过去完成时-备战2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） Chapter1过去完成时 考频分析 过去完成时是中考英语语法的重要考点，考频占时态考点总量的15%左右，主要分布在核心题型中：单 项选择1-2题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1题。在语境理解类题目中，过去完成时表示“过去的过去” 的动作或状态，常需结合上下文的时间状语或动作先后关系进行判断，是理解句子逻辑和解题的关键。 老查内容 中考对动词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能； ·时态与语态：过去完成时的基本结构(had+过去分词)与语境匹配（表示过去某一时间前已完成的动 作)，主动语态与被动语态的转换； ·非谓语动词：todo、doig、do的固定搭配与句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语、定语等）。 精讲精练 知识点一：过去完成时的构成及用法 ·基本构成(had+过去分词) -肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他→例句：She had finished her homework before dinner. -否定句：主语+had not(hadn't)+动词过去分词+其他→例句：They hadn't arrived at the station by 8 o'clock. -疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他？→例句：Had he read the book before the class? ·核心用法（表示“过去的过去”） -时间标志：by+过去时间点(by yesterday/by2020)、when/before/after+一般过去时从句→例句： ☐Ne had lived in Beijing for5 years by2019.(by+过去时间点)When I arrived,the party had already started.(when+一般过去时从句) -语境暗示：通过上下文体现动作发生在另一个过去动作之前→例句：He told me he had visited London twice.(“告诉”是过去动作，“参观”发生在“告诉”之前) 【即学即练】 1.【基本构成】She_((finish)her homework before dinner yesterday 2.【否定句结构】They一(arrive)at the station by8o'clock last night..(用否定形式填空) 3.【疑问句结构】_he_(read)the book before the class？(补全疑问句) 4.【核心用法】判断句子中动作的时间关系：He told me he had visited London twice.句中“参观”发生 在“告诉”之 (前后)，因此用过去完成时。 5.【时间标志词】下列哪个时间标志词可用于过去完成时？ A.by tomorrow B.by2019 C.now D.next week 初三|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 知识点二：过去完成时的被动语态与时间状语 ·被动语态构成(had been+过去分词) 1.结构规则：主语+had been+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)*注：所有人称统一使用had been, 无需随主语变化 2.例句对比：主动语态：The workers had completed the bridge by last month.被动语态：The bridge had been completed by the workers by last month.(主语单复数不影响had been形式) ·时间状语特征 1.explicit时间标志词： -by+具体过去时间(by2o08/by the end of last year) -before+过去时间点(before yesterday's meeting) -when+一般过去时从句（当..时，强调被动动作先发生）例句：/hen the doctor arrived,the patient had been sent to the hospital..("送医”发生在”医生到达”之前且含被动意义) 2.隐含时间关系：通过上下文暗示被动动作先于另一过去动作例句：He found the book that had been lost for weeks.("”丢失”发生在”找到”之前，且书是被丢失的) ·特殊注意事项 1.by后接执行者与时间点的区分： -The novel had been written by Lu Xun by1926.(第-个byl出执行者，第二个byl出时间点) 2.不及物动词无被动语态： -The accident had been happened before the police came. -The accident had happened before the police came.(happen为不及物动词，不能用被动语 态) ·真题考点提示 1.时态一致性：主句为过去时，从句需用过去完成时被动语态例句：The teacher confirmed that the homework had been submitted. 2.时间状语判断：出现"by the time+过去时从句”必用过去完成时例句：By the time the firemen arrived, the fire had been put out by the villagers. 知识点三：过去完成时与时间状语从句的塔配 ·when/before//ater引l导的时间状语从句 一基础句型结构（中考必考）： 1.when+一般过去时从句，主句用过去完成时→例句：hen I woke up,my mother had already prepared breakfast..(强调”准备”发生在”醒来”之前) 2.before+一般过去时从句，主句用过去完成时→例句：The train had left before we reached the station.(”离开”发生在”到达”之前) 3.after+过去完成时从句，主句用一般过去时→例句：After she had finished her homework,she went out to play.("完成作业”发生在”出去玩”之前) ·by the time引导的时间状语从句 一特殊时间标志（中考高频考点）： 1.by the time+一般过去时从句，主句用过去完成时→例句：By the time the teacher came,the students had cleaned the classroom.("打扫”在”老师来”之前已完成) 2.by the end of+过去时间，主句用过去完成时→例句：By the end of last month,we had learned 500 English words.("学习”在”上个月末"之前持续发生) ·状语从句的省略与倒装 -特殊用法（中考拓展）： 1.省略相同主语：When(he was)asked why he was late,he said he had missed the bus. 2.时间状语前置：Before8o'clock yesterday,.all the guests had arrived..(时间短语置于句首强调时 间节点) ·易错点提醒 一常见错误辨析： 1.混淆when与while:hile十arrive,he had left.(while后接a延续性动词)When I arrived,he had left. 2.误用时间状语：He had finished the wor'-until yesterda妙(until.不用于过去完成时)He had finished the work by yesterday. 初三|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 老法一：过去完成时基本构成及用法辨析 ·核心：根据时间标志词或上下文语境，判断动作是否为“过去的过去”，选择正确的肯定句、否定句或疑 问句形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： She_(finish)her homework before dinner yesterday. -答案：had finished解析：由时间标志词“before dinner yesterday”可知，“完成作业”发生在“昨天 晚饭”之前，属于过去的过去，用过去完成时；其构成为had+过去分词，finish的过去分词为finished。 ·真题2（单项选择）： They_arrived at the station by 8 o'clock last night. A.hadn't B.haven't C.didn't D.aren't -答案：A解析：由时间标志词“by8o'clock last night'”可知，动作发生在过去的过去，需用过去完成 时；否定句结构为“主语+hadn't+动词过去分词”，此处用hadn't符合语法规则。 考法二：过去完成时主动与被动语态转换 ·核心：根据语境判断动作的主动/被动关系，结合时间标志词完成句型转换 ·真题1（句型转换）： -The workers had built the new library by the end of last year..(改为被动语态) The new library_by the workers by the end of last year. -答案：had been built解析：原句为过去完成时主动语态，被动语态结构为"had been+过去分词”，build 的过去分词为built。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -When I got to the cinema,I found the tickets_already_out. A.have;sold B.had;sold C.had;been sold D.have;been sold -答案：C解析：”票被卖完”发生在”到达电影院”之前，用过去完成时被动语态，结构为had been+过 去分词，sel‖的过去分词为sold。 考法三：过去完成时被动语态与时间状语的综合应用 ·核心：结合时间状语(by/after/when等)和被动语态结构(had been+过去分词)，判断动作的承受者 及时间先后关系 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The new library_by the end of last year.Many students have already visited it. A.completed B.had completed C.was completed D.had been completed 一答案：D解析：主语"the new library”是动作"com plete'”的承受者，需用被动语态；时间标志"by the end of last year"”表示”截至去年年底”，强调在过去的某个时间点前已完成，需用过去完成时被动语 态，结构为"nad been+过去分词”。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -When the police arrived,the stolen painting_(return)to the museum secretly. -答案：had been returned解析：主语"the stolen painting”是动作"return'”的承受者，需用被动语态； ”when the police arrived”为一般过去时，根据语境”归还”动作发生在”到达”之前，体现”过去的过 去”，需用过去完成时被动语态，结构为"nad been+过去分词”。 初三|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 过去完成看“过去”，“过去的过去”是核心； 时间标志找“before/by+过去”，没有标志看语境先后； 主动结构“had+done”,否定“hadn't”疑问“had”提前； 被动必用“had been done”,动作承受要分清； by加过去时间点，被动完成最常见； 主从复合看时态，“过去之前”用had done/had been done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.She told me she_the Great Wall twice before 2020 A.has visited B.had visited C.visited D.visits 2.By the time we got to the station,the train_already A.left B.has left C.had left D.was leaving 3.The old house_down by the workers by last month A.pulled B.was pulled C.had pulled D.had been pulled 4.When I called him,he said hethe book for two weeks A.has borrowed B.had borrowed C.had kept D.has kept 5.My mother_dinner when I got home yesterday A.cooked B.has cooked C.had cooked D.was cooking 6.The letter-before I received the phone call A.had been sent B.has been sent C.was sent D.is sent 7.They_in this city for five years before they moved to Shanghai A.live B.have lived C.had lived D.were living 8.When the teacher came in,the students _the classroom A.have cleaned B.had cleaned C.cleaned D.were cleaning 9.The problem _by the clever boy before the teacher explained it A.solves B.solved C.had solved D.had been solved 10.By the end of last term,we_3000 English words A.learned B.have learned C.had learned D.were learning 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He said he(see)the movie twice 2.By 2010,they(build)three new schools in the town 3.The work_(finish)before we arrived there 4.When I got to the shop,the books _(sell)out already 5.She told me she(not hear)from her friend for a long time 6.By last month,they_(live)in this house for ten years 7.The thief_(catch)by the police before he ran away 8.I found that my wallet_(lose)when I got home 9.They_(not have)breakfast before they left home this morning 10.The old bridge_(build)in 1990 and it(use)for over 30 years by last year 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Last Sunday,I decided to visit my grandparents.When I got to their house,I found they weren't at home. My uncle told me they 1(go)to the market.I 2(wait)for them in the yard.After about an hour,they came back.They said they 3(buy)some fresh vegetables and fruits.My grandmother told me she 4_(cook)my favorite dishes.While she was cooking,I 5_(help)her wash the vegetables. During the meal,my grandfather told us a story about his childhood.He said when he was young,he 6(live)in a small village.They 7(not have)enough food to eat.But they 8(be)very happy.He also said he 9_(meet)my grandmother when he was 20 years old.They 10_(know)each other for two years before they got married.After dinner,I helped them clean the house.I had a happy day with my grandparents. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.D4.C5.C6.A7.C8.B9.D10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.had seen 2.had built 3.had been finished 4.had been sold 5.hadn't heard 6.had lived 7.had been caught 8.had been lost 9.hadn't had 10.was built;had been used 演练三：语法填空 1.had gone 2.waited 3.had bought 4.would cook 5.helped 6.had lived 7.hadn't had 8.had been 9.had met 10.had known 初三|英语|人教版