一般过去时的被动语态-备战2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） Chapter1一般过去时的被动语态 考频分析 般过去时的被动语态是中考英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的8%左右，常见于试卷核心题型： 单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（次要考察，用于描述过去发生的 被动动作)。在语境理解类题目中，一般过去时的被动语态的结构(was/were+过去分词)及主谓一致往 往是解题关键。 考查内容 中考对动词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词在被动结构中的辅助功能与辨析； ·时态与语态：一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构（主语+was/were+过去分词+其他），主动语态与被 动语态的转换，以及在具体语境中的正确匹配与运用； ·非谓语动词：todo、doig、do在含被动意义的固定搭配中的使用，以及在被动语境下作宾语、宾语补 足语、定语等的句法功能。 精讲精练 知识点一：一般过去时的被动语态 ·基本结构（主语+be动词过去式+及物动词过去分词+其他） -肯定句：主语+was/were+动词过去分词(+by动作执行者) -例句：The letter was written by Tom yesterday.(主语为单数，be动词用was)These books were bought last week.(主语为复数，be动词用were) -否定句：主语+was/were+not+动词过去分词(+by动作执行者) -例句：口The room was not cleaned this morning.(was not可缩写为wasn't)Those trees were not planted by students.(were not可缩写为weren't) -疑问句：VasMere+主语+动词过去分词(+by动作执行者)？ -例句：口Was the window broken by Jim?(主语为单数，用Was提问)口Were these photos taken in Beijing?(主语为复数，用Were提问) ·用法及注意事项 一适用场景：强调动作承受者或不知道动作执行者时使用 -例句：口The bridge was built in2oo0.(强调桥被建造的时间，未提及建造者)口My bike was stolen last night..(不知道谁偷了自行车，强调承受者“自行车”) -动词过去分词变化规则：规则动词加-ed(如：cleaned/watched),不规则动词需特殊记忆（如：writ- ten/broken -例句：口The glass was broken by the child.(break的过去分词为broken)口This song was sung by many people.(sing的过去分词为sung) 【即学即练】 1.【肯定句结构】请补全句子：The book_(write)by Lu Xun in1936. 2.【否定句结构】请将句子改为否定句：The classroom was cleaned this morning. 3.【疑问句结构】请将句子改为一般疑问句：These letters were sent to America. → 4.【主谓一致】选择正确选项：The old house_built in1980. A.was B.were C.is D.are 5.【过去分词变化】写出下列动词的过去分词：break→一；sing→一；clean→ 初三|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 知识点二：常见时态的被动语态结构对比 ·一般现在时被动语态 1.结构公式 -主语+am/is/are+过去分词(amis/are根据主语人称和数变化) 2.时间标志 -every day(每天)、often(经常)、usually(通常)、always(总是) 3.例句说明 -☐English is spoken in many countries..(主语单数，用is;speak的过去分词为spoken) -These cars are produced in China.(主语复数，用are;produce的过去分词为produced) ·一般将来时被动语态 1.结构公式 -主语+will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词 2.时间标志 -tomorrow(明天)、next week(下周)、in the future(将来) 3.例句说明 -口The meeting will be held next Monday.(will be+hold的过去分词held) -The new road is going to be built next year.(is going to be+build的过去分词built) ·现在完成时被动语态 1.结构公式 一主语+have/has been+过去分词(have/has根据主语人称和数变化) 2.时间标志 -already(已经)、yet(还)、for three years(三年)、since2020(自2020年以来) 3.例句说明 -口The windows have been cleaned.(主语复数，用have been;clean的过去分词为cleaned) -口His homework has been finished.(主语单数，用has been;finish的过去分词为finished) ·含情态动词的被动语态 1.结构公式 -主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 2.常见情态动词 -can(能够)、should(应该)、must(必须)、may(可以) 3.例句说明 -☐The work must be done before Friday.(must be+do的过去分词done) -☐This book can be borrowed from the library.(can be+borrow的过去分词borrowed) 知识点三：被动语态的特殊句式与中考高频考点 ·特殊疑问句被动结构 -基础句式转换（中考必考）： *口对主语提问：疑问词+was/were+过去分词？→例句：ho was invited to the party?(谁被邀 请参加聚会？) *☐对方式提问：How+was/were+主语+过去分词？→例句：How was the machine repaired? (机器是怎么被修好的？) *D对地点提问：Where+was/were+主语+过去分词？→例句：Where were these ancient coins found?(这些古钱币是在哪里被发现的？) *☐对时间提问：When+was/were+主语+过去分词？，例句：hen was the Great Wall built? (长城是什么时候被建造的？) ·双宾语动词被动转换 -人称宾语作主语（中考重难点）： *give→例句：主动句：My teacher gave me a book.被动转换：I was given a book by my teacher. /A book was given to me by my teacher. *口send→例句：主动句：She sent him a letter.被动转换：He was sent a letter by her../A letter was sent to him by her. *show→例句：主动句：The guide showed us the museum.被动转换：Ne were shown the museum by the guide.The museum was shown to us by the guide. *Dbuy→例句：主动句：Mother bought me a new dress.被动转换：I was bought a new dress by mother./A new dress was bought for me by mother. ·动词短语被动形式 一常见短语被动转换（中考常考）： *☐turn off(关闭)→例句：The lights were turned off before leaving.(离开前灯被关掉了) *口put on(穿上)→例句：The play was put on by Class3 last week.(话剧上周被三班上演) *口take care of(照顾)→例句：The babies are taken care of by nurses.(婴儿们被护士照顾) *口look after(照料)→例句：The garden was looked after by my grandfather.(花园曾被祖父照 料) *carry out(执行)→例句：The plan was carried out successfully.(计划被成功执行) ·中考易错点辨析 -主动表被动特殊情况（中考陷阱题）： *☐系动词不用被动：The silk feels smooth.（丝绸摸起来光滑)≠The silk is felt smooth *口不及物动词无被动：The accident happened yesterday.(事故昨天发生)≠The accident was happened *口被动语态省略by:The house was built in1990.(房子建于1990年)→执行者省略 *口过去分词作定语：a broken window(被打破的窗户)a written report(被写好的报告) 初三|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 考法一：一般过去时被动语态结构辨析 ·核心：根据主语单复数及动词过去分词变化规则，判断被动语态基本结构正确性 ·真题1（语法填空）： The old photos_(take)by my grandma when she was young. 一答案：were taken解析：主语“The old photos”为复数，be动词用were;take的过去分词为taken, 构成一般过去时被动语态肯定句结构。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -The room-_yesterday because it was too dirty. A.cleaned B.was cleaned C.is cleaned D.will be cleaned -答案：B解析：由时间标志词“yesterday”可知用一般过去时，主语“The room”与动作“clean”是 被动关系，被动语态结构为“was/were+-过去分词”，主语单数，be动词用was,clean的过去分词 为cleaned。 考法二：被动语态时态转换 ·核心：根据时间标志词或上下文语境，判断动作发生的时间，选择对应时态的被动语态结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The meeting_(hold)tomorrow morning.Please arrive on time -答案：will be held解析：由时间标志词“tom orrow morning”可知，动作发生在将来，用一般将来时 被动语态；结构为“will be+过去分词”，hold的过去分词为held。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -These photos_in Beijing last year. A.take B.took C.are taken D.were taken -答案：D解析：由时间标志词last year'”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时被动语态；主语复 数，be动词用were,take的过去分词为taken。. 考法三：被动语态的应用 ·核心：根据语境判断动作的承受者，掌握被动语态的基本结构(be+过去分词)，并能够辨析不同时态 和情态动词下的被动形式。 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The new science museum__in 2022.Many visitors go there every weekend. A.builds B.built C.was built D.is built 一答案：C解析：主语“the new science museum”是动作“build”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间 “in2022”可知是过去的事件，用一般过去时被动语态(was/were+过去分词)，build的过去分词为 built。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The old bridge_(repair)next month because it was damaged in the flood. -答案：will be repaired/is going to be repaired解析：主语“the old bridge”是动作“repair'”的承受 者，需用被动语态；时间标志“next m onth'”表明将来时间，用一般将来时被动语态(will be+过去 分词或am/is/are going to be+过去分词)，repair的过去分词为repaired。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境； 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动“am/is/are”,一过被动“was/were'”; 进行被动要用being”,完成被动“have/has/had been”; 将来被动“will be”,最后加上一个done。 初三|英语引人教版 ENGLISH初三全一册资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.The letter by my brother just now A.write B.wrote C.was written D.is written 2.These old housesin 1950 A.built B.were built C.are built D.will be built 3.the homework finished yesterday? A.Was B.Is C.Are D.Will 4.The storybook_by many children last year A.reads B.is read C.was read D.will be read 5.The bridgebecause of the heavy rain last week A.damaged B.was damaged C.damages D.is damaged 6.How_these photos_? A.were taken B.are taken C.will be taken D.was taken 7.The computer_by my father yesterday aftemoon A.repaired B.was repaired C.is repaired D.repairs 8.the meeting held in the hall last Monday? A.Is B.Was C.Are D.Will 9.The flowers_by my sister every day A.watered B.are watered C.were watered D.will be watered 10.The thief by the police last night A.caught B.was caught C.is caught D.will be caught 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The old bike(find)in the park yesterday 2.These questions_(answer)by Tom just now 3.The letter_(not send)to Mary last week 4.the windows(clean)this morning? 5.A new school _(build)in our town in 2020 6.The children_(take)to the zoo by their parents yesterday 7.This song_(sing)by many students at the party 8.The books_(not return)to the library last Friday 9.How_the problem_(solve)yesterday? 10.The sports meeting_(hold)in our school last autumn 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Last Sunday,a charity sale 1-(organize)by our class in the school playground.Many students 2(invite) to take part in it.At 9:00 am,the sale 3(start)after the teacher's speech.All kinds of things 4(sell), such as books,toys and clothes.My storybook 5_(buy)by a little girl for 10 yuan.Some students'hand- made cards 6(choose)by many teachers.At 12:00,the sale 7(end).About 2000 yuan 8_(collect)in total.The money 9_(give)to the children in poor areas the next day.Everyone said the activity 10_(hold) successfully. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.B3.A4.C5.B6.A7.B8.B9.B10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.was found 2.were answered 3.wasn't sent 4.Were;cleaned 5.was built 6.were taken 7.was sung 8.weren't returned 9.was;solved 10.was held 演练三：语法填空 1.was organized 2.were invited 3.started 4.were sold 5.was bought 6.were chosen 7.ended 8.was collected 9.was given 10.was held 初三|英语|人教版