2026年人教版英语长沙中考一轮复习词法考点04 动词

2025-12-10
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摘要:

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦动词专题,覆盖动词分类、非谓语动词、时态及被动语态等中考核心考点,通过思维导图构建知识体系,设计“考点梳理-易错警示-分层训练”教学环节,结合真题解析突破情态动词用法、非谓语动词形式等难点,体现复习的系统性与针对性。 亮点在于“考点-方法-能力”三维设计,如通过情态动词否定意义对比表、非谓语动词作状语用法辨析等实例,培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特设基础、提升、挑战三级习题,配合即时反馈解析,助力学生高效突破考点,教师可据此精准把控复习节奏,实现分层教学与应考能力提升。

内容正文:

2026年人教版长沙中考一轮复习词法考点04 动词 思维导图 考点一、动词分类 命题趋势: 动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语,用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式,这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战2026年中考时,考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义,多做练习,在实践中加以区分。 动词的分类 分类 特点 例句 实义动词 表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。 He works hard. 他工作努力。 连系动词 本身有词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。 They look the same. 他们看起来一样。 助动词 本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。 I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。 I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。 情态动词 本身有一定的意义,表示人的语气和情态,不可单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。 May I come in? 我可以进来吗? 1、实义动词 分类 用法 例句 及物 动词 能直接跟宾语 She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。 【知识拓展】 1. 单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如:accept接受;discover发现;enjoy享受;forget忘记;borrow借入;buy买;catch抓;invent发明;found建造;like喜欢;find寻找;forget忘记;receive接受;see看见;say说;show展示;make做;tell告诉等。 I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起,我忘了你的地址。 2. 双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如:give给;buy买;pay付款;hand递;read读;return返还;sell卖等。 I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。 3. 接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如:believe相信;find发现;hear听见,听说;keep保持;make使得;see看见等。 They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。 不及物动词 不能直接跟宾语(如果要加宾语需要加介词) He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。 【知识拓展】 常见的不及物动词:ache疼痛;appear出现;arise出现,上升,起立;arrive到达;belong属于;care关心;come来;cough咳嗽;cry哭;die死亡;disappear消失;exist存在,生存;faint昏倒,变得微弱;fall落下;flow流动;go去;happen发生;laugh笑;lie躺;listen听;live生活,居住;look看;occur发生;rise上升,起立;sit坐;smile微笑;swim游泳 2、连系动词 分类 常用词 例句 表示主语的状态、特征和身份等 be(是),look(看起来),seem(似乎),feel(感觉),appear(出现),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来) He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。 She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。 表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态,但侧重于转变后的结果 turn(转变),become(成为),get(得到),grow(增长),go(去),fall(跌落),come(来),prove(证明) Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。 After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后,情况变得越来越糟糕。 表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变 keep(保持),remain(仍旧),stay(保持),continue(继续) The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。 Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。 3、 助动词 1、be be的用法:be动词作助动词主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。 1. "be+现在分词"构成进行时态。 My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。 2. "be+及物动词的过去分词"构成被动语态。 The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。 2、助动词do 形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式 原形 do do not don’t 第三人称单数 does does not doesn’t 过去式 did did not didn’t 助动词do的用法:do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。 1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。 I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。 2. "do+动词原形"构成强调句。 I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。 3、助动词have 形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式 原形 have have not haven’t 第三人称单数 has has not hasn’t 过去式 had had not hadn’t 助动词have的用法:have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。 We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了 4、 情态动词 情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 1. can 的用法: (1).表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”, 即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如:She can swim fast, but I can’t . 。I can see with my eyes. (2).表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary.   你可以用我的字典。 (3).表示推测,意为“可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中, 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如:Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗? 2. could的用法: (1)can的过去式,意为“ 能、 会”,表示过去的能力。如:He could write poems when he was 10.  (2)could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时 could 没有过去式的意思。 Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。 3. may的用法: (1)表示请求、许可,比can 正式,如:May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?(2)表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能, 或许”,一般用于肯定句中。 如:It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。 (3)may的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may。如:He is away from school. He might be sick. (4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 如:May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。 May you succeed!祝你成功! 4. must的用法: (1)must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。 如:You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。 注意区分must 和have to 的区别: 1. must 侧重说话者的主观看法,认为有必要有义务去做某事。have to侧重于客观需要,含有“不得不,被迫”之意。 如:My bike was broken yesterday, so I had to walk to school. 昨天我的自行车坏了,所以我只能走路去学校。 (2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要 ” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如:You mustn’t play with fire.  你不许玩火 (3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t  或 don’t have to . 如:Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗?—No, you needn’t.不,你不必。 (4) must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now. 5. need的用法: (1)need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”。 用need 提问时,肯定回答为 must,否定回答为 needn’t。 如:—Need I stay here any longer?  我还有必要留在这儿吗?—Yes, you must .是的。—No. you needn’t. (2)need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。 如:I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。 6. should的用法: (1)should 意为“应该” ,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。 如:We should protect the environment. 7. had better的用法: had better do sth最好做某事,一般用在肯定句。如:You’d better get some sleep. 不用于疑问句。否定式:had better not do sth. 如:You’d better not waste any more of your time. 【易错警示】 考点二: 不同情态动词的否定意义也不同: 1.(1)can’t可译为“不会”, 如:I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。 (2)当句子表推测时,用can’t 表达不可能, 如:He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 2. may的否定式为 may not,译成“ 可能不”,如:He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。 3.(1)mustn’t 表示不许,不可。如:He mustn’t leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。 (2) mustn’t 也可用于以 may 表示要求时的否定回答中。如:—May I stand here?  我可以站在这里吗?—No, you mustn’t (can’t). 不,不行。 4.(1)needn’t 意为“ 不必”。如:You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to.你不需要见他,除非你愿意。 5. shouldn’t 表示不应该。如:You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things. 对于这种小事,你不应该感到这么不高兴。 考点二、非谓语动词 思维导图 不定式 1. 动词不定式的作用 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 谓语动词用单数形式,为避免"头重脚轻"常用it作形式主语。常用句型有: ①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间" To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。 作宾语 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan,decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于"动词+it+adj.+to do sth."句型中。it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。 I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。 作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语,两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有:time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗? Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗? 作状语 不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果和原因。 To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。 作表语 放在系动词后作表语。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。 2. 不定式的特殊用法 ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,须省略to。此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时,省略的to则要加上。 ②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do,其被动形式为to be done。 ►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 ③常接"疑问词+带to的不定式"的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 ►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 考向二:动名词 (一)动名词的构成 动名词是由"动词+-ing"构成,和现在分词形式一样,兼有动词和名词的特点。 (二)动名词作用 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,常用的句型结构有: It is no use(good)+v.ing. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。 作表语 放在系动词后面作表语 Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。 作宾语 用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语的词有:avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest,succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busy No matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情,我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。 作定语 用于名词前,起修饰说明作用 There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。 (三)动名词的特殊用法 即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有: love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大,但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。 考向三:分词 (一)现在分词和过去分词的构成 现在分词由v.+ing构成,过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。 (二)分词的用法 句子成分 用法 例句 作定语 现在分词表示正在进行,有主动的含义,过去分词表示已经完成,有被动的含义。 The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。 作表语 放在系动词后作表语 The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。 作宾语补足语 用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态 He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。 作状语 通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作,来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。 I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。 考点三、动词时态 1. 用法 (1)表示经常发生的动作、习惯性行为或永恒的真理、客观事实。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 (2)在时间、条件和让步状语从句中,如果主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。 If you are free this Sunday, well go for a picnic. 如果你这周日有空,我们将去野餐。 2. 第三人称单数动词变化规则: (1)一般情况下在动词词尾加s。 place—places speak—speaks put—puts experience—erperiences (2)以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词,一般在词尾加es。 do—does go—goes finish—finishes brush—brushes fix—fixes pass—passes watch—watches (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i加es。 study—studies carry—carries cry—cries (4)以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词,在词尾直接加s。 play—plays stay—stays 3. 否定句 He isn't an engineer. 他不是一位工程师。 We don’t read novels in class. 上课我们不看小说。 4.一般疑问句 —Is he a student? 他是一位学生吗? —Yes, he is./No, he isn't. 是的/不是的 —Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning?你早上七点钟起床? —Yes,we do./No,we don't. 是的/不是的 My routine diet ________(consist) of fruit, milk, vegetables and rice. 考点二 一般过去时 1.用法 (1)表示在过去某时发生的动作、存在的状态,或过去一段时间内习惯性、经常性的动作。 I graduated from No. 2 Middle School three years ago. 三年前我从第二中学毕业。 (2)表示一系列发生在过去的动作,尽管动作有先后,但是都用过去时,且在最后两个动词之间用and连接。 He took his bag, closed the door and left the room. 他拿起包,关上门,离开了房间。 (3)在时间、条件和让步状语从句中,如果主句用过去将来时,从句用一般过去时表示过去将来。 He would give the letter to her as soon as she came back. 她一回来他就会把信给她。 2. 否定句 He wasn't busy yesterday. 他昨天不忙。 He didn't smoke last year. 他去年不抽烟。 3. 疑问句 —Was he free yesterday?—Yes,he was./No,he wasn't. 他昨天有时间吗?有/没有。 —Did he graduate last year?—Yes,he did./No,he didn't. 去年他毕业了吗?是/不是。 4. 动词过去式变化规则。 (1)一般情况下在动词词尾加ed。 view—viewed   suffer—suffered laugh—laughed explain—explained finish—finished work—worked (2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加d。 experience—experienced     change—changed challenge-- challenged smoke—smoked escape—escaped graduate—graduated (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i加ed。 study—studied carry—carried cry—cried try—tried marry—married (4)以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词直接加ed。 play—played stay—stayed (5)以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”的重读闭音节结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加ed。 spot—spotted plan—planned skip—skipped (6)动词不规则变化: do—did   go—went  come—came run—ran write—wrote begin—began drink—drank keep—kept leave—left sleep—slept make—made lie—lay dig—dug eat—ate know—knew cut—cut set—set let—let read—read hurt—hurt When we reached the top of the hill, a magnificent view of the sea ________(greet) us.考点三 现在进行时 1. 用法 (1)表示说话时正在进行的动作。 Look, they are playing football. 看,他们正在踢足球。 (2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作,或表示正在发展变化的情况。 The population of the world is increasing. 世界人口正在不断增长。 Don’t make noise. The baby is falling asleep. 别出声。孩子就要睡着了。 (3)在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在进行时代替将来进行时。 If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please. 如果他来时我正在睡觉,请叫醒我。 (4)与always, all the time, constantly, forever等连用,表达说话人的赞赏、责备、厌恶等情感。 He's always thinking of others. 他总是想着他人。 【温馨提示】一些表示感觉、愿望和状态的动词,一般不用于进行时,如:be, love, hate, like, want, need, prefer, wish, know, believe, feel, remain, look, see, seem, fit, find, hear, allow, prove, sound, taste, desire等。 2. 动词现在分词的构成 (1)一般动词直接在词尾加ing。 do—doing     read—reading work—working think—thinking study—studying go—going watch—watching jump—jumping (2)以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,应先去掉 e 然后加ing。 like—liking     take—taking leave—leaving live—living receive—receiving dance—dancing come—coming smoke—smoking write—writing (3)以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”的重读闭音节结尾的动词,应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加ing。 stop—stopping  begin—beginning dig—digging swim—swimming run—running sit—sitting (注意:listen—listening open—opening eat—eating rain—raining sleep—sleeping) The population of our province is now ________(approach) 74 million.考点四 现在完成时 1.表示发生在过去的或已经完成的对现在仍有影响的动作 2.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,并持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和“for+时间段”“since+时间点/从句”连用。(表示持续的动作或状态多用延续性动词) 3.动作从过去到现在重复发生很多次 4.时间状语:already, yet, never/ ever, just, before ,since+时间点,for+时间段,how long in/ over/ during the past/ last 3 years,over the years,so far/ till now/ by now/up to now,these days,recently/ in recent years,once/ twice/ three times/ many times… 5.非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转化: leave --- be away, borrow --- keep begin/start --- be on buy --- have die --- be dead finish --- be over join --- be in+组织机构 或者 be a member of+组织机构 open sth --- keep sth open fall ill --- be ill get up---be up come here --- be here catch a cold --- have a cold fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) leave --- be away from go (get) out →be out put on→ wear 6. 重要句型: (1)That/This/It is the first (second, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中,从句要用现在完成时。 (2)"That/This/It is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + (that)从句"中,that 从句要用现在完成时。 (3)在"It is/has been + 一段时间 + since ... "句型中,主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时,从句用一般过去时。 (4)一段时间+ 完成时结构+ since 引导的时间状语从句 It has been/ It is 5 years since we last met. 自从上一次我们见面到现在已经是五年了。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。 This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。 Two years has passed since I came here. 我来这儿已经两年了。 【温馨提示】这个句式里面two years要看作一个整体,表示时间段,放在主语位置上,后面的谓语动词使用单数形式。 【易混辨析1】since/ for since 1. since后可加时间点,如 nearly three years ago或2008. 2. since引导时间状语从句时,后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时,主句动词用现在完成时。 for +一段时间 = since+一段时间+ ago for for后加一段时间。如ten years。 【易混辨析2】have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in的区别 have/ has been to 曾经去过,强调以往的经历。 The old man has been to Egypt when he was young. have/ has gone to 去了某地,强调还没有回来。 ---Where is your uncle? --- He has gone to the supermarket. have/ has been in 待在某地,住在某地 Mr. Smith has been in the lab for over ten hours. Over time, it ________(expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes.考点五 一般讲来时 1.be going to +动词原形,表示计划、打算做某事,表示已决定的并很可能发生的事。或者是根据天气迹象猜测要发生的事情。 What are you going to do next Sunday? 2. will +动词原形,表示将来要发生的动作或是存在的状态。 Will you be back in two days? 【易混辨析】be going to+动词原形和will+动词原形 be going to+动词原形 1.强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的,则通常要用be going to 2.若是有迹象表明要发生某事,通常只用be going to, "Ann is in hospital." "Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her tomorrow. (事先考虑的意图) will+动词原形 1.表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的当时才临时想到的,则通常用will "Ann is in hospital." "Oh, really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and visit her." 2.带有时间或条件状语从句的主句. 3. 时间状语: (1)tomorrow, the day after tomorrow (2)next...: next week, next year等 (3)in...: in three years, in a week, in 2025等 (4)soon等 【温馨提示】 1.当句中主语是I或者we时,一般使用shall, 表示征求对方的意见。When shall we meet tomorrow? 2. 如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在时。Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake. 3. 如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时,根据需要从句多用一般现在时。You should be quiet when you are in the reading room 4. 当if 表示“是否”时,不遵循主将从现的原则。I don’t know if he will come to my home tomorrow. Only team work will ________(able) us to get the job done on time.考点六 过去进行时 1. 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2. 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。 3.时间状语:this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while,as 【易混辨析】含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句 when when 所引导的时间状语从句中,动作既可以是长动作,也可以是短动作,即动词既可以使用延续性动词也可以使用非延续性动词。关键看动作是否能延续,可延续性动词用过去进行时,不可延续性动词用一般过去时。主句的动词根据动作可不可以延续决定,可以延续使用过去进行时,不可延续使用一般过去时。Jim was listening to the CD when his brother came back. while while 所引导的时间状语从句中,动作只能是长动作,即动词只能使用延续性动词。该延续性动词使用过去进行时。主句的动词根据动作可不可以延续决定,可以延续使用过去进行时,不可延续使用一般过去时。While I was doing my homework, my mother was watching TV. 考点四、被动语态 1.概念: 英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者;被动语态的主语是动作的承受者,理解为“被……” 。 2. 结构: 被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”,be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必要指出动作的执行者,只强调突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态。 【易错警示】 难点(1):动词短语变成被动语态时,要保持完整,不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 如:The old are taken good care of in the old people’s home.老人们在敬老院被照顾得很好。 难点(2):省略to的动词不定式,在被动语态中要还原to。 难点(3):不用被动语态的词,常见的有: 1. 五感官三变化两发生:look,smell,taste,feel,sound,become,get,turn,happen,take place。 如:The flowers smell nice.花闻起来很香。(不能用are smelt) Great changes took place in China.中国发生了巨大变化。(不能用were taken place) 2. come out,belong to,break out,spread,appear,disappear也不用被动语态。 如:The CD came out yesterday.这个CD昨天就发行了。(不能用was come out) 3. 某些可以和“well,easily,smoothly” 连用的不及物动词,且主语是物体,不用被动语态。这类词有:read,write,draw,wash,clean,cook,sell,lock,open,cut。 如:This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种笔写起来很流畅。(不能用is written) This kind of shirt sells very well.这款裙子卖得很好。(不能用is sold) 难点(4):一些易混淆的被动语态用法 1.have sth. done=have sb. do sth.请别人做某事 如:I have my TV repaired.=I have someone repair my TV.我请人修电视。 2.It is said that … / It is believed that … / It is reported that … 据说 / 据认为 / 据报道 如:It’s said that the library has a long history.据说这个图书馆有悠久的历史。 3.grow表示种植时,有被动语态;grow表示成长,生长时,没有被动语态。 如:Rice is grown in the south of China.水稻种植在中国南方。 Rice grows well this year.水稻今年长得很好。(不能用is grown) 4.sth. need / require doing=sth. need / require to be done 需要 / 要求做某事 如:The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered. 花需要浇水。 难点(5):带双宾语的动词变被动语态: 5、 习题 第一部分:动词时态与语态 (Questions 1-20) 1. I __________ (watch) a fascinating documentary about the ocean last night when you called. 2. By the end of next month, we __________ (finish) reading all the required books for the course. 3. Look! The new sports center near our school __________ (build) now. It will open next year. 4. — Is Mr. Li in his office? — No, he __________ (go) to Beijing for an important conference. He will be back on Friday. 5. In the past few years, great changes __________ (take) place in my hometown. 6. The valuable painting __________ (keep) in the museum for over a century before it was moved. 7. Be quiet, please. The students of Class 3 __________ (have) an English exam. 8. My grandmother often tells me that honesty __________ (value) above all else in life. 9. I __________ (wait) at the bus stop for nearly half an hour before the bus finally arrived. 10. The novel The Little Prince __________ (translate) into hundreds of languages since its publication. 11. If it __________ (rain) tomorrow, the school sports day will be postponed. 12. The scientist said that his team __________ (work) on a new energy project at that time. 13. This kind of mobile phone __________ (sell) well among teenagers because of its cool design. 14. By the time we got to the cinema, the movie __________ (start) for ten minutes. 15. Don't worry. Your computer __________ (repair) by the technician by 5 p.m. today. 16. She promised that she __________ (send) me all the notes after the lecture. 17. Traditional paper lanterns __________ (make) carefully by hand in this workshop. 18. I wasn't sure if he __________ (invite) to Jane's birthday party or not. 19. It is the third time that you __________ (forget) to bring your homework, Tom. 20. The rule says that all mobile phones must __________ (turn off) during the flight. 第二部分:情态动词 (Questions 21-35) 21. You __________ be very tired after such a long journey. Why not have a good rest? 22. — __________ I use your dictionary for a while? Mine is left at home. — Of course, here you are. 23. According to the school rules, students __________ wear uniforms on weekdays. 24. The light in his room is off. He __________ have gone to bed already. 25. — Whose English textbook is this? — It __________ belong to Lucy. I saw her reading it this morning. 26. You __________ water the flowers today. Look, it's going to rain soon. 27. To keep healthy, we __________ eat too much junk food. It's bad for us. 28. The instruction says the medicine __________ be kept in a cool and dry place. 29. It's already 7:30. She __________ have missed the early bus. That's why she's late. 30. — Must I hand in my report by the end of this week? — No, you __________. You can hand it in next Monday. 31. He __________ speak three foreign languages when he was only fifteen. How clever! 32. We __________ thank our parents enough for all the love and support they give us. 33. It's a secret between us. You __________ tell anyone else about it. 34. Look at the dark clouds. It __________ rain later in the afternoon. 35. Drivers __________ drive after drinking alcohol. It's not only a rule but also for safety. 第三部分:非谓语动词 (Questions 36-65) 用所给动词的适当形式填空,或填入适当的介词,使句子完整、通顺。每空一词。 36. It's important for us ________ (protect) the environment by recycling waste. 37. My dream is ________ (become) a scientist like Tu Youyou when I grow up. 38. The teacher asked the students ________ (not make) any noise in the library. 39. ________ (improve) her spoken English, she practices talking with foreigners every weekend. 40. The movie is too boring ________ (watch). Let's do something else. 41. I often hear Mary ________ (sing) English songs in the next room. 42. The little boy was made ________ (clean) his room again by his mother. 43. Would you mind ________ (open) the window? It's a bit hot here. 44. We are looking forward to ________ (visit) the new science museum next month. 45. It took me two hours ________ (finish) reading this novel yesterday. 46. The book is worth ________ (read) a second time because it's full of deep thoughts. 47. She is always the first ________ (come) and the last ________ (leave) the office. 48. Don't forget ________ (turn) off the lights when you leave the classroom. 49. The room is used ________ (store) old furniture and boxes. 50. I'm sorry ________ (keep) you waiting for such a long time. 51. The problem is too difficult for us ________ (solve) without the teacher's help. 52. He stood up ________ (see) the blackboard more clearly. 53. The girl was seen ________ (run) into the supermarket just now. 54. My parents don't allow me ________ (play) computer games on weekdays. 55. After ________ (have) a short rest, they continued climbing the mountain. 56. The old man prefers ________ (take) a walk after dinner rather than watch TV. 57. It's very kind of you ________ (help) me with my luggage. 58. The news was very ________ (excite) and made all of us ________ (excite). 59. The boy is old enough ________ (dress) himself. 60. We should try our best ________ (avoid) ________ (make) the same mistake again. 61. He has got used to ________ (get) up early to read English aloud. 62. The teacher came into the classroom, ________ (follow) by a group of students. 63. ________ (work) hard is the key to ________ (achieve) success. 64. The mother told her child ________ (not swim) in the river because it was dangerous. 65.I can't imagine ________ (live) without the Internet in today's world. 答案解析 第一部分:动词时态与语态 1. was watching。 考查过去进行时。时间状语“when you called”表示“当你打电话时”,描述过去某个时刻正在发生的动作。 2. will have finished。 考查将来完成时。时间状语“By the end of next month”是将来完成时的典型标志,表示到将来某个时间点之前会完成的动作。 3. is being built。 考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据“Look!”和“now”可知动作为此刻正在进行,且主语“sports center”是动词“build”的承受者。 4. has gone。 考查现在完成时。“has gone to”表示“去了某地(尚未回来)”,符合“他将在周五回来”的语境。 5. have taken。 考查现在完成时。时间状语“In the past few years”是现在完成时的标志,强调过去发生并对现在有影响的动作。 6. had been kept。 考查过去完成时的被动语态。主句动作“kept”发生在从句动作“was moved”之前,即“过去的过去”,且主语与动词为被动关系。 7. are having。 考查现在进行时。前句“Be quiet”提示动作正在进行。 8. is valued。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。讲述一个普遍的真理或事实,且“honesty”是“value”的承受者。 9. had been waiting。 考查过去完成进行时。强调在“公交车到”这个过去时间点之前,一直持续进行的动作。 10. has been translated。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。“since its publication”是现在完成时的标志,且主语“novel”是“translate”的承受者。 11. rains。 考查条件状语从句的时态。在if引导的真实条件句中,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。 12. was working。 考查过去进行时。主句动词“said”为过去时,且从句中有“at that time”,表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 13. sells。 考查主动表被动的特殊用法。某些动词(如sell, write, wash)与副词连用时,常用主动形式表示被动含义。 14. had been on。 考查过去完成时。与第6题类似,“By the time...”引导的时间状语从句表示“过去的过去”,且“start”为短暂性动词,不能与“for ten minutes”连用,需转换为“had been on”。 15. will have been repaired。 考查将来完成时的被动语态。时间状语“by 5 p.m. today”是将来完成时的标志,且“computer”是“repair”的承受者。 16. would send。 考查过去将来时。主句动词“promised”为过去时,其后的宾语从句中表示将要发生的动作用过去将来时。 17. are made。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。描述一个经常性的、习惯性的制作过程。 18. had been invited。 考查过去完成时的被动语态。主句为过去时,从句动作“invite”发生在主句动作“wasn‘t sure”之前,且为被动关系。 19. have forgotten。 考查固定句型。在“It is the + 序数词 + time that...”句型中,that从句常用现在完成时。 20. be turned off。 考查含情态动词的被动语态。结构为“must + be + 过去分词”。 第二部分:情态动词 21. must。 考查“must”表肯定推测的用法。根据“长途旅行后”这一原因,做出“你一定很累”的肯定推断。 22. May / Can / Could。 考查请求许可的用语。三者均可用于征求对方同意,其中“Could”语气最委婉。 23. must。 考查“must”表义务(必须)的用法。根据“校规”,这是一个强制性的要求。 24. must。 同第21题,根据“灯关着”这一迹象做出“他肯定已经睡了”的肯定推断。 25. must。 同第21题,根据“早上看到她读”这一证据做出肯定性推断。 26. needn’t / don‘t have to。 考查“不必”。根据后句“天要下雨了”,所以“今天你不必浇花”。 27. shouldn’t。 考查“shouldn’t”表建议(不应该)。为了健康,提出的建议。 28. must / should。 考查“必须/应当”。药品说明书上的指示或要求。 29. might / may / could。 考查表可能性(可能)的推测。迟到只是一种可能的原因,语气不肯定。 30. needn‘t / don’t have to。 同第26题,对“Must I...?”的否定回答。 31. could / was able to。 考查表过去能力的用法。描述十五岁时具有“说三门语言”的能力。 32. can never / cannot。 考查“can never...enough”句型,意为“再...也不为过”。 33. mustn’t。 考查“mustn‘t”表禁止(不许、不准)。这是一个强烈的禁止性要求。 34. may / might / could。 同第29题,根据“乌云”推测“可能”下雨,是不确定的推测。 35. mustn’t。 同第33题,酒后驾车是法律明令禁止的行为。 第三部分: 36. to protect考点:It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 固定句型。- 37. to become考点:动词不定式作表语,说明主语“my dream”的具体内容。 38. not to make考点:ask sb. (not) to do sth. 结构。动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。 39. To improve考点:动词不定式作目的状语。 40. to watch考点:too...to... 结构,表示“太...而不能...”。 41. sing考点:感官动词 hear 接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,表示听到动作的全过程。 42. to clean考点:使役动词 (make sb. do sth.),但在被动语态中必须恢复 to (be made to do sth.)。 43. opening考点:mind doing sth. 介意做某事。mind 后接动名词作宾语。 44. visiting考点:look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事。此处的 to 是介词,后接名词或动名词。 45. to finish考点:It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人一些时间做某事。 46. reading考点:be worth doing 值得做。主动形式表被动含义。 47. to come; to leave考点:序数词 (the first, the last 等) 后常接动词不定式作定语。 48. to turn考点:forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 (事情还没做)。 49. to store考点:be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。表示用途或目的。 50. to have kept考点:be sorry to do sth. 为做某事感到抱歉。 51. to solve考点:too...for sb. to do... 对某人来说太...而不能...。 52. to see考点:动词不定式作目的状语。 53. to run考点:感官动词  (see sb. do) ,在被动语态 (be seen) 后,必须用带to的不定式。 54. to play考点:allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。 55. having考点:介词 after 后接名词或动名词作宾语。 56. to take / taking考点:prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 或 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. to help考点: 57. It's + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 固定句型。形容词 描述的是人 ,故用 of。 58. exciting; excited考点:现在分词 修饰物,表“令人...的”;过去分词 修饰人,表“感到...的”。 59. to dress考点:...enough to do... ...足够...可以做...。 60. to avoid; making考点:try one's best to do 尽力做某事;avoid doing sth. 避免做某事。 61. getting考点:get/be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 (这里的 to 是介词)。 62. followed考点:过去分词 (followed) 作伴随状语,表被动,逻辑主语 t 是“被跟随”的对象。 63. Working; achieving考点:the key to... 中 to 是介词,后接名词或动名词 (achieving)。 64. not to swim考点:tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人 (不要) 做某事。 65. living考点:imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。 第 1 页 共 28 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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2026年人教版英语长沙中考一轮复习词法考点04 动词
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2026年人教版英语长沙中考一轮复习词法考点04 动词
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2026年人教版英语长沙中考一轮复习词法考点04 动词
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