系统词种类和用法-备战2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教牛津版）

ENGLISH初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） Chapter1系统词种类和用法 考频分析 系统词种类和用法是中考英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的20%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单 项选择(23题)、完形填空(3-4题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子完整性与 准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，系统词的种类辨析和用法掌握往往是解题关键。 老查内容 中考对系统词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·系统词种类辨析：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词、冠词的词性特征与分类标准； ·系统词语法功能：各类系统词在句中充当主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等成分的用法规则： ·系统词搭配应用：不同系统词之间的固定搭配（如介词与名词、形容词与副词）及语境中的选择策略。 精讲精练 知识点一：系统词种类和用法 ·系动词（无实义，后接表语） -常见类型：be动词(am/is/are/was/were)、感官动词(look/sound/taste/smell/feel)、变化类动词 (become/get/turn/grow) -例句：口The cake tastes sweet.(感官系动词，后接形容词作表语)口He became a doctor last year. (变化类系动词，后接名词作表语) ·实义动词（有具体含义，可独立作谓语） -及物动词（后接宾语）：eat(I吃)、visit(参观)→例句：She visited her grandparents yesterday.. 一不及物动词（不接宾语，或需加介词后接宾语）：run(跑)、listen(听)→例句：He runs fast..IShe listens to music every evening. ·情态动词（表语气，后接动词原形） -常见情态动词：can/could(能力/许可)、may/might(许可I推测)、must/have to(必须)、should (建议) -例句：口You can borrow this book from the library.(表能力)He must finish his homework before 9p.m.(表必须) ·助动词（无实义，辅助构成时态/语态/疑问句） -常见助动词：do/does/did(辅助实义动词构成疑问句/否定句)、be(辅助构成进行时I被动语态)、 have/has(辅助构成完成时) -例句：口Do you like English?(do铺助构成一般现在时疑问句)口They have finished their homework. (have辅助构成现在完成时) 【即学即练】 1.【系动词辨析】Which of the following is a sense linking verb？ A.become B.feel C.am D.get 2.【实义动词分类】请判断"'listen”是及物动词还是不及物动词： 3.【情态动词用法】一_you swim？-Yes,Ican. A.Must B.Can C.Should D.May 4.【助动词应用】They_(finish)their homework yet.(用have/has填空) 5.【动词功能辨析】情态动词的核心特征是后接 (动词形式)，不能独立作谓语。 初三上丨英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 知识点二：核心情态动词和连词用法 ·情态动词（表示能力、许可、推测、义务等） 1.can/could(能力、许可) -can表现在/将来能力：结构：主语+can+动词原形例句：She can speak English fluently.(她能 流利说英语) -could表过去能力或委婉请求：结构：主语+could+动词原形例句：I could swim when I was five, (我五岁时会游泳)Could you help me？(能帮我吗？) -否定式：cant/couldn't+动词原形例句：He can't play the piano.(他不会弹钢琴) 2.may/might(许可、推测) -may表许可（正式）：结构：主语+may+动词原形例句：You may leave the room now.(你现在 可以离开房间) -might表推测（可能性低）：结构：主语+might+动词原形例句：It might rain tomorrow.(明天可 能下雨) -否定式：may not/might not例句：You may not take photos here..(这里不允许拍照) 3.must/have to(义务、必须) -must表主观必须（说话人要求）：结构：主语+must+动词原形例句：We must finish homework on time.(我们必须按时完成作业) -have to表客观需要（外界要求）：结构：主语+have/has to+动词原形（三单has to)例句：She has to wear a uniform at school..(她在学校必须穿校服) -否定式：mustn't(禁止)Idon't have to(不必)例句：You mustn't run in the hallway.(禁止在走 廊跑)You don't have to come early.(你不必早来) 4.should/ought to(建议、责任) 一结构：主语+should ought to+动词原形(ought to后接动词原形)例句：You should brush your teeth twice a day.(你应该每天刷两次牙)/We ought to help others..(我们应该帮助别人) -否定式：shouldn't/ought not to例句：He shouldn't eat too much candy.(他不应该吃太多糖) ·并列连词（连接单词、短语或句子） 1.and(并列、顺承)用法：连接同类成分，表示“和；并且”例句：I like apples and bananas.(我喜 欢苹果和香蕉)She opened the door and walked in.(她开门走了进去) 2.but(转折)用法：连接对比或相反内容，表示“但是”例句：He is young but very smart..(他年轻 但很聪明)/I tried hard,but I failed.(我努力了，但失败了) 3.or(选择、否定句并列)用法：表选择“或者”；否定句中代替and表并列例句：Do you like tea or coffee？(你喜欢茶还是咖啡？)Idon't like math or science.(我不喜欢数学和科学) 4.so(结果)用法：连接因果关系中的结果，表示“所以”例句：It was raining,so we stayed at home.. (下雨了，所以我们待在家里) ·从属连词（引导从句） 1.because(原因状语从句)用法：引导原因，后接句子，不能与so连用例句：I was late because I missed the bus.(我迟到了因为错过了公交车) 2.f(条件状语从句)用法：引导条件“如果”，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）例句： If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里) 3.when /while(时间状语从句)用法：when可接延续/非延续性动词；while接延续性动词（进行时） 例句：I was reading when the phone rang.(电话响时我正在读书)//hile she was cooking,Iwas cleaning.(她做饭时我在打扫) 4.that if/whether(宾语从句连接词)用法：that无意义（可省略）；if/whether表“是否”（不可省 略)例句：She said(that)she was happy.(她说她很高兴)/Idon't know if he will come.(我不知道 他是否会来) 知识点三：情态动词 ·基础含义及用法（中考必背） 1.can(能/会/可以)→例句：I can speak English and Chinese.(表能力) 2.may(可以/可能)→例句：May I use your pen?(表请求，肯定回答用Yes,you may..) 3.must(必须/肯定)→例句：You must finish your homework first.(表义务) 4.should(应该/应当)→例句：Ve should help each other..(表建议) 5.will(将要/愿意)→例句：I will visit my uncle next week.(表将来) 6.would(将要/愿意，will的过去式)→例句：She said she would come back soon.(过去将来时) 7.need(需要，否定形式为needn't)→例句：You needn't worry about me.(表不必) 8.had better(最好)→例句：You had better go to bed early.(表建议，否定形式为had better not) ·否定及疑问形式（中考易错） 1.can't(不能不可能)→例句：He can't swim across the river..(表能力否定) 2.mustn't(禁止)→例句：You mustn't park here.(表禁止，区别于needn't“不必") 3.needn't(不必)→例句：Need I go now?→No,you needn't.(疑问句及回答) 4.may not(可能不/不可以)→例句：It may not rain tomorrow.(表推测否定) ·情态动词表推测（中考核心） 1.must(肯定推测，用于肯定句)→例句：The book must be Lucy's.(一定是露西的) 2.may/might(可能推测，may可能性高于might)→例句：She may come to the party.(可能会来) 3.can't(否定推测，用于否定句)→例句：He can't be at home.(不可能在家) 4.could(委婉推测，用于疑问句)→例句：Could this be your key?(可能是你的钥匙吗) ·中考易错点辨析 1.情态动词表推测的误用： -He mustn't be at home.→He can't be at home.(否定推测用can't,mustn't表禁止) -It can rain tomorrow.→It may/might rain tomorrow.(肯定推测用may/might,can不用于肯定 推测表可能性) 2.must与have to的混淆： -十nust wear a uniform at school.→I have to wear a uniform at school.(学校要求是客观需要， 用have to) -e don't must finish it today.→We don't have to finish it today.(must无否定式don't must,. 需用don't have to) 3.连词because与so的连用错误： -Beeause it rained,se-we stayed at heme.-Because it rained,we stayed at home.(because 与s0不能连用，二选一) 4.when与while的用法混淆： -/hile the bell rang,+was reading.→When the bell rang,I was reading.(ring为非延续性动词， 用when) 初三上」英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 考法一：情态动词can/could用法辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断can(现在/将来能力、许可)或could(过去能力、委婉请求)的使用，掌握基本 结构和否定式 ·真题1（语法填空）： She_(swim)very fast when she was young,but now she_(not swim)because of an injury -答案：could swim,can't swim解析：第一空由时间标志词"when she was young”可知表过去能力，用 could+动词原形；第二空由”now”可知表现在能力否定，用can't+动词原形。 ·真题2（单项选择）： ---you help me carry this heavy box? --Sure,no problem A.can B.could C.must D.should 一答案：B解析：根据语境”帮我搬箱子”可知为委婉请求，应用coud表委婉语气，符合coud用于委 婉请求的用法。 考法二：情态动词表推测与连词辨析 ·核心：结合语境判断情态动词表推测的用法(must/may/might/can't)，并正确使用从属连词(be- cause/if/when)连接句子 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The girl_be Lucy because she has long hair,but I'm not sure.If she_come,she will bring a gift. -答案：might will解析：第一空由“but'm not sure”可知表不确定推测，用might;第二空if引导条 件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，主句用将来时will come。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --Where is Tom?Hebe in the library. --No,he can't.I saw him playing basketball_I walked past the playground. A.must when B.may because C.can if D.might while -答案：A解析：第一空表肯定推测“一定”用ust;第二空引导时间状语从句，wak为非延续性动 词，用when(while接延续性动词进行时)。 考法三：情态动词与连词的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境判断情态动词表推测义务许可的含义，掌握并列连词(and/but/orso)和从属连词 (if/because)的逻辑关系 ·真题1（单项选择）： You__finish your homework first,_you can't watch TV tonight. A.must;or B.may;so C.can;but D.need;because -答案：A解析：第一空根据”can't watch TV”(不能看电视)的结果，可知前句表”必须”完成作业，用 must;第二空连接条件与结果，表”否则”，用or。 ·真题2（语法填空）： We couldn't go to the park yesterday_it rained heavily.My mother suggested we_read books at home instead. -答案：because;should解析：第一空后句”下大雨”是前句”不能去公园”的原因，用从属连词because; 第二空”suggested”(建议)后接情态动词should表建议，should可省略但此处需填原形。 初三上丨英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初三上系列资料（沪教牛津版） 解题小妙招 情态动词解题妙招 can表现在将来能与可，could过去委婉记心窝； 推测must一定may可能，can't否定might不确定； 义务许可must与may,should建议别忘怀。 连词运用有逻辑，and并列but转折； or否则so结果，because因果要明确； if条件when时间，主从时态要分辨。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.My brother-ride a bike when he was six,but now he_drive a car. A.can could B.could can C.may must D.must should 2.-I use your dictionary for a minute?-Sure,here you are. A.Must B.Should C.May D.Need 3.Yourun in the hallway.It's dangerous! A.mustn't B.needn't C.may not D.can't 4.The light is on in his room,so he-be at home. A.must B.may C.might D.can't 5.I didn't go to school yesterday_I had a bad cold. A.so B.because C.if D.when 6.it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman. A.Because B.So C.If D.But 7.She was reading a book_her mother came back. A.when B.while C.because D.if 8.-Do you like singingdancing?-I like both. A.and B.but C.or D.so 9.You_finish your homework now,but you_hand it in tomorrow. A.must needn't B.needn't must C.can mustn't D.may can't 10.This backpackbe Lily's.Hers has a red pattern on it. A.must B.may C.might D.can't 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We _(visit)the museum next Sunday if the weather is fine.can/may) 2.My father_(not swim)when he was young,but now he swims every day.can/could) 3.You_(study)hard,or you will fail the exam.(用must/should填空) 4.It was raining heavily,we stayed at home all day.(用并列连词填空) 5.The girl_be Mary.She has gone to Beijing.(用表推测的情态动词填空) 6.I don't like coffee_tea.I prefer juice.(用并列连词填空) 7.一you help me with my English?'m not good at it.(用could/can填空，表委婉请求) 8.He _speak three languages when he was ten years old.can/could) 9._she is very young,she knows a lot about history.(用从属连词填空) 10.You_(not park)here.There is a"No Parking”sign.(用must/may填空) 演练三：语法填空（共10空） It was Saturday morning.Tom 1_(can/may)sleep late,but he got up early because he planned to visit his grandparents.He 2(must/should)take a bus because his grandparents'home is far.When he arrived, his grandma was cooking lunch."You 3(mustn't/needn't)help me,"she said,"but you 4(can/may)set the table.” After lunch,Tom and his grandpa went for a walk.They saw a little dog."It 5(must/may)be lost,"said Tom,"because it has no collar()."They decided to wait there.6(When/While)they were waiting,a girl ran."Is this your dog?"Tom asked.The girl said yes and thanked them. In the evening,Tom wanted to leave.His grandma gave him some cookies."You 7_(must/should)eat them tomorrow,"she said."They 8(can't/may not)go bad quickly."Tom said goodbye and promised, "I 9(will/would)visit you next weekend."His grandpa smiled and said,"We 10(might/can)go fishing together then." 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.A4.A5.B6.C7.A8.C9.B10.D 演练二：填空试题 1.can/may 2.couldn't 3.must/should 4.so 5.can't 6.or 7.Could 8.could 9.Although/Though 10.mustn't 演练三：语法填空 1.could 2.had to 3.needn't 4.can/may 5.must 6.While 7.should 8.can't 9.will 10.might 初三上丨英语|沪教牛津版