2026年牛津译林版初中英语语法精要详解 part 18 比较结构

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考语法核心考点“比较结构”，系统梳理一般比较（more/less+adj./adv. than）和原级比较（as...as...）两大类型，涵盖than从句结构一致、比较对象一致等15项易错点，设计“考点分类-易错精析-真题例句”教学环节，通过对比例句帮助学生构建知识网络，突破语法应用难点。 亮点在于“易错点靶向突破”策略，如针对比较对象重复问题，设计“that/those替代”专项对比练习，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。资料中“-ior形容词搭配to”“than从句省略与倒装”等考点均配中考真题例句，配合“基础辨识-句式转换-写作应用”三级训练，教师可通过即时纠错指导，帮助学生高效掌握规则，提升应试准确性，实现精准复习。

初中英语语法精要详解 part 18 比较结构 1. 比较结构的种类 （1）一般比较结构 more/less+adj./adv. than… 比……更加/更少…… She is more careful than Judy. 她比朱迪更小心。 She is less careful than Judy. 她没有朱迪小心。 She works harder than me. 她比我工作努力。 She works less hard than me. 她没我工作努力。 （2）原级比较结构 as adj./adv. as… 与……一样 not so/as adj./adv. as… 不与……一样 She is as careful as Judy. 她与朱迪一样小心。 She is not as/so careful as Judy. 她不如朱迪小心。 She works as hard as Judy. 她跟朱迪一样用功。 She doesn't work as /so hard as Judy. 她没有朱迪工作努力。 2. 用一般比较结构应注意事项 （1） than 引导的状语从句结构须与主句结构一致 ①主句有 be 动词时， than 引导的状语从句亦应有 be 动词。 She is more careful than you are . ②主句有一般助动词时， than 引导的状语从句亦应有助动词。 She can dance better than I can . ③主句只有动词时， than 引导的状语从句则以 do, does, did 取代。 She works harder than you do. （2） than 引导的状语从句结构亦可将上列的 be 动词﹑助动词或 do/does/did 省略，仅保留主语。 She is more careful than you (are). She can dance better than you (can). She works harder than you (do). （3） than 引导的状语从句结构亦可采用倒装结构 ① be 动词 She is more careful than are you . ②助动词 She can dance better than can you . ③动词→ do/does/did She works harder than do you . （4）比较时态不一致时， than 引导的状语从句结构则不可省略。 ① be 动词 She is more careful than she was / was she ten years ago. 她比十年前更谨慎了。 ②助动词 She can dance better than she could / could she ten years ago. 她比十年前跳得更要好。 ③动词→ did She works harder than she did / did she / she used to when she was young. 她比年轻时更加努力工作。 （5）比较对象要一致 比较对象为避免重复，单数用 that ，复数用 those. Students in this school study harder than those in that school. 这个学校的学生要比那个学校的学生更用功。 The color of this car is darker than that of that one. 这辆车的颜色要比那辆车深。 （6）绝大多数的副词或形容词（特别是三音节以上的副词或形容词）被 more 修饰时，均保留原级，但单音节或少数双音节的副词或形容词则是不规则变化，自成比较级，不能再用 more 修饰，否则造成双重比较。 三音节： She is more beautiful than Judy. 双音节： She is more careful than Jane. She is cleverer than David. 单音节： She is better than Jenny. （7） more...than... 结构中，若为两个形容词相互比较，则该两个形容词一律使用原级。 She is more conservative than aggressive . 相对激进来说她更保守。 She is better than Jenny. 她比珍妮好。 （8） less 之后的副词或形容词，不论任何音节，均使用原级。 She is less good than Judy. 她不比朱迪好。 （9）注意自行比较的结构 ①不同时态 be 动词 She is happier than she was two years ago. 助动词 She can dance better than she could three months ago. 一般动词→ did She works much harder than she did two years ago. ②若有对等的介词短语时， than 之后的相同主语及谓语部分可以省略 She is happier with Jack than (she is) with Tom . 她跟杰克在一起要比跟汤姆在一起愉快。 She is more interested in music than (she is) in history . 她对音乐的兴趣大于历史。 （10）主句结构及 than 从句结构均为“主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语”，且动词相同时， than 从句的动词可用 do, does, did 代替。 I love you more than he loves you. =I love you more than he does (you). 我爱你胜过他爱你。 I love you more than I love her. =I love you more than I do her. 我爱你胜过我爱她。 （11）若干以 -ior 结尾的形容词本身已具有比较级的意思，不可用于 more...than 或 less...than 的结构中，须与介词 to 连用。 ① be superior to... 比……优越 be inferior to… 比……差劲 be senior to… 比……年长/地位高 be junior to 比……年轻/地位低 When it comes to singing, John is superior to most of his classmates. 说到唱歌，约翰要比多半的同学强多了。 ② prior to+ 名词 在……之前（指时间） =before+ 名词 posterior to+ 名词 在……之后（指时间） =after+ 名词 Prior to the war, he was a solider. Posterior to the war, he converted to Buddhism. 战前他是个士兵。战后他皈依佛门。 （12）注意同范围及不同范围的比较 ①同范围 She is better than any other students/anyone else /all the other students in her class. 她比她班上任何一个学生都要好。 ②不同范围 She is better than any students/anyone/all the students in John's class. 她比约翰班上任何人都好。 （13）两者作比较应使用比较级，三者以上作比较应使用最高级。 ①两者 She is the better of the two . 她是两者中较好的一个。 ②三者 She is the best of/among the three/four/five… all . 她是三个/四个/五个……/所有人之中最棒的一个。 （13） The+ 比较级， the+ 比较级 愈……就愈…… 若句中的主语为一般名词，且之后的动词为 be 动词时，该 be 动词可省略。 The colder the weather is , the more comfortable my life will be . =The colder the weather, the more comfortable my life. 天气愈冷，我日子过得就越舒坦。 （14） the+ 序数词 (second, third...) + 最高级 John is the second best student in my class. =John is the best student in my class, second only to Jenny. 约翰是我班上第二棒的学生，仅次于珍妮。 （15） more and more 愈来愈…… less and less 愈来愈不…… She is getting more and more beautiful. 她越来越漂亮了。 His French is getting better and better. 他的法语愈来愈好。 Somehow I am getting less and less interested in dance. 不知怎的我对舞蹈愈来愈不感兴趣。 3. 用原级比较结构应注意事项 （1） as...as... 与……一样地…… ①上列结构中，第一个 as 是副词，译成“一样地”，第二个 as 则为连词，译成“和”“与”。 ②第一个 as 是副词，后面应接形容词或副词来修饰。 as adj./adv. as… 和……一样地…… He is as handsome as Jack (is). 他和杰克一样英俊。 She works as hard as Judy (does). 她与朱迪一样努力。 （2）使用 as...as... 的结构时，如同 than 的结构一样， as 引导的结构可采用倒装句型。 She works as hard as Judy (does). =She works as hard as does Judy . She is as beautiful as you (are). =She is as beautiful as are you . （3）肯定句只能使用as...as...；否定句可使用>not as...as...或not so...as... ①肯定句 She is as beautiful as Judy. ②否定句 She is not so beautiful as Judy. =She is not as beautiful as Judy. 她并不如朱迪那样漂亮。 She does n't work so hard as Judy. =She does n't work as hard as Judy. 她工作没有朱迪那样努力。 （4） the same...as... 和……相同的…… I have exactly the same car as that one. 我有一辆车，跟那一辆完全相同。 （5） as many as+ 数词 + 复数名词 多达…… As many as thirty students have passed the exam. 通过这次考试的学生多达 30 人。 as much as… 亦表“多达……”，之后多接“金钱”。 We spent as much as 2000 yuan on the journey. 这趟旅行我们花了多达 2000 元。 （5） as adj./adv. as one can 尽量…… =as adj./adv. as possible She tried as hard as she could to finish the task. =She tried as hard as possible to finish the task. 她尝试着尽力完成任务。 You should be as careful as you can/as possible in dealing with such problems. 处理这样的问题时你应尽量小心。 （6） be as adj. as (adj.) can be ……得不得了 She is as nice as nice can be. =She is as nice as can be. 她善良得不得了。 （7）下列结构中可用 so much as 取代 even （甚至） ① without even V-ing 连……都没有 =without so much as V-ing She left without so much as/even saying goodbye. 她连道别一声都没有便离开了。 ②助动词 (have, do, can)+not even V 甚至……都不…… =助动词 +not so much as V She can not even write her own name, much less a letter. =She can not so much as write her own name, much less a letter. 她甚至连自己的名字都不会写，更别说写信了。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $