专题01 语法知识串讲（期末复习讲义）七年级英语上学期新教材北师大版

该初中英语期末复习讲义通过表格系统关联Unit1-4核心语法点、常考题型与命题趋势，以分层框架梳理名词、代词、冠词等知识点，如名词复数分规则变化（加s/es等）与不规则变化（man→men等），并设“易错点拨”模块突出重难点内在联系，构建清晰知识脉络。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础通关聚焦单句语法应用（如介词at/in/on辨析），重难突破以情境短文（祖孙音乐合作）融合多语法点，培养语言能力与文化意识。易混易错专项针对代词、名词复数等薄弱点，助力不同层次学生提升，为教师精准复习提供有力支持。

专题01 语法知识串讲（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-4 名词的数、名词所有格、 人称，物主，指示代词、冠词、时间介词，方位介词、There be句型、一般现在时 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 可数名词的单复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个用单数，两个或两个以上用复数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。可数名词复数形式的构成有规则和不规则变化两种： 知识点01 名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下： ①在单数名词词尾 。如：map → maps, boy→ boys, horse→ horses, table→ table。. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词 。如：class→classes, box→boxes, dish→dishes, bench→benches。. [注] 少数以o结尾的词,变复数时 。如：potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes，hero→heroes, ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词, 。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties。 ④以f或fe结尾的名词, 。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives。 知识点02名词复数的不规则变化 A,元音或词尾发生变化。如：man→ , woman→ , tooth→ , foot→ , child→ , mouse→ 等。 B.单复数形式相同。如：Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish等。 C.形式为单数意思为复数。如：people(人们), police(警察)等。如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如： ①一个人a people (×)；a person(√) ②一名警察a police(×)；a policeman/policewoman(√)。 D.形式为复数意思为单数。如：physics, mathematics/maths, the United States, Niagara Falls, news, falls等。 E.只有复数形式的名词，如：trousers, clothes, chopsticks, glasses, scissors, compasses等。 F.集体名词的数。视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。如：family, class, team, group等。 G.由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。如：an Englishman, two Englishmen 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans。由man, woman作定语时，它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定，如：a man worker→ 等。 易｜错｜点｜拨 【注意】其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。 如：an apple tree→two apple trees; a shoe shop→two shoe shops等。 H,表示某国人的名词单数变复数遵循以下原则： ①中日不变，如：Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese； ②英法变，如：Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen； ③其余把s加后面，如：American→Americans, German→Germans。 名词的所有格 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下： (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加 。如：Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)。 (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加 。如：Teachers’ Day(教师节)。 (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s。 如：today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口)。 (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿)。 易｜错｜点｜拨 ① ’s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)。 ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如： bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)。 ③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)。 冠词 知识点01不定冠词的用法 不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。 不定冠词的基本用法： (1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。 There is dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。) (2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。 elephant is much stronger than man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。) (3) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。 He is teacher of English.(他是英语教师。) (4) 表示“一”这个数量。 There is table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。) (5) 几个用不定冠词的习语： a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。 知识点02定冠词的基本用法 (1)表示特指的人或事物。 man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克) (2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。 Look at blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。) (3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。 There is man under the tree. man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。) (4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。 earth turns around sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。) (5)用在表示方位的名词前面。 There will be strong wind to south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。) (6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。 Who is first one to go?(谁第一个去？) Of all the stars, the sun is nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近) (7)常用在乐器名称的前面。 He began to play violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴) (8)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。 I have never been to Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山) (9)用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。 He is from United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国) (10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。 Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山) (11)same之前一般用the。 Lucy and Lily look same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样) (12)几个用定冠词的习语： at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 知识点03不用冠词的情况 (1)专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。 China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2)名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。 My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了) (3)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。 He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树) (4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。 Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明) (5)三餐饭前不用。 We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭) (6)节、假日前一般不用。 On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物) (7)球类名词前不用。 The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球) (8)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。 They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院) 易｜错｜点｜拨 一些习惯用语中不用。 ⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care of 代词 知识点01人称代词 1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 主格 宾格 1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。 1. often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物。) 2..Are from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) 3.Where have gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) 4.That’s .(就那么回事。) 5.It’s !(是他！) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 1.Who teaches English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) 2.Help !(救救我！) 3.We often write letters to .(我们常给他写信。) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如： —Who is it?(是谁？) —It’s .(是我。) 4.三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如： 1.Both and are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班。) 2.—Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？)— and .(你和我。) 5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如： 1.—What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？) — fine.(天气晴好。) 2.—What’s the time?(几点啦？) — 12：00.(12点。) 3. a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路。) 4. took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间。) 5. is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空。) 6.We found very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的。) 知识点02物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示： 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复 数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 形容 词性 名词 性 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如： 1.Is that umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) 2.I often go to see aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨。) 3.They are books.(是他们的书。) 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如： 1.This is your cup,but where is ?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) 2.Your classroom is very big, but is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小。) 3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如： 1.A friend of came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了。) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。) 2. friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了。)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。) 知识点03指示代词 1.指示代词包括：this, that, these, those。 1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。 This is a pen and is a pencil. // We are busy days. // In days the workers had a hard time. 2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。 I had a cold. why I didn’t come. // What I want to say is ; pronunciation is very important in learning English. 3. 在比较级中，有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。 The weather in Beijing is colder than in Guangzhou. Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as made in Shanghai. 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己（我），that 则代表对方（你）。 Hello! This is Mary. Is Jack speaking? 介词 知识点01表时间的介词at / in / on at表示在 。 in表示 。 on表示 。 【注意】 this, that, last, next, every, yesterday, tomorrow等词用在morning, afternoon, night及星期的七个词前一律不能加介词。如：I went to Hangzhou last Sunday. 1.at 7:00；at noon；at midnight 2.in summer；in 2013；in three days；in May；in winter；in the morning；in the afternoon 3.on Monday；on the morning of June 1st；on a cold day；on Monday；on July 1st；on Sunday mornin 知识点02方位介词 方位介词 用法 例句 at We stayed at a hotel yesterday.昨天我们待在一个旅店。 in I live in Shanghai and my parents live in Beijing.我住在上海,我父母住在北京。 on There are some storybooks on the desk.桌子上有一些故事书。 above We are flying above the clouds.我们正在云层上方飞行。 below Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。 over They held a large umbrella over her. 他们给她撑起一把大伞。 under She placed the ladder under the window.她把梯子立在窗户下面。 behind Who sits behind you?谁坐在你的后面? in front of There are many big trees in front of my house.我家房子前有许多大树。 inside Go inside the house. 进屋里吧。 outside My father is washing his car outside our house. 我爸爸正在我们家屋外洗他的车。 next to Please stand next to your friend.请站在你的朋友旁边。 across from Our school is across from a bank. 我们的学校在一个银行的对面。 between I sat down between Jo and Diana.我在乔和黛安娜中间坐下。 图示记忆　 there be句型 知识点01 there be结构的一般现在时的基本句型 　　there be结构表示"(某地)有……",其一般现在时的基本句型为: There a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 There is a book on the desk.桌子上没有书。 — there a book on the desk? 桌子上有一本书吗?—Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.是的,有。/不,没有。 知识点02 there be结构的主谓一致 (1)在there be结构中,如果be动词后的主语为可数名词单数或不可数名词,be动词用is。 There a man under the tree.树下有一个人。 There some water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。 (2)如果be动词后的主语为可数名词复数,be动词用are。 There many trees in the park.公园里有很多树。 (3)在有并列主语的情况下,be动词的数要由离它最近的主语决定,即遵循"就近原则"。 There a book, a bag and three pencils on the desk.桌子上有一本书,一个包和三支铅笔。 There two girls and a dog in the room.房间里有两个女孩和一只狗。 易｜错｜点｜拨 there be 结构与have的区别 　　there be结构通常表示"某地有某物或某人",强调的是一种客观存在;have表示"某人拥有某物或某人",与主语为所属关系。 There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。 He has two daughters. 他有两个女儿。 一般现在时 知识点01（1）谓语构成 是由“动词原形”或“动词第三人称单数形式”（当主语为第三人称单数）、“be动词（am/is/are）”构成。 知识点02各种句式变化 否定形式是在动词前加don’t或doesn’t。如果是be动词，则直接在be后加not。一般疑问句要借助do或does，后面的动词改为原形。如果是be动词，则把be动词放到句首。如： He is a teacher. // He is not a teacher. // ---- Is he a teacher? --- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.) I go to school by bike. // I don’t go to school by bike. // ---- Do you go to school by bike? ---- Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.) He eats an egg at breakfast. // He doesn’t eat an egg at breakfast. ---- Does he eat an egg at breakfast? ---- Yes, he does. (No, he doesn’t) 知识点03一般现在时的基本用法 ① 经常、反复或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays, now and then等。 ② 表述客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句或者谚语等。 ③ 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 ④ 一些位移动词如：come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start, begin 等，在一般现在时态的句子中可用来表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。 ⑤ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until等连接的时间状语从句、由if等引导的条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，一般现在时被用来表示将要发生的动作。 ⑥ 在由here或there引导的倒装句中，用一般现在时替代现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生的动作。如 1.He usually to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 2.Every dog its day. 凡人皆有得意日。 3.Pride before a fall. 骄者必败。 4.The earth around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 5.Shanghai in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。 6.She watching TV. 她喜欢看电视。 7.We Chinese. 我们说汉语。 8.The train at 3 o’clock. 9.The train for Haikou at 8:00 in the morning. 10.I will call you as soon as I there. 我一到达那儿就打电话给你。 11.If you him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 12.There the bell. 响铃了。 13.Here the bus. 公交车来了。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1.—What lessons do we have 　　    Monday, Betty? —We have math, PE, Chinese, music and English. A.in　　　　　 B.on　　　　　　C.at 2.We have a history class　　     Friday morning. It's very interesting. A.in　　　 B.on　　　 C.at 3.—Hi, Sam. I usually go to school early in the morning. What about you? —Me too. I go to school　　    7 o'clock. A.at　　　　　 B.on　　　　　　C.in 4.Look! In the shopping bag is much     　    and on the table are many 　　    . A.chicken;oranges　　　 B.chickens;oranges C.chicken;orange　　　 D.chickens;orange 5.There are two big 　　    on the table and there 　　    much water in them. A.bottles;are　　　 B.bottle;is C.bottles;is　　　 D.bottle;are 6．（24-25七年级下·天津滨海新·期末）There is lovely blue sky ________ the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A．above B．under C．with D．inside 7．（24-25七年级下·江苏徐州·期中）Look at the picture, the girl is reading ________ the tree. A. in B．on C．below D．under 8．（24-25七年级下·全国·课后作业）I sit ________ my best friend Millie. She is just on my right. I’m so glad to have her by my side. A．next to B．in front of C．before D．after 9．（24-25七年级下·四川泸州·期末）—Hey, Mike. __________ a post office near here? —Yes. It’s just in front of the city park. A．Is there B．How far C．Where is D．How long 10．（24-25七年级下·甘肃白银·期末）—There ________ a DIY competition at nine next Monday. —I’ll take part in it on time. A．was B．are C．will be D．were 11．（23-24七年级下·山东泰安·期末）There ________ a sports meeting in our school next month. A．is going to have B．is going to be C．is D．are 12．（24-25七年级下·辽宁朝阳·期末）—What do you think of ________ story about Goldilocks? —It’s ________ interesting one. A．the; an B．a; the C．an; a D．the; a 13．（24-25七年级下·甘肃天水·期末）Here is ________ example for you to follow. A．the B．a C．an D．/ 14．（24-25七年级上·全国·随堂练习）This is ________ orange. ________ orange is good. A．an; The B．the; An C．an; A D．the; The 15．（24-25七年级下·吉林长春·期末）Sandra is visiting ________ friend in Paris. It’s a wonderful city. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25七年级上·广东茂名·期末）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应选项涂黑。 I like rock music very much and now I’m a member of the school band. I play 1 electric guitar. Sometimes I write songs and share them online. There 2 so much fun in music. I 3 to rock music on my computer. Right 4 this moment, the sound of grandpa’s erhu cuts in. Yes, music is also my 5 hobby. But it’s a different kind of music. He likes playing the erhu in the park with his friends. They 6 sing Beijing opera together. There are many fans of 7 . An idea suddenly hits me: “Why don’t we put our music together? I can write a song for us.” “Grandpa!” I rush into his room. There is an art festival every autumn in my school. I decide 8 it with Grandpa this year. After a week’s practice, we are on the stage. I nod to grandpa and we fire up our 9 . Everybody moves with our music. Grandpa gives me a big smile 10 I smile back. It feels great to enjoy our body together. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．be B．is C．are 3．A．listen B．will listen C．am listening 4．A．at B．of C．with 5．A．grandpa B．grandpas C．grandpa’s 6．A．never B．sometimes C．always 7．A．them B．they C．their 8．A．take part in B．to take part in C．taking part in 9．A．instrument B．instruments C．instrument’s 10．A．or B．but C．and （24-25七年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Linda, Thanks for your letter. Do you want to know my school days? I am 1 (usual) very busy from Monday to Friday. In the morning, I get up at about 6:30. Then I often have 2 egg and some milk for breakfast. They are good 3 me. After breakfast, I go to school. I always take the No. 10 bus to school. At around 7:30, I get to school. The 4 (one) class begins at 8:00. We often have Maths, Science, English and Chinese in the morning. In the afternoon, we have P. E. and art lessons. Mr. Wang is our form teacher, and he 5 (teach) us Maths very well. I like Maths very much. Because I think it is both interesting 6 useful. All the teachers at our school care about 7 (we) a lot. We get along well with each other. We often have 8 (colour) after-school activities. I am in the school tennis team, and I practise 9 (play) it on Friday afternoons. The happiest thing is that we have a field trip each term. Next week, we will go to a farm to pick 10 (strawberry). I am looking forward to it. So much for my school life. What about yours? Hope to hear from you soon! Yours, Alan 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） （1） 1.　　　(that) are my parents.  2.Your pencil box is the same as 　　　(me).  3.In the next picture 　　　(be)my brothers, Bob and Eric.  4.This dictionary is Helen's. And the green pen is 　　　(her), too.  5.I have a sister. 　　　(she) name is Lucy.  6.Michael and I 　　　(be) good students.  7.What's 　　　(you) phone number?  8.You can call 　　　(I)at 679-9871 if you need my help.  9.Here 　　　(be) a set of keys.  10.Nice to meet 　　　(your).  （2） 1. We have many interesting _______ (subject) at school, like English and art. 2. My brother has got a new _______ (schoolbag) for the new term. 3. —Have you got a _______ (textbook) for this lesson? —Yes, here it is. 4. The _______ (library) in our school is very big and has lots of books. 5. There are some _______ (lab) in our school for science lessons. 6. These _______ (pencil) are mine, and those are yours. 7. He has got a _______ (notebook) to write down his ideas. 8. The _______ (dining-hall) is a good place to have lunch. 9. —How many _______ (classmate) do you have? —About 40. 10. We _______ (have got) a new project to work on this week. （3） 1.Alex 　　　(hope) he can visit the USA in the future.  2.Sandy with her friends often 　　　(fly) a kite in the park.  3.　　　 (be) your friend ready for tomorrow’s evening party?  4.Members in this club 　　　(be not) careful. They often leave the club with the lights on.  5.Cindy is a kind girl. Everyone in our class 　　　(enjoy) playing with her.  6.My best friend and I 　　　(be not) in the same school. We meet at the weekend.  7.My mother 　　　(not go) to work on Saturdays or Sundays.  8.Millie’s family often 　　　(read) together in the living room.  9.Watching football matches 　　　(be) her hobby.  10.We all know light　　　(go) faster than sound.  链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） (2023济南一模) 阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hand washing with soap can reduce(减少) illnesses. One of the easiest 　1　(way) to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands. But many children haven't 　2　(develop) the right habit of hand washing. Children do not wash 　3　(they) hands often enough or long enough. It's such a simple habit, but the children aren't doing it.  Issar and his friend decided 　4　(solve) the problem using a fun method. They tried many times and created a tool called Soapen. It turned hand washing 　5　 a fun activity. As the name suggests, Soapen is 　6　 pen which is made out of soap. The children draw on hands with the Soapen and then wash the drawing off. The colors will remain on the children's hands 　7　 they don't spend enough time washing them off. It 　8　(help) a teacher in the classroom a lot. After all, not all the teachers have the time to make each child wash his hands 　9　(proper).  “Children wash hands much 　10　(long) than before now because they like drawing on hands. Soapen does help children make a good habit of hand washing”, said Issar.  3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法知识串讲（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-4 名词的数、名词所有格、 人称，物主，指示代词、冠词、时间介词，方位介词、There be句型、一般现在时 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 可数名词的单复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个用单数，两个或两个以上用复数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。可数名词复数形式的构成有规则和不规则变化两种： 知识点01 名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下： ①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map → maps, boy→ boys, horse→ horses, table→ table。. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es。如：class→classes, box→boxes, dish→dishes, bench→benches。. [注] 少数以o结尾的词,变复数时加es。如：potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes，hero→heroes, ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties。 ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives。 知识点02名词复数的不规则变化 A,元音或词尾发生变化。如：man→men, woman→women, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, child→children, mouse→mice等。 B.单复数形式相同。如：Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish等。 C.形式为单数意思为复数。如：people(人们), police(警察)等。如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如： ①一个人a people (×)；a person(√) ②一名警察a police(×)；a policeman/policewoman(√)。 D.形式为复数意思为单数。如：physics, mathematics/maths, the United States, Niagara Falls, news, falls等。 E.只有复数形式的名词，如：trousers, clothes, chopsticks, glasses, scissors, compasses等。 F.集体名词的数。视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。如：family, class, team, group等。 G.由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。如：an Englishman, two Englishmen 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans。由man, woman作定语时，它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定，如：a man worker→two men workers等。 易｜错｜点｜拨 【注意】其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。 如：an apple tree→two apple trees; a shoe shop→two shoe shops等。 H,表示某国人的名词单数变复数遵循以下原则： ①中日不变，如：Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese； ②英法变，如：Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen； ③其余把s加后面，如：American→Americans, German→Germans。 名词的所有格 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下： (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)。 (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’ Day(教师节)。 (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s。 如：today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口)。 (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿)。 易｜错｜点｜拨 ① ’s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)。 ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)。 ③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)。 冠词 知识点01不定冠词的用法 不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。 不定冠词的基本用法： (1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。 There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。) (2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。 An elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。) (3) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。 He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。) (4) 表示“一”这个数量。 There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。) (5) 几个用不定冠词的习语： a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。 知识点02定冠词的基本用法 (1)表示特指的人或事物。 The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克) (2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。 Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。) (3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。 There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。) (4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。 The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。) (5)用在表示方位的名词前面。 There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。) (6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。 Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近) (7)常用在乐器名称的前面。 He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴) (8)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。 I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山) (9)用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。 He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国) (10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。 The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山) (11)same之前一般用the。 Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样) (12)几个用定冠词的习语： at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 知识点03不用冠词的情况 (1)专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。 China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2)名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。 My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了) (3)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。 He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树) (4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。 Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明) (5)三餐饭前不用。 We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭) (6)节、假日前一般不用。 On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物) (7)球类名词前不用。 The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球) (8)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。 They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院) 易｜错｜点｜拨 一些习惯用语中不用。 ⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care of 代词 知识点01人称代词 1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 主格 I(我) you (你) he(他) she(她) it(它) we(我们) you(你们) they (他们，她们，它们) 宾格 me(我) you (你) him(他) her(她) it(她) us(我们) you(你们) them (他们，她们，它们) 1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。 1.I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物。) 2..Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) 3.Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) 4.That’s it.(就那么回事。) 5.It’s he!(是他！) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 1.Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) 2.Help me!(救救我！) 3.We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信。) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如： —Who is it?(是谁？) —It’s I/me.(是我。) 4.三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如： 1.Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班。) 2.—Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？)—You and me.(你和我。) 5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如： 1.—What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？) —It’s fine.(天气晴好。) 2.—What’s the time?(几点啦？) —It’s 12：00.(12点。) 3.It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路。) 4.It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间。) 5.It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空。) 6.We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的。) 知识点02物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示： 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复 数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 形容 词性 my (我的) your (你的) his (他的) her (她的) its (它的) our (我们的) your (你们的) their (他们的，她们的，它们的) 名词 性 mine (我的) yours (你的) his (他的) hers (她的) its (她的) ours (我们的) yours (你们的) theirs(他们的，她们的，它们的) 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如： 1.Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) 2.I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨。) 3.They are their books.(是他们的书。) 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如： 1.This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) 2.Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小。) 3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如： 1.A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了。) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。) 2.My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了。)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。) 知识点03指示代词 1.指示代词包括：this, that, these, those。 1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。 This is a pen and that is a pencil. // We are busy these days. // In those days the workers had a hard time. 2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。 I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come. // What I want to say is this; pronunciation is very important in learning English. 3. 在比较级中，有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou. Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己（我），that 则代表对方（你）。 Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 介词 知识点01表时间的介词at / in / on at表示在某个时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前。 in表示在一段时间里(如：某个世纪，季节，某年，某月，上午，下午，晚上等)（在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后）。on表示在具体的某一天或者某一天的某一段时间。 【注意】 this, that, last, next, every, yesterday, tomorrow等词用在morning, afternoon, night及星期的七个词前一律不能加介词。如：I went to Hangzhou last Sunday. 1.at 7:00；at noon；at midnight 2.in summer；in 2013；in three days；in May；in winter；in the morning；in the afternoon 3.on Monday；on the morning of June 1st；on a cold day；on Monday；on July 1st；on Sunday mornin 知识点02方位介词 方位介词 用法 例句 at "在……处",常用于较小的地点 We stayed at a hotel yesterday.昨天我们待在一个旅店。 in "在……处",常用于较大的地点或表示一个范围 I live in Shanghai and my parents live in Beijing.我住在上海,我父母住在北京。 on "在……上",表示在某一平面上, 且两者接触 There are some storybooks on the desk.桌子上有一些故事书。 above "在……上方",表示高于某物 We are flying above the clouds.我们正在云层上方飞行。 below "在……下方",表示低于某物 Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。 over "在……上方",表示在某物垂直的正上方,且两者之间不接触 They held a large umbrella over her. 他们给她撑起一把大伞。 under "在……下方",表示在某物垂直的正下方,且两者之间不接触 She placed the ladder under the window.她把梯子立在窗户下面。 behind "在……的后面" Who sits behind you?谁坐在你的后面? in front of "在……(外部)前面",注意与in the front of的区别,后者指"在某物内部的前面" There are many big trees in front of my house.我家房子前有许多大树。 inside "在……里面" Go inside the house. 进屋里吧。 outside "在……外面" My father is washing his car outside our house. 我爸爸正在我们家屋外洗他的车。 next to "在……旁边",与by、 near、beside 同义 Please stand next to your friend.请站在你的朋友旁边。 across from "在……对面",与opposite同义 Our school is across from a bank. 我们的学校在一个银行的对面。 between "在……(两者)中间" I sat down between Jo and Diana.我在乔和黛安娜中间坐下。 图示记忆　 there be句型 知识点01 there be结构的一般现在时的基本句型 　　there be结构表示"(某地)有……",其一般现在时的基本句型为: There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 There is not a book on the desk.桌子上没有书。 —Is there a book on the desk? 桌子上有一本书吗?—Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.是的,有。/不,没有。 知识点02 there be结构的主谓一致 (1)在there be结构中,如果be动词后的主语为可数名词单数或不可数名词,be动词用is。 There is a man under the tree.树下有一个人。 There is some water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。 (2)如果be动词后的主语为可数名词复数,be动词用are。 There are many trees in the park.公园里有很多树。 (3)在有并列主语的情况下,be动词的数要由离它最近的主语决定,即遵循"就近原则"。 There is a book, a bag and three pencils on the desk.桌子上有一本书,一个包和三支铅笔。 There are two girls and a dog in the room.房间里有两个女孩和一只狗。 易｜错｜点｜拨 there be 结构与have的区别 　　there be结构通常表示"某地有某物或某人",强调的是一种客观存在;have表示"某人拥有某物或某人",与主语为所属关系。 There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。 He has two daughters. 他有两个女儿。 一般现在时 知识点01（1）谓语构成 是由“动词原形”或“动词第三人称单数形式”（当主语为第三人称单数）、“be动词（am/is/are）”构成。 知识点02各种句式变化 否定形式是在动词前加don’t或doesn’t。如果是be动词，则直接在be后加not。一般疑问句要借助do或does，后面的动词改为原形。如果是be动词，则把be动词放到句首。如： He is a teacher. // He is not a teacher. // ---- Is he a teacher? --- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.) I go to school by bike. // I don’t go to school by bike. // ---- Do you go to school by bike? ---- Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.) He eats an egg at breakfast. // He doesn’t eat an egg at breakfast. ---- Does he eat an egg at breakfast? ---- Yes, he does. (No, he doesn’t) 知识点03一般现在时的基本用法 ① 经常、反复或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays, now and then等。 ② 表述客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句或者谚语等。 ③ 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 ④ 一些位移动词如：come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start, begin 等，在一般现在时态的句子中可用来表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。 ⑤ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until等连接的时间状语从句、由if等引导的条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，一般现在时被用来表示将要发生的动作。 ⑥ 在由here或there引导的倒装句中，用一般现在时替代现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生的动作。如 1.He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 2.Every dog has its day. 凡人皆有得意日。 3.Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 4.The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 5.Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。 6.She likes watching TV. 她喜欢看电视。 7.We speak Chinese. 我们说汉语。 8.The train comes at 3 o’clock. 9.The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning. 10.I will call you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到达那儿就打电话给你。 11.If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 12.There goes the bell. 响铃了。 13.Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1.—What lessons do we have 　　    Monday, Betty? —We have math, PE, Chinese, music and English. A.in　　　　　 B.on　　　　　　C.at 解析　in用于年/月/季节前;on用于具体的某一天或者具体某一天的上午/下午/晚上前;at用于具体的钟点前。Monday前要用on。故选B。 2.We have a history class　　     Friday morning. It's very interesting. A.in　　　 B.on　　　 C.at 解析　具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上应用介词on,故选B。 3.—Hi, Sam. I usually go to school early in the morning. What about you? —Me too. I go to school　　    7 o'clock. A.at　　　　　 B.on　　　　　　C.in 解析　几点钟前用介词at,故选A。 4.Look! In the shopping bag is much     　    and on the table are many 　　    . A.chicken;oranges　　　 B.chickens;oranges C.chicken;orange　　　 D.chickens;orange 解析　chicken鸡肉,不可数名词;orange橘子,可数名词。much修饰不可数名词,所以第一个空填chicken;many修饰可数名词复数形式,所以第二个空填oranges。故选A。 5.There are two big 　　    on the table and there 　　    much water in them. A.bottles;are　　　 B.bottle;is C.bottles;is　　　 D.bottle;are 解析　两处都是there be句型,需满足“就近原则”,第一处two修饰可数名词复数;第二处修饰不可数名词water,用is。故选C。 6．（24-25七年级下·天津滨海新·期末）There is lovely blue sky ________ the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A．above B．under C．with D．inside 【答案】A 【详解】句意：青藏高原上有可爱的蓝天。   考查介词辨析。above在……上方；under在……下面；with和……一起；inside在……里面。根据“There is lovely blue sky…the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau”可推知，此处描述的是蓝天在高原上空的位置关系，应选用表示“在……上方”的介词。故选A。 7．（24-25七年级下·江苏徐州·期中）Look at the picture, the girl is reading ________ the tree. A. in B．on C．below D．under 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看看这张图片，那个女孩正在树下读书。in在……里；on在……上；below在……下面；under在……下面。根据图片可知，女孩在树下读书，结合选项，under“在……下面”，强调在物体正下方，符合语境。故选D。 8．（24-25七年级下·全国·课后作业）I sit ________ my best friend Millie. She is just on my right. I’m so glad to have her by my side. A．next to B．in front of C．before D．after 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我坐在我最好的朋友米莉旁边。她就在我的右边。我很高兴有她在我身边。 考查介词短语。next to在……旁边；in front of在……前面；before在……之前；after 在……之后。根据“on my right”及“by my side”可知在旁边。故选A。 9．（24-25七年级下·四川泸州·期末）—Hey, Mike. __________ a post office near here? —Yes. It’s just in front of the city park. A．Is there B．How far C．Where is D．How long 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——嘿，迈克。这附近有邮局吗？——是的，就在城市公园前面。 考查一般疑问句。Is there有……吗；How far多远；Where is在哪里；How long多长时间。根据“Yes”可知，问句应为一般疑问句，且询问是否有邮局，用Is there。故选A。 10．（24-25七年级下·甘肃白银·期末）—There ________ a DIY competition at nine next Monday. —I’ll take part in it on time. A．was B．are C．will be D．were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——下周一九点将有一场DIY比赛。——我将会准时参加它。 考查一般将来时。根据“There...a DIY competition at nine next Monday.”可知，此处是there be句型，时态为一般将来时（结构：will+动词原形），所以空处使用will be。故选C。 11．（23-24七年级下·山东泰安·期末）There ________ a sports meeting in our school next month. A．is going to have B．is going to be C．is D．are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下个月我们学校将会有一场运动会。 考查There be句型。根据“There ... a sports meeting in our school next month.”可知，该句子是there be句型，表示“有”，句中next month表明句子时态为一般将来时，且主语a sports meeting是单数，要用there is going to be。故选B。 12．（24-25七年级下·辽宁朝阳·期末）—What do you think of ________ story about Goldilocks? —It’s ________ interesting one. A．the; an B．a; the C．an; a D．the; a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得金发姑娘的故事怎么样？——那是一个有趣的故事。 考查冠词的用法。a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词；the特指；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词。根据句子分析可知，第一空的故事表示特指，用定冠词the；第二空的故事表示泛指，且interesting是以元音音素开头的单词，用an修饰。故选A。 13．（24-25七年级下·甘肃天水·期末）Here is ________ example for you to follow. A．the B．a C．an D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这里有一个可供您参考的范例。 考查冠词的用法。the这个，定冠词表特指；a一个，不定冠词表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；/零冠词。此处泛指一个例子，“example”以元音音素开头，故选C。 14．（24-25七年级上·全国·随堂练习）This is ________ orange. ________ orange is good. A．an; The B．the; An C．an; A D．the; The 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这是一个橙子。这个橙子很好。 考查冠词用法。an表泛指，不定冠词，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a表泛指，不定冠词，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the表特指，定冠词。第一空，根据“This is … orange.”可知，此处是指这是一个橙子，应用不定冠词表泛指，且“orange”是以元音音素开头的单词，应用an修饰，排除B和D；第二空，再次提到前面出现过的“orange” (同一个橙子)，应用the表示特指，且位于句首，首字母要大写，排除C。故选A。 15．（24-25七年级下·吉林长春·期末）Sandra is visiting ________ friend in Paris. It’s a wonderful city. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：桑德拉正在巴黎拜访一个朋友。那是一座很棒的城市。 考查冠词辨析。a用于辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前，表示泛指“一个”；an用于元音音素开头的可数名词单数前，表示泛指“一个”；the表示特指；/ 表示零冠词。此处“friend”是可数名词单数，且为泛指“一个朋友”，其发音以辅音音素/f/开头，所以用a。故选A。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25七年级上·广东茂名·期末）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应选项涂黑。 I like rock music very much and now I’m a member of the school band. I play 1 electric guitar. Sometimes I write songs and share them online. There 2 so much fun in music. I 3 to rock music on my computer. Right 4 this moment, the sound of grandpa’s erhu cuts in. Yes, music is also my 5 hobby. But it’s a different kind of music. He likes playing the erhu in the park with his friends. They 6 sing Beijing opera together. There are many fans of 7 . An idea suddenly hits me: “Why don’t we put our music together? I can write a song for us.” “Grandpa!” I rush into his room. There is an art festival every autumn in my school. I decide 8 it with Grandpa this year. After a week’s practice, we are on the stage. I nod to grandpa and we fire up our 9 . Everybody moves with our music. Grandpa gives me a big smile 10 I smile back. It feels great to enjoy our body together. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．be B．is C．are 3．A．listen B．will listen C．am listening 4．A．at B．of C．with 5．A．grandpa B．grandpas C．grandpa’s 6．A．never B．sometimes C．always 7．A．them B．they C．their 8．A．take part in B．to take part in C．taking part in 9．A．instrument B．instruments C．instrument’s 10．A．or B．but C．and 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了一位热爱摇滚乐的男孩与热爱二胡和京剧的爷爷，通过结合他们的音乐爱好，共同参加学校艺术节的故事。 1．句意：我弹电吉他。 a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指。‌西洋乐器前面通常需要加定冠词“the”‌，所以C项符合。故选C。 2．句意：音乐中有很多乐趣。 be是，动词原形；is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式；are是，be的复数和第二人称单数现在时形式。fun“乐趣”，为不可数名词，is符合。故选B。 3．句意：我在电脑上听摇滚乐。 listen听，一般现在时；will listen会听，一般将来时；am listening正在听，现在进行时。根据“I…to rock music on my computer.”的语境及下文“Right …this moment, the sound of grandpa’s erhu cuts in.”可知，此处表示正在进行的动作，句子时态为现在进行时。故选C。 4．句意：就在这时，爷爷的二胡声突然响起。 at在；of……的；with和。at this moment“在这时”，是固定词组。故选A。 5．句意：是的，音乐也是我爷爷的爱好。 grandpa爷爷；grandpas爷爷，复数形式；grandpa’s爷爷的，所有格形式。根据空后的名词“hobby”及语境可知，此处表示所属关系，C项符合。故选C。 6．句意：他们总是一起唱京剧。 never从不；sometimes有时；always总是。根据上文“He likes playing the erhu in the park with his friends.”及下文“There are many fans of …”可知，此处指爷爷和朋友们总是一起唱京剧。故选C。 7．句意：他们有很多粉丝。 them他们，人称代词宾格；they他们，人称代词主格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用人称代词宾格形式，作宾语。故选A。 8．句意：我决定今年和爷爷一起参加。 take part in参加，动词原形；to take part in参加，不定式；taking part in参加，现在分词或动名词。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，是固定词组。故选B。 9．句意：我向爷爷点了点头，然后我们启动了乐器。 instrument乐器；instruments乐器，复数形式；instrument’s乐器的，所有格形式。根据空前的“our”可知，此处应用复数形式，表示概数概念，根据语境可知，此处不表示所属关系。故选B。 10．句意：爷爷给了我一个大大的微笑，我也报以微笑。 or或者；but但是；and和。根据“Grandpa gives me a big smile…I smile back.”的语境并结合选项可知，此处表示顺承关系，and符合。故选C。 （24-25七年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Linda, Thanks for your letter. Do you want to know my school days? I am 1 (usual) very busy from Monday to Friday. In the morning, I get up at about 6:30. Then I often have 2 egg and some milk for breakfast. They are good 3 me. After breakfast, I go to school. I always take the No. 10 bus to school. At around 7:30, I get to school. The 4 (one) class begins at 8:00. We often have Maths, Science, English and Chinese in the morning. In the afternoon, we have P. E. and art lessons. Mr. Wang is our form teacher, and he 5 (teach) us Maths very well. I like Maths very much. Because I think it is both interesting 6 useful. All the teachers at our school care about 7 (we) a lot. We get along well with each other. We often have 8 (colour) after-school activities. I am in the school tennis team, and I practise 9 (play) it on Friday afternoons. The happiest thing is that we have a field trip each term. Next week, we will go to a farm to pick 10 (strawberry). I am looking forward to it. So much for my school life. What about yours? Hope to hear from you soon! Yours, Alan 【答案】1．usually 2．an 3．for 4．first 5．teaches 6．and 7．us 8．colourful 9．playing 10．strawberries 【导语】本文是Alan写给Linda的信，Alan在信中介绍了自己的校园生活。 1．句意：我通常从周一到周五都很忙。根据提示词和“I am...very busy”可知，空处应填副词usually“通常”修饰形容词busy。故填usually。 2．句意：然后我早餐经常吃一个鸡蛋和喝一些牛奶。此处泛指“一个鸡蛋”，应用不定冠词a或an，空后的egg以元音音素开头，所以空处应填an。故填an。 3．句意：它们对我有好处。be good for“对……有好处”。故填for。 4．句意：第一节课八点开始。根据提示词和空前的The可知，空处应填序数词first“第一”。故填first。 5．句意：王老师是我们的班主任，他教我们数学教得很好。根据“Mr. Wang is our form teacher”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语he表示单数，所以空处应填动词teach“教”的第三人称单数形式teaches。故填teaches。 6．句意：因为我认为它既有趣又有用。both...and...“既……又……”。故填and。 7．句意：我们学校的所有老师都非常关心我们。about是介词，其后接人称代词的宾格作宾语，所以空处应填we“我们”的宾格us。故填us。 8．句意：我们经常有丰富多彩的课外活动。空后的after-school activities是名词短语，所以空处应填形容词colourful“丰富多彩的”，用于修饰名词短语。故填colourful。 9．句意：我是学校网球队的成员，我在星期五下午练习打网球。根据短语practise doing sth.“练习做某事”可知，空处应填play的动词-ing形式playing。故填playing。 10．句意：下周，我们将去农场摘草莓。此处应用名词strawberry“草莓”的复数形式strawberries表示泛指。故填strawberries。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） （1） 1.　　　(that) are my parents.  2.Your pencil box is the same as 　　　(me).  3.In the next picture 　　　(be)my brothers, Bob and Eric.  4.This dictionary is Helen's. And the green pen is 　　　(her), too.  5.I have a sister. 　　　(she) name is Lucy.  6.Michael and I 　　　(be) good students.  7.What's 　　　(you) phone number?  8.You can call 　　　(I)at 679-9871 if you need my help.  9.Here 　　　(be) a set of keys.  10.Nice to meet 　　　(your).  1.Those　2.mine　3.are　4.hers　5.Her　6.are7.your　8.me　9.is　10.you （2） 1. We have many interesting _______ (subject) at school, like English and art. 2. My brother has got a new _______ (schoolbag) for the new term. 3. —Have you got a _______ (textbook) for this lesson? —Yes, here it is. 4. The _______ (library) in our school is very big and has lots of books. 5. There are some _______ (lab) in our school for science lessons. 6. These _______ (pencil) are mine, and those are yours. 7. He has got a _______ (notebook) to write down his ideas. 8. The _______ (dining-hall) is a good place to have lunch. 9. —How many _______ (classmate) do you have? —About 40. 10. We _______ (have got) a new project to work on this week. 1. subjects 2. schoolbag 3. textbook 4. library 5. labs 6. pencils 7. notebook 8. dining-hall 9. classmates 10. have got （3） 1.Alex 　　　(hope) he can visit the USA in the future.  2.Sandy with her friends often 　　　(fly) a kite in the park.  3.　　　 (be) your friend ready for tomorrow’s evening party?  4.Members in this club 　　　(be not) careful. They often leave the club with the lights on.  5.Cindy is a kind girl. Everyone in our class 　　　(enjoy) playing with her.  6.My best friend and I 　　　(be not) in the same school. We meet at the weekend.  7.My mother 　　　(not go) to work on Saturdays or Sundays.  8.Millie’s family often 　　　(read) together in the living room.  9.Watching football matches 　　　(be) her hobby.  10.We all know light　　　(go) faster than sound.  1.hopes　主语Alex是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填hopes。 2.flies　介词with前面的名词Sandy是主语,是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填flies。 3.Is　主语your friend是第三人称单数,故be动词用is。 4.aren’t　主语Members是复数,be动词用are,否定形式在are后面加not。 5.enjoys　主语为Everyone,是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填enjoys。 6.aren’t　连词and连接两个并列主语时,be动词用are,否定形式在are后面加not。 7.doesn’t go　行为动词go的否定结构为don’t/doesn’t go,因为主语My mother为第三人称单数,故填doesn't go。 8.read　设空句的主语family指“家庭成员”,谓语动词用复数形式。 9.is　动名词短语Watching football matches作主语时,be动词用is。 10.goes　分析句子结构可知,know后为宾语从句,宾语从句的主语为light,是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。go的第三人称单数形式为goes。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） (2023济南一模) 阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hand washing with soap can reduce(减少) illnesses. One of the easiest 　1　(way) to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands. But many children haven't 　2　(develop) the right habit of hand washing. Children do not wash 　3　(they) hands often enough or long enough. It's such a simple habit, but the children aren't doing it.  Issar and his friend decided 　4　(solve) the problem using a fun method. They tried many times and created a tool called Soapen. It turned hand washing 　5　 a fun activity. As the name suggests, Soapen is 　6　 pen which is made out of soap. The children draw on hands with the Soapen and then wash the drawing off. The colors will remain on the children's hands 　7　 they don't spend enough time washing them off. It 　8　(help) a teacher in the classroom a lot. After all, not all the teachers have the time to make each child wash his hands 　9　(proper).  “Children wash hands much 　10　(long) than before now because they like drawing on hands. Soapen does help children make a good habit of hand washing”, said Issar.  答案 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。我们都知道用肥皂洗手可以减少疾病的发生,但是许多孩子没有养成正确的洗手习惯。Issar和他的朋友为了解决这个问题创造了一种肥皂笔,有效地帮助孩子们养成良好的洗手习惯。 1.ways　考查名词的数。短语one of 后面接可数名词复数,故填ways。 2.developed　考查现在完成时的构成。该空与前面的haven't构成现在完成时,用develop的过去分词形式,故填developed。 3.their　考查形容词性物主代词。此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词hands,故填their。 4.to solve　考查动词不定式。固定搭配decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”,故填to solve。 5.into　考查介词。固定搭配turn...into...意为“将……变成……”,故填into。 6.a　考查冠词。此处泛指一种用肥皂制成的笔,应该用不定冠词,pen以辅音音素开头,故填a。 7.if　考查状语从句的引导词。空后“他们没有花足够的时间把它们洗掉”是空前“这些颜色将会留在孩子们的手上”的条件,由此可知,设空处表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,故填if。 8.helps　考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据后一句可知,本句为一般现在时,主语It为第三人称单数,谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,故填helps。 9.properly　考查副词。设空处修饰前面的动词短语wash his hands,所以要用副词形式,故填properly。 10.longer　考查形容词的比较等级。根据后面的than可知,此处应该使用比较级。前面的much也用于修饰比较级,故填longer。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $