what等疑问词引导的宾语从句-备战2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） Chapter1what等疑问词引导的宾语从句 考频分析 what等疑问词引导的宾语从句是中考英语句法的重要模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，主要分布在核 心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、阅读理解(3-4题)、书面表达（辅助考察，影响句子表 达精确性)。在语境理解类题目中，疑问词的选择、从句的语序及时态呼应往往是解题关键。 老查内容 中考对wht等疑问词引导的宾语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·l导词选用：what,which,.who,whom,whose,when,where,why,how等疑问词的具体含义与适用语 境辨析； ·语序规则：从句需用陈述句语序（主语+谓语），避免疑问句语序的错误使用； ·时态呼应：主句为一般现在时将来时，从句根据实际情况用相应时态；主句为一般过去时，从句通常用 过去相关时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 精讲精练 知识点一：what等疑问词引导的宾语从句 ·1.基本结构（主句+连接词+陈述语序） -常见疑问词：what(什么)、who(谁)、when(何时)、where(何地)、why(为何)、how(如何) -例句：口Idon't know what he wants..(what作wants的宾语，从句用陈述语序he wants)口She asked where they will go tomorrow.(here引导从句，陈述语序they will go) ·2.时态规则（主句与从句时态一致） -主句为现在时/将来时，从句用任意时态：He knows when she left yesterday.(主句现在时knows,从 句过去时let) 一主句为过去时，从句用过去相关时态：She asked how he made the cake.(主句过去时asked,从句 过去时made) -客观真理永用一般现在时：The teacher told us why the earth goes around the sun.(客观真理用goes, 不受主句过去时told影响) ·3.特殊用法（疑问词+不定式结构） -简化结构：疑问词+todo(可替代部分宾语从句) -例句：口Please tell me what to buy.(=what I should buy)□They haven't decided where to meet, (where they will meet 【即学即练】 1.【基本结构】Idon't know一he wants to buy..(用what/when填空，需符合陈述语序) A.what B.when C.what does D.when does 2.【时态规则】The teacher told us why the moon_around the earth.(用move的正确形式填空) 3.【特殊用法】Please tell me_to do next.(用what/where填空) A.where B.what C.where do D.what do 4.【时态呼应】She asked how I_the cake.(用make的正确形式填空) 5.【简化结构】They haven't decided_to meet..(=where they will meet) A.where B.when C.where will D.when will 初三全一册|英语|人教版 ENGLISH初三全一册资料（人教版） 知识点二：宾语从句的时态一致与语序规侧 ·1.时态呼应规则（主句与从句时态需协调） 1.主句现在时（一般现在现在完成将来时），从句可用任意时态 一例句： -·She knows where he works.(主句knows为现在时，从句works为现在时) -口He will explain why he was late yesterday.(主句将来时will explain,.从句过去时was late) 2.主句过去时（一般过去/过去进行等），从句须用过去相关时态（一般过去过去完成过去将来） 一例句： -口I wondered what she was doing.(主句过去时wondered,.从句过去进行时was doing) -口They asked when the train would arrive.(主句过去时asked,从句过去将来时would arrive) 3.客观真理/科学事实永远使用一般现在时 -例句： -Galileo proved that the earth moves around the sun.(主句过去时proved,从句客观真理用 moves) -口The teacher explained why water boils at1O0☐.（主句过去时explained,从句科学事实用boils) ·2.语序规则（连接词后必须用陈述语序） 1.疑问词作主语时，保持”主语+谓语”自然语序 -例句： -Tell me who broke the window..(who作从句主语，语序为主谓宾) -口Idon't know what made him angry.(what作从句主语，语序为主谓宾) 2.疑问词作宾语/状语时，需调整倒装语序为陈述语序 一例句： -口Can you tell me where I can find the library'?(where作状语，陈述语序I can find) -口We need to decide when we should start.(when作状语，陈述语序we should start) ·3.语态转换规则（主动与被动语态的从句应用） 1.主动语态宾语从句 一结构：连接词+主语+主动谓语 一例句： -口Nobody knows who built this bridge.(主动语态built) -Please show me how I should operate this machine.(主动语态should operate) 2.被动语态宾语从句 -结构：连接词+主语+be动词+过去分词 -例句： -☐The police are investigating how the money was stolen.(被动语态was stolen) -☐Ve need to find out when the project will be completed.(被动语态will be completed) ·4.时态与语态综合应用 1.过去时主句+现在被动从句（客观事实） -例句：He demonstrated how solar energy is used to generate electricity.(客观事实用is used) 2.现在时主句+完成被动从句 -The report shows how the problem has been solved by the team.(has been solved) 3.过去时主句+过去完成被动从句 -She explained why the message hadn't been delivered on time.(hadn't been delivered) 知识点三：疑问词宾语从句的疑问词功能与句法成分 ·1.what(作宾语/主语/表语) 一核心功能（中考必考）： *☐作宾语(”什么”指事物)→例句：Could you tell me what you bought yesterday?(what作bought 的宾语) *口作主语('"什么”指事物)→例句：Nobody knows what made the computer break down.(what 作从句主语) *口作表语(”什么样的”)→例句：She asked me what my favorite subject was.(what作was的 表语) -特殊含义拓展（中考高频）： *what+名词（表示”哪种”）→例句：I wonder what color she likes best.(what修饰color) *口what time(询问时间)→例句：Please tell me what time the train arrives.(引导时间宾语从句) *口what kind of(询问种类)→例句：The chef explained what kind of ingredients we need. ·2.where(作地点状语) 一状语功能分类（中考必会）： *口具体地点状语→例句：I remember where I put my keys..(where作put的地点状语) *口抽象地点状语→例句：He showed me where I made mistakes.(where作made的抽象地点状 语) 一特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： *☐where to go(疑问词+不定式)→例句：The guide told us where to find the best view.(=where we could find) *口no matter where(让步状语从句省略)→例句：I'll follow you no matter where you go.(宾语从 句中较少使用)》 ·3.when(作时间状语) 一时间状语句法（中考核心）： *口具体时间点→例句：Do you know when the concert will begin?(when作begin的时间状语) *☐时间段参照→例句：She asked when I had visited the museum.(when作had visited的时间 参照) -时间连接辨析（中考重点）： *☐when vs.what time→例句：Could you tell me when/what time the meeting starts?(when更常 用) *口when to do结构→例句：Ne haven't decided when to hold the party.(=when we should hold) ·4.why(作原因状语) 一原因状语句法（中考必背）： *口直接原因询问→例句：Idon't understand why he refused our help.(why作refused的原因状 语) *口目的性询问→例句：The teacher explained why we need to review regularly.(why表目的) 一特殊用法注意（中考难点）： *口why not do结构（省略宾语从句）→例句：He suggested why not try another method.(=why we didn't try) *口the reason why结构→例句：That's the reason why I asked you to come.(定语从句与宾语从 句区分) ·5.how(作方式状语) 一方式状语句法（中考高频）： *口方法手段询问→例句：Can you show me how you solved this problem？(how作solved的方式 状语) *口程度状态询问→例句：Ican't imagine how difficult the task was.(how修饰difficult) 一拓展用法汇总（中考常考）： *how long(多长时间)→例句：Please tell me how long you have studied English. *☐how far(多远距离)→例句：The map shows how far it is from here to the station. *口how often(多久一次)→例句：She asked how often I go to the library. *口how many/much(多少数量)→例句：I wonder how many students joined the club. ·6.who/whom(作主语/宾语) 一人称功能区分（中考易错）： *口who作主语→例句：Do you know who broke the window?(who作从句主语) *☐whom作宾语→例句：I wonder whom they invited to the party.(whom作invited宾语，☐语中 可用who替代) -所有格形式： *☐whose作定语→例句：She asked whose notebook was left on the desk.(whose修饰notebook) *口whose作表语→例句：The teacher asked whose the beautiful handwriting was. 初三全一册|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 老法一：语序规则测辨析 ·核心：判断疑问词引导的宾语从句是否使用陈述语序，重点区分疑问词作主语与作状语宾语时的语序差 异 ·真题1（语法填空）： Could you tell me where(be)the nearest post office? -答案：the nearest post office is解析：where在从句中作地点状语，需用陈述语序”主语+谓语”，主 语是the nearest post office,谓语用is。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -I don't know_broke the window yesterday A.who B.who did C.whom D.whom did -答案：A解析：疑问词who在从句中作主语，直接用陈述语序”主语+谓语”，无需添加助动词did, whom仅作宾语，故排除C、D选项。 考法二：疑问词引导宾语从句的语序与时态综合判断 ·核心：根据主句时态确定从句时态，同时确保从句使用陈述语序 ·真题1（语法填空）： She asked me where I_(go)the next day. -答案：would go解析：主句”asked”为过去时，从句需用过去相关时态；"the next day”表示将来时间， 所以用过去将来时would go;从句用陈述语序I would go。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -Do you know _ A.when will the party start B.when the party will start C.when did the party start D.when the party started 一答案：B解析：主句为现在时”Do you know”,从句可用任意时态；选项需用陈述语序，排除A、C;结 合语境派对尚未开始，用将来时will start,故选B。 考法三：疑问词宾语从句的时态、语序与功能综合应用 ·核心：根据主句时态确定从句时态，保持陈述语序，准确判断疑问词在从句中的成分（主语宾语状语） ·真题1（单项选择）： --Do you know __for vacation next month? --Yes,to Beijing.He wants to visit the Great Wall. A.where will he go B.where he will go C.where did he go D.where he went -答案：B解析：主句”Do you know”为现在时，从句可用任意时态；根据时间状语"next month”确定从 句用将来时；where引导宾语从句需用陈述语序”主语+谓语”(he will go),且where作地点状语。A 项为疑问语序，C、D项时态与时间状语不符。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The teacher explained why the sun_(rise)in the east every morning.We all understood this natural phenomenon. -答案：rises解析：主句"The teacher explained”为过去时，但从句内容”太阳东升”为客观真理，需用 一般现在时；ise为不及物动词，无需被动语态，且why在从句中作原因状语，保持陈述语序。 初三全一册|英语|人教版 ENGLISH初三全一册资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 语序判断妙招 疑问词作引导，从句必用陈述序； 主语位置直接用，主谓顺序不颠倒； 状语宾语需注意，主谓倒装要避免； 先看疑问词成分，再定主谓语序对。 时态确定妙招 主句现在或将来，从句时态随语境； 主句若是过去时，从句亦用过去时； 客观真理永不变，一般现在记心间； 时间状语是关键，标志时态准判断。 综合应用妙招 三步解题要记牢，语序时态成分辨； 先看语序是否对，疑问语序先排除； 再判时态合不合，时间标志来帮忙； 最后确定疑问词，主宾状语要分清； 三招结合灵活用，难题自然迎刃解。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题，聚焦核心考点） 1.Could you tell me what time the meeting_? A.start B.starts C.will start D.started 2.I don't know _broke the window yesterday. A.who B.whom C.who did D.whom did 3.She asked me where I_the next day. A.go B.will go C.went D.would go 4.Do you know_？ A.when will the party start B.when the party will start C.when did the party start D.when the party started 5.The teacher told us why the earth__around the sun. A.move B.moves C.moved D.will move 6.He wonders-kind of music she likes A.what B.which C.how D.why 7.Please tell meto solve this problem. A.what B.how C.when D.where 8.I can't remember_I put my dictionary A.what B.where C.when D.why 9.They asked_the train would arrive. A.when B.what time C.where