备考前研 第1讲 运用2策略，攻破词汇障碍(课件PPT)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“词汇障碍突破”核心考点，依据高考评价体系明确了阅读中词义推断题型的考查要求，通过梳理“跳读无关词汇”“猜词技法”两大策略，归纳出熟词生义、构词法、逻辑判断三大常考方向，体现备考的针对性和实用性。 课件亮点在于“策略指导+技法训练+随堂应用”的系统设计，如通过高考真题实例解析“熟词生义借助上下文语境”“构词法拆分词根词缀”等方法，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。随堂训练包含高频词汇应用，助力学生高效突破阅读词汇障碍，教师可据此开展针对性教学，提升复习效率。

第1讲　 运用2策略，攻破词汇障碍 备考前研 备考前研 1 策略1　无关紧要的词汇——“跳过去” 备考前研 1 备考前研 1 策略2　影响阅读的词汇——“猜出来” 备考前研 1 借助熟词猜生义 备考前研 1 备考前研 1 利用构词法猜词义 备考前研 1 备考前研 1 备考前研 1 备考前研 1 巧用逻辑判词义 备考前研 1 备考前研 1 随堂训练·即时体验 备考前研 1 n.伤害；危害 n.室内盆栽植物 备考前研 1 v.使电气化 adj.现代的；当代的；n.心碎；极度悲伤 备考前研 1 v.抑制，阻止 v.突然明白，豁然开朗 备考前研 1 谢谢观看 备考前研 1 高考语篇中经常会出现一些生僻词，即使不知道它的精确含义也不会影响对其基本文意的理解。所以，考生平时要练习对生僻词的“容忍度”，对于这类词不要过多纠缠，尽管放心大胆地“跳过去”，继续往下阅读。 一起出现的几个首字母大写的单词 它可能是个专有名词，不需要知道其意思，只需要知道它是某个事物的名称即可。 斜体的单词 它可能是某本书、杂志、电影的名称或某个专业术语，不用了解它的意思，只需要知道它代表什么事物即可。 　 典例 分析 (2025·全国一卷)The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. 前文明确提到研究未涵盖所有类型的塑料，仅聚焦三种常见类型，随后用破折号引出“polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene”，显然这三个词是对 “three common types of plastics”的具体举例。再通过chemicals可判定这三个词为“常见化学材料”就可以了，不必知道其具体含义。 如果在阅读中遇到纯粹的生僻词或生僻短语，可以借助上下文的逻辑关系猜测词义。 高考语篇中生词的数量是有限制的，但是高考对课标词汇的义项考查是没有限制的。很多单词本身有很多释义，我们所熟知的通常是教材中给出的最常用的释义，而命题人在设计试题时，所给单词的含义不会局限于考生熟悉的含义。有些单词的生义与熟义相差很远，需要考生结合语境仔细推敲来确定单词的含义。 典例 清障碍 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，B) Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared to put him to sleep，but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. condition熟义为“状态、情况”，根据前文“serious heart”，再结合下文“had a heart attack”可知，此处在介绍Charlie的心脏健康问题，结合语境猜测此处表示心脏“疾病”之意。 在阅读过程中，考生可以根据构词法猜测出一些长难单词的含义。 构词法主要有三种：1.派生、合成和转化。派生是指由一个词或词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词；2.合成则是由两个或更多的词合成一个新词；3.转化是由一种词性转化为另一种词性。掌握构词法有助于我们准确地猜测出生词的意思，高效阅读。 构词法 典例 清障碍 合成法 (2025·全国一卷，A) Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services.New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge. energy (n.能源) ＋efficient (adj.高效的) →energy-efficient adj.节能的，高效能的 派生法 (2025·全国一卷，A) As the world races to decarbonize everything，it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. 前缀de-(去除) ＋ 词根carbon (n.碳) ＋动词后缀-ize(使……化)→ decarbonize v.脱碳 转化法 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，C)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. print的常见词性为动词，表达“印刷、打印”之意。此处print名词化，含义为“出版物、印刷物”。 在阅读过程中，遇到纯粹的生词或没有见过的生僻短语，我们可以借助上下文中的逻辑关系猜测词义，常见的方法有：利用定义、定语从句、同位语等猜测词义；借助对比、同义或反义表达猜测词义；通过因果、转折关系猜测词义；根据所举的例子反推词义。 典例 清障碍 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，B) He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture，chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 形容词“holistic”后紧跟破折号引领的动词-ing结构进行解释说明，结合后文“combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture”可知，此处“holistic medicine”表明结合西方治疗法和中国传统针灸、按摩疗法的“全面”疗法。 写出下列句中黑体词的词性和词义 1．(2025·全国二卷，B)Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，”Ho says. _______________ 2．(2025·全国二卷，C)When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants，she didn't have high hopes for it. _________________ 3．(2025·全国一卷，A)Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simply ways. ____________ 4．(2025·全国一卷，B)In my ninth-grade writing class last year，I met a cowboy who saved his town，a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's，and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. ______________________________________ 5．(2025·浙江卷1月，C)In a matrix garden，plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground，forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.________________ 6．(2025·浙江卷1月，B)“Feeding is a long game，”says Markey.“The food you have available makes a huge difference.Even if they don't eat it，they're seeing it.And then all of a sudden it clicks.” _______________________ $