Unit4 知识清单 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语上册

Unit4 知识清单 A 部分 . 一．重点词汇短语 1.a folding fan 一把折扇 fold the clothes 叠衣服 2.a painting of bamboo 一幅竹子的图画； 3.bamboo shoots 竹笋；shoot-shot（at）朝。。。射击 4.one of the most popular subjects 最受欢迎的主题之一 5.a symbol of goodness 美德的象征; 6.in Chinese culture 在中国文化中 7.the fastest-growing plants 生长最快的植物 8.use sth to do 使用。。做; be used to do/be used for doing 被用做；a useful tool 一个有用的工具 9.exactly 的确地；actually=in fact 事实上 10.feel free to do 随便做 11.foreign tourists 外国游客; tour guide 导游 12.land animals 陆地上的动物；on land 在陆地 on earth 在地球上 13.African elephant 非洲象 South African 南非 14.among=of all the animals 在所有动物中 15.rose(-s)玫瑰；peony(-ies)牡丹；lotus flowers 荷花； moss 苔藓；redwood trees 红杉树 16.butterfly(-ies)蝴蝶；beautiful wings 美丽的翅膀；tree frog 树蛙；cheetah（-s）猎豹 17.up to 达到 ; weigh 80 kilos/kg 重 80 公斤 18.living trees 存活的树; living room 客厅 ；make a living 谋生 19.appear/disappear 出现/消失; appearance 外貌 20.believe/disbelieve; unbelievable 相信、不相信、令人难以置信的 21.Shaanxi Province 陕西省 22.thousands of tourists 成千上万的游客 23.the most popular 最受欢迎的； be popular with/among 受到。。。欢迎 24.take a walk=go for a walk 散步; 25.bring joy=happiness=pleasure to 带给。。。快乐 26. the best time to see sth 看。。的最好时间 27.bright yellow leaves 亮黄色的叶子 light/dark yellow 浅黄/深黄色 28.one of the oldest plants 最古老的植物之一 one of+the+adj(最高级)+可数名词复数 最... 的...之一 二．重点句子 —What's amazing about the blue whale?蓝鲸有什么神奇之处? —It's the largest/biggest animal in the world. 它是世界上最大的动物。 2. The cheetah runs the fastest among all land animals.在所有陆地动物中，猎豹跑得最快。 3. Bamboo seems to be a very popular plant in China.竹子在中国似乎是一种很受欢迎的植物。 4. Which animal jumps the highest, the lion, the monkey, or the tree frog? 哪一种动物跳得最高，狮子、猴子还是树蛙? 5. Chinese people love the ginkgo, as it is a symbol of hope and long life. 中国人喜欢银杏，因为它是希望和长寿的象征。 6. Thousands of tourists come to see it each year, especially in mid-October, as it is the best time to see it.每年都有成千上万的游客前来参观，特别是在 10 月中旬，因为这是观赏它（银杏树）的最佳时间。 7. When autumn comes, one of the most popular activities is to take a walk under ginkgo trees. 秋天来临时，最受欢迎的活动之一就是在银杏树下散步。 8. Bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings.竹子是中国画中最受欢迎的主题之一。 四．书面表达（一） 假如你是南山竹海景区的导游，请写一篇演说稿向外国游客介绍一下竹子。 Hello, everyone! Welcome to the Bamboo Sea. I am your tour guide today. I'd love to share all the interesting things about bamboo with you. Bamboo seems to be a very popular plant in China. You can find it almost everywhere . Do you know why the Chinese people like bamboo so much? First, bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings. It's a symbol of goodness in Chinese culture. Second, bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants. Some bamboo can grow almost one metre in one day. It's so amazing. Third, it's one of the most useful plants in the world. People can use it to build houses and make tools and instruments. Fourth, Bamboo is very delicious. It can be food for not only pandas but also people. Actually,we eat bamboo shoots. They are very delicious. So now, do you learn a lot about bamboo? Please free free to ask me any questions you have. Unit4 知识清单 B 部分 Unit 4 Section B 1、 重点短语集锦 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.be connected with 与...相连；与...有关联 2.each other相互，彼此 3.one of the best examples最好的例子之一 4.in fact确切地说，实际上 5.80 percent of plants百分之八十的植物 6.for this reason出于这个原因 7.one of the most interesting animals 最有趣的动物之一 8.for example例如 9.in order to do sth为了做某事 10.use sth. to do ...用某物做某事 11.play a part(in sth.) 参与某事 play a part in doing sth参与做某事 12.play an important part in发挥重要作用 13.the number of ...的数量 14.think about思考，考虑 15.on earth在地球上 16.such as例如 17.give sb.an example 给某人举例子 18.be home to有...栖息；是...的家乡 19.mean a lot to me对我意义重大 20.play a role (in) 在...发挥作用；扮演角色 21.the size of ... ...的尺寸/大小 22.as big as a human hand和人手一样大 23.by eating insects通过吃昆虫 (by doing 通过某种方式) 24.in nature 在自然中 25.popular subjects流行的主题 26.climate change气候变化 27.live up to 90 years活到90岁 28.last for over a year持续一年多 二、重点词汇解析 1. connect /kəˈnekt/ v. 关联；连接 connect …with / to…把……和……相连/联系 connected /kəˈnektɪd/ adj. 连接的；相关的 be connected with / to与……相连；与……有关联 connection /kəˈneksn/ n. 联系；连接 a connection between … and ………与……之间的联系 2. without /wɪˈðaʊt/ prep. 没有；缺乏without sb./sth. 没有某人 / 某物 without doing sth.不做某事 3. imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ v. 想象；猜想 imagine doing...想象做某事 imagine that从句.... 想象...... 4. disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的；沮丧的 disappoint /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt/ v. 使失望；使破灭 [词汇拓展] disappointing(adj.)令人失望的；disappointment(n.)失望 [词汇搭配] be disappointed at/by/with/ in sth.对某事/某物失望 be disappointed in/with sb.对某人失望的 be disappointed to do...做某事很失望 5.action /ˈækʃn/ n. 行动；行为 take action to do 采取行动做某事 [词汇拓展] act(v.)行动；actor/actress(n.)男/女演员；active(adj.)积极的 activity（n）活动 6.percent /pəˈsent/ (= percent) n. 百分之…… adj. & adv. 每一百中 [词汇搭配] 80 per cent 百分之八十 百分数用“基数词+per cent/percent of +名词”表示。 注意：“基数词+per cent/percent of +名词作主语时，其后的谓语动词与名词单复数保持一致。如： 70 per cent of the water in the village is from the big river. 这个村子70%水来自这条大河。 40 percent of the students are from the city. 40%的学生来自城市。 7. communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ v. 交流；沟通 communicate with与...交流 communication(n.)沟通，交流； have a communication with… 8.the number of “……的数量”，作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 a number of “许多”，相当于many,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 (1) The number of the students in our class is 50.我们班的学生人数是50。 (2) A number of students are playing soccer on the playground.许多学生正在操场上踢足球 9.protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护；防护 protect ... from/against... 保护...免受...的伤害 [词汇拓展] protection(n.)保护 protect ... from/against... 保护...免受...的伤害；protect the environment保护环境 10.importance /ɪmˈpɔːtns/ n. 重要性 the importance of... ...的重要性 [词汇拓展] important(adj.)重要的 11.human /ˈhjuːmən/ ①n. 人 =human being人类 复数humans ②adj. 人的；人类的 12..happiness /ˈhæpinəs/ n. 幸福；快乐 [词汇拓展] happy(adj.)快乐的；happily(adv.)快乐地；unhappy(adj.)不快乐的；unhappily(adv.)不快乐地 13.ton /tʌn/ n. 吨 tons of 大量，许多 14.role /rəʊl/ n. 作用；职能；角色 play an important role in (doing)sth在(做)中...发挥重要作用 15.climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候 climate change 气候变化；a pleasant climate宜人的气候 16.ocean /ˈəʊʃn/ n. 大海；海洋an ocean of...许多，大量；a drop in the ocean沧海一粟；九牛一毛 17.except /ɪkˈsept/ prep. 除……之外；除了 [词汇辨析] except / besides · except“除...之外”引出陈述中唯一不适用的事物、情形、人或想法。（做减法） All of his body relaxed except his right hand除了右手外，他全身都放松了。 · besides用“除...之外(还)”来引出除已经提到的事物之外的其他事物。（做加法） Fruit will give you, besides enjoyment, a source of vitamins水果除好吃之外，还富含维生素。 三、重点句子 1. How are plants and animals connected with us?动植物是怎样和我们有关联的？ 2. At this moment you realize people,plants,and animals all connected. 这一刻你意识到人类和动植物是紧密相连的。 3. We need each other to live.我们依靠对方活着。 4. As they fly from one flower to another,they take pollen with them.、 当他们从一朵花飞向另一朵花时，他们携带花粉一起。 5. In fact,without their work,about 80 per cent of the plants in the world cannot grow. 事实上，没有他们的工作，世界上大约80％的植物不能生长。 6. For this reason,many scientists believe that bees are the most important animals on this planet. 出于这个原因，许多科学家认为蜜蜂是世界上最重要的动物。 7. Bees are one of the most interesting animals in the world.蜜蜂是世界上最有趣的动物之一。 8. In order to store honey,they create honeycombs.为了存储蜂蜜，他们建造了蜂巢。 9. When a bee finds new food,it uses a dance to tell the others where and how far away the food is. 当一只蜜蜂找到新的食物，它用舞蹈去告诉其他蜜蜂食物在哪儿和食物有多远距离。 10. Bees play an important part in the ecosystem of our planet.蜜蜂在地球的生态系统中起着重要的作用。 11. However,the number of bees is dropping.然而，蜜蜂的数量正在下降。 12. Bees need our help,and there is a lot we can do.蜜蜂需要我们的帮助，还有很多事我们可以去做。 13. Think about what you can do to protect one of the most amazing animals on earth. 思考一下你能做得去保护世界上最神奇的动物吧。 14. There are many large trees in the town镇上有很多大树。 15. Blue whales play an important role in our world,so we must protect them. 蓝鲸在我们的世界上起着重要的作用，所以我们必须保护他们。 16. Take care of animals and plants because we cannot live without them. 保护好动植物因为没有他们我们不能活。 三．书面表达：（二） 假如你是李华，来自成都。你校正在进行“动物周 ”活动，请你根据下表提示，写一篇英语演讲稿，向同学们介绍大熊猫，让更多的人了解大熊猫、保护大熊猫。 外形 黑白相间 特点 可爱、强壮，爱吃竹子 栖息地 中国四川、陕西等地 濒危原因 内因：幼崽不易存活 外因：人类破坏其生存环境 保护措施 停止砍伐树木、建立自然保护区 现状 数量增长，现在野外约 1 900 只 要求：1.包含所有提示信息，并适当发挥；不少于 100 词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：bamboo 竹子；reserve（自然）保护区 【写作提示】 主题：介绍大熊猫 2. 体裁：演讲稿 3. 人称： 以第三人称为主 4. 时态： 以一般现在时为主 5. 要点：大熊猫的外形、特点、栖息地、濒危原因、对熊猫的保护措施及现状等 6. 写作思路：开头引出话题，接着详细介绍大熊猫的外形、特点、栖息地、濒危原因、保护措施、现状等 My favourite animal--Pandas Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua, a student from Chengdu. I will give a report about pandas. Pandas are my favourite animal. They are black and white. An adult panda is big and strong, but a baby panda weighed only half a kilo at birth. I think they are the cutest animal I know. They like climbing trees and playing balls. They like eating bamboo best. There are bamboo seas in Sichuan and Shaanxi, so pandas mainly live in these two provinces. However, some people cut down forests and pandas lost their homes in the past. Besides, pandas have few babies. As a result, they were in danger. It is important for us to protect pandas. Luckily, China has built(已经建立) many nature reserves. People stop cutting down trees and try their best to provide pandas with good food and houses . The number of pandas begins to grow. Now there are about 1,900 pandas in the wild. How amazing! Thanks for listening. 书面表达：（三） Hello, everyone. Welcome to China! I’m happy to be your guide today. I’d love to share something about pandas with you. Pandas are black and white, and they look very lovely. Pandas feed on bamboo. They mainly live in some forests in Sichuan and other places. Pandas are our friends. But now, the number of pandas is dropping. People cut down so many trees that pandas can’t find enough food and don’t have enough space to live in. Pandas play an important role in the ecosystem and culture. For this reason,our government is trying out many ways in order to save them, such as teaching people the importance of saving pandas and planting more bamboo. Thanks for listening! 三．形容词和副词最高级基本用法及练习 最高级用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示“最...”。 注意：①形容词、副词最高级前加 “the” The blue whale is the biggest animal in the world. ②最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格时，前面不加 the。 He is my best friend. ③若两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个最高级前不加 the。 He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class. 一、形容词和副词最高级的变化规则 （一）一般规则 1 、单音节词和部分双音节词：直接在词尾加 “-est” tall→tallest ，short→shortest ，fast→fastest ，hard→hardest 例句：The giraffe is the tallest animal in the zoo. 长颈鹿是动物园里最高的动物。 He runs fastest in the class. 他在班里跑得最快。 2 、以不发音的 “e”结尾的词：加 “-st” nice→nicest ，late→latest 例句：This is the nicest flower in the park. 这是公园里最美的花。 She arrives latest among all students. 她在所有学生中到得最晚。 3 、以 “辅音字母+y”结尾的词：变 “y” 为 “i” ，再加 “-est” happy→happiest ，early→earliest 例句：The happiest animal in the zoo is the panda. 动物园里最快乐的动物是熊猫。He gets up earliest every morning. 他每天早上起得最早。 4 、以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母：（即：辅音 + 元音 + 辅音）双写末尾辅音字母，再加“-est” big→biggest ，fat→fattest（厚厚地），thin-thinnest 例句：Elephants have the biggest ears in the animal world. 大象的耳朵是动物界中最大的。 People dress fattest in the coldest months.最冷的月份里人们穿得最厚。 5 、多音节词和部分双音节词：在词前加 “most” beautiful→most beautiful,carefully→most carefully, quickly-most quickly, popular-most popular例句：Peacocks are the most beautiful birds. 孔雀是最美丽的鸟类。 She listens most carefully in English class. 她在英语课上听得最认真。 （二）不规则变化 good/well→ best bad→ worst many/much→ most little→ least old→ oldest /eldest far→farthest/furthest This is the oldest tree in the park.（这是公园里最老的树。） My eldest brother is a doctor.（我的大哥是一名医生。） This is the farthest place I've ever been to.（这是我去过的最远的地方。）表示距离 This is the furthest plan we have made.（这是我们制定的最长远的计划。）表抽象意义 三、形容词和副词最高级的基本句型 （一）形容词最高级句型 1 、主语+be 动词+the+形容词最高级+表示范围的短语（in/of/among...） 用法：表示主语在某个特定范围内是 “ … … 是 … … 中最 … … 的” ， “the”不可省略。 例句： ①in 短语：后接比较的范围，通常是一个大的地方、团体、时间范围等 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 The blue whale is the largest animal in the world.蓝鲸是世界上最大的动物。 ②of/among 短语：后接一群人或事物，强调在同类事物中进行比较。 He is the cleverest student of/among the three.（他是这三个人中最聪明的学生。），“of/among the three” 指出在这三个人之中进行比较。 He is the tallest___among___the students He is the tallest___in___our class China is the largest one__of___all the Asian countries. China is the largest country__in___Asia. 2 、主语+be 动词+one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+表示范围的短语(in/of/among...）用法：表示主语是某一范围内 “ … … 是 … … 中最 … … 之一” ， “one of”后接名词复数。 Tigers are one of the most dangerous animals in the world.老虎是世界上最危险的动物之一。 Dogs are one of the most friendly animals to people. 狗是对人最友好的动物之一。 3 、主语+be 动词+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+表示范围的短语用法：表示主语在范围内是 “在 … … 中是第几 … … 的 … …”。 The second tallest animal on land is the African elephant. 陆地上第二高的动物是非洲象。 The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 长江是中国第一长河。 4.“Which / Who + be + the + 形容词最高级，A，B or C ？”：用于在三者或三者以上中选择出 “A,B,C哪个/谁是最 … … 的”。 Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth ？（太阳、月亮和地球，哪一个最大？） Who is the youngest, Tom, Jack or Mary ？（汤姆、杰克和玛丽，谁最年轻？） （二）副词最高级句型 1 、主语+实义动词+the+副词最高级+表示范围的短语（in/of/among...） 用法：表示主语在某个范围内做动作时 “ 最 … …地” ，副词最高级修饰动词。 Cheetahs run the fastest of all animals. 猎豹在所有动物中跑得最快。 The bees work the hardest in the garden. 蜜蜂在花园里工作最努力。 2 、主语+实义动词+one of +the+副词最高级+表示范围的短语 用法：表示主语在范围内做动作时是 “ 最 … …地之一”。 He speaks English one of the most fluently in our class. 他是我们班英语说得最流利的人之一。 Tom runs one of the fastest in the school sports meet. 汤姆是校运动会上跑得最快的人之一。 （三）、比较级形式表达最高级含义的句型 ① 否定词.......+形容词/副词的比较级 -What do you think of the plan?你觉得计划怎么样？-It can't be better. 再好不过了。 ② 比较级+than+ any other+可数名词单数 This book is more difficult than any other book.=This book is the most difficult of all.这些书当中这本最难③ 比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数 Asia is bigger than the other continents on earth.亚洲是地球上最大的洲。 ④ 比较级+than+anything/anyone else Lily is funnier than anyone else I know. $