专题1 第1讲 细节理解题——据文比对定答案(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

[对应学生用书P6] 年份 名称 篇目 考查 体裁 主题语境 文章话题 命题考点 细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句 猜测 2025 全国 一卷 A 应用文 人与自然 交通运输领域的碳排放及绿色转型方案 6 7 1 1 B 记叙文 人与社会 写作课的教学启示 C 议论文 人与社会 城市交通与生活 D 说明文 人与社会 微塑料污染的解决方案 二卷 A 应用文 人与社会 英国的四个特色小镇 8 4 2 1 B 记叙文 人与社会 开设在儿童医院里的学校 C 说明文 人与自然 绿植对健康的影响 D 说明文 人与社会 用食物边角料制作美味 2024 新课标 Ⅰ卷 A 应用文 人与社会 公益事业与志愿者服务 10 3 1 1 B 记叙文 人与自然 中西医结合治疗动物 C 议论文 人与社会 学习媒介的选择 D 说明文 人与社会 生物样本数据的可用性 Ⅱ卷 A 应用文 人与自然 卡洛秋季徒步健身活动 6 6 1 2 B 记叙文 人与社会 车站阅读亭项目 C 说明文 人与社会 BMF公司缩短食物到餐桌的距离 D 说明文 人与自我 图书推荐畅销书—AI by Design 2023 新课标 Ⅰ卷 A 应用文 人与社会 自行车租赁 6 7 1 1 B 记叙文 人与自然 “污水净化”生态设计 C 说明文 人与自我 数字极简主义生活方式 D 议论文 人与社会 “群体智慧”效应 Ⅱ卷 A 应用文 人与自然 黄石国家公园护林员项目 8 5 1 1 B 记叙文 人与自我 学校菜园项目 C 说明文 人与社会 书籍介绍 D 说明文 人与自然 接触自然有益健康 [对应学生用书P7] 第1讲　细节理解题——据文比对定答案 [对应学生用书P7] 细节理解题常分为直接信息理解题、间接信息理解题、综合信息题和数字计算题。直接信息理解题较简单，一般在原文中可以直接找到答案。间接信息理解题相对要难些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。综合信息题虽然各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但学生需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答。 常见设问方式 选项特征 (1)特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词引出问题； (2)以“According to...”开头的提问形式； (3)就文中数字、排序等提问； (4)填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ． 正确特征 干扰选项特征 原词 复现 选项中的某个单词或短语与原文完全一致 扩缩 范围 与文章细节部分吻合，部分相悖 同义 替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换 无中 生有 明显与文章内容不符或没有提及 语言 简化 把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化 偷梁 换柱 符合常识，但不是文章内容 正话 反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达 张冠 李戴 是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点 直接细节题——搜索定位巧比对 在解答直接细节题时，学生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。 　(2025·全国二卷，A) Hereford，Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189.Skirting the town square，you'll find lovely shops，eateries，and the Black and White House Museum.The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town.It's also home to an ancient library.One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. 21．Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A．In the Ludlow Castle. B．In the Foodie Center of England. C．In the Hereford Cathedral. D．In the Black and White House Museum. [自主解答]　C [解题导引] 第一步　找关键词 题干中的关键词为an original copy of the Magna Carta。 第二步　寻信息句 根据关键词定位选段到原文中的信息源“One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”。 第三步　比对答案 直接得出正确选项。 [技法归纳] 综合细节题——语义转换善概括 为了更好地考查学生的语言知识和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以修改或转换，这就需要学生对多处信息进行理解。 　(2025·全国二卷，A) Shrewsbury，Shropshire Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.The River Severn has a significant turn through town，almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets，window boxes，and planters—just what you imagine in an attractive English market town. 22．What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center? A．It's situated near a big island. B．It's almost surrounded by water. C．It's known for its flower festival. D．It's easily accessible from London. [自主解答]　B [解题导引] 第一步　找关键词 题干中的关键词为Shrewsbury Town Center；feature。 第二步　寻信息句 定位至 “Shrewsbury，Shropshire” 部分中的“The River Severn has a significant turn through town，almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.”。 第三步　比对答案 “almost surrounded by water”，是原文 “The River Severn has a significant turn through town，...Shrewsbury Town Center”的同义转述，符合题意。 [技法归纳] 数字计算题——整合推算巧破解 此类试题要求学生对具体细节信息，尤其是对相关的时间、数量等数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，但此类试题重点不在于计算，而在于考查学生对具体细节信息的处理能力。 　(2025·全国一卷，A) The greening of planes，trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放).As the world races to decarbonize everything，it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. 21．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A．11.6%.　　　　　　 B．45.1%. C．74.5%. D．86.1%. [自主解答]　C [解题导引] 第一步　找关键词 根据题干中的关键词What percentage可知，应寻找2018年道路交通工具占全球交通排放量百分比的相关信息。 第二步　寻信息句 定位图表上ROAD VEHICLES中的相关数据“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%”和“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%”。 第三步　比对答案 2018年道路交通工具占全球交通排放量的百分比应为：45.1%＋29.4%＝74.5%。 [技法归纳] [对应学生用书P9] A (2025·合肥质检) Splendid Colors: Chinese Costume Culture Exhibition Date：Jun.7—Sept.8 Location：South Exhibition Hall 1&2，1/F，the China National Arts and Crafts Museum in Beijing Highlights This exhibition showcases traditional costumes from more than 30 ethnic (民族的) groups across various dynasties，emphasizing the unity within Chinese culture.Visitors can gain insights into their daily activities and infer the environmental conditions based on the materials and techniques used in the costumes.This is why experts nowadays refer to these costumes as “wearable history books.” Online Reservations All visitors can make a reservation 1—7 days in advance through our official website or official WeChat platform.All visitors shall arrive at the museum on time according to the reserved time schedule.If you miss the appointment，entry will be denied.If you cannot visit on time，please cancel at least 2 hours beforehand.Late cancellations will not get your money back. We do not currently accept group reservations. Entry Instructions Upon entering the museum，please present the original ID card used for making the reservation and the generated QR code (二维码).International visitors must present their passports along with the QR codes.All visitors entering the museum shall go through security screening.Visitors with access requirements and their accompanying family members or personal carers can skip the queues to enter the museum. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍中华服饰文化展。 1．What is a purpose of the exhibition? A．To call for environmental protection. B．To celebrate the cultural unity of China. C．To explore the daily life of ethnic groups. D．To preserve the materials and techniques. 解析　细节理解题。根据 Highlights 部分中的“This exhibition showcases...emphasizing the unity within Chinese culture.” 可知，这场展览强调了中国文化的统一性。 答案　B 2．What will happen if you cancel your reservation 3 hours in advance? A．Your money will be returned. B．Your account will not be affected. C．Your appointment will be rescheduled. D．Your cancellation will not be accepted. 解析　细节理解题。根据 Online Reservations 部分的中的“If you cannot visit on time，please cancel at least 2 hours beforehand.Late cancellations will not get your money back.”可知，如果不能按时参观，需至少提前 2 小时取消预约，否则将无法获得退款。 所以提前 3 小时取消预约，钱是会被退回的。 答案　A 3．What are the visitors required to do when entering the museum? A．Take personal carers. B．Pay with their QR codes. C．Pass a security check. D．Confirm their reservation. 解析　细节理解题。根据题干关键词将解题信息定位至 Entry Instructions 部分。根据 “All visitors entering the museum shall go through security screening.”可知，所有进入博物馆的游客都要经过安全检查。 答案　C 二次精读 核心 词汇 Para.4：costume n.(某地或某历史时期的)服装；戏装 showcase v.展示，展现 wearable adj.穿戴舒适的，可穿戴的 Para.6：beforehand adv.提前，预先，事先 cancellation n.取消；撤销；中止 Para.8：security n.保护措施，安全工作；担保 accompany v.陪同，陪伴；伴随 核心 短语 gain insights into洞悉，了解 make a reservation 预订 go through 执行某行动，实行某方法，履行某程序 call for 呼吁 B (2025·豫西北教研联盟质检)I'm an artist，always considering art and beauty as essential to life as daily bread.However，I didn't initially think much about how others perceived art.Over time，I noticed that many，even most people，regarded art as a luxury rather than a necessity. My rudest awakening to this subject came during a visit to Britain.While exploring the countryside，I stopped at a small store that made its own cheese daily.The salesperson，a young woman with an air of expertise，was astonished by my ignorance of milk products.When I asked if they sold the cheese made that morning，she said with annoyance，“Don't you know anything about cheese？”Suddenly and without thinking，I said，“No.Do you know anything about art？” Her reply “No.But that's not something you have to do with every day，and cheese is！”made me realize that for most people，art isn't a daily essential. Despite this common view，I firmly believe art is as crucial as food.It's the expression of our individuality.We all share basic human qualities，feelings，and longings，but it's how we express them uniquely that defines art. Throughout art history，while the subject matter of paintings may be similar，the true essence lies in the artist's unique style.Museums，which I once saw as the preserve of a few great artists，now seem to spotlight the universal truth of individual uniqueness.They remind us that expressing our originality is the core of art and life. Art is everywhere in our daily lives.Whether we're cooking，arranging flowers，or conducting business，art is our unique voice，helping us resist pressure to follow and preserve our individual beauty.As John Muir said，“Everybody needs beauty as well as bread.” Art is indeed a universal，individual，and fundamental truth；it is also an essential part of our daily existence. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一个艺术家，认为艺术和面包一样对生活至关重要。在英国的一次经历让他意识到很多人认为艺术是一种奢侈品而非必需品。尽管如此，作者依然坚信艺术是至关重要的，它是我们个性的表达，存在于日常生活的方方面面。 4．How did the author originally react to others' views on art? A．He felt curious. B．He paid little attention. C．He was concerned. D．He was opposed to them. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “However，I didn't initially think much about how others perceived art.” 可知，作者最初并没有过多地考虑别人是如何看待艺术的，也就是几乎没注意。 答案　B 5．What did the author learn during his visit to the British store? A．The beauty of cheese. B．The necessities in life. C．The common opinion on art. D．The value of art in life. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Her reply ‘No.But that's not something you have to do with every day，and cheese is！’ made me realize that for most people，art isn't a daily essential.”可知，作者通过这次经历了解到了大多数人对艺术的普遍看法，即艺术不是日常必需品。 答案　C 6．Why does the author think art is crucial? A．It shapes one's personality. B．It's as common as daily bread. C．It enriches people's lives. D．It's a way to show off oneself. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “It's the expression of our individuality...but it's how we express them uniquely that defines art.”可知，作者认为艺术塑造了一个人的个性，所以作者认为艺术至关重要。 答案　A 7．What does the text mainly convey to us? A．The significance of art in everyday life. B．The author's long-term passion for art. C．The difference between art and daily needs. D．The history of art and the role of museums. 解析　文章大意题。在文章开头作者表明自己作为艺术家认为艺术对生活至关重要，接着讲述了自己在英国的经历以及别人对艺术的看法，然后阐述了自己坚信艺术重要的原因，最后强调艺术存在于日常生活的方方面面，是生活中必不可少的一部分。由此可知，文章主要传达的是艺术在日常生活中的重要性。 答案　A 二次精读 核心 单词 Para.1: initially adv.开始，起初　 perceive v.理解，思考，认为 essential adj.必不可少的，极其重要的 necessity n.必需的事物，必需品 Para.2: expertise n.专门知识，专门技能　ignorance n.无知 Para.3: crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 individuality n.个性，个体特征　 longing n.(对……的) 渴望，热望 Para.4: essence n.本质，实质　spotlight vt.特别关注，突出报道(以使公众注意)　 core n.最重要的部分，核心，要点 核心 短语 Para.2: without thinking不经思考地，毫不考虑地 Para.5: resist pressure 顶住压力 熟词 生义 Para.4：preserve 常用义： v.保护，维护，保留 文章义： n.(某人或群体活动、工作等的)专门领域 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $