that who which引导的定语从句-备战2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） Chapter1 that/who/which引导的定语从句 考频分析 that/who/which引导的定语从句是中考英语句法的重要模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个 核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空（1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，间 接影响答题效率)。在语境理解类题目中，关系代词的指代对象及从句与主句的逻辑关系往往是解题关键。 老查内容 中考对that/who/which引导的定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·关系代词辨析：that(指人物)、who(指人)、which(指物)的指代对象与适用场景； ·句法功能：在从句中作主语、宾语的基本用法，及宾语省略的条件； ·特殊规则：只能用that的情况（如先行词为不定代词、最高级等）与只能用which/who的情况（如非限 制性定语从句)。 精讲精练 知识点一：that/who/which引导的定语从句 ·定义及作用（修饰名词或代词，补充说明其特征或信息） -被修饰词称为先行词，关系代词that/who/which在从句中代替先行词，充当主语或宾语 -例句：口This is the book that|bought yesterday.(that代替先行词book,作宾语)口The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(who代替先行词girl,作主语) ·关系代词的基本用法 -who(指代人，可作主语/宾语)：He is the teacher who helped me.(作主语)The boy who you met yesterday is Tom.(作宾语，可省略) -which(指代物，可作主语/宾语)：The bike which is new belongs to me.(作主语)/This is the pen which I lost.(作宾语，可省略) -that(指代人或物，可作主语/宾语，避免与先行词重复)：She is the student that won the prize.(指 人，作主语)/The cat that is black is very cute.(指物，作主语) ·常见使用规侧 一先行词指人时，可用who或that;指物时，可用which或that -当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that:I like the stories and writers that are interesting. -当先行词被最高级、序数词或all/any/no等限定词修饰时，常用that:This is the best film that I have ever seen 【即学即练】 1.【关系代词指代】先行词为"the boy”时，可使用的关系代词不包括？ A.who B.that C.which D.无正确选项 2.【句法功能】在句子"The book that I bought is new.”中，that充当_ (主语宾语) 3.【使用规则】先行词被最高级修饰时，常用的关系代词是？ A.who B.which C.that D.whom 4.【先行词类型】先行词既有人又有物时，只能用的关系代词是？ A.who B.that C.which D.where 5.【省略规则】当关系代词在从句中充当时，可省略（主语/宾语）。 初三|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 知识点二：关系代词that/who/which的特殊用法与省略规则 ·关系代词的省略条件 一当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语（动词宾语或介词宾语）时，可省略 -例句：口The movie(that)we watched last night was exciting.(that作watched的宾语，可省略)口 This is the teacher(who)I respect most..(who作respect的宾语，可省略)☐The house(which)they built is sold out..(which作built的宾语，可省略) ·必须使用that的四种情况 -先行词被形容词最高级修饰时：This is the most beautiful painting that I have ever seen. 一先行词被序数词修饰时：The first lesson that we learned was about grammar.. -先行词被al,every,no,any,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时：All the books that you need are here. -先行词同时包含人和物时：They talked about the people and things that interested them. ·介词前置时的特殊规则 -当介词提前到关系代词前时，只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，不能用that或who -例句：口This is the house in which I lived.(代替where,不可用that)口The girl with whom you talked is my cousin.(代替who,不可用that) 一注意：介词前置时关系代词不可省略 ·非限制性定语从句的用法 -用逗号与主句隔开，起补充说明作用，不可用tht -which可指代整个主句内容，who指代人 -例句：口My father,who is a doctor,.works very hard.(who指代father,.补充说明)口He passed the exam,which made his parents happy..(which指代前面整个句子) ·固定搭配中的特殊用法 -当先行词是way(方式)时，关系代词可用that或省略，不用which -例句：Idon't like the way(that)he speaks. -当先行词是reason时，关系代词可用why或that或省略 -例句：That is the reason(why/that)I was late. 知识点三：定语从句的特殊句型与中考高频考点 ·关系副词where/when/why的替代用法 -基础规则（中考必考）：口where=介词+which(表地点)→例句：This is the city where/in which I was born.☐when=介词+which(表时间)→例句：I still remember the day when/on which we first met.Dwhy=for which(表原因)→例句：Tell me the reason why/for which you were absent. -特殊注意：·若关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，仍需用that/which/who·例句：The factory where he works is large.(作状语，用where)→The factory that/which produces cars is large.(作主语，用 that/which ·中考常见固定句型 -指物时只能用that的情况（易错点）：口先行词是al,everything,nothing等不定代词时→例句：Al that we need is water..口先行词被the only,the very,.the last修饰时→例句：This is the very book that I want.口主句是以who/which开头的疑问句时→例句：ho that has seen the film will forget it? -指人时只能用who的情况：O先行词是one,ones,anyone时→例句：Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.☐在there be句型中→例句：There is a man who wants to see you. ·中考写作高级表达技巧 -”介词+关系代词”结构（满分作文必备）：口with whom→例句：The boy with whom I studied is now a doctor..☐for which→例句：That's the reason for which he was praised.in which→例句：I like the way in which he teaches English. -分割定语从句（提升句子复杂度）：·主句谓语较短时，可将定语从句后置→例句：A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us music ·中考真题经典错误辨析 -错误类型1：关系代词重复This is the book that-十bought it yesterday:.→This is the book that I bought yesterday. -错误类型2：混淆关系代词与关系副词This is the-school where visited last year..→This is the school that/.which I visited last year.(visited需要宾语) -错误类型3：误用非限制性定语从句My brother,that is a doctor,works in Beijing.→My brother, who is a doctor,works in Beijing. ·必背口诀记忆法”人who物that,同用that要记牢逗号隔开不用that,介词之后不用that主宾表语可省 略，只剩状语要小心时间原因和地点，when/why/where替” 初三|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 考法一：关系代词的基本用法辨析 ·核心：根据先行词的类型（人物人+物)及关系代词在从句中的成分（主语宾语），选择正确的关系代 词that/who/which ·真题1（单项选择）： -The girl_is wearing a red dress is my sister. A.who B.which C.whose D.whom -答案：A解析：先行词the girl指人，且关系代词在从句中作主语，应用who。 ·真题2（单项选择）： This is the bike_my father bought for me. A.who B.which C.what D.whose -答案：B解析：先行词the bike指物，关系代词在从句中作bought的宾语，可用which或that,选 项中只有which,故答案为B。 考法二：关系代词that/who/which的选择与省略规则综合运用 ·核心：结合先行词类型、关系代词在从句中的成分及特殊使用规则，判断关系代词的正确选用或省略 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The girl_is standing under the tree is my best friend. -答案：who/that解析：先行词the girl指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，可用who或that ·真题2（完形填空）： -This is the story_my mother told me last night. A.who B.which C.whose D.when 一答案：B解析：先行词the story指物，关系代词在从句中作told的宾语，可用which或that,选项中 只有B符合；A用于指人，C表所属关系，D表时间，均不符合语境 考法三：定语从句的综合运用 ·核心：根据先行词指代对象（人物/时间/地点等）选择正确的关系词(that/who/which/where/when/why), 并注意关系词在从句中的成分（主语/宾语状语）及特殊规则（省略、介词前置、限制性与非限制性等） ·真题1（单项选择）： -The boy_won the singing competition is from Class 3.We all admire him. A.which B.who C.what D.where -答案：B解析：先行词“the boy”指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，不可省略。指人作主语时用who 或that,但选项无that,故选who。which指物，what不引导定语从句，where作状语。 ·真题2（语法填空）： This is the villagemy grandfather grew up.He often tells stories about it. -答案：where或in which解析：先行词“the village”表地点，且从句中“grew up?”为不及物短语，缺 少地点状语，故用关系副词where(=in which)。若填that或which则错误，因从句不缺主语或宾语。 初三|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-初三全一册资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题，聚焦核心考点） 1.The girl_helped me with my homework is my deskmate. A.who B.which C.whose D.what 2.This is the best movie _I have ever seen A.who B.which C.that D.what 3.I like the stories_are about friendship and courage. A.who B.which C.what D.whom 4.The first lesson_we learned this term was about environment A.who B.which C.that D.what 5.All the books_you need are on the shelf. A.who B.which C.that D.whom 6.The house_they built last year is very beautiful. A.who B.which C.what D.whom 7.He is the teacher _I respect most in my school. A.who B.which C.whose D.what 8.The boy_you met at the party is my cousin. A.who B.which C.what D.where 9.This is the city_I was born. A.who B.which C.where D.what 10.They talked about the people and things_they saw during the trip. A.who B.which C.that D.what 演练二：填空（共10题，句子） 11.The book_I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 12.The girl_is wearing a blue coat is my sister. 13.This is the pen_I lost yesterday. 14.The teacher_we met this morning is from America. 15.The movie_we watched last night was very exciting. 16.The house_my uncle built is very big. 17.The student_won the first prize is very hard-working. 18.This is the most delicious food_I have ever eaten. 19.The first thing_I do after school is to do my homework. 20.All the friends_I invited to the party came on time. 演练三：语法填空（一篇文章，共10空，侧重重难点） I live in a small town_21-is surrounded by mountains.My house_22 is near the river is very old. There is a park in our town_23_many children like to play.The park has a big tree24is more than 100 years old.My grandmother often tells me stories about the tree_25_she played under when she was young.There is a library in the town-26I often go to read books.The librarian27_works there is very kind.She recommends many good books_28_I like.The best book_29_I have read this year is"The Old Man and the Sea".I will never forget the story_30_tells us to be brave. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.C3.B4.C5.C6.B7.A8.A9.C10.C 演练二：填空试题 11.that/which(可省略) 12.who/that13.that/which(可省略)14.who/that(可省略)15. that/which(可省略) 16.that/which(可省略)17.who/that18.that19.that20.that/who(可省略) 演练三：语法填空 21.that/which 22.that/which 23.where/in which 24.that/which 25.that/which ( 26.where/in which 27.who/that 28.that/which (29.that 30.that/which 初三|英语引人教版