精品解析：上海市浦东新区2025-2026学年高三上学期期中练习英语试题

2025学年度第一学期高三英语阶段练习（202511） （完卷时间：105分钟 满分：115分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Babies are less afraid when they can scent their mothers Babies feel relieved by the presence of their mother’s scent, according to research that looked at how their brains respond to fear. The idea behind it is ___1___ a familiar scent can comfort babies. “Some doctors tell new mums to put a(n) ___2___ (wear) T-shirt in the bed with their baby,” says Sarah Jessen at the University of Lubeck in Germany. ___3___ (investigate) whether this works, Jessen presented photos of happy and fearful facial expressions to seventy six 7-month-old babies — the age by which they ___4___ (develop) their fear response. Each of the babies viewed the photos while they ___5___ (introduce) to either the familiar scent of their mother or a stranger’s scent. Jessen also measured electrical signals in the babies’ brains ___6___ (use) an EEG cap (脑电帽). Before the experiment, all the babies’ mothers were given a cotton T-shirt, ___7___ they slept in for three nights in a row. The mothers ___8___ use their normal shampoo and soap but were asked not to use any new products. ___9___ (see) photographs of fearful facial expressions usually generates a fear response in babies which includes a specific pattern of electrical activity in their brains. Jessen found that those who could scent their mother didn’t have this pattern, ___10___ those who sensed a stranger’s scent did. These results suggest that a baby’s experience of scent can influence fear processing in their brain. Jessen says she wants to find out whether babies have a similar response to their father’s scent or to the scent of other people who they spend time ___11___. She says research like this helps us understand how babies perceive the world and ___12___ influences their development. This understanding could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for helping babies. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. advocacy B. effectively C. endangered D. identified E. mirror F. polarizing G. promise H. promoting I. surfacing J. slightly K. income Rewriting the Relationship Between Elephant and Keeper In 2019, before Covid-19 damaged international tourism, Thailand was the eighth-most-visited country in the world, its 39.8 million international visitors generating 20% of the country’s GDP. Elephants are Thailand’s biggest attraction: The World Animal Protection Agency estimates that, before the pandemic, elephant tourism brought in a(n) ____13____ of $581-770 million USD every year. The boom of elephant tourism has been accompanied by criticism, with reports ____14____ of animal abuse and a lack of government regulation. Since the 2000s, ____15____ for better elephant welfare has been raised by animal rights groups such as Lek Chailert of Elephant Nature Park. In response to the criticism, the Thai government passed its first animal welfare act in 2014, and ____16____ ceased the illegal capture of wild elephants. Tourism companies stopped ____17____ elephant rides and shows. Instead, they began to advertise “ethical” elephant experiences and____18____ “no hook, no chain, no riding.” The debate around elephant tourism is deeply ____19____, setting elephant welfare against Thai tradition. Thai laws ____20____ this duality (双重性), governing its wild and captive (圈养的) elephants as if they were entirely different creatures. Wild elephants are treated as a(n) ____21____ species and have lived in Thailand’s national parks protected by strict conservation laws since 1921. Its captive elephants, on the other hand, are working animals, governed by the department in charge of livestock. Even though Thailand has more captive elephants than anywhere else in Asia, today, the country’s 3,837 captive elephants only _____22_____ outnumber the wild ones, caught as they are between a fading tradition and a booming industry. Ensuring elephant welfare isn’t as simple as setting all of them free. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The widespread use of noise-cancelling headphones has revolutionized how people experience sound, offering a sense of peace in an increasingly noisy world. However, concerns are ___23___ about whether prolonged use of these devices may be linked to auditory (听觉的) processing issues, particularly among young people. One such case is Sophie, a 25-year-old assistant from London, who was diagnosed with auditory processing disorder (APD) after ___24___ to comprehend sounds in everyday environments. Despite having normal hearing, she often found herself unable to ___25___ the source of a noise in crowded places. Sophie, like many young people, regularly wears noise-cancelling headphones for up to five hours a day, leading her audiologist to question whether ___26___ reliance on these devices may have contributed to her condition. APD is a neurological (神经的) disorder in which the brain finds it hard to ___27___ sound, even when hearing function is normal. It is commonly found in individuals who have suffered a brain injury, or experienced middle-ear infections as children. ___28___, a growing number of cases do not fit these traditional categories, causing audiologists to investigate whether ___29___ factors, such as noise-cancelling headphones, could be influencing auditory development. The issue is becoming more ___30___, with multiple NHS audiology departments in the UK reporting an increase in young people seeking help for hearing difficulties. Experts suggest that prolonged use of noise-cancelling headphones may create a “false auditory environment”, conditioning the brain to ___31___ background noise entirely rather than learning to manage and process it. This can make it difficult for individuals to distinguish relevant sounds in real-world ____32____, such as conversations in crowded rooms or alarms in public spaces. Claire Benton, vice-president of the British Academy of Audiology, warns that high-level listening skills continue developing into the late teens, and if young people primarily rely on noise isolation during this critical period, it could potentially ____33____ their ability to process speech and noise effectively. Despite these concerns, noise-cancelling headphones are not without ____34____. Their ability to reduce ____35____ to harmful high-frequency sounds can protect long-term hearing health, and they are particularly valuable for individuals who experience anxiety in noisy environments. However, experts recommend limiting headphone usage, combining background noise into daily life, and ____36____ auditory training exercises to strengthen the brain’s natural sound-processing abilities. While noise-cancelling headphones are not ____37____ proven to cause APD, their overuse may contribute to weakened auditory processing skills, making it harder for individuals to adapt to real-world sound environments. As technology continues to shape the way people interact with sound, striking a balance between noise control and auditory stimulation will be essential in maintaining healthy hearing and cognitive processing. 23. A. persisting B. growing C. fading D. varying 24. A. pretending B. managing C. struggling D. learning 25. A. rate B. revise C. employ D. identify 26. A. unreasonable B. uncritical C. medical D. mental 27. A. perceive B. release C. balance D. reflect 28. A. Therefore B. However C. Furthermore D. Otherwise 29. A. structural B. external C. moral D. historical 30. A. technical B. minor C. apparent D. systemic 31. A. filter out B. adapt to C. rely on D. turn into 32. A. schedules B. settings C. devices D. diagrams 33. A. postpone B. restore C. improve D. measure 34. A. options B. risks C. standards D. benefits 35. A. resistance B. reaction C. exposure D. sensitivity 36. A. calling off B. sorting out C. engaging in D. applying for 37. A. awkwardly B. hesitantly C. flexibly D. conclusively Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and was transferred to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role but soon realised that managing her new team would be a challenge. Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel respected as a leader. Her new staff would question her proposals openly in meetings, and when she announced her decisions on the project, they would continue giving their opinions as if it was still up for discussion. What Gabriela was experiencing was a cultural conflict in expectations. She was used to a more hierarchical framework where the team leader and manager took control and gave specific instructions on how things were to be done. This more directive management style worked well for her and her team in Brazil but did not transfer well to her new team in Sweden, who were more used to a flatter hierarchy where decision making was more democratic. Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede uses the concept of “power distance” to describe how power is distributed and how hierarchy is perceived in different cultures. In her previous work environment, Gabriela was used to a high power distance culture where power and authority are respected and everyone has their rightful place. In such a culture, leaders make the big decisions and are not often challenged. Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged. When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team, she took the initiative to have an open conversation with them about their feelings about her leadership. Pleased to be asked for their thoughts, Gabriela’s team openly expressed that they were not used to being told what to do. They enjoyed having more room for initiative and creative freedom. With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other’s behaviour, Gabriela and her team were able to adapt their way of working. Gabriela was then able to make adjustments to her management style so as to better fit the expectations of her team and more effectively motivate her team to achieve their goals. 38. Gabriela found it a challenge to manage her new team because her Swedish team ____________. A. preferred discussions to giving opinions B. lacked clear communication guidelines C valued cooperative decision-making D. tended to keep a leader at a distance 39. The word “hierarchical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____________. A. structured B. external C. de-centralised D. short-sighted 40. Which of the following describes behaviors typical in a low power distance culture? ①　The manager acts as a guide but encourages input from the team. ②　Team members do not usually challenge the manager. ③　The manager involves the team in making decisions together. ④　The manager has a lot of control over what happens. ⑤　Team members can take the initiative to do things their way. A. ①④⑤ B. ②③④ C. ①③⑤ D. ③④⑤ 41. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Strict hierarchies ensure successful projects globally. B. Power distance solves cultural conflicts effectively. C. Swedish teams resist leadership due to lower expectation. D. Cultural hierarchy gaps require adapting management styles. (B) Join Ad Age on May 22 in New York to explore how the vast treasure of data can be employed to drive marketing strategies, optimize media buying and improve customer engagement. As marketers try to deal with the wealth of data at their fingertips and the challenge of varied privacy protections, the conference will offer best practices for building smarter, personalized campaigns. The Ad Age Data-Driven Marketing Summit is a must-attend event for brand and agency leaders looking to better understand the opportunities data holds for performance marketing, brand building and media buying today and how to set their teams up for future success. Event details: Date: Thursday, May 22, 2025 Time: 8:30 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Location: City Winery (25 11th Avenue at West 15th Street) Tickets are transferable, but not refundable. Why you can’t miss the Ad Age Data-Driven Marketing Playbook Unlock the power of data-driven strategies Gain expert insights into using vast data resources to optimize media buying, enhance customer engagement and drive smarter, more personalized marketing campaigns. Learn best practices for navigating evolving privacy regulations while maximizing the impact of your data. ------------------------------------------------------------------- Learn from data-driven innovators and industry pioneers Join top brand and agency executives as they share real-world case studies and forward-thinking approaches to performance marketing, brand building and media investment. Walk away with actionable strategies to future-proof your marketing efforts in an increasingly data-driven world. Join us at Ad Age Data-Driven Marketing Playbook  Sponsorship opportunities available. For details and information, please contact aasales@adage.com. 42. Brand and agency leaders attend the Ad Age Data-Driven Marketing Summit partly to ____________. A create a type of brand-new marketing strategy B. increase their team’s possibility of future success C. provide customers with smarter, personalized products D. publicize a wealth of media buying data at their fingertips 43. What can we learn about the event details? A. Event-goers can get money back when returning tickets. B. Non-subscribers pay double the subscriber price for tickets. C. Agency leaders can inquire about sponsorship opportunities by phone. D. Subscribers enjoy an about 60% discount when purchasing tickets. 44. Where on the webpage can this information be located? A. Home B. Agenda C. Pricing D. Speakers (C) The term “filmmaking” arouses Hollywood charm and luxurious backdrops. But it also has an important place in anthropology (人类学), the scientific study of mankind, as one of the many tools and technologies these scientists use to understand communities, relationships, cultures and history. During the annual Mother Tongue Film Festival, anthropological filmmaking and digital storytelling take centerstage in the Festival’s exploration of the healing power of language and storytelling. Dr. Ákos Östör and Dr. Lina Fruzzetti, two filmmaker-anthropologists at Brown University, are co-creators of six of the Festival’s films. Recently, they donated nine ethnographic (人种志的) films to the National Museum of Natural History’s Human Studies Film Archives (HSFA) — a film collection within the National Anthropological Archives (NAA) that is maintained for future generations to learn more about people across the world and their global history. “This is a moving, visual record of the world and one way in which we further the preservation of the world’s diversity for communities and researchers,” said Dr. Joshua Bell, curator (馆长) of globalization, co-director of the NAA at the museum. Anthropological films will always have a home in the HSFA, because they combine research with lived experience. “There is nothing like film to convey the rich complexity of other people’s lives outside of meeting them. The medium transports people and moves them. It’s very powerful,” said Bell. Through visual ethnography, anthropologists strive to document social dynamics and traditions. But the field has slight differences. For example, filming can change how people interact with each other. It might make them hold back their words and their emotions. Over time, anthropologists have adapted to this, and have come to embrace their roles as active participants in the filmmaking. “It’s shifted from using the camera as a window into a world and instead anthropologists now use the camera as a door that people can walk through. The creating process is much more dialogical,” said Bell. But even though past films were partial “windows” into societies and were shaped by preoccupations of the filmmakers, they still hold value for anthropologists seeking to contextualize the discipline, and for communities themselves seeking to understand their history. Since the late 60s, ethnographic filmmaking has been facing its colonial origins and moving beyond it. The field now works with communities in partnerships rather than distancing them. Anthropologists like Fruzzetti and Östör recognize that cultivating long-term, trust-based relationships is crucial before any camerawork can begin. 45. Which of the following is true about the annual Mother Tongue Film Festival? A. It aims to showcase award-winning international films. B. It highlights the healing ability of storytelling and language. C It focuses on new technologies for digital storytelling. D. It promotes cooperation between filmmakers and Hollywood. 46. By comparing the camera to a “door” instead of a “window” (Para 7), Bell implied that ____________. A. filmmaking requires more active engagement with communities B. modern cameras are more portable and multifunctional for fieldwork C. anthropologists are better at capturing grand scenic landscapes D. film technology guarantees easy access to closed community 47. According to anthropologists like Fruzzetti and Östör, why is building trust-based relationships crucial before filming? A. To ensure the maintenance of friendship. B. To avoid legal conflicts over film ownership. C. To step up cooperation in the long term. D. To capture cultural practices in their true form. 48. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How film festivals explore the power of language. B. How filmmaking greatly boosts community values. C. How film helps to gain insight into the world’s diversity. D. How anthropologists use cameras to study social dynamics. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. People with a sweet tooth may also be sweeter people Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness. ____49____ These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论). ____50____ According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste. A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures. ____51____ Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.)that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy. ____52____ Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework. A. The association matches terms sometimes used to describe kind and nice people (“sweet” or “sweetie”). B. It reveals a cross-cultural evidence of sweet taste preferences. C. To answer this question, the study tested 1650 participants from four countries. D. As the findings suggested, significant connection between agreeableness and the two measures of taste preferences exists across all samples, contrasting the earlier findings. E. The central idea of it is that metaphors map abstract concepts (e. g. niceness) on more specific areas (e. g. sweet taste experiences) to aid understanding. F. The study found that agreeableness was positively related with the two different measures of sweet taste preferences in all the samples. IV. Summary Writing 53. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 70 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Dumb phones (非智能手机) are making a comeback It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. Nine in ten American adults own one, and they spend 3 hours and 45 minutes on them a day, on average. New versions updated with artificial intelligence may be even harder to put down. Yet a market is also growing for phones that are simple-designed. These dumb phones account for just 2% of phone sales in America. But demand is growing. In 2016, a Finnish firm bought the rights to relaunch the devices of Nokia, which is now selling “tens of thousands” of flip-phones (翻盖式手机) a month in America. Dumb phones today do not only copy those of the past, though. Startups offer simple-designed devices of their own. One example is the Light Phone, which is shaped like an iPod and has an e-ink screen like a Kindle. It also allows users to add optional “tools” including a podcast-player and a directions app. What explains the return of the dumb phone? One factor is anxiety over the impact of smartphones — and social-media apps in particular — on young people’s mental health. That is why Eton, a well-known British school, announced in July that it would bar its future prime ministers from bringing smartphones to school, and would provide them with Nokia phones instead. But plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. Jose Briones, who hosts a conference focused on dumb phones on Reddit, a social-media site, switched to the Light Phone after growing alarmed at his rising screen-time record. Like many new comers, he still keeps a smartphone for situations such as travelling abroad. Other smartphone addicts are instead choosing to simplify their devices, either by deleting apps or downloading ones that control screen time, of which there are a growing number. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 54. 这项发明使她获得赞誉。(enable) （汉译英） ____________________________________________ 55. 学校功课太忙，我可没有心情看这个动画片。(mood) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 56. 数字人通过与全球观众互动，在传播中国传统文化方面正发挥巨大作用。(much difference) （汉译英） ____________________________________________ 57. 尽管排了很长的队，但在这家热门咖啡馆品尝甜点是值得的，因为一块浓郁的巧克力蛋糕让人心情愉悦。(Despite) （汉译英） ____________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing 58. Directions: Write an English composition in about 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学高二学生李华，你们学校英语报开设了一个Advice Column专栏。学生George来信抱怨父母不尊重他关于社团（club）选择的决定并求助。请你通过该专栏给他写封回信： 1.提出你的建议； 2.简要说明你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年度第一学期高三英语阶段练习（202511） （完卷时间：105分钟 满分：115分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Babies are less afraid when they can scent their mothers Babies feel relieved by the presence of their mother’s scent, according to research that looked at how their brains respond to fear. The idea behind it is ___1___ a familiar scent can comfort babies. “Some doctors tell new mums to put a(n) ___2___ (wear) T-shirt in the bed with their baby,” says Sarah Jessen at the University of Lubeck in Germany. ___3___ (investigate) whether this works, Jessen presented photos of happy and fearful facial expressions to seventy six 7-month-old babies — the age by which they ___4___ (develop) their fear response. Each of the babies viewed the photos while they ___5___ (introduce) to either the familiar scent of their mother or a stranger’s scent. Jessen also measured electrical signals in the babies’ brains ___6___ (use) an EEG cap (脑电帽). Before the experiment, all the babies’ mothers were given a cotton T-shirt, ___7___ they slept in for three nights in a row. The mothers ___8___ use their normal shampoo and soap but were asked not to use any new products. ___9___ (see) photographs of fearful facial expressions usually generates a fear response in babies, which includes a specific pattern of electrical activity in their brains. Jessen found that those who could scent their mother didn’t have this pattern, ___10___ those who sensed a stranger’s scent did. These results suggest that a baby’s experience of scent can influence fear processing in their brain. Jessen says she wants to find out whether babies have a similar response to their father’s scent or to the scent of other people who they spend time ___11___. She says research like this helps us understand how babies perceive the world and ___12___ influences their development. This understanding could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for helping babies. 【答案】1. that  2. worn 3. To investigate 4. have developed 5. were introduced  6. using 7. which##that 8. could 9. Seeing 10. whereas##while 11. with 12. what 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了婴儿对母亲气味反应的研究及其发现。 【1题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这个想法背后的原因是熟悉的气味可以安慰婴儿。本空引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 【2题详解】 考查形容词。句意：德国吕贝克大学的Sarah Jessen说：“一些医生告诉新妈妈们，把一件穿过的T恤和宝宝一起放在床上。”本空修饰名词T-shirt，应用形容词，作定语。wear的形容词为worn“穿过的”。故填worn。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了调查这是否有效，Jessen向76名7个月大的婴儿展示了快乐和恐惧的面部表情的照片——到这个年龄，他们已经形成了恐惧反应。本句谓语动词是presented，空格处应填非谓语动词形式。此处作目的状语，应用investigate“调查”的不定式，句首单词首字母大写。故填To investigate。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：为了调查这是否有效，Jessen向76名7个月大的婴儿展示了快乐和恐惧的面部表情的照片——到这个年龄，他们已经形成了恐惧反应。develop“形成”。本空为by which引导的定语从句的谓语，此处表示到这个年龄为止，他们已经形成了恐惧反应，时态应用现在完成时，主语为they，助动词用have。故填have developed。 【5题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：每个婴儿在接触到母亲熟悉的气味或陌生人的气味时都会看到这些照片。本空为while引导的时间状语从句的谓语，主句中的谓语动词是viewed，时态为一般过去时，时间状语从句时态也应用一般过去时。introduce“引见，初次了解”和从句主语they之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was/were done。主语为they，be动词用were。故填were introduced。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Jessen还用脑电图帽测量了婴儿大脑中的电信号。measure为句子的谓语动词，空格处应填非谓语动词形式。use“使用”与其逻辑主语Jessen之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填using。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在实验之前，所有婴儿的母亲都得到了一件棉质T恤，她们连续三个晚上都穿着它睡觉。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为a cotton T-shirt，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作in的宾语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：母亲们可以使用她们通常使用的洗发水和肥皂，但要求她们不要使用任何新产品。本空为情态动词，后接动词原形use。此处表示“能够”，且根据but were可知，应用情态动词can的过去式could。故填could。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看到恐惧的面部表情的照片通常会在婴儿身上产生恐惧反应，这包括他们大脑中一种特定的电活动模式。本句谓语为generates，此处为非谓语动词，应用see“看见”的动名词，作主语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Seeing。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：Jessen发现，那些能闻到母亲气味的人没有这种模式，而那些能闻到陌生人气味的人却有。本空连接两个句子，前后句子之间是对比关系，应用连词whereas或while“然而”。故填whereas或while。 【11题详解】 考查介词。句意：Jessen说，她想知道婴儿对他们的父亲的气味，或者对他们花时间相处的人的气味是否有类似的反应。spend time with sb.“花时间和某人在一起”。此处表示“和”，应用介词with，符合题意。故填with。 【12题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：她说，像这样的研究有助于我们了解婴儿是如何感知世界的，以及它是如何影响他们的发展的。空格处引导宾语从句，与how babies perceive the world并列，从句作understand的宾语，从句缺少主语，且指物，用what引导。故填what。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. advocacy B. effectively C. endangered D. identified E. mirror F. polarizing G. promise H. promoting I. surfacing J. slightly K. income Rewriting the Relationship Between Elephant and Keeper In 2019, before Covid-19 damaged international tourism, Thailand was the eighth-most-visited country in the world, its 39.8 million international visitors generating 20% of the country’s GDP. Elephants are Thailand’s biggest attraction: The World Animal Protection Agency estimates that, before the pandemic, elephant tourism brought in a(n) ____13____ of $581-770 million USD every year. The boom of elephant tourism has been accompanied by criticism, with reports ____14____ of animal abuse and a lack of government regulation. Since the 2000s, ____15____ for better elephant welfare has been raised by animal rights groups such as Lek Chailert of Elephant Nature Park. In response to the criticism, the Thai government passed its first animal welfare act in 2014, and ____16____ ceased the illegal capture of wild elephants. Tourism companies stopped ____17____ elephant rides and shows. Instead, they began to advertise “ethical” elephant experiences and____18____ “no hook, no chain, no riding.” The debate around elephant tourism is deeply ____19____, setting elephant welfare against Thai tradition. Thai laws ____20____ this duality (双重性), governing its wild and captive (圈养的) elephants as if they were entirely different creatures. Wild elephants are treated as a(n) ____21____ species and have lived in Thailand’s national parks protected by strict conservation laws since 1921. Its captive elephants, on the other hand, are working animals, governed by the department in charge of livestock. Even though Thailand has more captive elephants than anywhere else in Asia, today, the country’s 3,837 captive elephants only _____22_____ outnumber the wild ones, caught as they are between a fading tradition and a booming industry. Ensuring elephant welfare isn’t as simple as setting all of them free. 【答案】13. K 14. I 15. A 16. B 17. H 18. G 19. F 20. E 21. C 22. J 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨泰国大象旅游业的矛盾：经济收益与动物福利的冲突，传统驯养与现代保护的双重性，以及政府在监管中的两难。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：大象是泰国最大的吸引力：世界动物保护机构估计，在疫情爆发前，大象旅游每年带来的收入为5.81亿至7.7亿美元。名词income“收入”符合句意，句中a(n) income of…“……的收入”作宾语。故选K。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：伴随大象旅游的繁荣而来的是批评，有虐待动物和缺乏政府监管的报道浮出水面。此处考查with复合结构，动词surface与宾语reports之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故选I。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：自2000年代以来，大象自然公园的Lek Chailert等动物权利组织提出了改善大象福利的倡议。名词advocacy“倡议”符合句意，句中advocacy for better elephant welfare“改善大象福利的倡议”作主语。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：作为对批评的回应，泰国政府于2014年通过了第一部动物福利法，有效地停止了非法捕获野生大象的行为。副词effectively“有效地”符合句意，修饰动词ceased。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查动名词。句意：旅游公司停止宣传骑象和大象表演。动名词promoting“宣传，推广”符合句意，stopped后接动名词promoting作宾语。故选H。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，他们开始宣传“道德”的大象体验，并承诺“没有钩子，没有链条，没有骑乘”。动词promise“承诺”符合题意，与前文动词advertise并列，与前文to构成动词不定式，作宾语。故选G。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：围绕大象旅游的辩论两极分化严重，将大象福利与泰国传统对立起来。形容词polarizing“两极分化的”符合题意，作表语，与后文“set…against…”对应。故选F。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：泰国的法律反映了这种二元性，把野生大象和圈养大象当作完全不同的生物来管理。mirror“反映，表现”符合题意，作谓语。故选E。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：野生大象被视为濒危物种，自1921年以来一直生活在泰国国家公园，受到严格的保护法律的保护。形容词endangered“濒危的”符合句意，在句中作定语修饰名词species。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：尽管泰国的圈养大象比亚洲其他任何地方都多，但如今，该国3837头圈养大象的数量仅略高于野生大象的数量，因为它们正处于衰落的传统和蓬勃发展的产业之间。副词slightly“稍微，略有”符合句意，修饰动词outnumber。故选J。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The widespread use of noise-cancelling headphones has revolutionized how people experience sound, offering a sense of peace in an increasingly noisy world. However, concerns are ___23___ about whether prolonged use of these devices may be linked to auditory (听觉的) processing issues, particularly among young people. One such case is Sophie, a 25-year-old assistant from London, who was diagnosed with auditory processing disorder (APD) after ___24___ to comprehend sounds in everyday environments. Despite having normal hearing, she often found herself unable to ___25___ the source of a noise in crowded places. Sophie, like many young people, regularly wears noise-cancelling headphones for up to five hours a day, leading her audiologist to question whether ___26___ reliance on these devices may have contributed to her condition. APD is a neurological (神经的) disorder in which the brain finds it hard to ___27___ sound, even when hearing function is normal. It is commonly found in individuals who have suffered a brain injury, or experienced middle-ear infections as children. ___28___, a growing number of cases do not fit these traditional categories, causing audiologists to investigate whether ___29___ factors, such as noise-cancelling headphones, could be influencing auditory development. The issue is becoming more ___30___, with multiple NHS audiology departments in the UK reporting an increase in young people seeking help for hearing difficulties. Experts suggest that prolonged use of noise-cancelling headphones may create a “false auditory environment”, conditioning the brain to ___31___ background noise entirely rather than learning to manage and process it. This can make it difficult for individuals to distinguish relevant sounds in real-world ____32____, such as conversations in crowded rooms or alarms in public spaces. Claire Benton, vice-president of the British Academy of Audiology, warns that high-level listening skills continue developing into the late teens, and if young people primarily rely on noise isolation during this critical period, it could potentially ____33____ their ability to process speech and noise effectively. Despite these concerns, noise-cancelling headphones are not without ____34____. Their ability to reduce ____35____ to harmful high-frequency sounds can protect long-term hearing health, and they are particularly valuable for individuals who experience anxiety in noisy environments. However, experts recommend limiting headphone usage, combining background noise into daily life, and ____36____ auditory training exercises to strengthen the brain’s natural sound-processing abilities. While noise-cancelling headphones are not ____37____ proven to cause APD, their overuse may contribute to weakened auditory processing skills, making it harder for individuals to adapt to real-world sound environments. As technology continues to shape the way people interact with sound, striking a balance between noise control and auditory stimulation will be essential in maintaining healthy hearing and cognitive processing. 23. A. persisting B. growing C. fading D. varying 24. A. pretending B. managing C. struggling D. learning 25. A. rate B. revise C. employ D. identify 26. A. unreasonable B. uncritical C. medical D. mental 27. A. perceive B. release C. balance D. reflect 28. A. Therefore B. However C. Furthermore D. Otherwise 29. A. structural B. external C. moral D. historical 30. A. technical B. minor C. apparent D. systemic 31. A. filter out B. adapt to C. rely on D. turn into 32. A. schedules B. settings C. devices D. diagrams 33. A. postpone B. restore C. improve D. measure 34. A. options B. risks C. standards D. benefits 35. A. resistance B. reaction C. exposure D. sensitivity 36. A. calling off B. sorting out C. engaging in D. applying for 37. A. awkwardly B. hesitantly C. flexibly D. conclusively 【答案】23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. C 37. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了降噪耳机的广泛使用可能对听觉处理能力带来的影响，尤其是对年轻人，同时也提及了其积极作用及使用建议。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，关于长期使用这些设备是否可能与听觉处理问题相关的担忧正在加剧，尤其是在年轻人中。A. persisting持续；B. growing加剧、增多；C. fading消退；D. varying变化。根据后文“with multiple NHS audiology departments in the UK reporting an increase in young people seeking help for hearing difficulties.”可知，英国国家医疗服务体系报告年轻人听力问题求助增多的内容，所以相关担忧在不断加剧。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：25岁伦敦助理索菲就是这样一个案例，她在日常环境中难以听清声音后，被诊断出患有听觉处理障碍。A. pretending假装；B. managing设法做到；C. struggling艰难地做、努力应对；D. learning学习。根据前文“was diagnosed with auditory processing disorder”可知，她存在听觉处理的困难，“struggle to do”表“费力做某事”。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管听力正常，但她经常在拥挤地方无法识别噪音的来源。A. rate评估；B. revise修改；C. employ雇佣；D. identify识别、确认。根据后文“the source of a noise in crowded places”可知，听觉处理障碍让她难以判断噪音来自哪里，即无法识别噪音来源。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：和许多年轻人一样，索菲每天佩戴降噪耳机的时间长达5小时，这让听力学家怀疑，对这类设备的过度依赖是否是导致她患病的原因之一。A. unreasonable过度的、不合理的；B. uncritical不加批判的；C. medical医疗的；D. mental精神的。根据前文“Sophie, like many young people, regularly wears noise-cancelling headphones for up to five hours a day”可知，每天佩戴五小时属于长时间、过度使用，这可能是导致听觉问题的原因之一。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：听觉处理障碍是一种神经系统疾病，即使听力功能正常，大脑也难以感知声音。A. perceive感知、察觉；B. release释放；C. balance平衡；D. reflect反映。结合前文“was diagnosed with auditory processing disorder (APD) after ____ to comprehend sounds”及“unable to ____ the source of a noise in crowded places”可知，索菲难以听清声音、无法识别噪音来源，听觉处理障碍的核心是大脑无法正常感知声音。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，越来越多的病例不符合这些传统类别，这让听力学家开始调查诸如降噪耳机等外部因素是否会影响听觉发育。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Furthermore此外；D. Otherwise否则。前文提到听觉处理障碍的传统诱因，后文说新病例不符合这些类别，前后为转折关系。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，越来越多的病例不符合这些传统类别，这让听力学家开始调查诸如降噪耳机等外部因素是否会影响听觉发育。A. structural结构的；B. external外部的；C. moral道德的；D. historical历史的。根据常识以及后文“noise-cancelling headphones”可知，降噪耳机是人体外部的物品，属于影响听觉发育的外部因素。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个问题变得越来越明显，英国多个国家医疗服务体系听力部门报告称，寻求听力困难帮助的年轻人数量有所增加。A. technical技术的；B. minor次要的；C. apparent明显的；D. systemic系统性的。根据后文“increase in young people seeking help”可知，问题逐渐显现，变得更加明显。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：专家表示，长期使用降噪耳机可能会创造一个“虚假的听觉环境”，让大脑完全过滤掉背景噪音，而不是学会管理和处理它。A. filter out过滤掉；B. adapt to适应；C. rely on依赖；D. turn into变成。根据后文“background noise entirely rather than learning to manage and process it”可知，降噪耳机的核心功能是降低或消除背景噪音，即过滤掉背景噪音。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这会让人们在现实环境中难以区分相关声音，比如在拥挤的房间里交谈或在公共场所听到警报声。A. schedules日程；B. settings环境、场景；C. devices设备；D. diagrams图表。后文“crowded rooms”以及“public spaces”都属于现实生活中的具体场景或环境。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：英国听力学学会副主席克莱尔·本顿警告说，高水平的听力技能会一直发展到青少年晚期，如果年轻人在这个关键时期主要依赖隔音设备，可能会推迟他们有效处理语言和噪音的能力。A. postpone推迟、延缓；B. restore恢复；C. improve改善；D. measure测量。根据前文“if young people primarily rely on noise isolation during this critical period”可知，关键时期缺乏正常的听觉刺激，会影响听力技能的发展进程，即延缓相关能力的形成。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在这些担忧，降噪耳机并非没有好处。A. options选择；B. risks风险；C. standards标准；D. benefits好处。根据后文“Their ability to reduce ____ to harmful high-frequency sounds can protect long-term hearing health, and they are particularly valuable for individuals who experience anxiety in noisy environments.”可知，降噪耳机能保护听力、帮助焦虑人群，这些都是其积极作用，即好处。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们能够减少接触有害的高频声音，从而保护长期听力健康，对在嘈杂环境中感到焦虑的人来说尤其有价值。A. resistance抵抗；B. reaction反应；C. exposure接触；D. sensitivity敏感度。根据后文“to harmful high-frequency sounds”可知，减少对有害噪音的“接触”或“暴露”是保护听力的方式。“exposure to”为固定搭配，意为“接触……”。故选C项。 【36题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，专家建议限制耳机使用时间，将背景噪音融入日常生活，并参与听觉训练，以增强大脑自然的声音处理能力。A. calling off取消；B. sorting out整理；C. engaging in参与；D. applying for申请。根据后文“auditory training exercises”可知，要增强声音处理能力，需要主动参与听觉训练。故选C项。 【37题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然降噪耳机尚未被确凿证明会导致听觉处理障碍，但过度使用可能会导致听觉处理能力下降，使人们更难适应现实世界的声音环境。A. awkwardly笨拙地；B. hesitantly犹豫地；C. flexibly灵活地；D. conclusively确凿地、确定地。结合语境以及后文“proven to cause APD,”可知，目前没有明确、确凿的证据证明降噪耳机与听觉处理障碍之间的因果关系。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and was transferred to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role but soon realised that managing her new team would be a challenge. Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel respected as a leader. Her new staff would question her proposals openly in meetings, and when she announced her decisions on the project, they would continue giving their opinions as if it was still up for discussion. What Gabriela was experiencing was a cultural conflict in expectations. She was used to a more hierarchical framework where the team leader and manager took control and gave specific instructions on how things were to be done. This more directive management style worked well for her and her team in Brazil but did not transfer well to her new team in Sweden, who were more used to a flatter hierarchy where decision making was more democratic. Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede uses the concept of “power distance” to describe how power is distributed and how hierarchy is perceived in different cultures. In her previous work environment, Gabriela was used to a high power distance culture where power and authority are respected and everyone has their rightful place. In such a culture, leaders make the big decisions and are not often challenged. Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged. When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team, she took the initiative to have an open conversation with them about their feelings about her leadership. Pleased to be asked for their thoughts, Gabriela’s team openly expressed that they were not used to being told what to do. They enjoyed having more room for initiative and creative freedom. With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other’s behaviour, Gabriela and her team were able to adapt their way of working. Gabriela was then able to make adjustments to her management style so as to better fit the expectations of her team and more effectively motivate her team to achieve their goals. 38. Gabriela found it a challenge to manage her new team because her Swedish team ____________. A. preferred discussions to giving opinions B. lacked clear communication guidelines C. valued cooperative decision-making D. tended to keep a leader at a distance 39. The word “hierarchical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____________. A structured B. external C. de-centralised D. short-sighted 40. Which of the following describes behaviors typical in a low power distance culture? ①　The manager acts as a guide but encourages input from the team. ②　Team members do not usually challenge the manager. ③　The manager involves the team in making decisions together. ④　The manager has a lot of control over what happens. ⑤　Team members can take the initiative to do things their way. A. ①④⑤ B. ②③④ C. ①③⑤ D. ③④⑤ 41. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Strict hierarchies ensure successful projects globally. B. Power distance solves cultural conflicts effectively. C. Swedish teams resist leadership due to lower expectation. D. Cultural hierarchy gaps require adapting management styles. 【答案】38. C 39. A 40. C 41. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Gabriela从巴西调至瑞典管理团队时遭遇文化冲突。她习惯的高权力距离文化下的管理方式，在瑞典低权力距离文化的团队中行不通。后来她意识到文化差异，通过沟通，调整管理风格以适应团队，从而更好地激励团队达成目标。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“her new team in Sweden, who were more used to a flatter hierarchy where decision making was more democratic(她在瑞典的新团队更习惯扁平化的等级制度，在这种制度下决策更加民主)”以及第四段“Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions.(然而，她的瑞典团队习惯在低权力距离文化中工作，在这种文化中，下属经常与老板一起寻找解决方案并做出决策)” 可知，Gabriela发现管理新团队有挑战是因为瑞典团队重视合作决策。故选C。 【39题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段 “She was used to a more hierarchical framework where the team leader and manager took control and gave specific instructions on how things were to be done.(她习惯了一种更…… 的框架，在这个框架中，团队领导和经理掌控局面，并就如何做事给出具体指示)” 可知，在这个框架中，团队领导和经理掌控局面，并就如何做事给出具体指示，所以“hierarchical”描述的是一种有层级、结构化的框架。故选A。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段 “Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged.(然而，她的瑞典团队习惯在低权力距离文化中工作，在这种文化中，下属经常与老板一起寻找解决方案并做出决策。在这里，领导者扮演教练或导师的角色，鼓励独立思考并期待被挑战)” 以及第五段 “They enjoyed having more room for initiative and creative freedom.(他们喜欢有更多的主动性和创作自由空间)” 可知，在低权力距离文化中，经理充当引导者并鼓励团队成员参与决策（①），经理会让团队参与共同做决策（③），团队成员能主动按自己的方式做事（⑤）。选项②“团队成员通常不挑战经理”，这是高权力距离文化的特点；选项④“经理对所发生的事情有很大控制权”，不符合低权力距离文化中团队共同决策的特点。所以①③⑤正确，故选C。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。文章讲述了Gabriela从巴西调至瑞典管理团队时遭遇文化冲突。她习惯的高权力距离文化下的管理方式，在瑞典低权力距离文化的团队中行不通。后来她意识到文化差异，通过沟通，调整管理风格以适应团队，从而更好地激励团队达成目标。选项D“文化等级差距需要调整管理风格”符合文章主旨，故选D。 (B) Join Ad Age on May 22 in New York to explore how the vast treasure of data can be employed to drive marketing strategies, optimize media buying and improve customer engagement. As marketers try to deal with the wealth of data at their fingertips and the challenge of varied privacy protections, the conference will offer best practices for building smarter, personalized campaigns. The Ad Age Data-Driven Marketing Summit is a must-attend event for brand and agency leaders looking to better understand the opportunities data holds for performance marketing, brand building and media buying today and how to set their teams up for future success. Event details: Date: Thursday, May 22, 2025 Time: 8:30 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Location: City Winery (25 11th Avenue at West 15th Street) Tickets are transferable, but not refundable. Why you can’t miss the Ad Age Data-Driven Marketing Playbook Unlock the power of data-driven strategies Gain expert insights into using vast data resources to optimize media buying, enhance customer engagement and drive smarter, more personalized marketing campaigns. Learn best practices for navigating evolving privacy regulations while maximizing the impact of your data. ------------------------------------------------------------------- Learn from data-driven innovators and industry pioneers Join top brand and agency executives as they share real-world case studies and forward-thinking approaches to performance marketing, brand building and media investment. Walk away with actionable strategies to future-proof your marketing efforts in an increasingly data-driven world. Join us at Ad Age Data-Driven Marketing Playbook  Sponsorship opportunities available. For details and information, please contact aasales@adage.com. 42. Brand and agency leaders attend the Ad Age Data-Driven Marketing Summit partly to ____________. A. create a type of brand-new marketing strategy B. increase their team’s possibility of future success C. provide customers with smarter, personalized products D. publicize a wealth of media buying data at their fingertips 43. What can we learn about the event details? A. Event-goers can get money back when returning tickets. B. Non-subscribers pay double the subscriber price for tickets. C. Agency leaders can inquire about sponsorship opportunities by phone. D. Subscribers enjoy an about 60% discount when purchasing tickets. 44. Where on the webpage can this information be located? A. Home B. Agenda C. Pricing D. Speakers 【答案】42. B 43. D 44. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了Ad Age数据驱动营销峰会的相关信息，包括会议的目的、时间、地点、票务政策以及参会收获等。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Ad Age Data-Driven Marketing Summit is a must-attend event for brand and agency leaders looking to better understand the opportunities data holds for performance marketing, brand building and media buying today and how to set their teams up for future success.”(对于希望更好地了解数据为当下效果营销、品牌建设和媒体购买带来的机会，以及如何为团队未来的成功做好准备的品牌和代理机构领导者来说，Ad Age数据驱动营销峰会是一场必须参加的活动。)可知，品牌和代理机构领导者参加峰会的部分原因是增加团队未来成功的可能性。故选B项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据TICKETS部分的“Tickets are transferable, but not refundable. (门票可转让，但不可退款。)”可知A选项“参会者退票时可以拿回钱”错误；根据图片中非订阅者和订阅者的票价对比可知， B选项“非订阅者购票价格是订阅者的两倍”错误；根据“For details and information, please contact aasales@adage.com. (有关详细信息，请联系aasales@adage.com。)”可知是通过邮件而非电话咨询，C选项“代理机构领导者可以通过电话询问赞助机会”错误；结合图片中的票务可知，订阅者原价699美元，现在可以299订购，由此可推断，订阅者可能享受约60%的购票折扣，D选项“订阅者购票时享受约60%的折扣”符合题意。故选D项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了峰会的基本信息、参会价值及报名方式，属于对活动的整体介绍，选项“主页”通常用于呈现活动的核心信息和概览，符合本文定位。故选A项。 (C) The term “filmmaking” arouses Hollywood charm and luxurious backdrops. But it also has an important place in anthropology (人类学), the scientific study of mankind, as one of the many tools and technologies these scientists use to understand communities, relationships, cultures and history. During the annual Mother Tongue Film Festival, anthropological filmmaking and digital storytelling take centerstage in the Festival’s exploration of the healing power of language and storytelling. Dr. Ákos Östör and Dr. Lina Fruzzetti, two filmmaker-anthropologists at Brown University, are co-creators of six of the Festival’s films. Recently, they donated nine ethnographic (人种志的) films to the National Museum of Natural History’s Human Studies Film Archives (HSFA) — a film collection within the National Anthropological Archives (NAA) that is maintained for future generations to learn more about people across the world and their global history. “This is a moving, visual record of the world and one way in which we further the preservation of the world’s diversity for communities and researchers,” said Dr. Joshua Bell, curator (馆长) of globalization, co-director of the NAA at the museum. Anthropological films will always have a home in the HSFA, because they combine research with lived experience. “There is nothing like film to convey the rich complexity of other people’s lives outside of meeting them. The medium transports people and moves them. It’s very powerful,” said Bell. Through visual ethnography, anthropologists strive to document social dynamics and traditions. But the field has slight differences. For example, filming can change how people interact with each other. It might make them hold back their words and their emotions. Over time, anthropologists have adapted to this, and have come to embrace their roles as active participants in the filmmaking. “It’s shifted from using the camera as a window into a world and instead anthropologists now use the camera as a door that people can walk through. The creating process is much more dialogical,” said Bell. But even though past films were partial “windows” into societies and were shaped by preoccupations of the filmmakers, they still hold value for anthropologists seeking to contextualize the discipline, and for communities themselves seeking to understand their history. Since the late 60s, ethnographic filmmaking has been facing its colonial origins and moving beyond it. The field now works with communities in partnerships rather than distancing them. Anthropologists like Fruzzetti and Östör recognize that cultivating long-term, trust-based relationships is crucial before any camerawork can begin. 45. Which of the following is true about the annual Mother Tongue Film Festival? A. It aims to showcase award-winning international films. B. It highlights the healing ability of storytelling and language. C. It focuses on new technologies for digital storytelling. D. It promotes cooperation between filmmakers and Hollywood. 46. By comparing the camera to a “door” instead of a “window” (Para 7), Bell implied that ____________. A. filmmaking requires more active engagement with communities B. modern cameras are more portable and multifunctional for fieldwork C. anthropologists are better at capturing grand scenic landscapes D. film technology guarantees easy access to closed community 47. According to anthropologists like Fruzzetti and Östör, why is building trust-based relationships crucial before filming? A. To ensure the maintenance of friendship. B. To avoid legal conflicts over film ownership. C. To step up cooperation in the long term. D. To capture cultural practices in their true form. 48. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How film festivals explore the power of language. B. How filmmaking greatly boosts community values. C. How film helps to gain insight into the world’s diversity. D. How anthropologists use cameras to study social dynamics. 【答案】45. B 46. A 47. D 48. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类学电影制作在记录世界多样性、探索人类社会文化中的作用，以及人类学家通过电影媒介与社区互动的演变过程。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“During the annual Mother Tongue Film Festival, anthropological filmmaking and digital storytelling take centerstage in the Festival’s exploration of the healing power of language and storytelling.”(在一年一度的母语电影节期间，人类学电影制作和数字叙事成为电影节探索语言和叙事治愈力量的核心。)可知，该电影节强调语言和叙事的治愈能力。故选B项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第七段““It’s shifted from using the camera as a window into a world and instead anthropologists now use the camera as a door that people can walk through. The creating process is much more dialogical,” said Bell. (贝尔说：“它已经从把相机当作一扇观察世界的窗户，转变为人类学家现在把相机当作一扇人们可以走进的门。创作过程更具对话性。”)”可知，“窗户”象征被动观察，而“门”象征主动参与和互动，结合第六段中的“Over time, anthropologists have adapted to this, and have come to embrace their roles as active participants in the filmmaking. (随着时间的推移，人类学家已经适应了这一点，并开始接受自己作为电影制作中积极参与者的角色。)”可推断，贝尔的比喻强调电影制作需要与社区更积极的互动。故选A项。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Anthropologists like Fruzzetti and Östör recognize that cultivating long-term, trust-based relationships is crucial before any camerawork can begin. (像弗鲁泽蒂和奥斯特这样的人类学家认识到，在任何拍摄工作开始之前，培养基于信任的长期关系至关重要。)”以及第六段中的“For example, filming can change how people interact with each other. It might make them hold back their words and their emotions. (例如，拍摄可能会改变人们之间的互动方式，可能会让他们抑制自己的话语和情绪。)”可知，建立信任关系是为了让拍摄对象在镜头前展现真实的文化实践，避免因不信任而隐瞒或改变行为。故选D项。 【48题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The term “filmmaking” arouses Hollywood charm and luxurious backdrops. But it also has an important place in anthropology (人类学), the scientific study of mankind, as one of the many tools and technologies these scientists use to understand communities, relationships, cultures and history.(“Filmmaking”（电影制作）一词让人联想到好莱坞的魅力和奢华的布景。然而，在人类学——即对人类进行科学研究的学科——中，它也占据着重要地位，作为科学家们用来了解群体、人际关系、文化和历史的众多工具与技术之一。)”可知，文章指出电影制作在人类学中用于理解社区、文化和历史，中间段落围绕人类学电影如何记录世界多样性、人类学家与社区的互动演变展开，末段强调通过信任关系实现真实记录，所以，C选项“电影如何帮助洞察世界的多样性”概括了人类学电影通过记录和互动展现文化多样性的主旨，符合题意。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. People with a sweet tooth may also be sweeter people Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness. ____49____ These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论). ____50____ According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知的) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste. A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures. ____51____ Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.)that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy. ____52____ Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework. A. The association matches terms sometimes used to describe kind and nice people (“sweet” or “sweetie”). B. It reveals a cross-cultural evidence of sweet taste preferences. C. To answer this question, the study tested 1650 participants from four countries. D. As the findings suggested, significant connection between agreeableness and the two measures of taste preferences exists across all samples, contrasting the earlier findings. E. The central idea of it is that metaphors map abstract concepts (e. g. niceness) on more specific areas (e. g. sweet taste experiences) to aid understanding. F. The study found that agreeableness was positively related with the two different measures of sweet taste preferences in all the samples. 【答案】49. A 50. E 51. C 52. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了喜欢甜食的人也可能是更和善的人，并通过概念隐喻理论进行解释，最后通过实验验证这一结论。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness.(研究表明，对甜食的偏好与随和有关)”以及后文“These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论).(这些联系可以基于概念隐喻理论来解释)”可知，此处应是在说明这种联系是什么，故A选项“这种关联与有时用来描述善良和善良的人的词语（“sweet”或“sweetie”）相吻合”符合语境，故选A。 【50题详解】 根后文“According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste.(根据这一理论，隐喻映射是一种认知关联，通常是通过经验习得的，它最终允许人们用更容易察觉的术语来思考抽象概念，比如味道)”可知，空处提到了一种理论，故E选项“其核心思想是，隐喻将抽象概念（如善意）映射到更具体的领域（如甜味体验），以帮助理解”符合语境，故选E。 【51题详解】 根据上文“A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures.(本周发表的一篇新期刊文章旨在研究甜味偏好和亲和性之间的联系是否在不同文化中都存在)”以及后文“Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.) that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy.(参与者完成了一份包含10个项目的宜人性量表，该量表要求他们用1（非常不准确）到5（非常准确）的量表来衡量某些陈述在多大程度上描述了他们，例如“同情他人的感受”、“为他人抽出时间”、“有一颗柔软的心”。参与者还完成了一份甜味偏好量表，其中有10种物品（如糖果、巧克力蛋糕、蜂蜜等），他们用1（非常不喜欢）到6（非常喜欢）的等级给它们打分。此外，参与者还对五种口味的喜好程度进行了打分：甜、酸、咸、苦和辣)”可知，上文提到“甜味偏好和亲和性之间的联系是否在不同文化中都存在”，下文提到了结果，故此处应是在说为了研究这个问题，研究人员做了什么，故C选项“为了回答这个问题，这项研究测试了来自四个国家的1650名参与者”符合语境，故选C。 【52题详解】 根据后文“Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework.(特别是，喜欢甜食的人更有可能“同情别人的感受”，“为别人抽出时间”，“有一颗柔软的心”，等等。因此，该研究的结果表明，不同文化的人都使用甜味体验来理解或概念化符合理论框架的美好)”可知，后文提到喜欢甜食的人更有可能“同情别人的感受”，“为别人抽出时间”，“有一颗柔软的心”，说明喜欢甜食的人更有可能更有亲和性。故F选项“研究发现，在所有样本中，亲和性与两种不同的甜味偏好呈正相关”符合语境，故选F。 IV. Summary Writing 53. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 70 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Dumb phones (非智能手机) are making a comeback It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. Nine in ten American adults own one, and they spend 3 hours and 45 minutes on them a day, on average. New versions updated with artificial intelligence may be even harder to put down. Yet a market is also growing for phones that are simple-designed. These dumb phones account for just 2% of phone sales in America. But demand is growing. In 2016, a Finnish firm bought the rights to relaunch the devices of Nokia, which is now selling “tens of thousands” of flip-phones (翻盖式手机) a month in America. Dumb phones today do not only copy those of the past, though. Startups offer simple-designed devices of their own. One example is the Light Phone, which is shaped like an iPod and has an e-ink screen like a Kindle. It also allows users to add optional “tools” including a podcast-player and a directions app. What explains the return of the dumb phone? One factor is anxiety over the impact of smartphones — and social-media apps in particular — on young people’s mental health. That is why Eton, a well-known British school, announced in July that it would bar its future prime ministers from bringing smartphones to school, and would provide them with Nokia phones instead. But plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. Jose Briones, who hosts a conference focused on dumb phones on Reddit, a social-media site, switched to the Light Phone after growing alarmed at his rising screen-time record. Like many new comers, he still keeps a smartphone for situations such as travelling abroad. Other smartphone addicts are instead choosing to simplify their devices, either by deleting apps or downloading ones that control screen time, of which there are a growing number. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Non-smart phones are regaining popularity. Although smart phones are prevalent, the demand for non-smart phones is growing, with both re-launched old models and new designs. One factor is anxiety about smart phone impacts on young people’s mental health. The other factor is that plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。非智能手机正重新流行。尽管智能手机普及，但非智能手机需求在增长，不仅有复刻款，还有新创品牌。其回归原因包括对智能手机危害的担忧，以及年轻人和成年人都有选择非智能手机的情况。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Dumb phones (非智能手机) are making a comeback ②It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days.  ③But demand is growing. ④Dumb phones today do not only copy those of the past, though. Startups offer simple-designed devices of their own.  ⑤One factor is anxiety over the impact of smartphones — and social-media apps in particular — on young people’s mental health.  ⑥But plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will.  2.缜密构思将第2、3、4三个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行重写。 3.遣词造句 Dumb phones are making a comeback Despite prevalence of smart phones, the demand for non-smart phones is growing, with both re-launched old models and new designs. One factor is anxiety about smart phone influences on young people’s mental health.  The other reason is that many grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Although smart phones are prevalent, the demand for non-smart phones is growing, with both re-launched old models and new designs.(运用although引导的让步状语从句对第一段和第二段进行总结，表达高级) [高分句型2] The other factor is that plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will.(用that引导的表语从句对最后一段进行概括，表达高级) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 54. 这项发明使她获得赞誉。(enable) （汉译英） ____________________________________________ 【答案】The invention enabled her to gain praise/reputation. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。固定搭配enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，本句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，enable的过去式为enabled 。“获得赞誉”可表达为gain praise/reputation。故译为The invention enabled her to gain praise/reputation. 55. 学校功课太忙，我可没有心情看这个动画片。(mood) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I’m too busy with schoolwork and I’m not in the mood to watch this cartoon. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、不定式。表示“我”用I，作主语。表示“太忙了”用be too busy with，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为I，be动词用am。表示“学校作业”用schoolwork，作with的宾语。用and连接两个句子。and后的句子中：表示“我”用I，作主语；表示“有心情做某事”用be in the mood to do sth.，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为I，be动词用am，本句用am not in the mood to；表示“看这个动画片”用watch this cartoon，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。故翻译为I’m too busy with schoolwork and I’m not in the mood to watch this cartoon. 56. 数字人通过与全球观众互动，在传播中国传统文化方面正发挥巨大作用。(much difference) （汉译英） ____________________________________________ 【答案】Digital humans are making much difference in spreading traditional Chinese culture by engaging/interacting/communicating with global audiences. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态以及固定短语。“发挥巨大作用”用make much difference，句子描述现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时“be +现在分词”，主语Digital humans（数字人）是复数，be动词用are 。“传播中国传统文化”表达为spread traditional Chinese culture，by表示方式，意为“通过”，“与……互动”可表达为engage/interact/communicate with ，后接global audiences（全球观众）作宾语 。故译为Digital humans are making much difference in spreading traditional Chinese culture by engaging/interacting/communicating with global audiences. 57. 尽管排了很长的队，但在这家热门咖啡馆品尝甜点是值得的，因为一块浓郁的巧克力蛋糕让人心情愉悦。(Despite) （汉译英） ____________________________________________ 【答案】Despite the long queue, sampling/tasting/having dessert at this popular café/coffee shop was worthwhile, as a rich chocolate cake lifted/lifts people’s mood. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词、时态、状语从句和非谓语动词。句子为主从复合句，“尽管排了很长的队”中“尽管”用介词Despite，其后接名词短语“长长的队伍”，译为the long queue；“在这家热门咖啡馆品尝甜点是值得的”中“品尝甜点”可处理为动名词短语作主语，“品尝”可用sample/taste/have，“甜点”dessert，“在这家热门咖啡馆”at this popular café/coffee shop，“是值得的”用be worthwhile，根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语为动名词短语，be动词用was；“因为一块浓郁的巧克力蛋糕让人心情愉悦”为原因状语从句，可用as“因为”引导，“一块浓郁的巧克力蛋糕”a rich chocolate cake，“让人心情愉悦”lift people’s mood，此处既可用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情，lift用过去式形式lifted，也可用一般现在时，表示客观事实，主语为单数，lift用单数。故翻译为Despite the long queue, sampling/tasting/having dessert at this popular café/coffee shop was worthwhile, as a rich chocolate cake lifted/lifts people’s mood. VI. Guided Writing 58. Directions: Write an English composition in about 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学高二学生李华，你们学校英语报开设了一个Advice Column专栏。学生George来信抱怨父母不尊重他关于社团（club）选择的决定并求助。请你通过该专栏给他写封回信： 1.提出你的建议； 2.简要说明你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear George, I’m sorry to hear that your parents don’t respect your decision on club selection My advice is to have an open and sincere conversation with them. Explain to them the reasons behind your choice, like how the club can help you develop certain skills or pursue your interests. Parents often worry about our future, and by sharing your thoughts, they may understand you better. Also, listen to their concerns. Maybe they are worried that club activities will affect your studies. By addressing their worries, you can reach a better understanding. Remember, a good relationship is based on mutual understanding, which can be achieved through effective communication. I hope things will work out for you soon. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份，通过校英语报的Advice Column专栏，给选择社团时和父母发生矛盾的George回信，应首先就他的问题给出建议，并解释该做法的理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 追求：pursue→go after, chase 影响：affect→influence, impact 处理：address→tackle, cope with 实现：achieve→realize, accomplish 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：My advice is to have an open and sincere conversation with them. 拓展句：I suggest that you (should) have an open and sincere conversation with them. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Explain to them the reasons behind your choice, like how the club can help you develop certain skills or pursue your interests. (运用了how引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Remember, a good relationship is based on mutual understanding, which can be achieved through effective communication. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $