精品解析：广东省2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题

广东省2025年12月高三阶段性联合检测英语 注意事项： 1.本试卷满分120分，考试时间120分钟。 2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡的相应位置。 3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题卷上无效。 4.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 5.考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Scenic Train Journeys in the US If you want to avoid boarding an Amtrak or Brightline to go on more scenic train journeys, here’s what you need to know. Rocky Mountaineer This luxury railcar journey is one of the most popular in the United States. It operates throughout the American Southwest. Its most famous route is the Rockies to Red rocks journey, which starts in Denver and ends in Moab, Utah. But there are four other jaw-dropping routes that will take you through the US’s most rugged landscapes, from its towering Rockies to its lowest, most colorful canyons (峡谷). Durango & Silverton Narrow gauge Railway Silver and gold were being mined and exported from the Durango and Silverton areas by this short-and-sweet railroad when it was in operation, which makes it a National Historic Landmark. The experience takes you onto the railways of yore deep into the San Juan Mountains, offering jaw-dropping views during any season. Just know that it’s a steam engine, making it louder than other trains. Grand Canyon Railway If you want an unbeatable entrance into the Grand Canyon, go on the Grand Canyon Railway. It’s been in operation since 1901 and has had over a century to nail its service. You can choose from six different options when you buy your ticket based on comfort and service levels. If views are your focus, go with the Observation Dome. Cape Cod Central Railway This fun train journey takes you across the Cape Cod region, specializing in lunch, brunch, and dinner journeys. All excursion trains come with various classes, letting you choose the tickets that suit your budget. The same for public and private tables, which makes this a surprisingly affordable add-on to any Cape Cod trip. 1. Which route of Rocky Mountaineer is the most famous? A. From Rockies to Grand Canyon. B. From Denver to Moab, Utah. C. From Denver to San Juan Mountains. D. From Moab, Utah to Cape Cod. 2. Why is Durango & Silverton Narrow gauge Railway a National Historic Landmark? A. It owns loud steam trains. B. It has a history of over a century. C. It operates in the San Juan Mountains. D. It once transported silver and gold mines. 3. What should you choose for the best views on Grand Canyon Railway? A. The private service. B. The cheapest option. C. The Observation Dome. D. The lunch journey ticket. B We’ve all been there: in a line with a basket of a few items for payment, cash or credit cards prepared, perhaps with only one or two customers ahead of us. And so it was today for me at a shop a mile or so from my home. I had three items. A woman with her teenage boys ahead of me had twice as many items as mine. The customer at the register, a white-haired woman, had already begun to bag her items and was holding out cash to pay for them. Then came the problem. Sometimes it’s a customer who forgot to weigh a piece of fruit, or someone searching for exact change. Fair enough. One waits. But today, it was something else. For whatever reason, this white-haired woman didn’t have enough money. And so she began choosing which items to keep and which to hand back. She looked at each one for a long time before keeping or giving it up. We waited. Longer lines rushed ahead. The wait went on and on. Outside, my bus came and went. Finally in the black, the woman turned back to us as she left, with her face turning red. We waved off her discomfiture. It could happen to anyone. We were honestly understanding. But I had no idea just how understanding the family ahead of me were until their turn came. The woman with the teenagers asked the cashier to add all the items the white-haired woman had left to her list as quickly as possible. The cashier did as told. Then the two boys rushed to the white-haired woman with the small bag of items. When they returned, it was clear their task had been completed. All it took to witness this act of kindness was waiting a little longer in a checkout line. I could have caught the next bus. But I felt so light on my feet that I walked home instead. 4. How does the author start the text? A. By introducing a way of payment. B. By describing a situation in a shop. C. By comparing customers’ behaviours. D. By showing the preparation for shopping. 5. What problem did the white-haired woman have? A. She couldn’t afford all the goods she chose. B. She didn’t have some of the goods weighed. C. She didn’t know how to return the goods. D. She couldn’t find the accurate change. 6. What does the underlined word “discomfiture” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Confusion. B. Anger. C. Tiredness. D. Awkwardness. 7. What was the two teenagers’ task? A. Putting the items into the small bags. B. Helping the cashier to add up the items. C. Sending the white-haired woman her unpaid items. D. Placing the white-haired woman’s items on the shelf. C The “open science” concept is gaining more followers, especially through the efforts of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Over the past several years, the Organization has been consulting on how science can become more collaborative (协作的), transparent, accessible, equitable and inclusive. At the end of last year, UNESCO published a report on the current status of this effort. UNESCO’s report described several examples of positive initiatives, such as in research collaboration, open-access scientific publishing and public engagement in science. For example, in 2020, the Brazilian government launched the National Platform of Research Infrastructure, a digital platform in which scientific institutions can register their available facilities and make them available to researchers outside their organization. The European Commission, based in Brussels, was an early supporter of open science. Between 2002 and 2020, it increased its funding for societal engagement projects from €88 million to €462 million. Other indicators are less rosy, however. Around three-quarters of publications in open-access databases are in just six languages — with nearly half being in English alone. And in spite of some of the progress mentioned, overall the report finds that scientific institutions, such as universities, national science academies and journals, are struggling to include communities, in all their diversity, in the process of creating scientific knowledge itself. The United Nations (UN)’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the best attempt to map a pathway towards a better future, and a more open approach to science could have a larger part to play in achieving them. That attempt needs as much help as it can get: Monitoring SDGs indicators is one obvious way that citizen scientists can help. Some of the largest gaps in the collection of relevant SDGs data are in low-and middle-income countries, which is where citizen research can really make a difference. The UNESCO report shines a much-needed light on some promising developments in open science. The challenge will be how to accumulate (累积) individual examples of good practice into something similar to a critical mass, so that, in cases such as monitoring the SDGs, they can be made use of to get the world to where it needs to be. 8. How did the Brazilian government contribute to open science? A. It made Internet more accessible worldwide. B. It set up a digital resource-sharing platform. C. It funded Europe’s societal engagement projects. D. It translated publications into multiple languages. 9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Examples of some new initiatives. B. Indicators of a promising science field. C. Problems of current open science. D. Difficulties of creating scientific knowledge. 10. What is a suggested way to help achieve SDGs? A. Helping the poor increase their incomes. B. Creating city maps around the world. C. Providing more support for online technology. D. Encouraging citizens to engage in science. 11. What can we learn from the text? A. There is a long way to go for global open science. B. Professional scientists should give way to citizens. C. Poor countries are unlikely to benefit from open science. D. More successful models are needed to convince UNESCO. D Thermal pollution is a rapid change in temperature in a natural body of water. This pollution is most often caused by heated discharge(排放) from an industrial facility or another human activity. Thermal pollution can result in disturbances in natural systems and stress disease, or even death for affected organisms. In a 2016 global analysis of thermal pollution in rivers, the Mississippi River topped the list. 62 percent of the river’s heat discharges came from coal-fired power plants, and 28 percent from nuclear power generation. Other thermal pollution sources included agricultural run-off and wastewater. Thermal pollution is a growing concern especially with climate change worsening increases in water temperature from power plants, industry, agriculture, and other human sources. As of 2013, about a third of total power generation in the U. S. came from power plants that used once-through cooling. This is typical of older energy generation facilities. A 2016 study found that half of the global freshwater heat discharges come from nuclear and coal plants from the 1970s and 1980s. Some older power plants that employ once-through cooling are shutting down as aging equipment and increasing restrictions on air and water pollution, water consumption, and thermal discharge decrease profitability and increase duty. In the U. S., thermal pollution is regulated by the federal Clean Water Act, which requires states to set limits for thermal discharges from power plants to protect aquatic organisms and wildlife. Power plants must meet temperature discharge standards to qualify for the permits, or alternatively, prove that the discharge temperature has no harmful environmental effects. However, this doesn’t happen often in practice. There is now a shift away from once-through cooling—not only because of thermal pollution but because of the overall pressure that water-intensive processes place on aquatic and marine life. In 2010, California issued a regulation to phase out(逐步淘汰) once-through cooling at coastal power plants that use ocean water. Existing and emerging technologies provide other means of reducing thermal pollution from power plants and other industrial sources. These include reducing the amount of water released by such facilities and capturing heated wastewater for other purposes to reduce discharges. Whatever they are, they are worth trying. 12. What did the 2016 global analysis find about the Mississippi River? A. The natural systems of it were in complete disorder. B. Most of its thermal pollution resulted from power plants. C. It suffered little impact from nuclear power generation. D. Its water pollution was unrelated to agricultural wastewater. 13. Why are the plants using once-through cooling closing down? A. They are less profitable. B. They are out of control. C. They are irresponsible. D. They are too dependent. 14. What can we infer about America’s Clean Water Act? A. It fails to generate desirable effects. B. It sets an example for other countries. C. It gives more freedom to power plants. D. It has the same limit on discharges nationwide. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To criticize the illegal operation of power plants. B. To introduce innovative ways to get clean energy. C. To appeal for efforts to tackle thermal pollution. D. To show the negative impacts of thermal pollution. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Box breathing, also known as four-square breathing, is a powerful technique that can help reduce stress, improve focus, and promote relaxation. Used by everyone from Navy SEALs to corporate professionals, this mindful breathing method involves inhaling (吸入), holding, exhaling, and holding again. ____16____. To begin with, find a quiet and comfortable place to sit or lie down. Here’s how to do it: ●Inhale for a count of four, breathing deeply and slowly through your nose. ●Hold the breath for another count of four, keeping your body relaxed. ●Exhale slowly through your mouth to a count of four, focusing on releasing any tension. ●____17____. Repeat this process for at least five minutes at first. Gradually, maintain it for longer periods as you become more comfortable with the technique. Box breathing is an ideal practice for calming the mind, and even a few minutes can help relieve tension and enhance focus. ____18____. Medical News Today reports that by slowing down your breathing, this technique helps activate the body’s parasympathetic nervous system, which can lower your heart rate and blood pressure. ____19____, making it easier to manage anxiety and reduce the negative impacts of stressful situations. For those experiencing heightened stress or anxiety, box breathing can bring a sense of control. Focusing on each breath’s timing creates a mental break from stress, helping to clear the mind and improve concentration. Box breathing can be practiced anytime. ____20____. With practice, you may notice that it becomes easier to manage daily stresses and maintain a clearer, more focused mind. Including box breathing into your day-to-day life can offer a meaningful shift toward mental clarity, resilience (适应力), and relaxation. A. Box breathing is a helpful tool yet to be defined B This relaxation response fights against the effects of stress. C. Hold again for a count of four before starting the cycle over. D. With regular practice, box breathing can generate significant benefits. E. It’s especially effective when used in stressful moments or before important tasks. F. According to WebMD, box breathing is a four-step technique that anyone can try. G. Set aside a few minutes each day and you will make box breathing a part of your routine. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I found myself again on the water’s surface a few days later. This time I was in a kayak (皮划艇) on Lake Brienz in Interlaken. Having kayaked many times before, I was ____21____ of doing this. One by one, we ____22____ our group guide Stephanos Gaitanos. ____23____ the oar (桨) to the best of my ability, I tried to play the part and take in the ____24____, but soon I began to drift away. In panic, I began to oar even faster. Far from ____25____, this pushed me further away. I waited to be ____26____, after what felt like a century, embarrassed and exhausted (疲惫不堪) from the ____27____. When Gaitanos caught up with me, he ____28____ guided me on how to oar. As I tried harder and harder, my arms burning, he told me to simply do what I knew. The minute I let go and got relaxed, I managed to get ____29____ and could oar my kayak in the right direction. In that moment, Gaitanos had given me an important ____30____ when things go wrong, sometimes all we need to do is ____31____ and approach the situation with a ____32____ mind. As we oared towards the ____33____, everyone cheered me on. I felt proud of myself, for having tried, ____34____ and learnt. In that moment Lake Brienz truly shone in all her amazing beauty and I was fully ____35____ to take it all in. 21. A. careful B. free C. proud D. confident 22. A. surprised B. acknowledged C. followed D. challenged 23. A. Handling B. Restoring C. Replacing D. Testing 24. A. strengths B. surroundings C. directions D. routines 25. A. mattering B. escaping C. disappearing D. helping 26 A. rescued B. criticized C. abandoned D. investigated 27. A. guidance B. effort C. competition D. ambition 28. A. frequently B. violently C. patiently D. randomly 29. A. permission B. control C. practice D. sympathy 30. A. opportunity B. reward C. goal D. lesson 31. A. take over B. give in C. step aside D. move forward 32. A. calm B. generous C. kind D. different 33. A. strangers B. winners C. members D. coaches 34. A. recovered B. interrupted C. refused D. failed 35. A. present B. mature C. curious D. skillful 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a classroom at the Confucius Institute of the University of Granada, in Spain, a group of Spanish students mirrored their teacher’s martial arts (武术) ____36____(movement): holding horse stance, jabbing with controlled force and retracting elbows in fluid arcs (弧线). Leading them ____37____(be) Zhang Daojin, an inheritor of Six Harmony Praying Mantis boxing (六合螳螂拳), ____38____ is a kung fu style originating from Shandong Province in east China. Zhang recently concluded ____39____ two-week cultural exchange program in Spain, sharing Chinese kung fu with martial arts enthusiasts from Spain and other European countries. Besides Six Harmony Praying Mantis boxing, ____40____(celebrate) for its unique combination of strength and gentleness, Zhang also introduced Tai Chi and Qigong, bringing engaging conversations about martial arts and the ____41____(rich) of traditional Chinese culture. “The Spanish students are passionate and adaptable to different cultures,” Zhang remarked. “Some have even made the journey to Shandong several times ____42____(deepen) their kung fu practice.” As martial arts continue to grow popular in Spain, more and more enthusiasts are traveling to China for training, ____43____ according to Bu Shan, the Chinese director of the Confucius Institute, even over a hundred martial arts schools ____44____(build) in Spain so far. She believes martial arts promote mutual understanding and provide insights into Chinese culture. Isabel Maria Balsas Urena, the Spanish director of the Confucius Institute, said martial arts go beyond physical techniques. “It’s a philosophical practice,” she explained. “It develops values like respect and sharing, ultimately teaching us how to live ____45____(harmonious) with one another.” 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你校的英文报刊正在举办主题为How Foreigners Celebrate a Traditional Chinese Festival的征文活动。请给你的交换生好友Alan写封邮件，内容包括: 1. 鼓励他投稿; 2. 告知征文活动的相关要求。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Alan, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Did you write your thank- you notes?” I asked my younger son, Jon. “No, not yet, Mom,” Jon replied, rolling his eyes. “I’ll do it when I get back from Kim’s house.” “Sorry, that’s not going to happen!” I said seriously. “You’d better write a note to everyone you came into contact with during your interview before leaving.” “Even the receptionist who was rude to me?” Jon asked with a confused expression. “Especially her!” Jon was home on summer holiday from college and had just finished interviewing with his first- choice company in Cleveland, Ohio. The power of a thank- you note is something I developed in my boys from the time they were old enough to hold a pencil. No matter what festival it was, every gift had to be acknowledged with sincere gratitude within twenty- four hours. It was my hope that writing thank- you notes would change their life. After an hour, Jon appeared from his room and handed over eight thank- you notes. To my delight, they were all sincere and heartfelt— even the one to the receptionist who had been less friendly. Before Jon left to visit his friend Kim, he turned to me and announced, “Mom, I’m pretty sure that a thank- you note to the manager or the receptionist isn’t going to land me this job. But if it makes you happy, then it’s worth it.” “We’ll see about that,” I said, smiling at Jon, who was twenty- one years old. Ten days after the thank- you notes were mailed, Jon received a call from the company that he had interviewed with. When his cellphone rang for the second time, I asked, “Jon, why aren’t you responding?”. “They’re just calling to let me know that I didn’t get the job,” Jon said. “They don’t offer that politeness,” I explained. “They only give you a call when you get the job.” For days, Jon had been wandering around the house, feeling the weight of his school loans coming due after graduation and not having a job lined up. He had completely convinced himself that he didn’t get the job, but I knew better. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Jon it’s almost 5:00 pm and you need to call back as soon as possible,” I reminded in the afternoon. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I tried to pretend like I hadn’t known what he said on the phone, but I’m not that good of an actress. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 广东省2025年12月高三阶段性联合检测英语 注意事项： 1.本试卷满分120分，考试时间120分钟。 2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡的相应位置。 3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题卷上无效。 4.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 5.考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Scenic Train Journeys in the US If you want to avoid boarding an Amtrak or Brightline to go on more scenic train journeys, here’s what you need to know. Rocky Mountaineer This luxury railcar journey is one of the most popular in the United States. It operates throughout the American Southwest. Its most famous route is the Rockies to Red rocks journey, which starts in Denver and ends in Moab, Utah. But there are four other jaw-dropping routes that will take you through the US’s most rugged landscapes, from its towering Rockies to its lowest, most colorful canyons (峡谷). Durango & Silverton Narrow gauge Railway Silver and gold were being mined and exported from the Durango and Silverton areas by this short-and-sweet railroad when it was in operation, which makes it a National Historic Landmark. The experience takes you onto the railways of yore deep into the San Juan Mountains, offering jaw-dropping views during any season. Just know that it’s a steam engine, making it louder than other trains. Grand Canyon Railway If you want an unbeatable entrance into the Grand Canyon, go on the Grand Canyon Railway. It’s been in operation since 1901 and has had over a century to nail its service. You can choose from six different options when you buy your ticket based on comfort and service levels. If views are your focus, go with the Observation Dome. Cape Cod Central Railway This fun train journey takes you across the Cape Cod region, specializing in lunch, brunch, and dinner journeys. All excursion trains come with various classes, letting you choose the tickets that suit your budget. The same for public and private tables, which makes this a surprisingly affordable add-on to any Cape Cod trip. 1. Which route of Rocky Mountaineer is the most famous? A. From Rockies to Grand Canyon. B. From Denver to Moab, Utah. C. From Denver to San Juan Mountains. D. From Moab, Utah to Cape Cod. 2. Why is Durango & Silverton Narrow gauge Railway a National Historic Landmark? A. It owns loud steam trains. B. It has a history of over a century. C. It operates in the San Juan Mountains. D. It once transported silver and gold mines. 3. What should you choose for the best views on Grand Canyon Railway? A. The private service. B. The cheapest option. C. The Observation Dome. D. The lunch journey ticket. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了美国四条风景优美的火车旅行路线。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Rocky Mountaineer部分中“Its most famous route is the Rockies to Red rocks journey, which starts in Denver and ends in Moab, Utah.(其最著名的路线是“落基山脉至红岩”的之旅，该路线始于丹佛，终点在犹他州的莫阿布)”可知，Rocky Mountaineer最著名的路线是从丹佛出发，终点为犹他州的摩押。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad部分中“Silver and gold were being mined and exported from the Durango and Silverton areas by this short-and-sweet railroad when it was in operation, which makes it a National Historic Landmark.(在运营期间，这条短而便捷的铁路从杜兰戈和西尔弗顿地区开采并运出了银矿和金矿，因此它被列为国家历史遗迹)”可知，该铁路曾用于运输银矿和金矿，这一历史背景使其成为国家历史地标。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Grand Canyon Railway部分中“If views are your focus, go with the Observation Dome.(如果您更注重观赏效果，那就选择“观景穹顶”吧)”可知，若想在该铁路上欣赏最佳风景，应选择Observation Dome。故选C。 B We’ve all been there: in a line with a basket of a few items for payment, cash or credit cards prepared, perhaps with only one or two customers ahead of us. And so it was today for me at a shop a mile or so from my home. I had three items. A woman with her teenage boys ahead of me had twice as many items as mine. The customer at the register, a white-haired woman, had already begun to bag her items and was holding out cash to pay for them. Then came the problem. Sometimes it’s a customer who forgot to weigh a piece of fruit, or someone searching for exact change. Fair enough. One waits. But today, it was something else. For whatever reason, this white-haired woman didn’t have enough money. And so she began choosing which items to keep and which to hand back. She looked at each one for a long time before keeping or giving it up. We waited. Longer lines rushed ahead. The wait went on and on. Outside, my bus came and went. Finally in the black, the woman turned back to us as she left, with her face turning red. We waved off her discomfiture. It could happen to anyone. We were honestly understanding. But I had no idea just how understanding the family ahead of me were until their turn came. The woman with the teenagers asked the cashier to add all the items the white-haired woman had left to her list as quickly as possible. The cashier did as told. Then the two boys rushed to the white-haired woman with the small bag of items. When they returned, it was clear their task had been completed. All it took to witness this act of kindness was waiting a little longer in a checkout line. I could have caught the next bus. But I felt so light on my feet that I walked home instead. 4. How does the author start the text? A. By introducing a way of payment. B. By describing a situation in a shop. C. By comparing customers’ behaviours. D. By showing the preparation for shopping. 5. What problem did the white-haired woman have? A. She couldn’t afford all the goods she chose. B. She didn’t have some of the goods weighed. C. She didn’t know how to return the goods. D. She couldn’t find the accurate change. 6. What does the underlined word “discomfiture” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Confusion. B. Anger. C. Tiredness. D. Awkwardness. 7 What was the two teenagers’ task? A. Putting the items into the small bags. B. Helping the cashier to add up the items. C. Sending the white-haired woman her unpaid items. D. Placing the white-haired woman’s items on the shelf. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者以 “超市结账排队” 这一常见场景切入，讲述了自己的亲身经历：在超市排队付款时，前方一位白发妇人因钱不够无法支付所选商品，只能逐一挑选取舍，导致队伍延误。排在作者前方的一位母亲在轮到自己结账时，主动要求收银员将白发妇人放弃的商品加入自己的账单，并让儿子们把这些商品送给了这位妇人。 4题详解】 推理判断题。通过阅读文章可知，第一段内容“We’ve all been there: in a line with a basket of a few items for payment, cash or credit cards prepared, perhaps with only one or two customers ahead of us.(我们每个人都有过这样的经历：排着队准备付款，手里拿着装着少量商品的购物篮，而此时前面可能只有寥寥几位顾客还在排队。)”引出“超市排队付款”的常见场景，然后在第二段开头“And so it was today for me at a shop a mile or so from my home.(所以，今天在我离家一英里左右的一家商店里，就发生了这样的事。)”切入作者当天的购物经历，属于典型的“场景描述式开头”。由此推知，文章是以描述商店里的一种场景而开头的。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“For whatever reason, this white-haired woman didn’t have enough money.(不管出于什么原因，这位白发妇人手头并没有足够的钱。)”可知，白发妇人的问题是没有足够的钱支付商品。故选A项。 【6题详解】 词义猜测题。根据前文内容“We waited. Longer lines rushed ahead. The wait went on and on. Outside, my bus came and went. Finally in the black, the woman turned back to us as she left, with her face turning red.(我们一直等着。更长的队伍都在迅速往前移动。等待仿佛没有尽头。外面，我要搭乘的公交车来了又走。终于，天色彻底黑了下来，这位妇人离开时转过身看向我们，满脸通红。)”可知，这位白发妇人因钱不够无法支付，耽误了大家的时间，离开时脸红，这是典型的“尴尬”表现。而后文“It could happen to anyone. We were honestly understanding.(这可能发生在任何人身上。我们真诚地理解了。)”则表明大家都能理解这种情况，挥手告别以示安慰。因此可推知，画线单词应是“尴尬”含义，与D项“Awkwardness.(尴尬。)”表达含义一致。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“The woman with the teenagers asked the cashier to add all the items the white-haired woman had left to her list as quickly as possible. The cashier did as told. Then the two boys rushed to the white-haired woman with the small bag of items. When they returned, it was clear their task had been completed.(这位带着十几岁孩子的女士要求收银员尽快将这位白发妇人留下的所有物品添加到她的清单上。收银员按照吩咐做了。然后，两个男孩拿着一小袋东西冲向那个白发妇人。当他们回来时，很明显他们的任务已经完成了。)”可知，母亲让收银员将白发妇人“放弃的商品”加入自己的账单，然后男孩们带着装有这些商品的小袋子冲向妇人，归来时袋子已经没了。由此推断，他们的任务是将白发妇人未能购买的商品送给她。故选C项。 C The “open science” concept is gaining more followers, especially through the efforts of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Over the past several years, the Organization has been consulting on how science can become more collaborative (协作的), transparent, accessible, equitable and inclusive. At the end of last year, UNESCO published a report on the current status of this effort. UNESCO’s report described several examples of positive initiatives, such as in research collaboration, open-access scientific publishing and public engagement in science. For example, in 2020, the Brazilian government launched the National Platform of Research Infrastructure, a digital platform in which scientific institutions can register their available facilities and make them available to researchers outside their organization. The European Commission, based in Brussels, was an early supporter of open science. Between 2002 and 2020, it increased its funding for societal engagement projects from €88 million to €462 million. Other indicators are less rosy, however. Around three-quarters of publications in open-access databases are in just six languages — with nearly half being in English alone. And in spite of some of the progress mentioned, overall the report finds that scientific institutions, such as universities, national science academies and journals, are struggling to include communities, in all their diversity, in the process of creating scientific knowledge itself. The United Nations (UN)’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the best attempt to map a pathway towards a better future, and a more open approach to science could have a larger part to play in achieving them. That attempt needs as much help as it can get: Monitoring SDGs indicators is one obvious way that citizen scientists can help. Some of the largest gaps in the collection of relevant SDGs data are in low-and middle-income countries, which is where citizen research can really make a difference. The UNESCO report shines a much-needed light on some promising developments in open science. The challenge will be how to accumulate (累积) individual examples of good practice into something similar to a critical mass, so that, in cases such as monitoring the SDGs, they can be made use of to get the world to where it needs to be. 8. How did the Brazilian government contribute to open science? A. It made Internet more accessible worldwide. B. It set up a digital resource-sharing platform. C. It funded Europe’s societal engagement projects. D. It translated publications into multiple languages. 9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Examples of some new initiatives. B. Indicators of a promising science field. C. Problems of current open science. D. Difficulties of creating scientific knowledge. 10. What is a suggested way to help achieve SDGs? A. Helping the poor increase their incomes. B. Creating city maps around the world. C. Providing more support for online technology. D. Encouraging citizens to engage in science. 11. What can we learn from the text? A. There is a long way to go for global open science. B. Professional scientists should give way to citizens. C Poor countries are unlikely to benefit from open science. D. More successful models are needed to convince UNESCO. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了联合国教科文组织在推动开放科学方面的努力与挑战。   【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, in 2020, the Brazilian government launched the National Platform of Research Infrastructure, a digital platform in which scientific institutions can register their available facilities and make them available to researchers outside their organization.(例如，2020年，巴西政府推出了国家研究基础设施平台，这是一个数字平台，科学机构可以在其中注册其可用设施，并将其提供给组织外的研究人员)”可知，巴西政府创建了共享资源的数字平台来助力开放科学。故选B。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Other indicators are less rosy, however. Around three-quarters of publications in open-access databases are in just six languages — with nearly half being in English alone. And in spite of some of the progress mentioned, overall the report finds that scientific institutions, such as universities, national science academies and journals, are struggling to include communities, in all their diversity, in the process of creating scientific knowledge itself.(然而，其他指标则不那么乐观。开放获取数据库中约有四分之三的出版物仅使用六种语言，其中近一半仅使用英语。尽管取得了一些进展，但总体而言，报告发现，大学、国家科学院和期刊等科学机构正在努力将各种各样的社区纳入创造科学知识的过程中)”可知，本段主要介绍了当前开放科学的不足之处，包括多数开放获取数据库中的出版物语言不够多样化和科学机构在创建多样性科学知识方面的困难。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“That attempt needs as much help as it can get: Monitoring SDGs indicators is one obvious way that citizen scientists can help. Some of the largest gaps in the collection of relevant SDGs data are in low-and middle-income countries, which is where citizen research can really make a difference.(这一尝试需要尽可能多的帮助：监测可持续发展目标指标是公民科学家可以提供帮助的一种明显方式。在收集可持续发展目标相关数据方面，一些最大的差距出现在低收入和中等收入国家，这是公民研究真正可以发挥作用的地方)”可知，多依靠公民科学家参与科学研究，是帮助实现联合国可持续发展目标的方法。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The challenge will be how to accumulate (累积) individual examples of good practice into something similar to a critical mass, so that, in cases such as monitoring the SDGs, they can be made use of to get the world to where it needs to be.(挑战在于如何将良好做法的单个例子积累成类似于临界质量的东西，以便在监测可持续发展目标等情况下，可以利用这些例子让世界达到需要的地方)”可知，文章提到了开放科学发展中的一些积极因素，但也指出不少问题和挑战，表明全球范围内的开放科学还有很长的路需要走。故选A。 D Thermal pollution is a rapid change in temperature in a natural body of water. This pollution is most often caused by heated discharge(排放) from an industrial facility or another human activity. Thermal pollution can result in disturbances in natural systems and stress, disease, or even death for affected organisms. In a 2016 global analysis of thermal pollution in rivers, the Mississippi River topped the list. 62 percent of the river’s heat discharges came from coal-fired power plants, and 28 percent from nuclear power generation. Other thermal pollution sources included agricultural run-off and wastewater. Thermal pollution is a growing concern, especially with climate change worsening increases in water temperature from power plants, industry, agriculture, and other human sources. As of 2013, about a third of total power generation in the U. S. came from power plants that used once-through cooling. This is typical of older energy generation facilities. A 2016 study found that half of the global freshwater heat discharges come from nuclear and coal plants from the 1970s and 1980s. Some older power plants that employ once-through cooling are shutting down as aging equipment and increasing restrictions on air and water pollution, water consumption, and thermal discharge decrease profitability and increase duty. In the U. S. thermal pollution is regulated by the federal Clean Water Act, which requires states to set limits for thermal discharges from power plants to protect aquatic organisms and wildlife. Power plants must meet temperature discharge standards to qualify for the permits, or alternatively, prove that the discharge temperature has no harmful environmental effects. However, this doesn’t happen often in practice. There is now a shift away from once-through cooling—not only because of thermal pollution but because of the overall pressure that water-intensive processes place on aquatic and marine life. In 2010, California issued a regulation to phase out(逐步淘汰) once-through cooling at coastal power plants that use ocean water. Existing and emerging technologies provide other means of reducing thermal pollution from power plants and other industrial sources. These include reducing the amount of water released by such facilities and capturing heated wastewater for other purposes to reduce discharges. Whatever they are, they are worth trying. 12. What did the 2016 global analysis find about the Mississippi River? A. The natural systems of it were in complete disorder. B. Most of its thermal pollution resulted from power plants. C. It suffered little impact from nuclear power generation. D. Its water pollution was unrelated to agricultural wastewater. 13. Why are the plants using once-through cooling closing down? A. They are less profitable. B. They are out of control. C. They are irresponsible. D. They are too dependent. 14. What can we infer about America’s Clean Water Act? A. It fails to generate desirable effects. B. It sets an example for other countries. C. It gives more freedom to power plants. D. It has the same limit on discharges nationwide. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To criticize the illegal operation of power plants. B. To introduce innovative ways to get clean energy. C. To appeal for efforts to tackle thermal pollution. D. To show the negative impacts of thermal pollution. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了应对热污染的方案及效果，并呼吁尝试各种方案应对热污染。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In a 2016 global analysis of thermal pollution in rivers, the Mississippi River topped the list. 62 percent of the river’s heat discharges came from coal-fired power plants, and 28 percent from nuclear power generation.(在 2016 年对河流热污染的全球分析中，密西西比河位居榜首。该河62%的热量排放来自燃煤电厂，28% 来自核能发电。)”可知，密西西比河的大部分热污染源于发电厂。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Some older power plants that employ once-through cooling are shutting down as aging equipment and increasing restrictions on air and water pollution, water consumption, and thermal discharge decrease profitability and increase duty.(一些使用直流冷却的老旧发电厂正在关闭，原因是设备老化，以及对空气和水污染、水消耗和热排放的限制不断增加，降低了盈利能力并增加了成本。)”可知，这些工厂关闭是因为利润降低。故选A。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“In the U. S., thermal pollution is regulated by the federal Clean Water Act, which requires states to set limits for thermal discharges from power plants to protect aquatic organisms and wildlife. Power plants must meet temperature discharge standards to qualify for the permits, or alternatively, prove that the discharge temperature has no harmful environmental effects. However, this doesn’t happen often in practice.(在美国，热污染受联邦《清洁水法》的监管，该法要求各州对发电厂的热排放设定限制，以保护水生生物和野生动物。发电厂必须符合温度排放标准才能获得许可证，或者证明排放温度对环境没有有害影响。然而，这在实践中并不经常发生。)”可知，这里的this指的是前文提到的发电厂必须达到温度排放标准才能获得许可，或者证明排放温度对环境没有有害影响，由此可推断出《清洁水法》未能产生理想的效果。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了热污染的成因、危害、现状以及相关治理措施，最后强调现有的和新兴的技术提供了减少热污染的方法，值得尝试，整体是在呼吁人们努力解决热污染问题。故选C。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Box breathing, also known as four-square breathing, is a powerful technique that can help reduce stress, improve focus, and promote relaxation. Used by everyone from Navy SEALs to corporate professionals, this mindful breathing method involves inhaling (吸入), holding, exhaling, and holding again. ____16____. To begin with, find a quiet and comfortable place to sit or lie down. Here’s how to do it: ●Inhale for a count of four, breathing deeply and slowly through your nose. ●Hold the breath for another count of four, keeping your body relaxed. ●Exhale slowly through your mouth to a count of four, focusing on releasing any tension. ●____17____. Repeat this process for at least five minutes at first. Gradually, maintain it for longer periods as you become more comfortable with the technique. Box breathing is an ideal practice for calming the mind, and even a few minutes can help relieve tension and enhance focus. ____18____. Medical News Today reports that by slowing down your breathing, this technique helps activate the body’s parasympathetic nervous system, which can lower your heart rate and blood pressure. ____19____, making it easier to manage anxiety and reduce the negative impacts of stressful situations. For those experiencing heightened stress or anxiety, box breathing can bring a sense of control. Focusing on each breath’s timing creates a mental break from stress, helping to clear the mind and improve concentration. Box breathing can be practiced anytime. ____20____. With practice, you may notice that it becomes easier to manage daily stresses and maintain a clearer, more focused mind. Including box breathing into your day-to-day life can offer a meaningful shift toward mental clarity, resilience (适应力), and relaxation. A. Box breathing is a helpful tool yet to be defined B. This relaxation response fights against the effects of stress. C. Hold again for a count of four before starting the cycle over. D. With regular practice, box breathing can generate significant benefits. E. It’s especially effective when used in stressful moments or before important tasks. F. According to WebMD, box breathing is a four-step technique that anyone can try. G. Set aside a few minutes each day and you will make box breathing a part of your routine. 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了箱式呼吸的实践步骤和益处，并建议将其变为日常活动。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Box breathing, also known as four-square breathing, is a powerful technique that can help reduce stress, improve focus, and promote relaxation. Used by everyone from Navy SEALs to corporate professionals, this mindful breathing method involves inhaling (吸入), holding, exhaling, and holding again.(箱式呼吸法，也被称为四方呼吸法，是一种强大的技巧，可以帮助减轻压力、提高注意力和促进放松。从海豹突击队队员到企业专业人士，每个人都在使用这种专注的呼吸方法，它包括吸气、屏气、呼气，然后再屏气。)”以及后文 “To begin with, find a quiet and comfortable place to sit or lie down. Here’s how to do it:(首先，找一个安静舒适的地方坐下或躺下。以下是具体做法：)”可知，此处是在进一步说明箱式呼吸法是一种人人都能尝试的方法，且后文要介绍具体做法，F选项“According to WebMD, box breathing is a four-step technique that anyone can try(根据美国医学网站WebMD的说法，箱式呼吸法是一种任何人都可以尝试的四步技巧)”起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选F项。 【17题详解】 根据前文“●Inhale for a count of four, breathing deeply and slowly through your nose.(●数四下吸气，用鼻子深深地、慢慢地吸气。)●Hold the breath for another count of four, keeping your body relaxed.(●再数四下屏气，保持身体放松。)●Exhale slowly through your mouth to a count of four, focusing on releasing any tension.(●用嘴慢慢地呼气，数四下，专注于释放任何紧张情绪。)”可知，这里是在介绍箱式呼吸法的具体步骤，C选项“Hold again for a count of four before starting the cycle over(在重新开始这个循环之前，再数四下屏气)”为祈使句，且与前文的步骤相呼应，是箱式呼吸法的步骤之一，符合语境。故 C项。 【18题详解】 根据后文“Medical News Today reports that by slowing down your breathing, this technique helps activate the body’s parasympathetic nervous system, which can lower your heart rate and blood pressure.(《今日医学新闻》报道称，通过放慢呼吸，这种技巧有助于激活身体的副交感神经系统，从而降低心率和血压。)”可知，此处是在阐述箱式呼吸法带来的好处，D选项“With regular practice, box breathing can generate significant benefits(通过定期练习，箱式呼吸法可以产生显著的好处)”总述了箱式呼吸法能带来好处，引出下文，符合语境。故选 D 项。 【19题详解】 根据前文“Medical News Today reports that by slowing down your breathing, this technique helps activate the body’s parasympathetic nervous system, which can lower your heart rate and blood pressure.(《今日医学新闻》报道称，通过放慢呼吸，这种技巧有助于激活身体的副交感神经系统，从而降低心率和血压。)”以及后文 “making it easier to manage anxiety and reduce the negative impacts of stressful situations.(使控制焦虑和减少压力情况的负面影响变得更容易。)”可知，这里是在说明箱式呼吸法通过激活副交感神经系统所带来的一系列好处，此空应为承上启下的作用，B选项“This relaxation response fights against the effects of stress(这种放松反应能对抗压力的影响)”承接前文激活副交感神经系统带来的放松，又引出后文对抗压力等好处，符合语境。故选B项。 【20题详解】 根据前文“Box breathing can be practiced anytime.(箱式呼吸法可以在任何时候练习。)”可知，箱式呼吸法随时可以练习，体现了其易操作性，结合后文“With practice, you may notice that it becomes easier to manage daily stresses and maintain a clearer, more focused mind.(通过练习，你可能会注意到，应对日常压力变得更容易，并且能保持更清晰、更专注的思维。)”可知，此处是在鼓励人们将箱式呼吸法融入日常生活并坚持练习，G选项“Set aside a few minutes each day and you will make box breathing a part of your routine(每天留出几分钟时间，你就会让箱式呼吸法成为你日常生活的一部分)”与本段的主题吻合，强调了每天练习箱式呼吸法，使其成为日常习惯，符合语境，。故选G项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I found myself again on the water’s surface a few days later. This time I was in a kayak (皮划艇) on Lake Brienz in Interlaken. Having kayaked many times before, I was ____21____ of doing this. One by one, we ____22____ our group guide Stephanos Gaitanos. ____23____ the oar (桨) to the best of my ability, I tried to play the part and take in the ____24____, but soon I began to drift away. In panic, I began to oar even faster. Far from ____25____, this pushed me further away. I waited to be ____26____, after what felt like a century, embarrassed and exhausted (疲惫不堪) from the ____27____. When Gaitanos caught up with me, he ____28____ guided me on how to oar. As I tried harder and harder, my arms burning, he told me to simply do what I knew. The minute I let go and got relaxed, I managed to get ____29____ and could oar my kayak in the right direction. In that moment, Gaitanos had given me an important ____30____ when things go wrong, sometimes all we need to do is ____31____ and approach the situation with a ____32____ mind. As we oared towards the ____33____, everyone cheered me on. I felt proud of myself, for having tried, ____34____ and learnt. In that moment Lake Brienz truly shone in all her amazing beauty and I was fully ____35____ to take it all in. 21. A. careful B. free C. proud D. confident 22. A. surprised B. acknowledged C. followed D. challenged 23. A. Handling B. Restoring C. Replacing D. Testing 24. A. strengths B. surroundings C. directions D. routines 25. A. mattering B. escaping C. disappearing D. helping 26. A. rescued B. criticized C. abandoned D. investigated 27. A. guidance B. effort C. competition D. ambition 28. A. frequently B. violently C. patiently D. randomly 29. A. permission B. control C. practice D. sympathy 30. A. opportunity B. reward C. goal D. lesson 31. A. take over B. give in C. step aside D. move forward 32. A. calm B. generous C. kind D. different 33. A. strangers B. winners C. members D. coaches 34. A. recovered B. interrupted C. refused D. failed 35. A. present B. mature C. curious D. skillful 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在瑞士因特拉肯的布里恩茨湖上划皮划艇的经历。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于以前划过很多次皮划艇，我对这次活动感到自信。A. careful小心的；B. free自由的；C. proud自豪的；D. confident自信的。根据上文的“Having kayaked many times before”可知，作者有多次划皮划艇的经验，所以对此次活动很自信。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一个接一个地跟随我们的团队向导Stephanos Gaitanos。A. surprised使惊讶；B. acknowledged承认；C. followed跟随；D. challenged挑战。下文的“group guide(团队向导)”暗示组织性活动，“followed(跟随)”体现标准流程。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我竭尽全力划动船桨，试图扮演好划艇者的角色并观察四周环境，但很快就开始偏离方向。A. Handling操纵，操作；B. Restoring恢复；C. Replacing替换；D. Testing测试。根据下文的“the oar (桨) to the best of my ability”可知，此处表示操作船桨，即划船。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我竭尽全力划动船桨，试图扮演好划艇者的角色并观察四周环境，但很快就开始偏离方向。A. strengths优势；B. surroundings环境；C. directions方向；D. routines常规。根据上文的“take in”和下文的“but soon I began to drift away”可知，在划船的过程中作者需要观察周围环境。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这反而让我漂得更远了。A. mattering重要；B. escaping逃跑；C. disappearing消失；D. helping帮助。上文“I began to oar even faster.”和“pushed me further away”是转折关系，“Far from helping(非但无益)”固定搭配，符合语境，即快速划桨并没有让作者“走上正轨”反而漂得更远。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我等着被救援，经过了漫长的一段时间，我因努力而感到尴尬和疲惫。A. rescued救援；B. criticized批评；C. abandoned抛弃；D. investigated调查。根据上文的“but soon I began to drift away”和“Far from 　5　, this pushed me further away.”可知，作者失控后自然期待救援。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我等着被救援，经过了漫长的一段时间，我因努力而感到尴尬和疲惫。A. guidance指导；B. effort努力；C. competition竞争；D. ambition抱负。根据上文的“In panic, I began to oar even faster.”可知，作者因努力划桨而疲惫。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当Gaitanos追上我时，他耐心地指导我如何划桨。A. frequently频繁地；B. violently猛烈地；C. patiently耐心地；D. randomly随机地。根据下文的“guided me on how to oar”可知，他耐心地指导作者。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在我放松下来的时候，我成功地控制住了局面，能够将我的皮划艇划向正确的方向。A. permission许可；B. control控制；C. practice练习；D. sympathy同情。根据下文的“could oar my kayak in the right direction”可知，此处表示放松后重新掌控皮划艇。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那一刻，Gaitanos让我领悟了一个重要教训：当事态失控时，有时我们最需要的是抽身后退，以冷静清醒的头脑应对局面。A. opportunity机会；B. reward奖励；C. goal目标；D. lesson教训。根据下文的“when things go wrong, sometimes all we need to do is ____ and approach the situation with a ____ mind.”可知，此处表示作者经历此事后得到的教训。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，Gaitanos让我领悟了一个重要教训：当事态失控时，有时我们最需要的是抽身后退，以冷静清醒的头脑应对局面。A. take over接管；B. give in屈服；C. step aside靠边站，避开，让开；D. move forward前进。根据上文的“The minute I let go and got relaxed, I managed to ge ____ and could oar my kayak in the right direction.”可知，作者领悟到遇事时，有时需要抽身后退，冷静应对。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在那一刻，Gaitanos让我领悟了一个重要教训：当事态失控时，有时我们最需要的是抽身后退，以冷静清醒的头脑应对局面。A. calm冷静的；B. generous慷慨的；C. kind善良的；D. different不同的。根据上文的“The minute I let go and got relaxed, I managed to get ____ and could oar my kayak in the right direction.”可知，此处指要冷静应对事态。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们划向其他队员时，每个人都为我加油。A. strangers陌生人；B. winners获胜者；C. members队员；D. coaches教练。根据下文的“everyone cheered me on”可知，此处表示其他队员。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我为自己感到自豪，因为我尝试过，失败过，并学到了东西。A. recovered恢复；B. interrupted打断；C. refused拒绝；D. failed失败。根据上一段的“I waited to be ____ , after what felt like a century, embarrassed and exhausted (疲惫不堪) from the ____ ”可知，作者经历过，失败过。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，布里恩茨湖展现出了她惊人的美丽，我完全沉浸在其中。A. present在场的；B. mature成熟的；C. curious好奇的；D. skillful熟练的。根据下文的“take it all in”可知，此处表示完全沉浸在当下美景中，present(在场的)最贴切。故选A项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a classroom at the Confucius Institute of the University of Granada, in Spain, a group of Spanish students mirrored their teacher’s martial arts (武术) ____36____(movement): holding horse stance, jabbing with controlled force and retracting elbows in fluid arcs (弧线). Leading them ____37____(be) Zhang Daojin, an inheritor of Six Harmony Praying Mantis boxing (六合螳螂拳), ____38____ is a kung fu style originating from Shandong Province in east China. Zhang recently concluded ____39____ two-week cultural exchange program in Spain, sharing Chinese kung fu with martial arts enthusiasts from Spain and other European countries. Besides Six Harmony Praying Mantis boxing, ____40____(celebrate) for its unique combination of strength and gentleness, Zhang also introduced Tai Chi and Qigong, bringing engaging conversations about martial arts and the ____41____(rich) of traditional Chinese culture. “The Spanish students are passionate and adaptable to different cultures,” Zhang remarked. “Some have even made the journey to Shandong several times ____42____(deepen) their kung fu practice.” As martial arts continue to grow popular in Spain, more and more enthusiasts are traveling to China for training, ____43____ according to Bu Shan, the Chinese director of the Confucius Institute, even over a hundred martial arts schools ____44____(build) in Spain so far. She believes martial arts promote mutual understanding and provide insights into Chinese culture. Isabel Maria Balsas Urena, the Spanish director of the Confucius Institute, said martial arts go beyond physical techniques. “It’s a philosophical practice,” she explained. “It develops values like respect and sharing, ultimately teaching us how to live ____45____(harmonious) with one another.” 【答案】36. movements 37. was 38. which 39. a 40. celebrated 41. richness 42. to deepen 43. and 44. have been built 45. harmoniously 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了西班牙格拉纳达大学孔子学院举办的中国武术文化交流活动：西班牙学生热情学习六合螳螂拳，中西武术爱好者交流频繁，从而增进了西方武术爱好者对中国文化的了解。 【36题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：在西班牙格拉纳达大学孔子学院的一间教室里，一群西班牙学生模仿着老师的武术动作：扎马步、发力稳健地出拳，肘部以流畅的弧线收回。根据下文“holding horse stance, jabbing with controlled force and retracting elbows in fluid arcs (弧线)”可知，此处表示各种武术动作，movement应用复数形式，故填movements。 【37题详解】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：带领他们的是六合螳螂拳传承人张道锦，六合螳螂拳是发源于中国东部山东省的一种武术流派。此处为表语前置引起的完全倒装句，主语为Zhang Daojin，表示单数意义，且发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填was。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：带领他们的是六合螳螂拳传承人张道锦，六合螳螂拳是发源于中国东部山东省的一种武术流派。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Six Harmony Praying Mantis boxing，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：张道锦近期在西班牙完成了一项为期两周的文化交流项目，与来自西班牙及其他欧洲国家的武术爱好者分享了中国功夫。program“项目”为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一个两周的文化交流项目”，且two-week的发音是辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：除了以刚柔并济的独特风格著称的六合螳螂拳，张道锦还介绍了太极拳和气功，引发了人们关于武术以及中国传统文化丰富内涵的热烈探讨。be celebrated for“以……闻名/著称”，此处省略be，用形容词短语作后置定语。故填celebrated。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：除了以刚柔并济的独特风格著称的六合螳螂拳，张道锦还介绍了太极拳和气功，引发了人们关于武术以及中国传统文化丰富内涵的热烈探讨。根据上文“the”和下文“of”可知，用rich的名词形式richness“丰富”构成名词所有格。故填richness。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“有些人甚至多次前往山东，以深化他们武术修行。”句中已有谓语动词have made，空处应用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处用不定式作目的状语，故填to deepen。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：随着武术在西班牙日益流行，越来越多的爱好者前往中国接受训练。据该孔子学院的中方院长卜珊（音译）介绍，截至目前，西班牙已建成的武术学校甚至超过了一百所。此处连接两个句子且表示并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 【44题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：随着武术在西班牙日益流行，越来越多的爱好者前往中国接受训练。据该孔子学院的中方院长卜珊（音译）介绍，截至目前，西班牙已建成的武术学校甚至超过了一百所。根据下文“so far”可知，本句用现在完成时，主语over a hundred martial arts schools和谓语build为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been built。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：“它（武术）培养人们尊重、分享等价值观，最终教会我们如何与他人和谐共处。”该空修饰动词live，作状语，用提示词的副词形式harmoniously。故填harmoniously。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你校的英文报刊正在举办主题为How Foreigners Celebrate a Traditional Chinese Festival的征文活动。请给你的交换生好友Alan写封邮件，内容包括: 1. 鼓励他投稿; 2. 告知征文活动的相关要求。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Alan, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Alan, I’m excited to share a piece of news that our school English newspaper is looking for articles with the title of How Foreigners Celebrate a Traditional Chinese Festival. Since you always show an interest in traditional Chinese festivals. I think the activity is well worth participating in. For the writing, you are required to choose one of the traditional Chinese festivals and share the story about how you celebrated it. I’ve attached more detailed requirements for the writing to the email, so please remember to check it. I’m sure you will enjoy the activity and benefit a lot. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给交换生好友Alan写封邮件，鼓励他参加学校举办的主题为How Foreigners Celebrate a Traditional Chinese Festival的征文活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的：excited→thrilled 值得做某事：be worth doing sth.→deserve doing sth. 选择：choose→select 喜欢：enjoy→be fond of 2.句式拓展 同义句转化 原句：I’m excited to share a piece of news that our school English newspaper is looking for articles with the title of How Foreigners Celebrate a Traditional Chinese Festival. 拓展句：I’m excited to share a piece of news that our school English newspaper is looking for articles whose title is How Foreigners Celebrate a Traditional Chinese Festival. 【点睛】[高分句型1]I’m excited to share a piece of news that our school English newspaper is looking for articles with the title of How Foreigners Celebrate a Traditional Chinese Festival.（运用了that引导同位语从句） [高分句型2] For the writing, you are required to choose one of the traditional Chinese festivals and share the story about how you celebrated it.（运用了how引导宾语从句） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Did you write your thank- you notes?” I asked my younger son, Jon. “No, not yet, Mom,” Jon replied, rolling his eyes. “I’ll do it when I get back from Kim’s house.” “Sorry, that’s not going to happen!” I said seriously. “You’d better write a note to everyone you came into contact with during your interview before leaving.” “Even the receptionist who was rude to me?” Jon asked with a confused expression. “Especially her!” Jon was home on summer holiday from college and had just finished interviewing with his first- choice company in Cleveland, Ohio. The power of a thank- you note is something I developed in my boys from the time they were old enough to hold a pencil. No matter what festival it was, every gift had to be acknowledged with sincere gratitude within twenty- four hours. It was my hope that writing thank- you notes would change their life. After an hour, Jon appeared from his room and handed over eight thank- you notes. To my delight, they were all sincere and heartfelt— even the one to the receptionist who had been less friendly. Before Jon left to visit his friend Kim, he turned to me and announced, “Mom, I’m pretty sure that a thank- you note to the manager or the receptionist isn’t going to land me this job. But if it makes you happy, then it’s worth it.” “We’ll see about that,” I said, smiling at Jon, who was twenty- one years old. Ten days after the thank- you notes were mailed, Jon received a call from the company that he had interviewed with. When his cellphone rang for the second time, I asked, “Jon, why aren’t you responding?”. “They’re just calling to let me know that I didn’t get the job,” Jon said. “They don’t offer that politeness,” I explained. “They only give you a call when you get the job.” For days, Jon had been wandering around the house, feeling the weight of his school loans coming due after graduation and not having a job lined up. He had completely convinced himself that he didn’t get the job, but I knew better. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Jon, it’s almost 5:00 pm and you need to call back as soon as possible,” I reminded in the afternoon. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I tried to pretend like I hadn’t known what he said on the phone, but I’m not that good of an actress. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 “Jon, it’s almost 5:00 pm and you need to call back as soon as possible,” I reminded in the afternoon. Jon took a deep breath and made the call. I could hear his voice trembling as he spoke to the person on the other end. After a few minutes, he hung up the phone and looked at me with a huge smile on his face. “Mom, I got the job!” he shouted. I tried to pretend like I hadn’t known what he said on the phone, but I’m not that good of an actress. I couldn’t hide my excitement and hugged him tightly. “I’m so proud of you, Jon. I knew those thank-you notes would make a difference.” Jon nodded and said, “You were right, Mom. Thank you for teaching me the importance of gratitude.” From that day on, Jon never forgot to express his thanks and appreciation in every situation. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲故事围绕作者的儿子Jon在面试后，尽管对接待他的工作人员有些不满，但在母亲的坚持下仍然写了感谢信给所有接触到的人，包括那位不太友好的接待员。最终，Jon收到了心仪公司的录用电话，证明了感谢信在职业机会中的积极影响。这不仅帮助Jon获得了工作，也让他深刻认识到感恩与感激的重要性，从而改变了他的人生态度。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“‘Jon，都快下午5点了，你得尽快回电话。’我在下午时提醒道。”可知，第一段可描写Jon拨通电话得到自己被录取的好消息以及其开心激动的表现。 ②由第二段首句内容“我试着假装不知道他在电话里说了什么，但我不是个好演员。”可知，第二段可描写作者为Jon得到该职位表达出极其开心的情绪，同时描述Jon的个人感悟。 2.续写线索： Jon拨通电话询问录取情况——Jon得知自己被录取——Jon表达开心和惊讶——Jon将消息告知作者——Jon的最终感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①大喊：shout/scream ②拥抱某人：hug sb/give sb a hug ③表达：express/convey 情绪类 ①面带微笑：with a huge smile on one’s face/wear a big smile ②兴奋：excitement/thrill 【点睛】[高分句型1] I could hear his voice trembling as he spoke to the person on the other end. （as引导时间状语从句） [高分句型2] I knew those thank-you notes would make a difference.（省略that的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $