soon(很快)、in three days(三天后) 一口主动语态 *结构：口主语+will+动词原形口主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 *例句： ·口The company will launch a new product next month.(wil+原形launch) ·☐They are going to organize a meeting tomorrow.(主语复数，用are going to+原形organize) 一口被动语态 *结构：口主语+wibe+动词过去分词口主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 *例句： ·☐A new product will be launched by the company next month.(will be+launch的过去分词 launched ·☐A meeting is going to be organized by them tomorrow.(主语单数，用is going to be+organize 的过去分词organized)》 ·4.现在进行时（此时此刻正在发生的动作） 一口时间标志词 *now(现在)、at the moment(此刻)、look(看，句首提示)、listen(听，句首提示) 一口主动语态 *结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用is,第一人称用am,复数用are) *例句 ·口They are discussing the plan now.(主语复数，用are+discussing) ·口She is preparing the lesson at the moment..(三单主语，用is+preparing) 一·被动语态 *结构：主语+amis/are+being+动词过去分词(being体现“正在进行”，过去分词体现“被动") *例句： ·口The plan is being discussed by them now.(主语单数，用is being+discuss的过去分词dis cussed) ·口The lesson is being prepared by her at the moment..(主语单数，用is being+prepare的过去 分词prepared) ·5.过去进行时（过去某个时刻时间段正在发生的动作） -口时间标志词 *at8p.m.yesterday(昨天晚上8点)、this time last week(上周这个时候)、when+一般过去时句 子（如When he called) 一口主动语态 *结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数I三单用was,复数用were) *例句： ·口e were painting the wall at3p.m.yesterday..(主语复数，用were+painting) ·☐He was repairing the car when it rained.(三单主语，用was+repairing) 一口被动语态 *结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词(was/were体现“过去”，being体现“进行”，过 去分词体现“被动”) *例句： ·口The wall was being painted by us at3p.m.yesterday.(主语单数，用was being+paint的过去 分词painted) ·口The car was being repaired by him when it rained.(主语单数，用was being+repair的过去分 词repaired) ·6.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在） 一口时间标志词 *already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、since+时间 点（如since2020)、so far(到目前为止） 一口主动语态 *结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数第一人称用have) *例句： ·口They have completed the project.(主语复数，用have+completed) ·☐She has written three books so far.(三单主语，用has+written) 一口被动语态 *结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词(have/has been体现“现在完成时”，过去分词体现 “被动”) *例句： ·口The project has been completed by them.(主语单数，用has been+complete的过去分词 completed ·口Three books have been written by her so far..(主语复数，用have been+write的过去分词 written ·7.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，“过去的过去”） -口时间标志词 *by+过去时间点（如by last year)、before+过去时句子（如before he arrived)、hen+一般过 去时句子（如When we got there) 一口主动语态 *结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用had) *例句： .He had finished the report before the meeting started.(had+finished) .They had planted all the trees by yesterday.(had+planted) 一口被动语态 *结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词(had been体现“过去完成时”，过去分词体现“被动”) *例句： ·☐The report had been finished by him before the meeting started.(had been+-finish的过去分词 finished) ·口All the trees had been planted by them by yesterday.(主语复数，用had been+plant的过去分 词planted) 知识点三：被动语态常见错误及易混辨析 ·1.被动语态与系表结构的区别 一基础概念辨析（中考核心）： *口被动语态强调动作，系表结构强调状态 ·→例句：The window is broken by the boy..(被动语态，强调“被打破”的动作) ·→例句：The window is broken.(系表结构，强调“破碎的”状态) *口时间状语区分法 ·→例句：The shop is closed at6p.m.every day.(被动语态，有动作执行时间) ·→例句：The shop is closed now.(系表结构，无时间状语，表状态) *口by短语区分法 ·→例句：English is spoken by many people.(被动语态，带by短语) ·→例句：He is interested in English..(系表结构，无by短语) ·2.不及物动词和短语动词的被动语态 一常见错误提醒（中考易错）： *口不及物动词无被动语态 ·→错误：The accident was happened last night. ·→正确：The accident happened last night.. *口短语动词的被动语态要保留介词副词 ·→例句：The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten. ·→例句：The meeting will be put off until next week. *口带双宾语动词的被动语态 ·→例句：He was given a book by the teacher..(主语是间接宾语) ·→例句：A book was given to him by the teacher.(主语是直接宾语) ·3.被动语态中的时态一致性 一时态对应规则（中考必考）： *口主句与从句时态一致 ·→例句：The teacher said that English is spoken in many countries.(客观事实用一般现在时) ·→例句：He told me that the room had been cleaned.(过去完成时表”过去的过去") *口时间状语与谓语时态一致 ·→例句：This bridge was built in2000.(过去时间用一般过去时) ·→例句：A new school will be built here next year.(将来时间用一般将来时) ·4.主动表被动的特殊情况 一特殊用法归纳（中老常考）： *口某些感官动词的主动形式 ·→例句：The cloth feels soft.(feel用主动形式表被动含义) ·→例句：The food tastes delicious.(taste用主动形式表被动含义) *口need/want/require+doing表被动 ·→例句：The room needs cleaning.(=The room needs to be cleaned.) ·→例句：The bike wants repairing.(=The bike wants to be repaired.) *口某些动词的进行时表被动 ·→例句：The book is printing.(=The book is being printed.) ·→例句：The house is building.(=The house is being built..) 初三|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 考法一：一般现在时被动语态构成及用法 ·核心：根据主语单复数确定b动词形式，掌握及物动词过去分词变化规则，理解被动语态强调承受者 或普遍性的用法 ·真题1（语法填空）： -English_(speak)by many people around the world. -答案：is spoken解析：主语"English”为不可数名词，be动词用is;"speak”的过去分词为”spoken”, 此句强调英语被许多人说这一普遍事实，用一般现在时被动语态。 ·真题2（单项选择）： These books_by students every day A.read B.reads C.are read D.is read -答案：C解析：主语"These books”为复数，be动词用are;"read”的过去分词为"read”,时间标志 词”every day”表明用一般现在时，故此处用一般现在时被动语态”are read"。 考法二：被动语态与时态结合 ·核心：根据时间标志词或上下文语境，判断动作发生的时间及被动关系，匹配正确时态的被动语态 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The classroom_(clean)every day by the students. 一答案：is cleaned解析：由时间标志词“every day”可知，动作是常态，用一般现在时；主语“classroom” 是动作承受者，用被动语态；主语为单数，be动词用is,clean的过去分词为cleaned。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -A new bridge_in our city last year. A.builds B.is built C.was built D.will be built -答案：C解析：由时间标志词“last year'”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时；主语“bridge”是 动作承受者，用被动语态；主语为单数，be动词用was,build的过去分词为built。, 考法三：被动语态的应用 ·核心：综合考查被动语态在不同时态中的结构应用，结合时间标志词和主语单复数判断正确形式，并区 分易混淆结构（如系表结构）。 ·真题1（单顶选择）： -The new science museum__in our city next month.Many people are looking forward to it. A.opens B.will open C.is opened D.will be opened 一答案：D解析：主语"the new science museum”是动作”open”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标 志词”next monthi”可知，用一般将来时被动语态，结构为"will be+过去分词”，open的过去分词为 opened。选项C为一般现在时被动，与将来时间不符。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -Look!The windows of the classroom_(clean)by the students now.They do it every Friday afternoon. -答案：are being cleaned解析：主语"the windows”是动作"clean”的承受者，需用被动语态；由"Look!” 和"now”可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时被动语态，结构为”am/is/are being+过去分词”。主语为复 数，be动词用are,clean的过去分词为cleaned。后句"They do it..”提示该动作为常态，但前句强 调此刻正在进行的被动动作。 初三|英语|人教版 ENGLISH初三全一册资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境； 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动“amis/are”,一过被动“was/were”; 进行被动要用“being”,完成被动have/has/had been”; 将来被动“will be”,最后加上一个done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.This song_by many young people now. A.sings B.is sung C.sang D.was sung 2.Our classroom_every day to keep it clean. A.cleans B.is cleaning C.is cleaned D.cleaned 3.These letters_by my father yesterday. A.wrote B.are written C.were written D.will be written 4.A new library_in our school next year. A.builds B.will build C.is built D.will be built 5.The plan_by the teachers at the moment.