专题2 名词与冠词（B卷·能力拓展）-2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》严格依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和《福建省中等职业学校学业水平考试<中职英语>科目考试说明》编写，结合福建省命题特点与考情趋势，系统梳理高频考点，强化实战能力。共设15个专题，涵盖语言知识、题型专练、综合素养和实战冲刺四大模块，每个专题包含：讲义和习题AB卷，A卷为基础达标，B卷为能力拓展。 本专题是2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第2个专题，内容为名词与冠词。 2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题2 名词与冠词（B卷·能力拓展） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、名词单项选择题（共 25 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 50 分） 从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中，选出与句意相符的最佳选项。 1. The factory's new environmental protection ______ have reduced air pollution significantly. A. policy B. policies C. policys 2. Regular ______ with native speakers is a good way to improve oral English. A. communication B. conversation C. connection 3. ______ of the old temple took three years and hundreds of workers' efforts. A. Restoration B. Restore C. Restoring 4. All the ______ in the company are required to attend the safety training next week. A. staff B. staffs C. staffes 5. My cousin's ______ to the charity project has inspired many young people to join in. A. contribution B. contributions C. contribute 6. The ______ of the accident were mainly due to the driver's carelessness and bad road conditions. A. cause B. causes C. reason 7. ______ is important for students to develop independent learning skills. A. It B. That C. This 8. The manager praised the team for their ______ in completing the project ahead of schedule. A. effort B. efforts C. effortless 9. We need to collect more ______ about the market before making a decision. A. data B. datum C. datas 10. The ______ of the company's products has been improved with advanced technology. A. quality B. quantity C. standard 11. The ______ of the children in the kindergarten are well taken care of by the teachers. A. life B. lives C. lifes 12. She devoted all her ______ to the research on rare diseases. A. energy B. energies C. energetic 13. The ______ between the two countries has promoted cultural exchange and economic cooperation. A. relation B. relations C. relative 14. ______ the employees' hard work, the company achieved great success this year. A. Thanks to B. Because C. Due 15. The ______ of the new shopping mall will bring convenience to local residents. A. open B. opening C. openings 16. The teacher asked us to write a ______ about our summer vacation. A. composition B. compose C. composing 17. The ______ of the team depends on how well members cooperate with each other. A. success B. succeed C. successful 18. We should respect the ______ of different cultures when communicating with foreigners. A. diversity B. diverse C. diversify 19. The ______ of the ancient building are being repaired by professional workers. A. roof B. roofs C. rooves 20. His ______ to help others always encourages us to do good deeds. A. willing B. willingness C. willingly 21. The company provides various ______ for its employees, such as health insurance and paid holidays. A. benefits B. benefit C. beneficial 22. ______ of the students in our class have passed the English exam. A. Two third B. Two thirds C. Second thirds 23. The ______ of the meeting is to discuss the new work plan for next year. A. purpose B. purpose C. purposes 24. She has a good ______ of French and can communicate with locals fluently. A. knowledge B. know C. knowing 25. The ______ of the traffic accident was recorded by the surveillance camera. A. process B. progress C. procedure 二、冠词单项选择题（共 25 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 50 分） 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 26. ______ Great Wall is one of the most famous wonders in the world. A. The B. A C. An D. / 27. He usually goes to ______ bed at 11 o'clock in the evening. A. a B. an C. the D. / 28. It is ______ honor to be invited to the international conference. A. a B. an C. the D. / 29. ______ Internet has become an indispensable part of modern life. A. The B. A C. An D. / 30. She plays ______ piano very well and often performs at school events. A. a B. an C. the D. / 31. ______ more you practice speaking English, ______ more fluent you will become. A. The; the B. A; a C. The; a D. A; the 32. We have ______ English test every month to check our learning progress. A. a B. an C. the D. / 33. ______ people in this town are very friendly to strangers. A. A B. An C. The D. / 34. He spent ______ past two years studying in Australia. A. a B. an C. the D. / 35. ______ United Nations plays a key role in promoting global peace. A. The B. A C. An D. / 36. She works as ______ nurse in ______ hospital in her hometown. A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a 37. ______ knowledge of basic computer skills is necessary for this job. A. A B. An C. The D. / 38. We visited ______ Summer Palace when we traveled to Beijing last year. A. a B. an C. the D. / 39. ______ dinner we had at that restaurant was very delicious. A. A B. An C. The D. / 40. ______ children should be taught to respect others from an early age. A. A B. An C. The D. / 41. He is ______ experienced engineer with ______ good knowledge of mechanical design. A. an; a B. a; an C. an; an D. a; a 42. ______ Yangtze River is the longest river in China. A. A B. An C. The D. / 43. They usually have ______ breakfast at home before going to work. A. a B. an C. the D. / 44. ______ old man we met on the street is a retired teacher. A. A B. An C. The D. / 45. ______ science and technology has changed people's life greatly. A. A B. An C. The D. / 46. She has ______ gift for music and wants to become a musician in the future. A. a B. an C. the D. / 47. ______ information from reliable sources is more valuable than rumors. A. A B. An C. The D. / 48. ______ couple we met at the party are from Canada. A. A B. An C. The D. / 49. He plays ______ basketball every afternoon to keep fit. A. a B. an C. the D. / 50. ______ time we spend on family is never wasted. A. A B. An C. The D. / 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》严格依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和《福建省中等职业学校学业水平考试<中职英语>科目考试说明》编写，结合福建省命题特点与考情趋势，系统梳理高频考点，强化实战能力。共设15个专题，涵盖语言知识、题型专练、综合素养和实战冲刺四大模块，每个专题包含：讲义和习题AB卷，A卷为基础达标，B卷为能力拓展。 本专题是2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第2个专题，内容为名词与冠词。 2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题2 名词与冠词（B卷·能力拓展） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、名词单项选择题（共 25 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 50 分） 从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中，选出与句意相符的最佳选项。 1. The factory's new environmental protection ______ have reduced air pollution significantly. A. policy B. policies C. policys 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词复数（规则变化）。句意 “这家工厂新的环保政策已显著减少了空气污染”。根据谓语动词 “have” 可知主语为复数，“policy” 的复数形式为 “policies”；A 项为单数，C 项变化错误。故选 B。 2. Regular ______ with native speakers is a good way to improve oral English. A. communication B. conversation C. connection 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析（近义词区分）。句意 “与母语者的定期交流是提高英语口语的好方法”。A 项 “communication” 强调 “双向沟通”，涵盖范围广；B 项“conversation” 特指 “面对面交谈”，C 项 “connection” 指 “联系”，均不如 A 项贴合 “提升口语” 的需求。故选 A。 3. ______ of the old temple took three years and hundreds of workers' efforts. A. Restoration B. Restore C. Restoring 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词作主语（派生词应用）。句意 “这座古寺的修复花了三年时间和数百名工人的努力”。此处需名词作主语，A 项 “restoration” 为名词 “修复”；B 项为动词，C 项为动名词，均不符合句子结构要求。故选 A。 4. All the ______ in the company are required to attend the safety training next week. A. staff B. staffs C. staffes 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词单复数（集体名词）。句意 “公司所有员工都必须参加下周的安全培训”。“staff” 为集体名词，单复数同形，泛指 “全体员工”；B 项、C 项均为错误变化。故选 A。 5. My cousin's ______ to the charity project has inspired many young people to join in. A. contribution B. contributions C. contribute 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词所有格 + 名词单复数。句意 “我表哥对这个慈善项目的贡献激励了许多年轻人参与进来”。“cousin's” 后接名词，A 项 “contribution” 为单数名词，符合 “单次贡献” 的语境；B 项为复数，未体现多次贡献；C 项为动词，不符合语法要求。故选 A。 6. The ______ of the accident were mainly due to the driver's carelessness and bad road conditions. A. cause B. causes C. reason 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析 + 单复数。句意 “这起事故的原因主要是司机的粗心大意和恶劣路况”。根据 “were” 可知主语为复数，A 项 “cause” 侧重 “直接原因”，复数形式 “causes” 符合 “多个原因” 的语境；C 项 “reason” 指 “解释性理由”，且为单数。故选 B。 7. ______ is important for students to develop independent learning skills. A. It B. That C. This 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词相关句型（形式主语）。句意 “培养自主学习能力对学生来说很重要”。“It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.” 为固定句型，“It” 作形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式；B 项、C 项均不能用于该句型。故选 A。 8. The manager praised the team for their ______ in completing the project ahead of schedule. A. effort B. efforts C. effortless 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词复数 + 词性辨析。句意 “经理表扬了团队提前完成项目所付出的努力”。“their” 后接名词复数，B 项 “efforts” 指 “多方努力”；A 项为单数，C 项为形容词 “不费力的”，均不符合语境。故选 B。 9. We need to collect more ______ about the market before making a decision. A. data B. datum C. datas 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词单复数（不规则变化）。句意 “在做决定之前，我们需要收集更多关于市场的数据”。“data” 为不可数名词，也可作复数形式（单数为 “datum”），表示 “数据”；B 项为单数形式，不与 “more” 搭配；C 项为错误变化。故选 A。 10. The ______ of the company's products has been improved with advanced technology. A. quality B. quantity C. standard 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意 “通过先进技术，该公司产品的质量得到了提升”。A 项 “quality” 指 “品质、质量”，是技术改进的核心目标；B 项 “quantity” 指 “数量”，C 项 “standard” 指 “标准”，均不如 A 项贴合语境。故选 A。 11. The ______ of the children in the kindergarten are well taken care of by the teachers. A. life B. lives C. lifes 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词复数（不规则变化）。句意 “幼儿园里孩子们的生活得到了老师们的悉心照料”。根据 “children” 可知此处为复数，“life” 的复数形式为 “lives”；A 项为单数，C 项变化错误。故选 B。 12. She devoted all her ______ to the research on rare diseases. A. energy B. energies C. energetic 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词单复数 + 词性辨析。句意 “她把所有精力都投入到罕见病研究中”。“energy” 指 “精力” 时为不可数名词，A 项符合 “全部精力” 的语境；B 项 “energies” 指 “多种能量”，C 项为形容词 “精力充沛的”，均不符合。故选 A。 13. The ______ between the two countries has promoted cultural exchange and economic cooperation. A. relation B. relations C. relative 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词复数 + 词义辨析。句意 “两国之间的关系促进了文化交流和经济合作”。“relation” 指 “国家、人际间的关系” 时常用复数 “relations”；A 项为单数，C 项为形容词 “相关的” 或名词 “亲戚”，均不符合语境。故选 B。 14. ______ the employees' hard work, the company achieved great success this year. A. Thanks to B. Because C. Due 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词相关短语（原因状语）。句意 “由于员工们的辛勤工作，公司今年取得了巨大成功”。“Thanks to” 为固定短语，后接名词短语表原因；B 项 “Because” 后接从句，C 项 “Due” 需与 “to” 搭配。故选 A。 15. The ______ of the new shopping mall will bring convenience to local residents. A. open B. opening C. openings 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词作主语（动名词派生）。句意 “这家新购物中心的开业将给当地居民带来便利”。此处需名词作主语，B 项 “opening” 为名词 “开业”；A 项为动词，C 项为复数 “开口、机会”，均不符合语境。故选 B。 16. The teacher asked us to write a ______ about our summer vacation. A. composition B. compose C. composing 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词作宾语（词性辨析）。句意 “老师让我们写一篇关于暑假的作文”。“a” 后接单数名词，A 项 “composition” 为名词 “作文”；B 项为动词 “创作”，C 项为动名词，均不符合语法要求。故选 A。 17. The ______ of the team depends on how well members cooperate with each other. A. success B. succeed C. successful 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词作主语（词性辨析）。句意 “团队的成功取决于成员之间的协作程度”。此处需名词作主语，A 项 “success” 为名词 “成功”；B 项为动词，C 项为形容词，均不符合句子结构。故选 A。 18. We should respect the ______ of different cultures when communicating with foreigners. A. diversity B. diverse C. diversify 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词作宾语（词性辨析）。句意 “与外国人交流时，我们应该尊重不同文化的多样性”。“the” 后接名词，A 项 “diversity” 为名词 “多样性”；B 项为形容词，C 项为动词，均不符合语法要求。故选 A。 19. The ______ of the ancient building are being repaired by professional workers. A. roof B. roofs C. rooves 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词复数（规则变化）。句意 “这座古建筑的屋顶正在由专业工人修复”。根据 “are” 可知主语为复数，“roof” 的复数形式为 “roofs”；A 项为单数，C 项为错误变化。故选 B。 20. His ______ to help others always encourages us to do good deeds. A. willing B. willingness C. willingly 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词作主语（词性辨析）。句意 “他乐于助人的意愿总是鼓励我们做好事”。此处需名词作主语，B 项 “willingness” 为名词 “意愿”；A 项为形容词，C 项为副词，均不符合句子结构。故选 B。 21. The company provides various ______ for its employees, such as health insurance and paid holidays. A. benefits B. benefit C. beneficial 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词复数 + 词性辨析。句意 “这家公司为员工提供多种福利，比如医疗保险和带薪假期”。“various” 后接名词复数，A 项 “benefits” 指 “员工福利”；B 项为单数，C 项为形容词 “有益的”，均不符合语境。故选 A。 22. ______ of the students in our class have passed the English exam. A. Two third B. Two thirds C. Second thirds 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词相关数词（分数表达）。句意 “我们班三分之二的学生都通过了英语考试”。分数表达中，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于 1 时分母用复数，“三分之二” 表达为 “two thirds”；A 项、C 项均为错误表达。故选 B。 23. The ______ of the meeting is to discuss the new work plan for next year. A. purpose B. purpose C. purposes 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词单复数 + 词义辨析。句意 “这次会议的目的是讨论明年的新工作计划”。根据 “is” 可知主语为单数，A 项 “purpose” 指 “会议的核心目的”；C 项为复数，不符合 “单一核心目的” 的语境。故选 A。 24. She has a good ______ of French and can communicate with locals fluently. A. knowledge B. know C. knowing 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词作宾语（固定搭配）。句意 “她精通法语，能与当地人流利交流”。“have a good knowledge of” 为固定短语，意为 “精通……”；B 项为动词，C 项为动名词，均不符合搭配。故选 A。 25. The ______ of the traffic accident was recorded by the surveillance camera. A. process B. progress C. procedure 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意 “这起交通事故的全过程被监控摄像头记录了下来”。A 项 “process” 指 “事件发生的完整过程”，符合监控记录的特点；B 项“progress” 指 “进步”，C 项 “procedure” 指 “既定流程”，均不符合语境。故选 A。 二、冠词单项选择题（共 25 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 50 分） 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 26. ______ Great Wall is one of the most famous wonders in the world. A. The B. A C. An D. / 【答案】A 【详解】考查定冠词（专有名词）。句意 “长城是世界上最著名的奇迹之一”。“Great Wall” 为专有名词，前必须加定冠词 “The”。故选 A。 27. He usually goes to ______ bed at 11 o'clock in the evening. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（固定短语）。句意 “他通常晚上 11 点睡觉”。“go to bed” 为固定短语，中间不加冠词。故选 D。 28. It is ______ honor to be invited to the international conference. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】B 【详解】考查不定冠词（抽象名词具体化）。句意 “受邀参加这次国际会议是一种荣誉”。“honor” 以元音音素开头，抽象名词具体化指 “一件光荣的事”，用 “an”。故选 B。 29. ______ Internet has become an indispensable part of modern life. A. The B. A C. An D. / 【答案】A 【详解】考查定冠词（专有名词）。句意 “互联网已成为现代生活中不可或缺的一部分”。“Internet” 为专有名词，前必须加定冠词 “The”。故选 A。 30. She plays ______ piano very well and often performs at school events. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（乐器名称）。句意 “她钢琴弹得很好，经常在学校活动中表演”。乐器前必须加定冠词 “The”。故选 C。 31. ______ more you practice speaking English, ______ more fluent you will become. A. The; the B. A; a C. The; a D. A; the 【答案】A 【详解】考查定冠词（固定结构）。句意 “你越多练习说英语，就会变得越流利”。“the + 比较级 + 主谓，the + 比较级 + 主谓” 为固定句型，意为 “越…… 越……”。故选 A。 32. We have ______ English test every month to check our learning progress. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】B 【详解】考查不定冠词（元音音素开头）。句意 “我们每个月都有一次英语测试来检查学习进度”。“English” 以元音音素开头，表泛指 “一次测试”，用 “an”。故选 B。 33. ______ people in this town are very friendly to strangers. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（泛指人群）。句意 “这个镇上的人对陌生人非常友好”。此处泛指 “镇上的人”，不加冠词；若特指 “某部分人” 需加 “The”，但此处无限定范围。故选 D。 34. He spent ______ past two years studying in Australia. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（特指时间）。句意 “他在澳大利亚学习了过去两年时间”。“past two years” 为特指 “已经过去的两年”，用 “The”。故选 C。 35. ______ United Nations plays a key role in promoting global peace. A. The B. A C. An D. / 【答案】A 【详解】考查定冠词（专有国际组织）。句意 “联合国在促进全球和平中发挥着关键作用”。“United Nations” 为专有国际组织，前必须加定冠词 “The”。故选 A。 36. She works as ______ nurse in ______ hospital in her hometown. A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定冠词（辅音音素开头）。句意 “她在家乡的一家医院当护士”。“nurse” 和 “hospital” 均以辅音音素开头，表泛指 “一名护士”“一家医院”，均用 “a”。故选 A。 37. ______ knowledge of basic computer skills is necessary for this job. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定冠词（抽象名词具体化）。句意 “掌握基本的计算机技能是这份工作的必要条件”。“knowledge” 抽象名词具体化，指 “一门知识”，以辅音音素开头，用 “A”。故选 A。 38. We visited ______ Summer Palace when we traveled to Beijing last year. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（专有名词）。句意 “去年我们去北京旅游时参观了颐和园”。“Summer Palace” 为专有名词，前必须加定冠词 “The”。故选 C。 39. ______ dinner we had at that restaurant was very delicious. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（特指餐食）。句意 “我们在那家餐厅吃的晚餐非常美味”。“dinner” 后有 “we had at that restaurant” 限定，特指 “某次晚餐”，用 “The”。故选 C。 40. ______ children should be taught to respect others from an early age. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（泛指群体）。句意 “应该从小教导孩子们尊重他人”。此处泛指 “所有孩子”，不加冠词；若特指 “某部分孩子” 需加 “The”，但此处无限定范围。故选 D。 41. He is ______ experienced engineer with ______ good knowledge of mechanical design. A. an; a B. a; an C. an; an D. a; a 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定冠词（元音 / 辅音音素开头）。句意 “他是一名有经验的工程师，对机械设计有很好的了解”。“experienced” 以元音音素开头，用 “an”；“good” 以辅音音素开头，“have a good knowledge of” 为固定短语，用 “a”。故选 A。 42. ______ Yangtze River is the longest river in China. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（专有河流名称）。句意 “长江是中国最长的河流”。“Yangtze River” 为专有河流名称，前必须加定冠词 “The”。故选 C。 43. They usually have ______ breakfast at home before going to work. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（三餐名称）。句意 “他们上班前通常在家吃早餐”。三餐名称前不加冠词，“have breakfast” 为固定搭配。故选 D。 44. ______ old man we met on the street is a retired teacher. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（特指人物）。句意 “我们在街上遇到的那位老人是一名退休教师”。“old man” 后有 “we met on the street” 限定，特指 “某位老人”，用 “The”。故选 C。 45. ______ science and technology has changed people's life greatly. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（抽象名词泛指）。句意 “科学技术极大地改变了人们的生活”。“science and technology” 为抽象名词泛指 “科学技术”，不加冠词。故选 D。 46. She has ______ gift for music and wants to become a musician in the future. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定冠词（固定短语）。句意 “她有音乐天赋，未来想成为一名音乐家”。“have a gift for” 为固定短语，意为 “有…… 天赋”，“gift” 以辅音音素开头，用 “A”。故选 A。 47. ______ information from reliable sources is more valuable than rumors. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（不可数名词泛指）。句意 “来自可靠来源的信息比谣言更有价值”。“information” 为不可数名词，此处泛指 “各类可靠信息”，不加冠词。故选 D。 48. ______ couple we met at the party are from Canada. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（特指人物）。句意 “我们在派对上遇到的那对夫妇来自加拿大”。“couple” 后有 “we met at the party” 限定，特指 “某对夫妇”，用 “The”。故选 C。 49. He plays ______ basketball every afternoon to keep fit. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（球类运动）。句意 “他每天下午打篮球来保持健康”。球类运动前不加冠词，“play basketball” 为固定搭配。故选 D。 50. ______ time we spend on family is never wasted. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（特指时间）。句意 “我们花在家人身上的时间永远不会浪费”。“time” 后有 “we spend on family” 限定，特指 “用于家人的时间”，用 “The”。故选 C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $