形容词和副词基本用法-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教牛津版）

ENGLISH初一系列资料（沪教牛津版） Chapter1形容词和副词基本用法 考频分析 形容词和副词是中考英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型：单项 选择(34题)、完形填空(23题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（关键考察，直接影响描述的生动性与 准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，形容词和副词的比较级、最高级及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 老查内容 中考对形容词和副词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本功能辨析：形容词修饰名词代词（作定语、表语、宾语补足语），副词修饰动词形容词/副词/句子 (作状语)的核心区别； ·比较等级应用：原级(as.as.)、比较级(-er/more.than.…)、最高级(-est/most..in/of.)的构成规 则与语境匹配； ·常见易混词辨析：hard与hardly、.good与well、Iate与lately等近形近义词语义及用法差异。 精讲精练 知识点一：形容词和副词基本用法 ·形容词（修饰名词代词，表性质状态） 一功能位置：作定语（位于名词前）、表语（位于系动词后） -例句：口She has a red apple..(定语，修饰名词apple)口The story is interesting.(表语，位于系动 词is后) ·副词（修饰动词/形容词其他副词，表方式/程度时间等） -常见类型：方式副词(quickly/slowly)、程度副词(very/quite)、时间副词(often/always) -例句：口He runs quickly.(修饰动词runs,表方式)口This book is very interesting.(修饰形容词 interesting,表程度) ·形容词与副词的转化规侧 -一般规则：形容词+ly→副词(careful→carefully;slow→slowly) -特殊变化：good-well;fast-fast;hard→hard -例句：口She is a good singer.(形容词good修饰名词singer)She sings wel‖.（副词well修饰动 词sings) ·形容词与副词的区别使用 一根据修饰对象判断：修饰名词用形容词，修饰动词形容词/副词用副词 -例句：口He is a quick runner.(形容词quick修饰名词runner)口He runs quickly.(副词quickly修 饰动词runs) 【即学即练】 1.【形容词功能】"The girl is happy..”中happy的语法功能是？ A.定语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语 2.【形容词变副词】请写出"careful'”的副词形式： 3.【副词修饰对象】"He runs very fast.”中very修饰的是？ A.动词runs B.副词fast C.名词he D.整个句子 4.【特殊转化】”good”对应的副词形式是？ A.goodly B.well C.good D.better 初一丨英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（沪教牛津版） 知识点二：形容词和副词基本用法拓展 ·形容词（修饰名词代词，表性质、状态） 1.基本位置 -名词前：a beautiful girl(美丽的女孩)、red apples(红色的苹果) -系动词后：He is tall..(他很高)、The flowers look beautiful.(花看起来很漂亮) 2.常用系动词 -be(是)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、feel(感觉)、become (变得)、get(变得) -例句： *口The soup tastes delicious.(delicious修饰soup,位于系动词tastes后) *☐She became angry after hearing the news.(angry修饰she,位于系动词became后) 3.比较级和最高级（规则变化） -比较级：一般在词尾加-er,如tall-taller(更高的)；以不发音e结尾加-r,如nice→nicer(更好 的)；重读闭音节双写尾字母加-er,如big-bigger(更大的)；以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er, 如easy→easier(更容易的) -最高级：一般在词尾加-est,如tal→tallest(最高的)；以不发音e结尾加-st,如nice-nicest(最 好的)；重读闭音节双写尾字母加-est,如big-biggest(最大的)；以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i 加-est,如easy→easiest(最容易的) 一例句： *口Tom is taller than Mike.(taller为tall的比较级，用于两者比较) *口This is the biggest apple in the basket.(biggest为big的最高级，用于三者及以上比较，前 加the)》 ·副词（修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子，表时间、地点、方式、程度等） 1.基本位置 -修饰动词：通常位于动词后，如run fast(跑得快)、speak loudly(大声说)；也可位于句首或句尾 表强调，如Quickly,he finished his homework.(他很快完成了作业) -修饰形容词/副词：位于被修饰词前，如very tall(非常高)、quite easily(相当容易地) 一例句： *She sings well..(well修饰动词sings,位于其后) *口He is very handsome.(very修饰形容词handsome,位于其前) 2.常见副词分类 -方式副词：slowly(慢慢地)、carefully(仔细地)、happily(开心地) -时间副词：now(现在)、yesterday(昨天)、soon(很快)、already(已经) -地点副词：here(这里)、there(那里)、everywhere(到处) -程度副词：very(非常)、quite(相当)、too(太)、so(如此) 一例句： *口They walked slowly in the park.(slowly为方式副词，修饰动词walked) *口I have already eaten breakfast.(already为时间副词，修饰动词eaten) 3.形容词变副词（规则变化） -一般在形容词后加-y,如quick-→quickly(快速地)、carefu→carefully(仔细地) -以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，变y为i加-ly,如easy→easily(容易地)、happy-happily(开 心地) -以le结尾的形容词，去e加-y,如gentle→gently(温柔地)入、simple→simply(简单地) 一例句： *☐He writes carefully.(careful-→carefully,修饰动词writes) *口She speaks English fluently.(fluent-→fluently,修饰动词speaks) 知识点三：形容词和副词进阶用法及中考易错点 ·形容词(Adjective) 一基础出用法拓展（中考必背）： *口作定语修饰名词（放在名词前）→例句：She has a red apple.(她有一个红苹果。) *口作表语（放在系动词后）→例句：The flowers are beautiful..(这些花很漂亮。) *口修饰不定代词（放在不定代词后）→例句：I have something important to tell you.(我有重要的 事告诉你。) *口形容词+enough(足够…)→例句：The room is big enough for five people.(这个房间足够 五个人住。) *口too+形容词（太…）→例句：The box is too heavy for me to carry.(这个箱子太重，我搬不 动。) -常见形容词辨析（中考易错）： *口interesting(令人感兴趣的)vs interested(感兴趣的)→例句：The book is interesting.(这本 书很有趣。)/He is interested in music.(他对音乐感兴趣。) *口excited(感到兴奋的)vs exciting(令人兴奋的)→例句：e are excited about the news..(我 们对这个消息感到兴奋。)/t's an exciting trip.(这是一次令人兴奋的旅行。) *口good(形容词)vs well(副词，形容身体好时为形容词)→例句：She is a good singer.(她是 个好歌手。)/He sings well.(他唱得好。)/You look well today..(你今天气色好。) ·副词(Adverb) 一基础用法拓展（中考必背）： *口修饰动词（放在动词后或句末）→例句：She runs fast.(她跑得快。) *口修饰形容词（放在形容词前）→例句：lt's a very hot day.(今天很热。) *口修饰副词（放在副词前）→例句：He speaks English quite well.(他英语说得相当好。) *·疑问副词(how/where/when/why)→例句：How do you get to school?(你怎么去学校) *口频度副词(always/often/som etimes/never,,放在be动词后、实义动词前)→例句：She always gets up early..(她总是早起。)They are often late for class.(他们经常上课迟到。) -常见副词辨析（中考易错）： *·hard(努力地)vs hardly(几乎不)→例句：He works hard every day.(他每天努力工作。)II hardly ever watch TV.(我几乎不看电视。) *口late(晚地)vs lately(最近)→例句：He came late yesterday.(他昨天来晚了。)/Have you seen him lately?(你最近见过他吗？) *口already(已经，用于肯定句)vs yet(已经I还，用于否定句和疑问句)→例句：I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成作业了。)Have you finished yet?(你完成了吗？) ·形容词与副词的比较级和最高级（规则变化） 一基础变化规则（中考必背）： *口单音节词：直接加-er(比较级)kest(最高级)→tall→taller-tallest(高的)；fast-→faster.-→fastest (快的) *口以-e结尾：加-rl-st→nice-nicer-nicest(好的)；large-larger-largest(大的) *口以“辅音+y”结尾：变y为i加-erl-est→happy--happier-happiest(开心的) easy→easier-→easiest(容易的) *口双音节词和多音节词：在词前加more/most→beautiful-→nore beautiful-→nost beautiful(美丽 的)；carefully-more carefully-most carefully(仔细地) 一常用句型（中考核心）： *口比较级：A+be动词/动词+比较级+than+B→Tom is taller than Mike.(汤姆比迈克高。)/ She runs faster than me.(她跑得比我快。) *口最高级：A+be动词/动词+the+最高级+in/of.→He is the tallest in his class.(他是班上最 高的。)/This is the most interesting book’ve ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书。) *口比较级+and+比较级（越来越…）→The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天气越来 越暖和了。) *口the+比较级.，the+比较级..（越…，越…）→The harder you study,the better grades you will get..(你学习越努力，成绩就越好。) ·中考易错点辨析 1.形容词与副词修饰对象混淆： -He is a quickly runner..→He is a quick runner.(修饰名词runner用形容词quick) -She sings geed.→She sings well.(修饰动词sings用副词well) 2.比较级和最高级用法错误： -Tom is tall than Mike.→Tom is taller than Mike.(两者比较用比较级taller) -This is biggest apple in the basket.→This is the biggest apple in the basket.(最高级前需加 the) 3.易混副词词义误用： -hard ever eat junk food.→I hardly ever eat junk food.(hardly表示“几乎不”，hard表示“努 力地”) -Have you finished your homewerk already?-Have you finished your homework yet? 句中用yet表示“已经”) 4.形容词修饰不定代词位置错误 -have important-something to tell you.→I have something important to tell you.(形容词修饰 不定代词需后置) 初一|英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH初一系列资料（沪教牛津版） 考法一：形容词与副词基本用法辨析 ·核心：根据修饰对象（名词/动词形容词/副词）判断使用形容词或副词 ·真题1（语法填空）： The girl sings very_(beautiful).Everyone likes her voice. -答案：beautifully解析：修饰动词sings需用副词，beautiful的副词形式为beautifully。. ·真题2（单项选择）： -This story is so_that all the students are_in it. A.interesting;interested B.interested;interesting C.interesting;interesting D.interested:interested -答案：A解析：第一空修饰名词story用interesting(令人感兴趣的)，第二空修饰人students用 interested(感兴趣的)，be interested in为固定搭配。 考法二：形容词与副词的语法功能辨析 ·核心：根据修饰对象（名词动词形容词/副词）判断使用形容词或副词，并结合转化规则正确变形 ·真题1（语法填空）： She is a_(care)student and she always does her homework_(care). 一答案：careful carefully解析：第一空修饰名词student用形容词careful;第二空修饰动词does用副 词carefully,,由形容词care加-ly转化而来。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The music sounds_and she dances_. A.beautiful beautiful B.beautifully beautifully C.beautiful beautifully D.beautifully beautiful -答案：C解析：第一空位于系动词sounds后作表语，修饰名词music用形容词beautiful;第二空修 饰动词dances用副词beautifully,由形容词beautiful加-ly转化而来。 考法三：形容词与副词的综合运用及比较等级 ·核心：结合语境辨析形容词与副词的功能，掌握比较级和最高级的规则变化及常用句型 ·真题1（单项选择）： Tom runs_than any other student in his class.He is the_runner. A.faster fastest B.fast fastest C.faster faster D.fast faster -答案：A解析：第一空根据“than”可知用比较级，fast的比较级为faster;第二空由“the”及语境 “班级里”（三者以上比较）可知用最高级，fast的最高级为fastest。 ·真题2（语法填空）： My mother cooks_(careful)than my father.Her dishes are the_(delicious)in my family. -答案：more carefully most delicious解析：第一空修饰动词“cooks”需用副词，careful的副词为 carefully,根据“than”可知用比较级，多音节副词比较级加more;第二空由“the”及“in my family'”(三 者以上比较)可知用最高级，delicious为多音节形容词，最高级加most。 解题小妙招 形容词副词妙招 修饰名词用形容，修饰动副形用副； be系感官后接形，固定搭配要记清； 形变副词加y,特殊变化需留意； 比较级看than,最高级前有the; 单音直接加er/est,多音词前more/most; 综合运用看语境，功能等级两分明。 初一|英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（沪教牛津版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.Lucy is a_girl and she speaks English_ A.good well B.well good C.good good D.well well 2.The cake tastes_and sells_. A.well good B.goodgood C.good well D.well well 3.This movie is so_that many people arein it. A.excited exciting B.exciting excited C.exciting exciting D.excited excited 4.He runs_than his brother.and he is the _runner in his school A.faster fastest B.fast fastest C.fasterfaster D.fast faster 5.My mother always gets up_,but my father gets up_than her. A.early earlier B.earlier early C.early early D.earlier earlier 6.The music sounds_,and she dances_. A.beautiful beautiful B.beautifullybeautifully C.beautiful beautifully D.beautifully beautiful 7.Which subject do you like_,math or science? A.good B.better C.best D.well 8.He works_every day,but his brotherworks. A.hardhard B.hardly hard C.hard hardly D.hardly hardly 9.This is the_story I have ever heard. A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.interested 10.-How _is the red sweater?-It's 80 yuan.And it's_than the blue one. A.much cheaper B.many cheaper C.much cheap D.many cheap 演练二：填空试题（共0题，用括号内单词的适当形式填空） 1.She is a_(care)student and she always does her homework_(care). 2.The weather today is_(sun),and we feel very_(happy). 3.Tom runs(fast)than his friend,and he is the_(fast)runner in his class. 4.This book is_(interest),so many students are_(interest)in it. 5.My mother cooks_(good),but my father cooks_(well)than her. 6.The baby looks_(cute),and he laughs_(loud) 7.He studies_(hard)every day,but he_(hard)watches TV. 8.This problem is-(easy)than that one,and it's the_(easy)problem in the test. 9.The flowers smell(nice),and they grow_(quick)in spring.