祈使句-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教牛津版）

ENGL凵ISH-初一系列资料（沪教牛津版） Chapter1祈使句 考频分析 祈使句是中考英语句法的重要模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，主要分布在单项选择(1-2题)、完形 填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解句意）及书面表达（常用于提建议、发出指令等 场景，增强表达的直接性)。在语境应用类题目中，祈使句的语气判断、否定形式及省略主语的特点往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 中考对祈使句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本结构识别：肯定式（动词原形开头）、否定式(Don't/Never+-动词原形)的构成与辨析； ·语气与功能辨析：指令、请求、劝告、禁止等不同语境下祈使句的语气表达及适用场景； ·附加结构应用：以please加强语气、以Iet's构成提建议句型(Let's+动词原形)的用法规则。 精讲精练 知识点一：祈使句的结构及用法 ·肯定祈使句（动词原形开头） 一基本结构：动词原形+其他成分 -例句：口Open the door,,please.(打开门)口Stand up!(起立) ·否定祈使句(Don't+动词原形开头) -基本结构：Don't+动词原形+其他，成分 -例句：口Don't run in the hallways.(不要在走廊跑)口Don't be late for class.(上课不要迟到) ·祈使句的强调形式(Do+动词原形开头) 一基本结构：Do+动词原形+其他成分（表强调请求或命令） -例句：口Do come early tomorrow.(明天一定要早点来)口Do be quiet in the library.(在图书馆务必 保持安静) ·祈使句的委婉形式(Please开头/结尾) -基本结构：Please+动词原形../动词原形..+please -例句：口Please pass me the pen..(请递给我钢笔)口Close the window,please.(请关窗) 【即学即练】 1.【肯定祈使句结构】”_(open)the window,please.”空格处应填？ A.Open B.Opens C.Opening D.To open 2.【否定祈使句结构】请写出”不要在教室里吃东西”的英文： 3.【强调祈使句】”_(do)be careful!”'空格处应填？ A.Do B.Does C.Did D.Doing 4.【委婉祈使句】"Please close the door..”改写为结尾加please的形式： 5.【祈使句语气】祈使句"Never give up!”表达的语气是？ A.请求 B.禁止劝告 C.命令 D.建议 初一丨英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH初一系列资料（沪教牛津版） 知识点二：祈使句的结构与用法 ·肯定祈使句（表示命令、请求、建议） 1.基本结构：动词原形+其他成分（无主语，默认主语为you) 一例句： -口Open the window,please.(请打开窗户。) -·Stand up and answer the question..(站起来回答问题。) -口Let's go to the park this afternoon.(let's开头表建议，后接动词原形go) ·否定祈使句（表示禁止、劝阻） 1.基本结构：Dont+动词原形+其他成分 -例句： -·Don't talk in the library.(不要在图书馆说话。) -口Don't be late for class.(上课不要迟到。be动词原形直接加在don't后) -口No+名词/动名词（用于公共标识，表禁止) -例句：No smoking.(禁止吸烟。smoking为动名词) ·祈使句的强调形式 1.结构：Do+动词原形+其他成分（加强语气，意为“务必、一定”） -例句： -口Do come to my birthday party tomorrow.(明天一定要来我的生日派对。) -口Do be careful when crossing the road.(过马路时一定要小心。) ·祈使句的回答（常用will/won't表意愿） 1.肯定回答：OK/AII right/l will.. -例句：一Close the door,please.一OK,Iwil.(一请关上门。一好的，我会的。) 2.否定回答：Sorry,Iwon't. -例句：一Don't play computer games now..一Sorry,Iwon't.(一现在不要玩电脑游戏。一对不起， 我不玩了。) 知识点三：祈使句 ·肯定祈使句 一基础结构（中考必背）： *口动词原形开头→例句：Open the door,please *口Let+宾语+动词原形→例句：Let's play football after school. *口No+动名词（表禁止）→例句：No smoking in the library. -特殊用法（中考易错）： *口祈使句+and/or+简单句→例句：Study hard,and you will pass the exam *口用do加强语气→例句：Do come to my party tomorrow! ·否定祈使句 一基础结构（中考必背）： *口Don't+动词原形→例句：Don't be late for class. *口Let'snot+动词原形→例句：Let's not waste time. *口No+名词/动名词（表禁止）→例句：No photos here. -常见标志词（中考高频）： *☐please(请)→例句：Please close the window. *☐don't(不要)→例句：Don't talk loudly in the cinema. *口never(绝不)→例句：Never give up easily. ·祈使句的应答与转换 一中考常考应答： *口肯定应答：OK/Sure/All right.→例句：一Clean your room,Tom.一OK,Mom. *☐否定应答：Sorry,Iwon't.→例句：一Don't draw on the wall..一Sorry,I won't.. 一句型转换（中考核心）： *口祈使句→陈述句（主语you):Be quiet!!→You should be quiet. *口祈使句→疑问句：Turn off the light.→Mill you turn off the light'? ·中考易错点辨析 1.否定祈使句与No+动名词混淆： -Don't smeking in the reom.-Don't smoke in the room.No smoking in the room. 2.Lets句型否定形式错误： Don'tlet's waste time.-Let's not waste time. 3.祈使句中be动词遗漏： Don't late for class.Don't be late for class. 4.强调祈使句中do的形式错误： Does be quiet in-elass.-Do be quiet in class. 初一|英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH初一系列资料（沪教牛津版） 考法一：祈使句结构辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断祈使句类型（肯定、否定、强调等），选择或填写正确结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(be)quiet in the classroom,please. -答案：Be解析：由please可知为肯定祈使句，be动词原形直接开头，首字母大写。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --play football in the street.It's dangerous. --Sorry,I won't. A.Don't B.No C.Not D.Doesn't -答案：A解析：表示劝阻用否定祈使句，结构为Don't+动词原形，故选A。 考法二：祈使句结构辨析与改写 ·核心：根据语境判断祈使句类型（肯定、否定、强调、委婉），并进行结构转换或选择正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(be)quiet in the library,please. -答案：Be解析：由"please”可知为委婉肯定祈使句，用动词原形开头，be动词原形直接置于句首。 ·真题2（单项选择）： ---run in the hallways!It's dangerous. --Sorry,I won't. A.Don't B.No C.Do D.Let's -答案：A解析：根据句意”不要在走廊跑”，表示禁止，否定祈使句基本结构为”Dot+动词原形”，故 选A。 考法三：祈使句的综合运用 ·核心：掌握肯定、否定祈使句的基本结构及强调形式，能结合语境判断祈使句类型并正确转换或应答 ·真题1（单项选择）： --quiet in the library,please.It's a rule here. A.Be B.Don't be C.Do be D.Nobe 一答案：A解析：根据“please”及“quiet'”可知此处为肯定祈使句，be动词原形开头，基本结构为“动 词原形+其他成分”，表示请求“保持安静”。 ·真题2（语法填空）： --(not run)in the hallways,Tom.It's dangerous. --Sorry,I(not do)it again. -答案：Don'trun;wont解析：第一空根据语境表禁止，应用否定祈使句，结构为“Dont+动词原形”； 第二空为祈使句的否定回答，常用“Sorry,.I won't'”表示“对不起，我不会再做了”。 初一|英语|沪教牛津版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（沪教牛津版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.-the door before you leave the room. A.Open B.Opens C.Opening D.To open 2.-talk loudly in the cinema.It's impolite. A.Not B.Don't C.No D.Doesn't 3.-be late for school again,Mike. 4.-Sorry,I won't. A.Do B.Does C.Don't D.Let's 5._careful when you cross the street. A.Be B.Is C.Are D.Am 6.Let's _basketball after class. A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play 7.-smoke here.There's a "No smoking"sign. 8.-Oh,sorry. A.Not B.Don't C.No D.Doesn't 9._come to my house tomorrow.I'll cook for you. A.Do B.Does C.Did D.Doing 10.-quiet,please.The baby is sleeping. A.Tobe B.Being C.Be D.Been 11.-run in the hallway! 12.-OK,I won't. A.Can't B.Don't C.Mustn't D.Shouldn't 13.Let's not_too much time on computer games. A.spend B.spends C.spending D.to spend 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.(close)the window,please.It's cold outside. 2.(not eat)in the classroom.It's against the rule. 3.Let's_(go)to the supermarket this evening 4._(be)careful with the knife,or you may cut your hand. 5._(do)come to the party on Saturday.I really want to see you. 6.(not be)late for the meeting.It starts at 9:00. 7.No_(park)here.The sign says"No parking". 8.-(read)the instructions before you use the machine. 9.Let's not_(waste)water.It's important for us. 10._(turn)off the lights when you leave the room. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Dear students, Welcome to our school library!Please follow these rules: 1.-(keep)quiet in the reading area.No talking or laughing loudly.2.-(not bring)food or drinks into the library.They may damage the books.3.Let's_(take)care of the books.Don't write or draw on them. 4.-(return)the books on time.If you need more time,ask the librarian for help.5._(do)put the books back in the correct place after reading.6.-(not run)in the library.Walk slowly to avoid accidents.7. Let's not_(use)mobile phones here.If you must take a call,go outside.8.(be)polite to the librarians and other students.9.No_(smoke)in the library.It's dangerous and against the law.10.-(ask)for help if you can't find a book.Our librarians are happy to assist you. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.B3.C4.A5.A6.B7.A8.C9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.Close 2.Don't eat 3.go 4.Be 5.Do 6.Don't be 7.parking 8.Read 9.waste 10.Turn 演练三：语法填空 1.Keep 2.Don't bring 3.take 4.Return 5.Do 6.Don't run 7.use 8.Be 9.smoking 10.Ask 初一|英语|沪教牛津版