专题02 选择性必修第一册Unit 4 ～Unit 5单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语上学期人教版

专题01 选择性必修第一册Unit 4 ~Unit 5单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) Unit4 1. vary vi. (根据情况) 变化；改变→various adj. 各种各样的→variety n. 多样性；种类 2. approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过→approval n. 赞成；批准→approving adj. 赞许的→disapprove vi. 不赞成；不同意 3. employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用→employee n. 雇员→employer n. 雇主→employment n. 雇用；职业→unemployment n. 失业 4. differ vi. 相异；不同于→different adj. 不同的→difference n. 差别；差异 5. favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourable adj. 赞成的；有利的 6. anger n. 愤怒；怒气 vt. 使生气；激怒→angry adj. 生气的→angrily adv. 生气地 7. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi. 依赖；信赖→unreliable adj. 不可靠的 8. slight adj. 轻微的；略微的→slightly adv. 略微；稍微 9. assess vt. 评估；评价→assessment n. 评价；评定 10. educator n. 教师；教育工作者→educate vt. 教育→education n. 教育→educated adj. 受过教育的 11. occupy vt. 占据；占用→occupied adj. 忙于的；被占用的→occupation n. 职业；占领 12. embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的→embarrass vt. 使窘迫→embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的→embarrassment n. 难堪 13. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心→anxious adj. 焦虑的→anxiously adv. 焦虑地 14. adjust vt. 调整；调节 vi. 适应→adjustment n. 调整；适应→adjustable adj. 可调整的 15. react vi. （对……）起反应；回应→reaction n. 反应；回应 16. interpret vt. 把…… 理解为；口译→interpreter n. 口译者→interpretation n. 解释；口译 Unit5 1. devote vt. 把…… 献给；专心于 → devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠实的 → devotion n. 忠诚；挚爱 2. shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺 → short adj. 短的；矮的；缺乏的 → shorten v. (使) 变短；缩短 3. convince vt. 使相信；说服 → convinced adj. 确信的；信服的 → convincing adj. 令人信服的 4. assume vt. 假定；假设；承担 → assumption n. 假定；假设；承担 5. intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 → intensely adv. 强烈地；热切地 → intensity n. 强度；强烈 6. expand v. 扩大；增加；拓展 → expansion n. 扩大；增加；拓展 7. estimate v. 估计；估价；估算 → estimation n. 估计；估价 → overestimate v. 高估 → underestimate v. 低估 8. consume v. 消费；消耗 → consumer n. 消费者 → consumption n. 消费；消耗量 9. real adj. 现实的；真实的 → reality n. 现实；事实 → realize v. 意识到；实现 → realistic adj. 现实的 10. extend v. 延长；扩大 → extension n. 扩展部分；扩大；电话分机 11. chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学制品 → chemistry n. 化学 → chemist n. 化学家；药剂师 12. essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 → essence n. 本质；精华 → essentially adv. 本质上；根本上 13. depth n. 深度 → deep adj. 深的 → deeply adv. 深深地；极其 → deepen v. 加深 14. entire adj. 完全的；全部的 → entirely adv. 全部地；完全地 15. domestic adj. 国内的；家用的 → domestically adv. 国内地；家用地 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) Unit4 1. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 2. vary vi. (根据情况) 变化；改变 3. approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过 4. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 vt. 占用；挪用 5. employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用 6. witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证 n. 目击者；证人 7. distinguish vi.&vt. 区分；辨别 8. differ vi. 相异；不同于 9. favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同 10. occupy vt. 占据；占用；使忙于 11. adjust vt. 调整；调节 vi.&vt. 适应；(使) 习惯 12. contrast n. 对比；差异 vt. 形成对比 13. identical adj. 相同的；完全一样的 14. barrier n. 障碍；隔阂 15. embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的 16. bother vi.&vt. 费心；麻烦；使担心 n. 麻烦；不便 17. anger n. 愤怒；怒气 vt. 使生气 18. interaction n. 交互；互动 Unit5 1. devote vt.把…献(给)；把…专用于；专心于； 2. convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服； 3. attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到； 4. overcome (overcame,overcome)克服；解决；战胜； 5. estimate vt.估计；估价；估算；n.估计；估算； 6. domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的； 7. comprise v.包括；包含；由…组成； 8. reality n.现实；实际情况；事实； 9. alternative n.可供选择的事物；adj.可供替代的；非传统的； 10. depth n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)； 11. root n.根；根茎；根部；根源； 12. aspect n.方面；层面； ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) Unit4 1. body language 肢体语言 2. vary from...to... 在…… 到…… 之间变化 3. a variety of 各种各样的 4. be appropriate to/for 对…… 合适 5. make eye contact 进行眼神交流 6. by contrast 相比之下 7. by comparison 与…… 相比较 8. approve of 赞成；支持 9. in favour of 赞同；支持 10. look down on/upon 瞧不起；俯视 11. interpret...as... 把…… 理解为 12. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 13. straighten up 挺直；整理 14. in other words 换句话说 15. have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事 16. call on 拜访；号召 17. occupy oneself with/in doing sth. 忙于做某事 18. stare at 盯着看；凝视 19. react to 对…… 作出反应 20. adjust to 适应；调整 21. break down 消除；分解；出故障 22. get through 度过；通过；接通电话 23. make inferences 推理；推断 24. feel down 感到沮丧 Unit5 1. devote...to... 把…… 用于；献身于 2. a shortage of... 缺乏…… 3. succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 4. at home and abroad 在国内外 5. take on 呈现；承担（责任）；雇用 6. be comprised of 由…… 组成 7. in turn 相应地；转而；依次 8. for instance 例如；比如 9. make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 10. in addition 除此之外 11. focus on 关注；聚焦于 12. carry out 执行；实施 13. have an impact on... 对…… 有影响 14. play a role in... 在…… 中起作用 15. far from the case 远非如此 16. tackle the problem 解决问题 17. fulfil one’s dream 实现某人的梦想 18. make use of 利用 19. be rich in 富于；富含 20. overcome difficulties 克服困难 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1. v-ing 作表语 The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 最关键的是使用身体语言的方式要适合你所处的文化。 2. with 复合结构 With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 他们双手托着下巴，专注地盯着窗外或抬头望着天花板。 3. “否定词 + 比较级” 表最高级 And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更美好的了。 4. have + 宾语 + 宾补 So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. 因此，如果一个学生低下头看手表，这意味着他感到无聊，只是在数着时间等下课。 5. 不定式短语作后置定语 For example, making eye contact — looking into someone's eyes — in some countries is a way to display interest.例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流 —— 直视某人的眼睛 —— 是一种表达兴趣的方式。 6. when doing... 省略句式 In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person. 在日本，与长辈交谈时低头可能是表示尊重。 7. what引导主语从句 However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 8. It＋be＋过去分词＋that ... Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. 如今，据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。 9. given that ...鉴于，考虑到，引导条件状语从句 Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) Unit4 一、单元写作任务 本单元的话题是“非语言沟通”，与此相关的写作任务为撰写一篇关于肢体语言的说明文。这类文章旨在向读者清晰介绍肢体语言的定义、核心特征，重点阐述其在日常沟通中的应用场景（如人际交往、职场互动、跨文化交流等），并结合具体案例分析其文化差异性。核心目标是通过具象化的描述与逻辑分析，让读者理解肢体语言作为“无声语言”的沟通价值，掌握不同场景下肢体语言的运用技巧，避免因误用引发的误解。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 肢体语言 body language 非语言沟通 non-verbal communication 眼神交流 eye contact 面部表情 facial expression 文化差异 cultural difference 传达情感 convey emotions 避免误解 avoid misunderstanding 表示尊重 demonstrate respect 肢体动作 body gesture 跨文化交流 cross-cultural communication 表达赞同 express approval 传递信心 convey confidence 文化适应性 cultural adaptability 沟通效率 communication efficiency 面部表情 facial expression 2. 话题句式 (1) 段首句（引出主题/明确观点） As an essential part of non-verbal communication, body language plays a crucial role in our daily interactions. 作为非语言沟通的重要组成部分，肢体语言在日常交流中扮演着关键角色。 While words are important in communication, body language often conveys more authentic emotions that cannot be expressed verbally. 尽管语言在沟通中至关重要，但肢体语言往往能传递出无法用言语表达的更真实情感。 Body language varies from culture to culture, and understanding these differences is vital to avoiding misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication. 肢体语言因文化而异，理解这些差异对避免跨文化沟通中的误解至关重要。 It is universally acknowledged that body language, such as gestures and facial expressions, is an indispensable tool for human communication. 众所周知，手势、面部表情等肢体语言是人类沟通中不可或缺的工具。 (2) 主体段落（分析特征/举例说明） In daily life, simple body gestures can deliver clear messages. For example, nodding usually means "agreement" in most countries, while shaking one's head often indicates "disapproval". 在日常生活中，简单的肢体动作就能传递明确信息。例如，在大多数国家点头通常表示“同意”，而摇头则常意味着“反对”。 Body language also plays a key role in the workplace. A firm handshake and steady eye contact can convey confidence during a job interview, helping the interviewer leave a good impression. 肢体语言在职场中也发挥着重要作用。求职面试时，有力的握手和坚定的眼神交流能传递自信，帮助给面试官留下良好印象。 However, the same body language may have totally different meanings in different cultures. For instance, making direct eye contact is considered polite in Western countries, but it might be regarded as rude in some Asian cultures. 然而，相同的肢体语言在不同文化中可能有着截然不同的含义。例如，直视对方的眼睛在西方国家被视为礼貌，但在一些亚洲文化中可能被认为是无礼的。 Facial expressions are another important part of body language. A warm smile can break down communication barriers, making interactions more harmonious no matter where you are. 面部表情是肢体语言的另一重要组成部分。温暖的微笑能打破沟通隔阂，无论在何处都能让交流更加融洽。 (3) 段尾句（总结升华/提出建议） In conclusion, body language is a silent but powerful communication tool. Mastering its usage and cultural differences can greatly improve our communication efficiency. 总之，肢体语言是一种无声却有力的沟通工具。掌握其运用方法及文化差异，能显著提升我们的沟通效率。 Therefore, we should pay more attention to observing and learning body language in our daily life, so as to communicate more effectively with people from different backgrounds. 因此，我们在日常生活中应多留意观察和学习肢体语言，以便与不同背景的人更高效地沟通。 To sum up, body language complements verbal communication. Only by combining the two can we achieve more authentic and smooth interactions. 总而言之，肢体语言是语言沟通的补充。只有将两者结合，我们才能实现更真实、顺畅的交流。 It is necessary for us to understand the cultural connotations of body language, which will help us avoid unnecessary misunderstandings and build better interpersonal relationships. 了解肢体语言的文化内涵对我们来说十分必要，这将帮助我们避免不必要的误解，建立更良好的人际关系。 三、范文背诵 Dear Robert, I am glad to receive your email. Now I will tell you something about body language in China. First, in China,we wave our hands to say “hello” or “goodbye” . Second, we usually greet our guests by shaking hands with them. Of course, some people may nod and smile instead of shaking hands. Third, when you are introduced to a Chinese group, they may greet you with clapping their hands. In addition, like people in many other countries, we nod our heads to say “yes” and shake our heads to say “no”. Last but not least, people will hold their thumbs up to praise a person if he does something great. I hope this information will be helpful to you. Yours, Li Hua Unit5 一、单元写作任务 本单元的话题是农业发展的争议与选择，与此相关的写作任务为撰写一篇正反观点式议论文。这类文章需聚焦农业领域的具体争议议题，如 “是否应全面推广智能农业”“有机农业是否适合大规模种植”“传统耕作与现代化耕作孰优孰劣” 等。核心要求是先客观呈现正反两方的观点及支撑论据，再明确表达自己的立场并进行总结，引导读者理性看待农业发展中的矛盾，符合辩论性文章 “观点对立、论据充分、立场清晰” 的特点。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 (1) 智能农业 intelligent agriculture (2) 有机农业 organic agriculture (3) 传统耕作 traditional farming (4) 现代化耕作 modernized farming (5) 粮食产量 grain output (6) 生态环境 ecological environment (7) 化学肥料 chemical fertilizer (8) 农业技术 agricultural technology (9) 可持续发展 sustainable development (10) 大规模种植 large-scale planting (11) 土壤肥力 soil fertility (12) 病虫害防治 pest and disease control (13) 资源消耗 resource consumption (14) 食品安全 food safety 2. 话题句式 (1) 段首句（引出主题 / 提出争议） ① When it comes to the debate about whether we should promote intelligent agriculture on a large scale, people hold sharply different opinions.当谈及 “是否应该大规模推广智能农业” 的争论时，人们持有截然不同的观点。 ② There is a heated discussion over the choice between traditional farming and modernized farming in agricultural development.农业发展中，关于传统耕作和现代化耕作的选择引发了热烈讨论。 ③ As the population grows rapidly, the question of whether organic agriculture can meet the food demand has aroused widespread concern.随着人口快速增长，“有机农业能否满足粮食需求” 这一问题引起了广泛关注。 (2) 主体段落（呈现正反观点 / 列举论据） ① Those who support modernized farming argue that it can greatly improve grain output with the help of advanced technology and equipment, thus solving the problem of food shortage.支持现代化耕作的人认为，借助先进的技术和设备，它能大幅提高粮食产量，从而解决粮食短缺问题. ② On the contrary, opponents of this view point out that modernized farming relies too much on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which will damage the ecological environment and reduce soil fertility in the long run.相反，该观点的反对者指出，现代化耕作过度依赖化肥和农药，长期来看会破坏生态环境，降低土壤肥力。 ③ Advocates of organic agriculture claim that it produces pollution-free food, which is beneficial to people’s health and conforms to the concept of sustainable development.有机农业的拥护者声称，它生产的是无污染食品，有利于人体健康，且符合可持续发展理念。 ④ However, critics argue that organic agriculture has low efficiency and high cost, making it unsuitable for large-scale planting to feed a huge population.然而，批评者认为，有机农业效率低、成本高，不适合大规模种植以养活庞大的人口。 (3) 段尾句（明确立场 / 总结升华） ① From my perspective, we should not simply choose one over the other, but combine the advantages of traditional farming and modernized farming to achieve a balance between food output and ecological protection.在我看来，我们不应简单地二选一，而应结合传统耕作和现代化耕作的优势，在粮食产量和生态保护之间取得平衡。 ② In conclusion, intelligent agriculture is an inevitable trend of agricultural development, but we need to take effective measures to minimize its negative impact on the environment.总之，智能农业是农业发展的必然趋势，但我们需要采取有效措施，将其对环境的负面影响降到最低。 ③ To sum up, only by promoting agricultural development in a sustainable way can we ensure both food security and ecological balance for future generations.总而言之，只有以可持续的方式推动农业发展，我们才能为子孙后代同时保障食品安全和生态平衡。 三、范文背诵 Recently we held a discussion about whether to develop organic farming. Opinions vary from person to person. It is obvious that using chemical fertilisers has many disadvantages. Above all, the chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancer or other illnesses. Besides, the vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition. However, as people are becoming richer, they attach great importance to health, and organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritive. Moreover, the produce grows in clean water and never uses pesticides, which is beneficial to our health. As the old saying goes, health is the first wealth, so it is wiser to choose organic food. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. There is a strong tendency (趋势；倾向) to give dying patients far more drugs than are necessary. 2. People get job satisfaction from different factors, such as social interaction (交流) with colleagues. 3. She was embarrassed (尴尬的) when they asked her age. 4. He received the news of his father's sickness with great anxiety (焦虑). 5. Not everyone approves (赞同) of the proposal, which greatly disappointed him. 6．Many celebrities (名人) use their influence on social media to raise awareness about social issues, like poverty and environmental protection. 7．Good nutrition is essential (完全必要的；极其重要的) if patients are to make a quick recovery. 8．Genes determine the characteristics (特征) of every human being and play a critical role in shaping our lives. 9．It is a conventional (传统的) wedding with the bride in the traditional dress. 10．If these feelings become so intense (十分强烈的) that you can’t handle them, you may be suffering from depression. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Our program， which is mainly about students’ studies and school lives， has a different　 （differ） topic each time. 2.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷） As a special education （educate） teacher at the school， I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 3. (2023新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction（interact） they had with nature in the park. 4. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·B)However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing（witness） their mother earn her degree. 5. (2023全国甲卷语法填空)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed（employ） today to draw attention to important truths. 6.(2019·北京卷)At this year’s I/O Conference,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing (convince) human-sounding voice.  7.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption (consume).  8.（2023·全国乙卷）However， we did not mark the route so we ended up almost missing the sunset 　entirely　 （entire）. 9. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If you are in need of a deadline extension (extend), simply explain the situation to the professor. 10. (2021·全国乙卷)From now on, you’re going to have to stay away from salty (salt) food. ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1.请不要让学生在复习功课时受到打扰。 Please don't have the students disturbed while they are reviewing their lessons. 2.如果你想放松，没有什么比听一些轻音乐更好的了。 If you want to relax, there is nothing better than listening to some light music. 3.作业做完后，他出去和朋友们玩了。 With the homework finished, he went out to play with his friends. 4.地震发生时，感觉好像世界末日要来了。 It seems as though the world is coming to an end when the earthquake happens. 5.最终，我的职责是帮助每个学生学习。 Ultimately , my duty is helping every student to learn . 6.这些会议是一种相互结交的途径。 The meetings were a way to get acquainted with each other. 7.当看到那个淘气的孩子时， 老师对他的母亲表示很同情。 When seeing the naughty child, the teacher sympathized to his mother. 8.彼得最喜欢去海边，毫无目的地让船在海中漂荡。 Peter likes nothing better than going to the coast and messing about in his boat. 9.考虑到我们学生需要更多的锻炼，我校上周日组织了一次越野赛跑。 Given that we students need more exercise, our school organized a cross­country running race last Sunday. 10.给我留下深刻印象的是，每当我遇到困难，我的叔叔都会激励我坚持我的梦想。 What impresses me most is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties. 1.break短语 短语 词义 break away from 脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规 break in 闯入；强行进入 break out 突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态) break up 打碎；分裂；解体；解散 2.“...”度的词性转换 adj. deep high wide long strong broad n. depth height width length strength   v． deepen heighten widen lengthen strengthen broaden 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 选择性必修第一册Unit 1 ~Unit 3单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit4 1. ________vi. (根据情况) 变化；改变→________adj. 各种各样的→________n. 多样性；种类 2. ________vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过→________n. 赞成；批准→________adj. 赞许的→________vi. 不赞成；不同意 3. ________vt. 使用；应用；雇用→________n. 雇员→________n. 雇主→________n. 雇用；职业→________n. 失业 4. ________vi. 相异；不同于→________adj. 不同的→________n. 差别；差异 5. ________vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同→________adj. 赞成的；有利的 6. ________n. 愤怒；怒气 vt. 使生气；激怒→________adj. 生气的→________adv. 生气地 7. ________adj. 可靠的；可信赖的→________vi. 依赖；信赖→________adj. 不可靠的 8. ________adj. 轻微的；略微的→________adv. 略微；稍微 9. ________vt. 评估；评价→________n. 评价；评定 10. ________n. 教师；教育工作者→________vt. 教育→________n. 教育→________adj. 受过教育的 11. ________vt. 占据；占用→________adj. 忙于的；被占用的→________n. 职业；占领 12. ________adj. 难堪的；尴尬的→________vt. 使窘迫→________adj. 令人尴尬的→________n. 难堪 13. ________n. 焦虑；担心→________adj. 焦虑的→________adv. 焦虑地 14. ________vt. 调整；调节 vi. 适应→________n. 调整；适应→________adj. 可调整的 15. ________vi. （对……）起反应；回应→________n. 反应；回应 16. ________vt. 把…… 理解为；口译→________n. 口译者→________n. 解释；口译 Unit5 1. ________vt. 把…… 献给；专心于 → ________adj. 挚爱的；忠实的 → ________n. 忠诚；挚爱 2. ________n. 不足；缺少；短缺 → ________adj. 短的；矮的；缺乏的 → ________v. (使) 变短；缩短 3. ________vt. 使相信；说服 → ________adj. 确信的；信服的 → ________adj. 令人信服的 4. ________vt. 假定；假设；承担 → ________n. 假定；假设；承担 5. ________adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 → ________adv. 强烈地；热切地 → ________n. 强度；强烈 6. ________v. 扩大；增加；拓展 → ________n. 扩大；增加；拓展 7. ________v. 估计；估价；估算 → ________n. 估计；估价 → ________v. 高估 → ________v. 低估 8. ________v. 消费；消耗 → ________n. 消费者 → ________n. 消费；消耗量 9. ________adj. 现实的；真实的 → ________n. 现实；事实 → ________v. 意识到；实现 → ________adj. 现实的 10. ________v. 延长；扩大 → ________n. 扩展部分；扩大；电话分机 11. ________adj. 化学的 n. 化学制品 → ________n. 化学 → ________n. 化学家；药剂师 12. ________adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 → ________n. 本质；精华 → ________adv. 本质上；根本上 13. ________n. 深度 → ________adj. 深的 → ________adv. 深深地；极其 → ________v. 加深 14. ________adj. 完全的；全部的 → ________adv. 全部地；完全地 15. ________adj. 国内的；家用的 → ________adv. 国内地；家用地 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) Unit4 1. reliable adj. ________ 2. vary vi. ________ 3. approve vi. ________ vt. ________ 4. appropriate adj. ________ vt. ________ 5. employ vt. ________ 6. witness vt. ________ n. ________ 7. distinguish vi.&vt. ________ 8. differ vi. ________ 9. favour vt. ________ n. ________ 10. occupy vt. ________ 11. adjust vt. ________ vi.&vt. ________ 12. contrast n. ________ vt. ________ 13. identical adj. ________ 14. barrier n. ________ 15. embarrassed adj. ________ 16. bother vi.&vt. ________ n. ________ 17. anger n. ________ vt. ________ 18. interaction n. ________ Unit5 1. devote vt. ________ 2. convince vt. ________； 3. attain vt. ________ 4. overcome (overcame,overcome) ________ 5. estimate vt. ________；n. ________ 6. domestic adj. ________ 7. comprise v. ________ 8. reality n. ________ 9. alternative n. ________adj. ________ 10. depth n. ________ 11. root n. ________ 12. aspect n. ________ ( 清单清清单 0301 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) 词词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) Unit4 1. ________________ 肢体语言 2. ________________在…… 到…… 之间变化 3. ________________各种各样的 4. ________________ 对…… 合适 5. ________________进行眼神交流 6. ________________相比之下 7. ________________ 与…… 相比较 8. ________________ 赞成；支持 9. ________________ 赞同；支持 10. ________________ 瞧不起；俯视 11. ________________ 把…… 理解为 12. ________________ 避免做某事 13. ________________ 挺直；整理 14. ________________ 换句话说 15. ________________ 倾向于做某事 16. ________________ 拜访；号召 17. ________________ 忙于做某事 18. ________________盯着看；凝视 19. ________________对…… 作出反应 20. ________________适应；调整 21. ________________ 消除；分解；出故障 22. ________________ 度过；通过；接通电话 23. ________________推理；推断 24. ________________ 感到沮丧 Unit5 1. ________________把…… 用于；献身于 2. ________________缺乏…… 3. ________________ 成功做某事 4. ________________ 在国内外 5. ________________ 呈现；承担（责任）；雇用 6. ________________ 由…… 组成 7. ________________ 相应地；转而；依次 8. ________________例如；比如 9. ________________ 努力做某事 10. ________________除此之外 11. ________________ 关注；聚焦于 12. ________________ 执行；实施 13. ________________ 对…… 有影响 14. ________________ 在…… 中起作用 15. ________________ 远非如此 16. ________________ 解决问题 17. ________________ 实现某人的梦想 18. ________________ 利用 19. ________________ 富于；富含 20. ________________ 克服困难 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1. v-ing 作表语 The crucial thing is ________________________________that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 最关键的是使用身体语言的方式要适合你所处的文化。 2. with 复合结构 ________________________________, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 他们双手托着下巴，专注地盯着窗外或抬头望着天花板。 3. “否定词 + 比较级” 表最高级 And if we are feeling down or lonely, ________________________________ seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更美好的了。 4. have + 宾语 + 宾补 So if a student ________________________________, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. 因此，如果一个学生低下头看手表，这意味着他感到无聊，只是在数着时间等下课。 5. 不定式短语作后置定语 For example, making eye contact — looking into someone's eyes — in some countries is a way ________________________________ 例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流 —— 直视某人的眼睛 —— 是一种表达兴趣的方式。 6. when doing... 省略句式 In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down ________________________________ 在日本，与长辈交谈时低头可能是表示尊重。 7. what引导主语从句 However, ________________________________was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 8. It＋be＋过去分词＋that ... Today, ________________________________about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. 如今，据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。 9. given that ...鉴于，考虑到，引导条件状语从句 ________________________________, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) Unit4 一、单元写作任务 本单元的话题是“非语言沟通”，与此相关的写作任务为撰写一篇关于肢体语言的说明文。这类文章旨在向读者清晰介绍肢体语言的定义、核心特征，重点阐述其在日常沟通中的应用场景（如人际交往、职场互动、跨文化交流等），并结合具体案例分析其文化差异性。核心目标是通过具象化的描述与逻辑分析，让读者理解肢体语言作为“无声语言”的沟通价值，掌握不同场景下肢体语言的运用技巧，避免因误用引发的误解。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 肢体语言 _________________ 非语言沟通 _________________ 眼神交流 _________________ 面部表情 _________________ 文化差异 _________________ 传达情感 _________________ 避免误解 _________________ 表示尊重 _________________ 肢体动作 _________________ 跨文化交流 _________________ 表达赞同 _________________ 传递信心 _________________ 文化适应性 _________________ 沟通效率 _________________ 面部表情 _________________ 2. 话题句式 (1) 段首句（引出主题/明确观点） As an essential part of non-verbal communication, body language plays a crucial role in our daily interactions. 作为非语言沟通的重要组成部分，肢体语言在日常交流中扮演着关键角色。 While words are important in communication, body language often conveys more authentic emotions that cannot be expressed verbally. 尽管语言在沟通中至关重要，但肢体语言往往能传递出无法用言语表达的更真实情感。 Body language varies from culture to culture, and understanding these differences is vital to avoiding misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication. 肢体语言因文化而异，理解这些差异对避免跨文化沟通中的误解至关重要。 It is universally acknowledged that body language, such as gestures and facial expressions, is an indispensable tool for human communication. 众所周知，手势、面部表情等肢体语言是人类沟通中不可或缺的工具。 (2) 主体段落（分析特征/举例说明） In daily life, simple body gestures can deliver clear messages. For example, nodding usually means "agreement" in most countries, while shaking one's head often indicates "disapproval". 在日常生活中，简单的肢体动作就能传递明确信息。例如，在大多数国家点头通常表示“同意”，而摇头则常意味着“反对”。 Body language also plays a key role in the workplace. A firm handshake and steady eye contact can convey confidence during a job interview, helping the interviewer leave a good impression. 肢体语言在职场中也发挥着重要作用。求职面试时，有力的握手和坚定的眼神交流能传递自信，帮助给面试官留下良好印象。 However, the same body language may have totally different meanings in different cultures. For instance, making direct eye contact is considered polite in Western countries, but it might be regarded as rude in some Asian cultures. 然而，相同的肢体语言在不同文化中可能有着截然不同的含义。例如，直视对方的眼睛在西方国家被视为礼貌，但在一些亚洲文化中可能被认为是无礼的。 Facial expressions are another important part of body language. A warm smile can break down communication barriers, making interactions more harmonious no matter where you are. 面部表情是肢体语言的另一重要组成部分。温暖的微笑能打破沟通隔阂，无论在何处都能让交流更加融洽。 (3) 段尾句（总结升华/提出建议） In conclusion, body language is a silent but powerful communication tool. Mastering its usage and cultural differences can greatly improve our communication efficiency. 总之，肢体语言是一种无声却有力的沟通工具。掌握其运用方法及文化差异，能显著提升我们的沟通效率。 Therefore, we should pay more attention to observing and learning body language in our daily life, so as to communicate more effectively with people from different backgrounds. 因此，我们在日常生活中应多留意观察和学习肢体语言，以便与不同背景的人更高效地沟通。 To sum up, body language complements verbal communication. Only by combining the two can we achieve more authentic and smooth interactions. 总而言之，肢体语言是语言沟通的补充。只有将两者结合，我们才能实现更真实、顺畅的交流。 It is necessary for us to understand the cultural connotations of body language, which will help us avoid unnecessary misunderstandings and build better interpersonal relationships. 了解肢体语言的文化内涵对我们来说十分必要，这将帮助我们避免不必要的误解，建立更良好的人际关系。 三、范文背诵 Dear Robert, I am glad to receive your email. Now I will tell you something about body language in China. First, in China,we wave our hands to say “hello” or “goodbye” . Second, we usually greet our guests by shaking hands with them. Of course, some people may nod and smile instead of shaking hands. Third, when you are introduced to a Chinese group, they may greet you with clapping their hands. In addition, like people in many other countries, we nod our heads to say “yes” and shake our heads to say “no”. Last but not least, people will hold their thumbs up to praise a person if he does something great. I hope this information will be helpful to you. Yours, Li Hua Unit5 一、单元写作任务 本单元的话题是农业发展的争议与选择，与此相关的写作任务为撰写一篇正反观点式议论文。这类文章需聚焦农业领域的具体争议议题，如 “是否应全面推广智能农业”“有机农业是否适合大规模种植”“传统耕作与现代化耕作孰优孰劣” 等。核心要求是先客观呈现正反两方的观点及支撑论据，再明确表达自己的立场并进行总结，引导读者理性看待农业发展中的矛盾，符合辩论性文章 “观点对立、论据充分、立场清晰” 的特点。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 (1) 智能农业 _________________ (2) 有机农业 _________________ (3) 传统耕作 _________________ (4) 现代化耕作 _________________ (5) 粮食产量 _________________ (6) 生态环境 _________________ (7) 化学肥料 _________________ (8) 农业技术_________________ (9) 可持续发展 _________________ (10) 大规模种植 _________________ (11) 土壤肥力_________________ (12) 病虫害防治 _________________ (13) 资源消耗 _________________ (14) 食品安全 _________________ 2. 话题句式 (1) 段首句（引出主题 / 提出争议） ① When it comes to the debate about whether we should promote intelligent agriculture on a large scale, people hold sharply different opinions.当谈及 “是否应该大规模推广智能农业” 的争论时，人们持有截然不同的观点。 ② There is a heated discussion over the choice between traditional farming and modernized farming in agricultural development.农业发展中，关于传统耕作和现代化耕作的选择引发了热烈讨论。 ③ As the population grows rapidly, the question of whether organic agriculture can meet the food demand has aroused widespread concern.随着人口快速增长，“有机农业能否满足粮食需求” 这一问题引起了广泛关注。 (2) 主体段落（呈现正反观点 / 列举论据） ① Those who support modernized farming argue that it can greatly improve grain output with the help of advanced technology and equipment, thus solving the problem of food shortage.支持现代化耕作的人认为，借助先进的技术和设备，它能大幅提高粮食产量，从而解决粮食短缺问题. ② On the contrary, opponents of this view point out that modernized farming relies too much on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which will damage the ecological environment and reduce soil fertility in the long run.相反，该观点的反对者指出，现代化耕作过度依赖化肥和农药，长期来看会破坏生态环境，降低土壤肥力。 ③ Advocates of organic agriculture claim that it produces pollution-free food, which is beneficial to people’s health and conforms to the concept of sustainable development.有机农业的拥护者声称，它生产的是无污染食品，有利于人体健康，且符合可持续发展理念。 ④ However, critics argue that organic agriculture has low efficiency and high cost, making it unsuitable for large-scale planting to feed a huge population.然而，批评者认为，有机农业效率低、成本高，不适合大规模种植以养活庞大的人口。 (3) 段尾句（明确立场 / 总结升华） ① From my perspective, we should not simply choose one over the other, but combine the advantages of traditional farming and modernized farming to achieve a balance between food output and ecological protection.在我看来，我们不应简单地二选一，而应结合传统耕作和现代化耕作的优势，在粮食产量和生态保护之间取得平衡。 ② In conclusion, intelligent agriculture is an inevitable trend of agricultural development, but we need to take effective measures to minimize its negative impact on the environment.总之，智能农业是农业发展的必然趋势，但我们需要采取有效措施，将其对环境的负面影响降到最低。 ③ To sum up, only by promoting agricultural development in a sustainable way can we ensure both food security and ecological balance for future generations.总而言之，只有以可持续的方式推动农业发展，我们才能为子孙后代同时保障食品安全和生态平衡。 三、范文背诵 Recently we held a discussion about whether to develop organic farming. Opinions vary from person to person. It is obvious that using chemical fertilisers has many disadvantages. Above all, the chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancer or other illnesses. Besides, the vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition. However, as people are becoming richer, they attach great importance to health, and organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritive. Moreover, the produce grows in clean water and never uses pesticides, which is beneficial to our health. As the old saying goes, health is the first wealth, so it is wiser to choose organic food. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. There is a strong ________(趋势；倾向) to give dying patients far more drugs than are necessary. 2. People get job satisfaction from different factors, such as social ________(交流) with colleagues. 3. She was ________(尴尬的) when they asked her age. 4. He received the news of his father's sickness with great ________(焦虑). 5. Not everyone ________(赞同) of the proposal, which greatly disappointed him. 6．Many ________(名人) use their influence on social media to raise awareness about social issues, like poverty and environmental protection. 7．Good nutrition is ________(完全必要的；极其重要的) if patients are to make a quick recovery. 8．Genes determine the ________(特征) of every human being and play a critical role in shaping our lives. 9．It is a ________(传统的) wedding with the bride in the traditional dress. 10．If these feelings become so ________(十分强烈的) that you can’t handle them, you may be suffering from depression. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Our program， which is mainly about students’ studies and school lives， has a ________　 （differ） topic each time. 2.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷） As a special ________（educate） teacher at the school， I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 3. (2023新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful ________（interact） they had with nature in the park. 4. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·B)However, her children have learned an important lesson ________（witness） their mother earn her degree. 5. (2023全国甲卷语法填空)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________________（employ） today to draw attention to important truths. 6.(2019·北京卷)At this year’s I/O Conference,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a ________(convince) human-sounding voice.  7.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer ________(consume).  8.（2023·全国乙卷）However， we did not mark the route so we ended up almost missing the sunset ________　 （entire）. 9. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If you are in need of a deadline ________(extend), simply explain the situation to the professor. 10. (2021·全国乙卷)From now on, you’re going to have to stay away from ________(salt) food. ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1.请不要让学生在复习功课时受到打扰。 Please don't ________________________________while they are reviewing their lessons. 2.如果你想放松，没有什么比听一些轻音乐更好的了。 If you want to relax, ________________________________ listening to some light music. 3.作业做完后，他出去和朋友们玩了。 ________________________________, he went out to play with his friends. 4.地震发生时，感觉好像世界末日要来了。 ________________________________ when the earthquake happens. 5.最终，我的职责是帮助每个学生学习。 Ultimately , my duty is ________________________________ 6.这些会议是一种相互结交的途径。 The meetings were a way ________________________________ 7.当看到那个淘气的孩子时， 老师对他的母亲表示很同情。 ________________________________, the teacher sympathized to his mother. 8.彼得最喜欢去海边，毫无目的地让船在海中漂荡。 Peter likes ________________________________ to the coast and messing about in his boat. 9.考虑到我们学生需要更多的锻炼，我校上周日组织了一次越野赛跑。 ________________________________ we students need more exercise, our school organized a cross­country running race last Sunday. 10.给我留下深刻印象的是，每当我遇到困难，我的叔叔都会激励我坚持我的梦想。 ________________________________is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties. 1.break短语 短语 词义 break away from 脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规 break in 闯入；强行进入 break out 突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态) break up 打碎；分裂；解体；解散 2.“...”度的词性转换 adj. deep high wide long strong broad n. depth height width length strength   v． deepen heighten widen lengthen strengthen broaden 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $