2026年中考英语重难点语法辨析：及物动词 vs.不及物动词&专项练习

该初中英语中考复习学案系统构建了及物动词与不及物动词辨析体系，涵盖核心定义、结构类型（基础/双宾语/复合宾语）、关键区别及高频动词分类，通过对比表格、例句任务引导学生自主梳理知识联系，体现考点从基础到综合的递进层次。 亮点在于“分层专项练习”和“高频动词分类工具”设计，如基础层诊断基本用法，提升层突破被动语态转换，综合层强化语境应用，培养语言能力与思维品质。学生完成后可明确薄弱考点，教师能依据练习数据调整教学，支持个性化复习与精准辅导。

中考英语重难点语法辨析:及物动词 vs.不及物动词&专项练习 中考英语重难点语法辨析:及物动词 vs. 不及物动词 一、核心定义与考点定位 类别 核心定义 中考高频考点 及物动词(vt.) 后面必须直接跟宾语,才能使句意完整的动词 1. 及物动词的被动语态转换;2. 及物动词后接双宾语 / 复合宾语的用法;3. 区分及物与不及物动词的语境判断 不及物动词(vi.) 后面不能直接跟宾语,若要接宾语需加介词;本身表意完整 1. 不及物动词后接介词的固定搭配;2. 不及物动词无被动语态;3. 同一动词的及物 / 不及物两种用法辨析 二、结构辨析(中考必背) 1. 及物动词(vt.):必须带宾语 (1)基础结构 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语例:She likes music.(like 是及物动词,后直接跟宾语 music)例:He finished his homework.(finish 是及物动词,后接宾语 his homework) (2)特殊结构 双宾语结构:主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语例:My mother gave me a book.(me 是间接宾语,a book 是直接宾语)常见词:give, send, buy, show, tell, teach 复合宾语结构:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语例:We keep our classroom clean.(classroom 是宾语,clean 是宾语补足语)常见词:keep, make, let, find, want (3)被动语态 及物动词可以用于被动语态,结构为 主语 + be + 过去分词(+ by 短语)例:The letter was written by Tom.(write 是及物动词,有被动形式) 2. 不及物动词(vi.):不能直接带宾语 (1)基础结构 主语 + 不及物动词例:The sun rises.(rise 是不及物动词,本身表意完整,无需宾语)例:He sleeps well.(sleep 是不及物动词,well 是副词作状语) (2)接宾语的条件 需在动词后加介词,构成 “动词 + 介词” 短语,再接宾语例:She listens to music every day.(listen 是不及物动词,后加介词 to 才能接宾语 music)例:They look at the blackboard carefully.(look 是不及物动词,加介词 at 接宾语 the blackboard) (3)无被动语态 不及物动词本身不能接宾语,因此没有被动语态 错误:The sun is risen in the east. 正确:The sun rises in the east. 三、关键区别(中考易错点) 对比维度 及物动词(vt.) 不及物动词(vi.) 宾语要求 必须接宾语,否则句意不完整 不直接接宾语,接宾语需加介词 被动语态 可以用于被动语态 不能用于被动语态 常见搭配 直接 + 名词 / 代词作宾语;双宾语 / 复合宾语结构 常与特定介词搭配(如 look at, listen to) 中考易错提醒 注意双宾语动词的转换:give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 注意同一动词的两种用法:例:He studies hard.(study 不及物,hard 是副词)He studies English.(study 及物,English 是宾语) 四、中考高频动词的及物 / 不及物分类 常见及物动词 表动作:finish, like, love, hate, want, need, make, let, have 表心理:believe, think, know, understand, forget, remember 常见不及物动词 表自然现象:rise, fall, happen, appear, disappear 表动作行为:come, go, run, swim, sleep, laugh, cry 需加介词的常用词:listen (to), look (at), wait (for), arrive (at/in), agree (with) 兼类动词(及物 / 不及物两用) 动词 不及物用法(无宾语) 及物用法(有宾语) begin The meeting began at 9. We began the meeting at 9. learn He learns quickly. He learns English quickly. read She reads every day. She reads storybooks every day. 五、记忆口诀 及物动词带宾语,句意完整才可行;被动语态能转换,双宾复合常现身。不及物动不接宾,要接宾语加介词;本身表意就完整,被动语态永不行。 中考英语语法辨析专项试卷:及物动词 vs. 不及物动词 试卷说明:本试卷按基础考点 提升考点 综合考点分层设计,每题前标注核心考点,适配中考复习与针对性训练,覆盖动词类型判断、搭配规则、被动语态等高频考点。 一、 基础层(每题 2 分,共 20 分) 考点 1:及物动词的基本用法(后接宾语) 1. My sister _ English very well and she often helps me with my lessons. A. learn B. learns C. learning D. to learn 考点 2:不及物动词的基本用法(无宾语) 2. The sun _ in the east and sets in the west every day. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. rising 考点 3:不及物动词 + 介词接宾语(固定搭配) 3.Listen! Someone is knocking _ the door. Please go and open it. A. at B. to C. for D. with 4. We are looking forward _ seeing our favourite singer at the concert. A. in B. on C. to D. for 考点 4:及物动词双宾语结构(give/show/buy 类动词) 5. My uncle _ me a nice gift on my birthday last year. A. gave B. gave to C. gives D. giving 考点 5:兼类动词的不及物用法 6. The meeting _ at 2:00 p.m. yesterday and lasted for two hours. A. begin B. begins C. began D. beginning 考点 6:兼类动词的及物用法 7. Our teacher _ the class with a funny story this morning. A. started B. start C. starting D. to start 考点 7:及物动词复合宾语结构(make/keep 类动词) 8. The good news made all of us _ excited. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 考点 8:不及物动词的语境判断(无需宾语) 9. When I got to the park, the children _ happily over there. A. played B. were playing C. plays D. play 考点 9:及物动词的否定式(后接宾语) 10. She doesn’t _ coffee because she thinks it’s too bitter. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked 二、 提升层(每题 3 分,共 30 分) 考点 10:及物动词的被动语态转换 1.A new bridge _ in our city last year. It’s very beautiful now. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built 考点 11:不及物动词无被动语态(易错点) 2.Which of the following sentences is correct? A. The accident was happened last night. B. The sun is risen in the east every day. C. The meeting will be held next Monday. D. He was arrived at the station just now. 考点 12:不及物动词 + 介词的固定搭配辨析 3.—What are you waiting _? —My mother. She will come here soon. A. / B. for C. to D. at 4. The little girl shouted _ her mother when she saw her in the crowd. A. at B. for C. to D. with 考点 13:兼类动词的用法区分(及物 vs. 不及物) 5.He _ hard at his lessons every day, so he always gets good grades. A. studies B. study C. is studying D. studied 6. He _ English for five years and he can speak it fluently now. A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. is learning 考点 14:及物动词双宾语的同义转换(give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.) 7. My father bought me a new computer.(改为同义句) My father bought a new computer _ _. 考点 15:及物动词复合宾语的结构判断 8. We should keep our classroom _ every day. A. clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. to clean 考点 16:语境中及物 / 不及物动词的选择 9. The plane _ at 10:00 a.m. We need to get to the airport before 8:30. A. takes off B. takes up C. takes away D. takes out 10.The teacher asked us to _ the new words after class.A. look for B. look up C. look after D. look at 三、 综合层(每题 5 分,共 50 分) 考点 17:及物动词被动语态的时态变化 1.These books _ to the library next Friday. We must return them on time. A. must return B. must be returned C. returned D. are returning 考点 18:不及物动词 + 介词短语作状语 2. The old man lives _ and he never feels lonely.A. alone B. lonely C. along D. aloud 考点 19:兼类动词在复合句中的用法 3.I don’t know if he _ the meeting tomorrow. If he _, I will tell you. A. will attend; attends B. attends; will attendC. will join; joins D. joins; will join 考点 20:及物动词的宾语从句搭配 4. Could you tell me how I can _ the problem? A. work out B. work on C. work for D. work in 考点 21:汉译英(及物 / 不及物动词的正确使用) 5. 他每天读报纸。(考点:及物动词 read 的用法) 6.鸟儿在树上唱歌。(考点:不及物动词 sing 的用法) 7.妈妈给我做了一顿美味的晚餐。(考点:及物动词 make 的双宾语结构) 考点 22:语法填空(及物 / 不及物动词混合辨析) 阅读短文,用所给动词的适当形式填空,注意及物与不及物用法。 8. A: What happened to you yesterday? You didn’t come to school. B: I 1. _ (fall) off my bike on the way to school. Luckily, I didn’t hurt myself badly. A: I’m sorry to hear that. Did you go to the hospital? B: Yes. The doctor 2. _ (check) me carefully and 3. _ (tell) me to rest at home for two days. A: I hope you will get well soon. By the way, we 4. _ (have) an English test tomorrow. B: Really? I must 5. _ (prepare) for it tonight. 考点 23:句型转换(及物动词主动变被动) 9. People grow rice in the south of China.(改为被动语态)Rice _ _ in the south of China by people. 考点 24:语境辨析(及物 / 不及物动词 + 介词) 9. —Why did you laugh _ him just now? —Because he made a funny face. A. at B. to C. for D. with 参考答案及考点解析 一、 基础层 1.B 解析:考点 1,learn 是及物动词,后接宾语 English,主语是第三人称单数,用一般现在时 2.B 解析:考点 2,rise 是不及物动词,无宾语,主语 the sun 是第三人称单数 3.A 解析:考点 3,knock 是不及物动词,固定搭配 knock at the door(敲门) 4.C 解析:考点 3,look forward to 是固定搭配,to 是介词,后接动名词 5.A 解析:考点 4,give 是及物动词,双宾语结构 give sb. sth.,时间状语 last year 用一般过去时 6.C 解析:考点 5,begin 是兼类动词,此处无宾语,用不及物用法,yesterday 用一般过去时 7.A 解析:考点 6,start 是兼类动词,后接宾语 the class,用及物用法,this morning 用一般过去时 8.A 解析:考点 7,make 是及物动词,复合宾语结构 make sb. do sth.(省略 to 的不定式作宾补) 9.B 解析:考点 8,play 是不及物动词,此处用过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作 10.A 解析:考点 9,like 是及物动词,否定句中助动词 doesn’t 后接动词原形 二、 提升层 1.C 解析:考点 10,build 是及物动词,被动语态结构 be + 过去分词,last year 用一般过去时 2.C 解析:考点 11,happen/rise/arrive 都是不及物动词,无被动语态;hold 是及物动词,有被动语态 3.B 解析:考点 12,wait 是不及物动词,固定搭配 wait for sb.(等待某人) 4.C 解析:考点 12,shout to sb.(对某人大声喊,无恶意);shout at sb.(冲某人大喊,有怒气) 5.A 解析:考点 13,study 是兼类动词,此处无宾语,用不及物用法,every day 用一般现在时 6.C 解析:考点 13,learn 是及物动词,后接宾语 English,for five years 用现在完成时 7.for me 解析:考点 14,buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.(双宾语结构转换) 8.A 解析:考点 15,keep 是及物动词,复合宾语结构 keep sth. + 形容词(作宾补) 9.A 解析:考点 16,take off 是不及物动词短语,意为 “(飞机)起飞” 10.B 解析:考点 16,look up 是及物动词短语,意为 “查阅(单词)” 三、 综合层 1.B 解析:考点 17,return 是及物动词,被动语态结构 must be + 过去分词 2.A 解析:考点 18,live 是不及物动词,alone 是副词,修饰 live 表示 “独自居住” 3.A 解析:考点 19,attend 是及物动词,后接宾语 the meeting;第一空是宾语从句,用一般将来时;第二空是条件状语从句,用一般现在时表将来 4.A 解析:考点 20,work out 是及物动词短语,意为 “解决(问题)” 5.He reads newspapers every day. 解析:考点 21,read 是及物动词,后接宾语 newspapers 6.Birds are singing in the trees. 解析:考点 21,sing 是不及物动词,in the trees 作地点状语 7.My mother made me a delicious dinner. / My mother made a delicious dinner for me. 解析:考点 21,make 的双宾语结构 8. 1.fell 2. checked 3. told 4. will have 5. prepare 解析:考点 22,fall 是不及物动词;check 和 tell 是及物动词;have 是及物动词;prepare 是及物动词 9.I1s grown 解析:考点 23,grow 是及物动词,被动语态用一般现在时(客观事实) 10.A 解析:考点 24,laugh at 是固定搭配,意为 “嘲笑某人” 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $