专题2 名词与冠词（A卷·基础达标）-2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》严格依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和《福建省中等职业学校学业水平考试<中职英语>科目考试说明》编写，结合福建省命题特点与考情趋势，系统梳理高频考点，强化实战能力。共设15个专题，涵盖语言知识、题型专练、综合素养和实战冲刺四大模块，每个专题包含：讲义和习题AB卷，A卷为基础达标，B卷为能力拓展。 本专题是2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第2个专题，内容为名词与冠词。 2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题2 名词与冠词（A卷·基础达标） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、名词单项选择题（共 25 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 50 分） 从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中，选出与句意相符的最佳选项。 1. My sister works in a big ______ and she is a doctor. A. hospital B. school C. factory 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意 “我姐姐在一家大医院工作，她是一名医生”。A 项符合医生的工作场所；B 项对应教师职业；C 项对应工人职业。故选 A。 2. Please pass me two ______ from the desk. A. knife B. knives C. knifes 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词复数（不规则变化）。句意 “请从桌子上递给我两把刀”。“knife” 的复数形式为 “knives”；A 项为单数，C 项变化错误。故选 B。 3. This is my ______ bag. He left it in the classroom yesterday. A. brother B. brothers C. brother's 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词所有格（单数）。句意 “这是我哥哥的包，他昨天把它落在教室里了”。此处表示 “哥哥的”，用单数名词所有格 “brother's”；A 项为单数名词，B 项为复数名词，均无所有格含义。故选 C。 4. We need to buy some ______ and vegetables for dinner. A. books B. fruits C. pencils 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意 “我们需要为晚餐买一些水果和蔬菜”。A 项、C 项均为学习用品，与 “晚餐” 无关；B 项符合饮食场景。故选 B。 5. The ______ of this city is over 10 million. A. population B. temperature C. history 【答案】A 【详解】考查抽象名词。句意 “这座城市的人口超过 1000 万”。A 项为抽象名词，与数字搭配符合语境；B 项、C 项均无法用 “1000 万” 描述。故选 A。 6. There are many ______ in the library, and we can borrow them for free. A. book B. books C. bookes 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词复数（规则变化）。句意 “图书馆里有很多书，我们可以免费借阅”。“many” 后接可数名词复数，“book” 的复数为 “books”；A 项为单数，C 项变化错误。故选 B。 7. The ______ classroom is on the second floor of the teaching building. A. students B. students' C. student's 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词所有格（复数）。句意 “学生们的教室在教学楼的二楼”。此处指多个学生的教室，用复数名词所有格 “students'”；A 项为复数名词，无所有格含义；C 项为单数名词所有格，指单个学生的教室，与句意不符。故选 B。 8. Tom received a lot of ______ on his birthday, such as toys and books. A. gifts B. jobs C. rules 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意 “汤姆在生日那天收到了很多礼物，比如玩具和书”。A 项符合生日场景；B 项、C 项与句意不符。故选 A。 9. My mother bought three ______ for my birthday party. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词复数（以 o 结尾）。句意 “我妈妈为我的生日派对买了三个西红柿”。“tomato” 的复数形式为 “tomatoes”；A 项为单数，B 项变化错误。故选 C。 10. You can find more information about the trip on the school ______. A. newspaper B. website C. dictionary 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意 “你可以在学校网站上找到更多关于这次旅行的信息”。A 项、C 项均不是获取旅行信息的主要渠道；B 项符合信息查询场景。故选 B。 11. ______ is my favorite sport because it can make me strong. A. Swim B. Swimming C. Swims 【答案】B 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意 “游泳是我最喜欢的运动，因为它能让我强壮”。此处需用动名词作主语，“Swimming” 为动名词；A 项为动词原形，C 项为动词第三人称单数形式，均不能直接作主语。故选 B。 12. The ______ in the street is very heavy during rush hour, so we'd better leave early. A. traffic B. music C. rain 【答案】A 【详解】考查不可数名词。句意 “高峰时段街上的交通非常拥堵，所以我们最好早点出发”。A 项为不可数名词，与 “拥堵” 搭配合理；B 项、C 项均无 “拥堵” 的属性。故选 A。 13. My parents often tell me to follow my ______ and never give up. A. dream B. dreaming C. dreamed 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词作宾语。句意 “我父母经常告诉我要追随自己的梦想，永不放弃”。“follow” 为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，“dream” 为名词；B 项为动名词，C 项为过去式 / 过去分词，均不符合语境。故选 A。 14. We need to follow the ______ rules when we are in the library. A. library B. libraries C. library's 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词作定语。句意 “我们在图书馆时需要遵守图书馆规则”。名词 “library” 直接作定语修饰 “rules”；B 项为复数名词，C 项为所有格形式，均不符合定语用法。故选 A。 15. The little girl is afraid of ______, so she never goes out alone at night. A. dark B. darkness C. darken 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词作宾语（介词后）。句意 “这个小女孩害怕黑暗，所以她晚上从不独自外出”。“of” 为介词，后接名词作宾语，“darkness” 为名词；A 项为形容词，C 项为动词，均不符合用法。故选 B。 16. My favorite ______ is English because I like communicating with foreigners. A. subject B. sport C. food 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意 “我最喜欢的科目是英语，因为我喜欢和外国人交流”。A 项对应英语学科；B 项、C 项与英语无关。故选 A。 17. His ______ to the project made it a great success. A. contribute B. contribution C. contributing 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词作主语（派生词）。句意 “他对这个项目的贡献使它取得了巨大成功”。此处需用名词作主语，“contribution” 为名词；A 项为动词，C 项为动名词，均不符合语境。故选 B。 18. There is a ______ shop near my home. I often buy flowers there. A. flower B. flowers C. flower's 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词作定语。句意 “我家附近有一家花店，我经常在那里买花”。名词 “flower” 直接作定语修饰 “shop”；B 项为复数名词，C 项为所有格形式，均不符合定语用法。故选 A。 19. We all admire her ______ because she always helps others without asking for anything in return. A. kindness B. kind C. kindly 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词作宾语（形容词派生）。句意 “我们都钦佩她的善良，因为她总是无条件帮助别人”。“admire” 为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，“kindness” 为名词；B 项为形容词，C 项为副词，均不符合用法。故选 A。 20. We should protect the ______ around us, such as trees and rivers. A. environment B. machine C. building 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意 “我们应该保护周围的环境，比如树木和河流”。A 项包含树木、河流等自然事物；B 项、C 项均不属于自然环境范畴。故选 A。 21. ______ is important for everyone, so we should eat healthy food and exercise regularly. A. Healthy B. Health C. Heal 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词作主语（抽象名词）。句意 “健康对每个人都很重要，所以我们应该吃健康的食物并定期锻炼”。此处需用名词作主语，“Health” 为抽象名词；A 项为形容词，C 项为动词，均不能直接作主语。故选 B。 22. My father is a ______ driver. He drives a bus every day. A. bus B. buses C. bus's 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词作定语（职业相关）。句意 “我爸爸是一名公交车司机，他每天开公交车”。名词 “bus” 直接作定语修饰 “driver”；B 项为复数名词，C 项为所有格形式，均不符合定语用法。故选 A。 23. The teacher praised Tom for his ______ in the English competition. A. success B. succeed C. successful 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词作宾语（形容词性物主代词后）。句意 “老师表扬了汤姆在英语竞赛中的成功”。“his” 为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，“success” 为名词；B 项为动词，C 项为形容词，均不符合用法。故选 A。 24. The ______ festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. A. Spring B. Springs C. Spring's 【答案】A 【详解】考查专有名词。句意 “春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一”。“Spring Festival” 为专有名词，无复数和所有格形式；B 项、C 项形式错误。故选 A。 25. She has a good ______ of foreign languages and can speak English, French and German. A. know B. knowledge C. knowing 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词固定搭配。句意 “她精通外语，会说英语、法语和德语”。“have a good knowledge of” 为固定短语，“knowledge” 为名词；A 项为动词，C 项为动名词，均不符合固定搭配。故选 B。 二、冠词单项选择题（共 25 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 50 分） 从每题所给的 A、B、C 、D四个选项中，选出与句意相符的最佳选项。 26. This is ______ useful book. I read it every day. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定冠词（辅音音素开头）。句意 “这是一本有用的书，我每天都读它”。“useful” 以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头，不定冠词用 “a”；B 项用于元音音素开头的单词前，C 项表特指，D 项不填不符合单数可数名词用法。故选 A。 27. ______ sun rises in the east and sets in the west. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（世界独一无二事物）。句意 “太阳从东方升起，西方落下”。世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 “the”；A 项、B 项为不定冠词，D 项不填不符合语法规则。故选 C。 28. She is ______ honest girl. Everyone likes her. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】B 【详解】考查不定冠词（元音音素开头）。句意 “她是一个诚实的女孩，每个人都喜欢她”。“honest” 以元音音素 /ɒ/ 开头，不定冠词用 “an”；A 项用于辅音音素开头的单词前，C 项表特指，D 项不填不符合单数可数名词用法。故选 B。 29. I usually go to ______ bed at 10 o'clock in the evening. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（固定短语）。句意 “我通常晚上 10 点睡觉”。“go to bed” 为固定短语，中间不加冠词；A 项、B 项、C 项均不符合固定搭配。故选 D。 30. We will have ______ English test next week. Let's prepare for it. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】B 【详解】考查不定冠词（元音音素开头）。句意 “我们下周要进行一次英语测试，让我们准备一下”。“English” 以元音音素 /ɪ/ 开头，不定冠词用 “an”；A 项用于辅音音素开头的单词前，C 项表特指，D 项不填不符合单数可数名词用法。故选 B。 31. He plays ______ basketball very well. He is in the school team. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（球类运动）。句意 “他篮球打得很好，他是校队的”。球类运动前不加冠词；A 项、B 项、C 项均不符合语法规则。故选 D。 32. ______ Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in the world. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（专有名词）。句意 “长城是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一”。专有名词 “the Great Wall” 前必须加定冠词 “the”；A 项、B 项为不定冠词，D 项不填不符合专有名词用法。故选 C。 33. My brother plays ______ piano every weekend. He wants to be a musician. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（乐器）。句意 “我哥哥每个周末都弹钢琴，他想成为一名音乐家”。乐器前加定冠词 “the”；A 项、B 项为不定冠词，D 项不填不符合语法规则。故选 C。 34. I have ______ orange and ______ banana for breakfast every day. A. a; an B. an; a C. the; a D. /; / 【答案】B 【详解】考查不定冠词（混合用法）。句意 “我每天早餐吃一个橙子和一根香蕉”。“orange” 以元音音素 /ɒ/ 开头，用 “an”；“banana” 以辅音音素 /b/ 开头，用 “a”；C 项、D 项不符合句意。故选 B。 35. She goes to ______ school by bike every morning. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（固定短语）。句意 “她每天早上骑自行车去上学”。“go to school” 为固定短语，中间不加冠词；A 项、B 项、C 项均不符合固定搭配。故选 D。 36. He is ______ university student. He studies computer science. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定冠词（辅音音素开头）。句意 “他是一名大学生，他学习计算机科学”。“university” 以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头，不定冠词用 “a”；B 项用于元音音素开头的单词前，C 项表特指，D 项不填不符合单数可数名词用法。故选 A。 37. ______ moon is very bright tonight. Let's go for a walk. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（世界独一无二事物）。句意 “今晚月亮很亮，我们去散步吧”。世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 “the”；A 项、B 项为不定冠词，D 项不填不符合语法规则。故选 C。 38. We visited ______ Summer Palace when we were in Beijing. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（专有名词）。句意 “我们在北京的时候参观了颐和园”。专有名词 “the Summer Palace” 前必须加定冠词 “the”；A 项、B 项为不定冠词，D 项不填不符合专有名词用法。故选 C。 39. I like ______ music. I often listen to it in my free time. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（不可数名词泛指）。句意 “我喜欢音乐，我经常在空闲时间听音乐”。“music” 为不可数名词，此处表泛指，不加冠词；A 项、B 项用于可数名词前，C 项表特指，均不符合用法。故选 D。 40. ______ People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（专有名词）。句意 “中华人民共和国成立于 1949 年”。专有名词 “the People's Republic of China” 前必须加定冠词 “the”；A 项、B 项为不定冠词，D 项不填不符合专有名词用法。故选 C。 41. She can play ______ guitar and ______ violin very well. A. the; the B. a; a C. /; / D. the; / 【答案】A 【详解】考查定冠词（乐器并列）。句意 “她吉他和小提琴都弹得很好”。乐器前均加定冠词 “the”；B 项、C 项、D 项均不符合语法规则。故选 A。 42. I have ______ new friend. He is from ______ United States. A. a; the B. an; / C. the; a D. /; an 【答案】A 【详解】考查冠词混合用法。句意 “我有一个新朋友，他来自美国”。“new” 以辅音音素 /n/ 开头，用 “a”；“the United States” 为专有名词，前加 “the”；B 项、C 项、D 项均不符合用法。故选 A。 43. She usually has ______ breakfast at home. ______ breakfast is very important for her. A. /; The B. a; A C. the; / D. /; / 【答案】A 【详解】考查冠词混合用法。句意 “她通常在家吃早餐，早餐对她来说很重要”。“have breakfast” 为固定短语，不加冠词；第二个空特指 “早餐”，用 “the”；B 项、C 项、D 项均不符合用法。故选 A。 44. ______ old man in the park is my grandfather. He likes walking there every morning. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（特指）。句意 “公园里的那位老人是我的爷爷，他每天早上喜欢在那里散步”。此处特指 “公园里的那位老人”，用定冠词 “the”；A 项、B 项为不定冠词，表泛指，D 项不填不符合句意。故选 C。 45. We will have ______ picnic in the park this Sunday. Would you like to join us? A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定冠词（固定短语）。句意 “我们这周日要去公园野餐，你想加入我们吗？”。“have a picnic” 为固定短语，用不定冠词 “a”；B 项用于元音音素开头的单词前，C 项表特指，D 项不填不符合固定搭配。故选 A。 46. He is ______ tallest boy in our class. He is 1.9 meters tall. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（形容词最高级前）。句意 “他是我们班最高的男孩，他身高 1.9 米”。形容词最高级 “tallest” 前必须加定冠词 “the”；A 项、B 项为不定冠词，D 项不填不符合语法规则。故选 C。 47. I want to buy ______ pair of shoes. The shoes in that shop are very nice. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定冠词（固定搭配）。句意 “我想买一双鞋，那家店里的鞋很好看”。“a pair of” 为固定搭配，用不定冠词 “a”；B 项用于元音音素开头的单词前，C 项表特指，D 项不填不符合固定搭配。故选 A。 48. ______ English is widely used in the world. It is an important language. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】D 【详解】考查零冠词（语言名称）。句意 “英语在世界上被广泛使用，它是一门重要的语言”。语言名称前不加冠词；A 项、B 项、C 项均不符合语法规则。故选 D。 49. She gave me ______ book as a birthday gift. ______ book is about history. A. a; The B. an; An C. the; A D. /; The 【答案】A 【详解】考查冠词指代用法。句意 “她给了我一本书作为生日礼物，这本书是关于历史的”。第一个空表泛指，“book” 以辅音音素 /b/ 开头，用 “a”；第二个空特指前面提到的 “书”，用 “the”；B 项、C 项、D 项均不符合用法。故选 A。 50. We should protect ______ earth. It is our only home. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词（世界独一无二事物）。句意 “我们应该保护地球，它是我们唯一的家园”。世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 “the”；A 项、B 项为不定冠词，D 项不填不符合语法规则。故选 C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》严格依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和《福建省中等职业学校学业水平考试<中职英语>科目考试说明》编写，结合福建省命题特点与考情趋势，系统梳理高频考点，强化实战能力。共设15个专题，涵盖语言知识、题型专练、综合素养和实战冲刺四大模块，每个专题包含：讲义和习题AB卷，A卷为基础达标，B卷为能力拓展。 本专题是2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第2个专题，内容为名词与冠词。 2026版福建省（学业水平考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题2 名词与冠词（A卷·基础达标） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、名词单项选择题（共 25 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 50 分） 从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中，选出与句意相符的最佳选项。 1. My sister works in a big ______ and she is a doctor. A. hospital B. school C. factory 2. Please pass me two ______ from the desk. A. knife B. knives C. knifes 3. This is my ______ bag. He left it in the classroom yesterday. A. brother B. brothers C. brother's 4. We need to buy some ______ and vegetables for dinner. A. books B. fruits C. pencils 5. The ______ of this city is over 10 million. A. population B. temperature C. history 6. There are many ______ in the library, and we can borrow them for free. A. book B. books C. bookes 7. The ______ classroom is on the second floor of the teaching building. A. students B. students' C. student's 8. Tom received a lot of ______ on his birthday, such as toys and books. A. gifts B. jobs C. rules 9. My mother bought three ______ for my birthday party. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes 10. You can find more information about the trip on the school ______. A. newspaper B. website C. dictionary 11. ______ is my favorite sport because it can make me strong. A. Swim B. Swimming C. Swims 12. The ______ in the street is very heavy during rush hour, so we'd better leave early. A. traffic B. music C. rain 13. My parents often tell me to follow my ______ and never give up. A. dream B. dreaming C. dreamed 14. We need to follow the ______ rules when we are in the library. A. library B. libraries C. library's 15. The little girl is afraid of ______, so she never goes out alone at night. A. dark B. darkness C. darken 16. My favorite ______ is English because I like communicating with foreigners. A. subject B. sport C. food 17. His ______ to the project made it a great success. A. contribute B. contribution C. contributing 18. There is a ______ shop near my home. I often buy flowers there. A. flower B. flowers C. flower's 19. We all admire her ______ because she always helps others without asking for anything in return. A. kindness B. kind C. kindly 20. We should protect the ______ around us, such as trees and rivers. A. environment B. machine C. building 21. ______ is important for everyone, so we should eat healthy food and exercise regularly. A. Healthy B. Health C. Heal 22. My father is a ______ driver. He drives a bus every day. A. bus B. buses C. bus's 23. The teacher praised Tom for his ______ in the English competition. A. success B. succeed C. successful 24. The ______ festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. A. Spring B. Springs C. Spring's 25. She has a good ______ of foreign languages and can speak English, French and German. A. know B. knowledge C. knowing 二、冠词单项选择题（共 25 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 50 分） 从每题所给的 A、B、C 、D四个选项中，选出与句意相符的最佳选项。 26. This is ______ useful book. I read it every day. A. a B. an C. the D. / 27. ______ sun rises in the east and sets in the west. A. a B. an C. the D. / 28. She is ______ honest girl. Everyone likes her. A. a B. an C. the D. / 29. I usually go to ______ bed at 10 o'clock in the evening. A. a B. an C. the D. / 30. We will have ______ English test next week. Let's prepare for it. A. a B. an C. the D. / 31. He plays ______ basketball very well. He is in the school team. A. a B. an C. the D. / 32. ______ Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in the world. A. a B. an C. the D. / 33. My brother plays ______ piano every weekend. He wants to be a musician. A. a B. an C. the D. / 34. I have ______ orange and ______ banana for breakfast every day. A. a; an B. an; a C. the; a D. /; / 35. She goes to ______ school by bike every morning. A. a B. an C. the D. / 36. He is ______ university student. He studies computer science. A. a B. an C. the D. / 37. ______ moon is very bright tonight. Let's go for a walk. A. a B. an C. the D. / 38. We visited ______ Summer Palace when we were in Beijing. A. a B. an C. the D. / 39. I like ______ music. I often listen to it in my free time. A. a B. an C. the D. / 40. ______ People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. A. a B. an C. the D. / 41. She can play ______ guitar and ______ violin very well. A. the; the B. a; a C. /; / D. the; / 42. I have ______ new friend. He is from ______ United States. A. a; the B. an; / C. the; a D. /; an 43. She usually has ______ breakfast at home. ______ breakfast is very important for her. A. /; The B. a; A C. the; / D. /; / 44. ______ old man in the park is my grandfather. He likes walking there every morning. A. a B. an C. the D. / 45. We will have ______ picnic in the park this Sunday. Would you like to join us? A. a B. an C. the D. / 46. He is ______ tallest boy in our class. He is 1.9 meters tall. A. a B. an C. the D. / 47. I want to buy ______ pair of shoes. The shoes in that shop are very nice. A. a B. an C. the D. / 48. ______ English is widely used in the world. It is an important language. A. a B. an C. the D. / 49. She gave me ______ book as a birthday gift. ______ book is about history. A. a; The B. an; An C. the; A D. /; The 50. We should protect ______ earth. It is our only home. A. a B. an C. the D. / 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $