内容正文:
编写说明:2025-2026学年高二上学期《英语期末考点大串讲》以考试范围内教材单元内容为基准,精准覆盖核心考点,并紧密贴合职教高考题型,包含配套的单元复习课件、讲义与模拟卷,旨在为学生提供全方位、高效的期末复习解决方案。
2025-2026学年高二上学期《英语期末考点大串讲》
《英语 基础模块2》(语文版2022版)
Unit 2 Growing Up Healthy 复习讲义
目录
明·期末考情
记·必考知识 + 练·10分钟
1.单元重点词汇
2.单元重点短语和句式句型
3.单元重点语法
4.单元话题主题
破·提高题型
Unit2重点词汇、短语、句式句型、主题话题和语法项目
单元
核心考点
具体内容
复习目标
考情规律与备考建议
Unit2 Growing Up Healthy
重点词汇
1. 基础词汇:healthy (adj. 健康的)、lifestyle (n. 生活方式)、habit (n. 习惯)、exercise (v./n. 锻炼)、diet (n. 饮食)、sleep (v./n. 睡眠)、ill (adj. 生病的)、doctor (n. 医生)、clinic (n. 诊所)、medicine (n. 药)
2. 核心词汇:healthy (adj. 健康的):
- 词义辨析:healthy(侧重“无疾病的”,如 healthy body)与 fit(侧重“体型匀称的”,如 keep fit)
- 词性转换:health n. 健康 → healthy adj. 健康的 → healthily adv. 健康地
1. 认读、拼写词汇,掌握搭配(如 keep healthy 保持健康、have a balanced diet 均衡饮食)
2. 完成 healthy 等核心词汇的辨析与转换
3. 运用词汇描述健康生活、身体状况
1. 考情规律:词汇在选择题、填空题、翻译题考查
2. 备考建议:结合“健康生活”主题记忆,通过描述习惯巩固
重点短语
1. keep healthy 保持健康
2. have a balanced diet 均衡饮食
3. do exercise 做锻炼
4. get enough sleep 充足睡眠
5. take medicine 吃药
6. have a fever 发烧
7. see a doctor 看医生
8. be stressed out 焦虑不安
1. 记忆短语含义及用法(如 take medicine three times a day 一天吃三次药)
2. 运用短语描述健康习惯、身体不适应对措施
1. 考情规律:短语多在完形填空、翻译题考查
2. 备考建议:整理健康场景例句,通过角色扮演(医生与病人)巩固
重点句式句型
1. It is important to have a healthy lifestyle.(it 作形式主语)
2. You should eat more vegetables and less fried food.(should 表建议,more...less... 表比较)
3. If you don't get enough sleep, you will feel tired.(if 条件句,“主将从现”)
4. What should I do if I have a toothache?(what 疑问句,询问应对措施)
1. 理解 it 作形式主语、should 建议、if 条件句用法
2. 运用句型描述健康建议、身体不适应对
3. 写作中运用 if 句给出建议
1. 考情规律:句型在句型转换、口语对话、写作题考查
2. 备考建议:结合“健康建议”主题仿写句子,积累建议表达
主题话题
健康成长:
- 健康生活方式:keep healthy 保持健康、do exercise 做锻炼、get enough sleep 充足睡眠
- 身体不适及应对:have a fever 发烧、see a doctor 看医生、take medicine 吃药
- 健康习惯:wash hands before eating 饭前洗手、drink enough water 喝足够水
1. 掌握健康相关词汇与句型
2. 听懂健康对话,获取关键信息
3. 口头介绍健康习惯,书面撰写建议短文
1. 考情规律:常出现在听力题、语篇阅读、写作题(如“我的健康习惯”)
2. 备考建议:积累健康表达,结合具体事例(锻炼习惯)写作
语法项目
情态动词(Modal Verbs):
1. 常见情态动词及用法:
- should:表建议,“应该”(You should do exercise.)
- can:表能力/许可,“能/可以”(He can swim. / Can I use your pen?)
- must:表义务/推测,“必须/一定”(You must finish homework. / He must be at home.)
- shouldn't:表禁止,“不应该”(You shouldn't eat too much sugar.)
2. 句型结构:
- 肯定句:主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他
- 否定句:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他
- 疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
1. 区分情态动词用法(建议、能力、许可等)
2. 掌握情态动词句型结构
3. 运用情态动词表达建议、能力
1. 考情规律:出现在选择题(选情态动词)、填空题、句型转换
2. 备考建议:整理情态动词用法表,结合健康建议场景运用
知识点01 单元重点词汇(Unit2)
1. grow v. 成长
2. healthy adj. 健康的
3. effort n. 努力
4. lifestyle n. 生活方式
5. habit n. 习惯
6. sad adj. 难过的
7. stay v. 熬夜
8. circle v. 圈出
9. correct adj. 正确的
10. medicine n. 医学;药
11. medical adj. 医疗的,医学的
12. university n. 大学
13. normal adj. 正常的,典型的
14. plenty n. 大量,充足
15. proper adj. 正确的,适合的
16. various adj. 各种各样的
17. gym n. 体操馆,健身房
18. stressed adj. 焦虑不安的
19. skip v. 不做,不参加
20. toothache n. 牙痛
21. dentist n. 牙科医生
22. pain-killer n. 止痛药
23. brush v. 刷;n. 毛笔,画笔,刷子
24. clinic n. 诊所
25. cough v. 咳嗽
26. temperature n. 温度
27. hole n. 洞,孔
28. waiter n. 男服务员
一、词汇判断
1. 成长
A. glow B. grow C. blow D. flow
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词。A项意为“发光”;B项意为“成长”;C项意为“吹”;D项意为“流动”。故选B项。
2. 健康的
A. wealthy B. healthy C. thirsty D. worthy
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词。A项意为“富有的”;B项意为“健康的”;C项意为“口渴的”;D项意为“值得的”。故选B项。
3. 努力
A. effect B. effort C. elect D. erupt
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词。A项意为“影响”;B项意为“努力”;C项意为“选举”;D项意为“爆发”。故选B项。
4. 生活方式
A. lifestyle B. lifetime C. deadline D. headline
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词。A项意为“生活方式”;B项意为“一生”;C项意为“截止日期”;D项意为“标题”。故选A项。
5. 习惯
A. habit B. hobby C. habitat D. harvest
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词。A项意为“习惯”;B项意为“爱好”;C项意为“栖息地”;D项意为“收获”。故选A项。
6. 难过的
A. mad B. sad C. bad D. glad
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词。A项意为“生气的”;B项意为“难过的”;C项意为“坏的”;D项意为“高兴的”。故选B项。
7. 熬夜
A. stay up B. play C. lay D. pay
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词。A项意为“熬夜”;B项意为“玩”;C项意为“放置”;D项意为“支付”。故选A项。
8. 正确的
A. direct B. correct C. protect D. collect
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词。A项意为“直接的”;B项意为“正确的”;C项意为“保护”;D项意为“收集”。故选B项。
9. 药
A. message B. passage C. medicine D. necklace
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词。A项意为“消息”;B项意为“段落”;C项意为“药”;D项意为“项链”。故选C项。
10. 大学
A. universe B. university C. uniformity D. uniqueness
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词。A项意为“宇宙”;B项意为“大学”;C项意为“一致性”;D项意为“独特性”。故选B项。
二、词汇填空
11. It's important to have a healthy ________ (生活方式). (汉语提示填空)
【答案】lifestyle
【详解】考查名词。句意:拥有健康的生活方式很重要。根据汉语提示“生活方式”可知,此处应填名词lifestyle,空前有不定冠词a,用单数形式。故填lifestyle。
12. Reading books every day is a good ________ (习惯). (汉语提示填空)
【答案】habit
【详解】考查名词。句意:每天读书是一个好习惯。根据汉语提示“习惯”可知,此处应填名词habit,空前有不定冠词a,用单数形式。故填habit。
13. You should wear ________ (适当的) clothes for the party. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】proper
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你应该为聚会穿适当的衣服。根据汉语提示“适当的”可知,此处应填形容词proper,修饰名词clothes。故填proper。
14. There are ________ (各种各样的) ways to keep healthy. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】various
【详解】考查形容词。句意:有各种各样的保持健康的方法。根据汉语提示“各种各样的”可知,此处应填形容词various,修饰名词ways。故填various。
15. He goes to the ________ (健身房) to exercise every morning. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】gym
【详解】考查名词。句意:他每天早上去健身房锻炼。根据汉语提示“健身房”可知,此处应填名词gym,“go to the gym”为固定短语,意为“去健身房”。故填gym。
16. If you have a ________ (牙痛), you should see a dentist. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】toothache
【详解】考查名词。句意:如果你牙痛,你应该去看牙医。根据汉语提示“牙痛”可知,此处应填名词toothache,空前有不定冠词a,用单数形式。故填toothache。
17. The ________ (牙科医生) advised me to brush my teeth twice a day. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】dentist
【详解】考查名词。句意:牙科医生建议我每天刷两次牙。根据汉语提示“牙科医生”可知,此处应填名词dentist,在句中作主语,结合句意可知用单数形式。故填dentist。
18. She has a ________ (咳嗽) and can't stop coughing. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】cough
【详解】考查名词。句意:她咳嗽,而且停不下来。根据汉语提示“咳嗽”可知,此处应填名词cough,空前有不定冠词a,用单数形式。故填cough。
19. The nurse took my ________ (体温) and said I had a fever. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】temperature
【详解】考查名词。句意:护士量了我的体温,说我发烧了。根据汉语提示“体温”可知,此处应填名词temperature,“take one's temperature”为固定短语,意为“量体温”。故填temperature。
20. The ________ (男服务员) in this restaurant is very friendly. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】waiter
【详解】考查名词。句意:这家餐馆的男服务员很友好。根据汉语提示“男服务员”可知,此处应填名词waiter,结合句意可知用单数形式。故填waiter。
知识点02 单元重点短语和句式句型(Unit2)
重点短语
重点句式句型
Warm-up
eat healthy food 吃健康的食物
do exercise 锻炼
keep healthy 保持健康
keep a good mood 保持好情绪
have good habits 有好习惯
see doctors 看医生
get enough sleep 得到足够的睡眠
stay up late 熬夜
Listening
be born in 出生于
graduate from 毕业于
work as 做……工作
do some research 做研究
take the lead 带头
fight against 与……作斗争
Reading
live a healthy lifestyle 过健康的生活
stay healthy 保持健康
at the same time 同时
have a balanced meal 吃得平衡
too much 太多
do harm to 伤害
be made up of 由……组成
plenty of 大量
have a regular schedule
有规律的日程安排
get up 起床
go to bed 睡觉
at a proper time 在恰当的时间
keep fit 保持健康
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
Speaking
have a toothache/cold/fever
牙疼/感冒/发烧
in the hospital/school clinic
在医院/学校诊所
check one’s temperature 检查温度
take medicine 吃药
twice/three times a day 一天两次/三次
brush your teeth 刷牙
at least 至少
go to the dentist’s 看牙医
have a good rest 好好休息
have a sore throat 喉咙疼
Culture corner
wake up 醒来
a cup of hot water 一杯热水
start off 以……开始
be good for 对……有好处
in the West 在西方
prefer to 更喜欢
bring sb. sth. 给某人带来某物
Listening
1. He always lives a meaningful life.(他总是过着有意义的生活。)
2. He was born in Nanjing in 1936.(1936年,他出生于南京。)
3. When he grew up, he decided to study medicine.(当他长大时,他决定学医。)
4. He graduated from Beijing Medical College in 1960.(1960年,他毕业于北京医学院。)
5. In 1971, he worked as a teacher in Guangzhou.(1971年,他在广州当老师。)
6. Exercise is just as important as eating healthy food.(锻炼跟吃健康食物一样重要。)
Reading
1. It is important to live a healthy lifestyle.(过一种健康的生活方式很重要。)
2. How can you stay healthy and be a normal student at the same time?(你如何能在保持健康的同时又成为一个正常的学生呢?)
3. Always have a balanced meal, including fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, eggs and milk.(总是吃一顿均衡的饭,包括水果、蔬菜、肉、鱼、鸡蛋和牛奶。)
4. Too much fast food will do harm to your health.(太多的快餐会损害你的健康。)
5. Our body is mainly made up of water.(我们的身体主要是由水组成的。)
6. Get up and go to bed at a proper time.(在适当的时间起床并上床睡觉。)
7. Do various sports such as playing football, swimming, dancing.(做各种运动,如踢足球、游泳、跳舞。)
Speaking
1. —What seems to be the problem? —I’ve had a toothache for two days.(——怎么啦?——我牙疼两天了。)
2. You shouldn’t eat too much sweet food and remember to brush your teeth at least twice a day.(你不应该吃太多甜食,记住每天至少刷两次牙。)
3. —How long have you been feeling this way? —For two days, and I’ve been coughing a lot.(——你这样(不舒服)多长时间了?——两天了,我咳嗽得很厉害。)
4. You’ve got a cold/a fever/a headache.(你感冒了/发烧了/头疼了。)
5. Take this medicine three times a day, and have a good rest.(吃这个药一天三次,好好休息。)
Culture Corner
1. After waking up in the morning, a cup of hot water may help you start off the day.(早上醒来后,一杯热水可以帮助你开始一天(的生活)。)
2. It is believed that drinking hot water is good for your stomach and your whole body.(人们相信,喝热水对你的胃和全身都有好处。)
3. Most westerners prefer to drink hot water only when they're having drinks like tea or coffee.(大多数西方人只在喝茶或咖啡这类饮品时才喜欢喝热水。)
4. They find it strange when Chinese people drink hot water.(他们觉得中国人喝热水这件事很奇怪。)
5. Waiters in the West would always bring you a glass of cold water, sometimes with ice, before your meal.(西方的服务员总是会在饭前给你端来一杯冷水,有时还会加冰。)
一、短语填空
1.We should ________ ________ (锻炼) every day to keep our bodies strong. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】do exercise
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我们应该每天锻炼来保持身体强壮。根据汉语提示“锻炼”可知,此处应填固定短语do exercise,“should”为情态动词,后接动词原形。故填do exercise。
2.Eating ________ ________ (太多) junk food is bad for your health. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】too much
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。根据汉语提示“太多”可知,此处修饰不可数名词“junk food”,应填固定短语too much。故填too much。
3.She ________ ________ ________ (毕业于) a famous medical university last year. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】graduated from
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:她去年毕业于一所著名的医科大学。根据汉语提示“毕业于”可知,此处应填固定短语graduated from,结合时间状语“last year”,句子时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填graduated from。
4.You’d better ________ ________ ________ (量体温) first if you feel hot. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】check your temperature
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:如果你觉得热,最好先量一下体温。根据汉语提示“量体温”可知,此处应填固定短语check your temperature,“had better”后接动词原形。故填check your temperature。
5.Most people in China ________ ________ (更喜欢) drink hot water rather than cold water. (汉语提示填空)
【答案】prefer to
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:中国大多数人更喜欢喝热水而不是冷水。根据汉语提示“更喜欢”可知,此处应填固定短语prefer to,“prefer to do sth.”表示“更喜欢做某事”,句子时态为一般现在时,主语“Most people”为复数,谓语动词用原形。故填prefer to。
二、汉译英
6.过健康的生活方式对每个人来说都很重要。
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】It is important for everyone to live a healthy lifestyle.
【详解】考查固定句型与短语。“对某人来说做某事很重要”用固定句型“It is important for sb. to do sth.”,其中it为形式主语,真正主语为不定式短语;“每个人”:everyone;“过健康的生活方式”:live a healthy lifestyle。故本句译为:It is important for everyone to live a healthy lifestyle.
7.他1985年出生于上海,现在是一名优秀的医生。
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】He was born in Shanghai in 1985 and now he is an excellent doctor.
【详解】考查固定短语与时态。“出生于”:was born in,结合时间状语“1985年”,用一般过去时;“上海”:Shanghai;“现在”:now,后接一般现在时;“优秀的医生”:excellent doctor,空前用不定冠词an。故本句译为:He was born in Shanghai in 1985 and now he is an excellent doctor.
8.如果你牙疼,应该去看牙医并按时吃药。
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】If you have a toothache, you should go to the dentist’s and take medicine on time.
【详解】考查条件句与固定短语。“如果”:If,引导条件状语从句;“牙疼”:have a toothache;“应该”:should;“看牙医”:go to the dentist’s;“按时吃药”:take medicine on time。故本句译为:If you have a toothache, you should go to the dentist’s and take medicine on time.
9.我们的身体主要由水组成,所以每天要喝足够的水。
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】Our body is mainly made up of water, so we should drink enough water every day.
【详解】考查固定短语与并列句。“由……组成”:be made up of,主语“Our body”为单数,be动词用is;“主要”:mainly;“所以”:so,引导结果状语从句;“足够的水”:enough water;“每天”:every day。故本句译为:Our body is mainly made up of water, so we should drink enough water every day.
10.早上醒来后喝一杯热水,有助于开启新的一天。
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】After waking up in the morning, drinking a cup of hot water helps start a new day.
【详解】考查非谓语动词与固定短语。“早上醒来后”:After waking up in the morning,after为介词,后接动名词;“喝一杯热水”:drinking a cup of hot water,作主语,用动名词形式;“有助于”:helps,后接动词原形;“开启新的一天”:start a new day。故本句译为:After waking up in the morning, drinking a cup of hot water helps start a new day.
知识点03 单元重点语法(Unit2)
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能”“应当”“必要”等等。情态动词不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。有些情态动词没有过去式,如 must; 有些有过去式,如 can-could ,may-might,shall—should,will—would,have to-had to。
情态动词的否定式一般是在它们的后面加否定词 not。其简略形式如下:
can't,couldn't,mayn't,mightn't,mustn't,shan't,shouldn't,won't,wouldn't ,needn't等。
1.can,could 和 be able to 的用法
(1)can 和 be able to都可用来表示能力,can 有过去式 could,而 be able to 则有更多的式 。can 和 be able to在表示能力时,常可以互换,但是表示经过努力获得的能力时要用be able to.
He can speak Chinese.他会讲汉语。
He could speak a little French when he was living in France.
当他在法国生活的时候会讲一点法语。
His brother could(was able to)take care of himself when he was five.
他的兄弟在五岁的时候就能照顾自己了。
After finishing this course,he will be able to speak French better.
学完这门课后,他就能更流利地讲法语了。
(2)can(could) 用来表示“可能”。
I thought the story could not be true.我认为这个故事不可能是真的。
It can't be him.不可能是他。
Anybody can make mistakes. 谁都有可能犯错误。
(3)can(could)用来表示“允许”。
Can/Could I go now? 我现在可以走了吗?
You can use my computer.你可以用我的电脑。
(4)can(could) 用来表示请求。
此时 can 和 could没有时间上的差别,could 比 can 更显委婉客气,主要用疑问句。
Can you lend me your bike? 你能把你的自行车借给我吗?
—Could I come here again tomorrow? ——我明天再来行吗!
—Yes,you can.(No,I'm afraid not.) ——可以。(对不起,恐怕不行。
2.may 和might 的用法
(1)表示“可以”“允许”。
—May I watch TV after supper? ——晚饭后我可以看电视吗?
—Yes,you may.(Yes,please.) ——可以。
—No,you may not.(No,you mustn't./No,you'd better not.)
——不行。(不可以。/最好不要看。)
He said that I might use the dictionary. 他说我可以用字典。
(2)表示推测性的“可能”。
He may be very busy these days. 他这几天可能很忙。
The story may not be true. 这个故事不可能是真的。
(3)表示祝愿(不用might)。
May you enjoy yourself! 祝你玩得好!
May you succeed!祝你成功!
3.shall,should和ought to 的用法
shall与should 用作助动词时,should 是 shall 的过去式;用作情态动词时,shall和should是两个不同的词。
(1)在疑问句中,情态动词 shall用来征求对方的意见或请求指示,用于第一,三人称。在第二,三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令,警告,允诺或威胁。
Shall we start now? 咱们开始行吗?
Where shall I wait for you? 我在哪儿等你?
Shall she come right now? 让她现在就来吗?
(2)情态动词should 表示劝告,建议,义务,责任时,意为“应该”,与 ought to 同义。
After that,you should list your work experiences. 然后,你应该把工作经历列出来。
You shouldn't feel unhappy. 你不应该感到不愉快。
We should learn how to use computers. 我们应该学习如何使用电脑。
(3)ought to 无人称和时态变化,表示“应该,应当”,否定式为 ought not to(oughtn't to)。
You ought to take care of yourself. 你应该自己照顾自己。
Such things ought not to be done. 这种事不能做。
4.will和would的用法
(1)情态动词 will在疑问句中用于第二人称时,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。
Will you go with me? 你跟我一块走吗?
Will you give him a message when you see him? 你见到他给我带个信好吗?
(2)will 表示“意愿”“意志”,可用于多种人称。
I will tell you the story. 我会将这个故事告诉你的。
We will help him if he asks us to. 他要求的话,我们愿意帮助他。
Come whenever you will. 你随时想来就来。
(3)would 是 will 的过去式,表示过去时间的“意志”“意愿”,可用于多种人称。
They said that they would help us. 他们说他们愿意都我们。
I promised that I would try my best. 我答应尽我最大能力去做。
(4)would 可指现在时间,表示意愿或向对方提出请求,语气比 will 委婉。
Would you mind my opening the door? 你介意我打开门吗?
Would you like some water? 你想喝水吗?
I'd(would)like to see your new bike. 我想看看你的新自行车。
5.must,have to 的用法
(1)must的用法。
①must表示“必须”,强调主观看法,只有现在时形式,其否定式是 must not(mustn't),表示“不许,一定不要”。
The work must be finished as soon as possible. 这项工作必须尽快完成。
You mustn't park your car here. 车不能停在这里。
②对 must开头的问句,其否定回答要用 needn't或 don't have to,表示“不必”,不能用must not。
—Must I come back home before 6 p.m.? ——我必须晚上6点以前回到家吗?
—Yes,you must. ——是的。
—No,you needn't./No,you don't have to. ——不必。/不用。
③must 表示“一定,必定”,是一种很肯定的推测,但只用于肯定句中。在否定句中使用can't, 意为“不会”。
—Who is there at the door? ——门口的那个人是谁?
—It must be my brother. ——一定是我兄弟。
—It can't be your brother. It must be Xiao Li. ——不可能是你兄弟, 一定是小李。
Xiao Liu didn't come to class.He must be ill. 小刘没有来上课,他一定病了。
(2)have to 表示“必须”或“不得不”,在意义上与 must很接近,但must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而 have to 表示的是客观需要。have to比must有更多的时态形式。
I must go now. 我得走了。(主观意图)
I have to finish this essay today. We have to hand them in tomorrow. 我今天得完成这篇论文,因为我们明天必须交。(客观需要)
He said he had to finish the task by himself. 他说他必须自己完成这个任务。
You don't have to worry about that. 你不必为此事烦心。
The students will have to know how to use computers. 学生们得知道如何使用电脑。
6.can’t/may not/mustn't/needn't辨析
can't 不可能
例如:She can't be our new English teacher. 她不可能是我们的新英语老师。
may not可能不
例如:She may not be our new English teacher. 她可能不是我们的新英语老师。
mustn't 禁止
孩子们禁止在马路上踢足球。
例如:Children mustn't play football on the road.
needn't不必
例如:You needn't buy me gift.你不必给我买礼物。
7.情态动词表示推测
表示推测时肯定句一般用must,may/might,would,should/ought to,否定句用can/could not,may/might not,疑问句用 can/could。
对现在情况的推测:情态动词+动词原形
肯定句:He must be at home. 他一定在家。
肯定句:He may be at home. 他可能在家。
肯定句:He would be at home. 他大概在家。
肯定句:He should/ought to be at home. 他应当在家。
肯定句:He must/may know you. 他一定/可能认识你。
否定句:He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。
否定句:He may not be at home. 他可能不在家。
疑问句:Can he be at home? 他会在家吗?
对过去情况的推测:情态动词+have+过去分词
肯定句:It must/may have rained last night. 昨晚一定/可能下雨了。
否定句:The door was locked. He can/couldn’t have been at home. 门锁着,他不可能在家。
疑问句:Can he have got the book? 他得到那本书了吗?
一、单项选择
1.People ________ travel long distances quickly before the invention of trains.
A.couldn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:在火车发明之前,人们无法快速长途旅行。A. couldn’t不能;B. mustn’t禁止;C. shouldn’t不应该;D. needn’t不需要。根据句意可知,在火车发明之前,人们不能快速长途旅行。故选A。
2.Edison ________ have tried thousands of times before he invented the light bulb.
A.need B.can C.must D.may
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:爱迪生在发明电灯泡之前一定已经尝试了成千上万次。A. need需要;B. can能够;C. must一定;D. may可能。根据下文“have tried thousands of times before he invented the light bulb”可知,空处表示对过去事情的肯定推测,意为“一定”,C选项符合句意和规则。故选C。
3.We ________ learn from great people like Cai Lun, who improved paper-making.
A.would B.should C.will D.may
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:我们应该向蔡伦这样改进造纸术的伟人学习。A. would将;B. should应该;C. will将;D. may可能。根据句意可知,我们应该向蔡伦这样改进造纸术的伟人学习。故选B。
4.________ you tell me more about Henry Ford’s contribution to the automobile industry?
A.Must B.Should C.Could D.Will
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:你能告诉我更多关于亨利·福特对汽车工业的贡献吗?A. Must必须;B. Should应该;C. Could能;D. Will将。“Could you tell me ...”是英语中表达“礼貌请求对方提供信息”的常用句式,语气委婉、客气,符合语境。故选C。
5.The ancient Chinese ________ have been very clever to invent the compass.
A.need B.should C.must D.might
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:中国古代人发明指南针,一定非常聪明。A. need需要;B. should应该;C. must一定;D. might可能。根据句意可知,中国古代人能够发明出指南针,他们一定非常聪明,must have done表示“一定做了某事”,符合题意。故选C。
二、改错
6.[A]The teacher [B]told him he [C]had better not [D]to do it.(指出错误并改正)
【答案】D;do
【详解】考查had better的用法。句意:老师告诉他最好别做这件事。固定短语had better not do sth.意为“最好不要做某事”,故将D选项to do改为do。故答案为:D;do。
7.The teacher [A]wants Jack to be [B]a little confident though it [C]may be sound [D]hard. (指出错误并改正)
【答案】C; may
【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意:老师希望杰克有一点自信,尽管可能听起来很难。在英语中,“may”作为情态动词,意为“可能”,其后常接动词原形,而原句中may后接动词原形be,又继续接动词原形sound,语法上错误。根据句意,应去掉后面的动词原形be。故答案为:C;may。
8.He cans speak English. (单句改错)
【答案】cans→ can
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:他会说英语。分析句子可知,情态动词在所有人称后均保持原形,不随主语变化,没有第三人称单数形式。故答案为:cans→ can。
9.You’d better don’t move. (指出错误并改错)
【答案】don’t→ not
【详解】考查半助动词的用法。句意:你最好不要动。“had better not do”最好不要做某事,所以将don’t变为not。故答案为:don’t→ not。
10.He should stops smoking right now. (单句改错)
【答案】stops→ stop
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:他现在应该停止吸烟。“should”是情态动词,情态动词后需接动词原形,所以需将三单形式“stops”改为动词原形“stop”。故答案为:stops→ stop。
知识点04 单元话题主题(Unit2)
主题
Growing Up Healthy
功能话题
询问与提供有关健康状况的信息
劝告与建议
(1) —What seems to be the problem? /What's the matter/the trouble/wrong with you? /Is there anything wrong with you?
—I feel terrible/bad/sick./I don't feel well. /There is something wrong with.../I have a cold/fever/toothache/headache...
(2) —How long have you...?
—For two days. /About two days. /Since last Friday.
(1) —Excuse me/Good morning, doctor. I don't feel well. I think I have a toothache/cold/fever...
—You shouldn't.../Don't.../Remember to.../You should.../You'd better...
(2) —Take this medicine twice/three times...a day and you'll feel better.
—I see. Thank you. /Thanks for your advice. /OK. I will. /...
一、补全对话
A: 1
B: I have a headache and sore throat.
A: 2
B: It’s been about three days.
A: Do you have a fever?
B: 3
A: Are you allergic to any medications?
B: 4
A: Take these pills twice a day after meals. Make sure to drink plenty of water.
B: 5
A.No, I don’t think so.
B.What seems to be the problem?
C.How long have you been feeling this way?
D.Yes, I’m allergic to penicillin.
E.I will. Thank you.
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.E
【导语】本文是一段医生与患者之间的问诊对话。
1.根据答语“I have a headache and sore throat. (我头痛喉咙痛。)”可知,此处医生在询问患者症状。 选项B“您哪里不舒服?”符合语境。故选B。
2.根据答语“It’s been about three days. (大概三天了。)”可知,此处医生在询问症状持续时间。 选项C“这种情况持续多久了?”符合语境。故选C。
3.根据问句“Do you have a fever?”(你发烧吗?)可知,此处需回答是否发烧。 选项A“不,我觉得没有。”符合语境。 故选A。
4.根据问句“Are you allergic to any medications? (你对药物过敏吗?)”可知,此处需回答过敏情况。 选项D “是的,我对青霉素过敏。”符合语境。故选D。
5.根据医生建议“Take these pills twice a day after meals. Make sure to drink plenty of water. (这些药片每天两次,饭后服用。一定要多喝水。)”可知,此处患者应回应医嘱。 选项E“我会的,谢谢。”符合语境。故选E。
二、阅读理解
Do you know how to keep healthy? Here are some good habits for you.
First, eat a balanced diet. You should eat more fruits and vegetables, and less junk food like hamburgers and ice cream. Drinking enough water every day is also very important.
Second, exercise regularly. You don’t need to do difficult sports. Walking, running, or playing basketball for 30 minutes every day can help you stay strong and healthy.
Third, get enough sleep. Students usually need 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. Good sleep helps your body and brain rest and grow.
Finally, be happy. A positive attitude (积极的态度) is good for your health. Smile more and don’t get angry easily.
Start these habits today, and you will have a healthier life!
6.What is a balanced diet according to the passage?
A.Eating only fruits.
B.Eating more fruits and vegetables and less junk food.
C.Eating only vegetables.
D.Eating no junk food at all.
7.How long should you exercise every day?
A.For 10 minutes.
B.For 30 minutes.
C.For 1 hour.
D.For 2 hours.
8.How many hours of sleep do students need each night?
A.5 to 6 hours.
B.6 to 8 hours.
C.8 to 10 hours.
D.More than 10 hours.
9.What is the advantage of a positive attitude?
A.It makes you smarter.
B.It is good for your health.
C.It helps you make more money.
D.It makes you run faster.
10.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell people to eat more.
B.To ask people to play sports.
C.To give advice on how to keep healthy.
D.To show the importance of sleep.
【答案】6.B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要从饮食、锻炼、睡眠、心态方面给出保持健康的建议。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段中“First, eat a balanced diet. You should eat more fruits and vegetables, and less junk food like hamburgers and ice cream. (首先,饮食要均衡。你应该多吃水果和蔬菜,少吃汉堡包和冰淇淋之类的垃圾食品。)”可知,均衡饮食是多吃水果和蔬菜,少吃垃圾食品。故选B。
7.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Walking, running, or playing basketball for 30 minutes every day can help you stay strong and healthy. (每天散步、跑步或打篮球30分钟可以帮助你保持强壮和健康。)”可知,每天应该锻炼30分钟。故选B。
8.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Students usually need 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. (学生通常每晚需要8到10个小时的睡眠。)”可知,学生每晚需要8到10个小时的睡眠。故选C。
9.细节理解题。根据第五段中“A positive attitude (积极的态度) is good for your health. (积极的态度对你的健康有好处。)”可知,积极的态度对健康有好处。故选B。
10.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Do you know how to keep healthy? Here are some good habits for you. (你知道如何保持健康吗?这里有一些好习惯给你。)”以及通读全文可推知,本文的主要目的是给出了保持健康方式的建议。故选C。
题型一 单项选择题
解|题|技|巧
1. 明确用法场景:先判断情态动词表推测、请求还是引语转换,锁定核心考点。
2. 抓关键依据:表推测时,凭“明确事实”选must(肯定)/can’t(否定);表请求用May表委婉。
3. 引语转换规则:must变had to,地点副词here改there,遵循时态和视角一致。
易|错|点|拨
1. 推测语气混淆:误将may not(可能不)当否定推测,忽略can’t(不可能)才是确定否定。
2. 请求用词误区:用Must/Should表请求,未用May体现礼貌,不符合交际场景。
3. 引语转换失误:直接引语must未改had to,或here未换there,忽略转述规则。
【典例1】
(25-26高三上·云南昆明·期中)— Listen! Bill is knocking at the door.
— It ________ be Bill. He has gone to Beijing.
A.may not B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意:——听!比尔正在敲门。——不可能是比尔。他去北京了。A. may not不可以;B. needn’t不必;C. mustn’t禁止;D. can’t不可能。根据“He has gone to Beijing.”的事实,可确定是“否定推测”,can’t表“不可能”,符合语境。故选D。
【变式】— Look! Someone is singing in the classroom.
— It ________ be Lucy. She has gone to Shanghai for a trip.
A.may not B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意:——看!有人在教室里唱歌。——不可能是露西。她去上海旅行了。根据“她去上海旅行”的事实,可知是“否定推测”,can’t表“不可能”,符合逻辑。故选D。
【典例2】
(22-23高一下·浙江湖州·期末)________ I use your computer?
A.May B.Must C.Should
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词表请求。句意:我可以用一下你的电脑吗?A. May可以(表委婉请求);B. Must必须;C. Should应该。语境为请求使用他人物品,用May体现礼貌委婉,符合交际场景。故选A。
【变式】________ I borrow your English dictionary?
A.May B.Must C.Should
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词表请求。句意:我可以借你的英语词典吗?此处是请求借用物品,需用May表委婉礼貌,契合日常交际习惯。故选A。
【典例3】
(陕西省宝鸡市千陇职业中学2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中考试中职英语试题)— Whose book is this?
— It ________ be Tom’s. His name is on the cover.
A.must B.can C.may D.might
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词表肯定推测。句意:——这是谁的书?——这肯定是汤姆的。封面上写着他的名字。A. must一定(表确定推测);B. can能;C. may可能;D. might可能。根据“封面上有他的名字”这一明确依据,是肯定推测,must表“一定”,语气最确定。故选A。
【变式】— Whose pen is this?
— It ________ be Lily’s. Her favorite cartoon is printed on it.
A.must B.can C.may D.might
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词表肯定推测。句意:——这是谁的钢笔?——一定是莉莉的。上面印着她最喜欢的卡通图案。结合“印着她喜欢的卡通”这一明确依据,是确定的肯定推测,用must表“一定”。故选A。
【典例4】
(25-26高二下·全国·课后作业)—Would you open the window please?
—Yes, I _________.
A.will B.would C.do D.can
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词回应请求。句意:——请打开窗户好吗?——好的。A. will愿意(回应委婉请求);B. would表过去意愿;C. do回应以do开头的问句;D. can表能力。问句中would是委婉请求,回应需用will表“愿意去做”,符合即时回应的语境。故选A。
【变式】—Would you pass me the glass please?
—Yes, I _________.
A.will B.would C.do D.can
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词回应请求。句意:——请把杯子递给我好吗?——好的。问句用would表委婉请求,回应需用will表“愿意执行”,契合日常交际的回应逻辑。故选A。
【典例5】
(2024高三·全国·专题练习)“You must come here before five,” he said.
→He said that I______go_______before five.
A.must; here B.had to; there C.have to; here D.mustn't; there
【答案】B
【详解】考查直接引语变间接引语。句意:“你必须在五点前到这里来,”他说。→他说我必须在五点前到那里去。直接引语中must变间接引语时需改为had to;地点状语here需改为there,符合转述时的地点视角。故选B。
【变式】“You must finish the work here today,” she said.
→She said that I________ finish the work_______today.
A.must; here B.had to; there C.have to; here D.mustn't; there
【答案】B
【详解】考查直接引语变间接引语。句意:“你必须今天在这里完成工作,”她说。→她说我必须今天在那里完成工作。直接引语中must变间接引语为had to;here需改为there,契合转述的语境要求。故选B。
题型二 完形填空题
解|题|技|巧
1. 语境匹配:结合常识(如跑步简单、饭后不马上运动)和上下文逻辑选符合场景的词。
2. 固定搭配:牢记核心短语(in+季节、make+宾语+形容词、live a life),快速锁定答案。
3. 词性辨析:根据空格前后词性(如介词后接名词、动词后接宾语)筛选合适词汇。
易|错|点|拨
1. 介词误用:混淆in/on/at接时间的用法,尤其季节前误选on。
2. 动词搭配混淆:误将“保持健康”写成make healthy,忽略stay healthy的固定表达。
3. 语境偏差:选与常识矛盾的词(如说跑步“困难”),未结合“可在公园跑”的语境。
【典例1】(25-26高三上·广西贵港·期末)Sports are good for our health. Many people like doing sports in their free time. There are many kinds of sports, such as running, swimming, playing ball games and so on.
Running is a(n) 1 sport. You can run in a park or on the street. It helps you 2 strong legs. Swimming is another great sport. It is good for your heart and lungs. You can swim in a swimming pool 3 summer. Playing basketball is a team sport. It can help you learn to work with others and 4 your friendship. To stay healthy, we should do sports 5 . But we must remember some rules. First, we should warm up before doing sports to 6 hurt. Second, we shouldn’t do sports 7 after meals. Third, we should drink enough water 8 doing sports.
Health is important for everyone. Let’s do more sports and 9 a healthy life. I’m sure we will all 10 strong and healthy.
1.A.difficult B.easy C.expensive D.hard
2.A.make B.do C.take D.get
3.A.on B.in C.at D.for
4.A.build B.break C.lose D.find
5.A.never B.sometimes C.often D.hardly
6.A.keep B.make C.get D.avoid
7.A.soon B.slowly C.early D.late
8.A.before B.after C.until D.with
9.A.live B.have C.make D.do
10.A.make B.stay C.get D.do
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动的好处、种类以及运动时的注意事项。
1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:跑步是一项简单的运动。A. difficult困难的;B. easy简单的;C. expensive昂贵的;D. hard艰难的。根据后文“You can run in a park or on the street.”可知,跑步随地都可以进行,是一项很简单的运动。故选B。
2.考查动词词义辨析。句意:它能让你的腿变得强壮。A. make使;B. do做;C. take携带;D. get得到。“make+形容词+名词”表示“使……变得……”,是固定搭配,此处指跑步“使腿部强壮”。故选A。
3.考查介词词义辨析。句意:夏天你可以在游泳池里游泳。A. on后接具体的一天或特定某天的上午/下午/晚上;B. in后接世纪、年、月、季节和泛指的上午/下午/晚上;C. at后接具体的时间点;D. for后接一段时间。空后“summer”是季节,空处应用介词in。故选B。
4.考查动词词义辨析。句意:它可以帮助你学会与他人合作,建立友谊。A. build建立;B. break打破;C. lose丢失;D. find找到。根据上文“Playing basketball is a team sport.”可知,打篮球是一项团队运动,可以帮助人与人之间建立起友谊。故选A。
5.考查副词词义辨析。句意:为了保持健康,我们应该经常做运动。A. never从不;B. sometimes有时;C. often经常;D. hardly几乎不。根据上文“To stay healthy”,结合常识可知,要想保持健康的状态,需要经常做运动。故选C。
6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:首先,我们应该在运动前热身,以避免受伤。A. keep保持;B. make使得;C. get得到;D. avoid避免。根据上文“we should warm up before doing sports”以及结合常识可知,运动前热身是为了避免运动过程中受伤。故选D。
7.考查副词词义辨析。句意:第二,我们不应该在饭后很快做运动。A. soon很快;B. slowly缓慢地;C. early提早;D. late晚。根据常识可知,饭后不宜立即运动。故选A。
8.考查介词词义辨析。句意:第三,我们应该在运动后喝足够的水。A. before在……之前;B. after在……之后;C. until直到;D. with带有。根据常识可知,运动过后要及时补充水分。故选B。
9.考查动词词义辨析。句意:让我们多做运动,过健康的生活。A. live(以某种方式)生活;B. have有;C. make使得;D. do做。根据空后“a healthy life”可知,此处指过健康的生活,live a ... life是固定搭配,表示“过什么样的生活”。故选A。
10.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我相信我们都会保持强壮和健康。A. make使得;B. stay保持;C. get得到;D. do做。根据句意可知,多做运动,我们都将保持强壮和健康。故选B。
题型三 阅读理解题
解|题|技|巧
1. 题干定位:圈画题干关键词(如balanced diet、exercise often),快速找到原文对应段落。
2. 原文匹配:对比选项与原文句子,找同义表述或原句信息,排除矛盾项。
3. 否定题技巧:对“NOT”题型,逐一核对选项是否在原文出现,未提及或相反的为答案。
易|错|点|拨
1. 定位偏差:未找准关键词对应位置,误选邻近段落的干扰信息。
2. 细节混淆:混淆“每周3次”“每晚8小时”等具体数字,凭模糊记忆答题。
3. 否定题失误:忽略“NOT”,误选符合原文的选项,而非不符合的答案。
【典例1】(24-25高三·陕西·模拟预测)Do you know how to keep healthy? Here are some tips for you.
First, you should eat a balanced diet. You should eat more fruits and vegetables, because they are rich in vitamins and fiber. You should also eat some meat, fish and eggs, which can provide you with protein. You shouldn’t eat too much junk food, such as hamburgers, French fries and ice cream. They are bad for your health.
Second, you should exercise regularly. Doing exercise can help you keep fit and strong. You can do some sports, such as running, swimming, playing basketball and yoga. You should exercise at least 3 times a week, for 30 minutes each time.
Third, you should get enough sleep. Sleep is very important for your body and mind. You should sleep at least 8 hours every night. If you don’t get enough sleep, you will feel tired and sleepy during the day.
Finally, you should keep a good mood. Happiness is good for your health. You can listen to music, talk to your friends or do something you like to relax yourself.
6.What is a balanced diet?
A.Eating only fruits and vegetables. B.Eating only meat, fish and eggs.
C.Eating a variety of foods in the right amounts. D.Eating too much junk food.
7.Why should we eat more fruits and vegetables?
A.Because they are delicious. B.Because they are cheap.
C.Because they are rich in vitamins and fiber. D.Because they are easy to digest.
8.How often should we exercise?
A.At least 3 times a week. B.At least 5 times a week.
C.Every day. D.Once a week.
9.How many hours of sleep should we get every night?
A.At least 6 hours. B.At least 7 hours.
C.At least 8 hours. D.At least 9 hours.
10.Which of the following is NOT a way to keep a good mood?
A.Listening to music. B.Talking to friends.
C.Doing something you like. D.Eating junk food.
【答案】6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了保持健康的四个建议。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段中“First, you should eat a balanced diet. You should eat more fruits and vegetables, because they are rich in vitamins and fiber. You should also eat some meat, fish and eggs, which can provide you with protein. (首先,你应该吃一个均衡的饮食。你应该多吃水果和蔬菜,因为它们富含维生素和纤维。你还应该吃一些肉、鱼和鸡蛋,它们可以为你提供蛋白质。)”可知,均衡饮食是“吃适量的各种食物”。故选C。
7.细节理解题。根据第二段中“You should eat more fruits and vegetables, because they are rich in vitamins and fiber. (你应该多吃水果和蔬菜,因为它们富含维生素和纤维。)”可知,我们应该多吃水果和蔬菜是因为它们富含维生素和纤维。故选C。
8.细节理解题。根据第三段中“You should exercise at least 3 times a week, for 30 minutes each time. (你应该每周至少锻炼3次,每次30分钟。)”可知,我们应该每周至少锻炼3次。故选A。
9.细节理解题。根据第四段中“You should sleep at least 8 hours every night. (你每晚应该至少睡8个小时。)”可知,我们每晚应该至少睡8个小时。故选C。
10.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“You can listen to music, talk to your friends or do something you like to relax yourself. (你可以听音乐,和朋友聊天,或者做一些你喜欢的事情来放松自己。)”可知,听音乐、和朋友聊天、做一些你喜欢的事情都是保持好心情的方法,而吃垃圾食品不是。故选D。
题型四 补充对话题
解|题|技|巧
1. 答语定问句:根据答语类型(如陈述病情用what问,yes/no用一般疑问句)匹配问句。
2. 逻辑顺承接:按“问原因→问看病→问医嘱→问病情→问恢复”的对话逻辑选句子。
3. 排除法筛除:先排除与“生病、看病”话题无关的选项,缩小选择范围。
易|错|点|拨
1. 问句类型混淆:误将what引导的特殊问句匹配yes/no答语,或反之。
2. 逻辑顺序颠倒:跳过“问看病”直接“问医嘱”,导致对话衔接断裂。
3. 话题偏离:选择与“生病、恢复”无关的句子,忽略对话核心场景。
【典例1】(22-23高二下·河北邢台·期末)补全对话
A: Hi, Li Jun. You were not at school yesterday. 1
B: Oh, I had a headache and I had to ask for a sick leave.
A: Sorry to hear that. 2
B: Yes, my mother took me to the hospital.
A: 3
B: The doctor checked me over and said I had a cold.
A: 4
B: Yes, a little. The doctor told me to take the medicine three times a day and have plenty of water.
A: 5
B: Yes, much better. But I’ve missed so many lessons.
A: Don’t worry about it. I’ll help you later.
B: Thanks a lot.
A.Did you see the doctor?
B.Are you feeling better now?
C.Was it serious?
D.What was wrong with you?
E.What did the doctor say?
【答案】1.D 2.A 3.E 4.C 5.B
【导语】本文是一篇对话。两人关于为什么没有上学的原因及看病情况的对话。
1.根据“I had a headache and I had to ask for a sick leave. (我头疼,不得不请病假)”可知,横线上是询问怎么了,选项D“你怎么了?”符合语境。故选D。
2.根据“Yes, my mother took me to the hospital. (是的,我妈妈带我去医院)”可知,横线上应是一般疑问句,询问有没有看医生,选项A“你看医生了吗”符合语境。故选A。
3.根据“The doctor checked me over and said I had a cold. (医生给我检查了一下,说我感冒了)”可知,横线上应是询问医生怎么说的,选项E“医生说什么”符合语境。故选E。
4.根据“The doctor checked me over and said I had a cold. (医生给我检查了一下,说我感冒了)”及答语“Yes, a little (是的,一点)”可知,横线上应是病情怎样,选项C“严重吗”符合语境。故选C。
5.根据“Yes, much better. (是的,更好了)”可知,横线上应是询问好点吗,选项B“你现在感觉好点吗”符合语境。故选B。
题型五 汉译英题
解|题|技|巧
1.拆分句式:先确定句子主干(主谓宾 / 主系表),如 “我们有 T 恤” 对应 “We have T-shirts”,再补充修饰成分(颜色、目的)。
2.把握语法规则:根据语境确定时态(如 “将举行” 用一般将来时被动)、从句逻辑(如 3.if 条件句 “主将从现”),以及非谓语结构(如 “学会做某事” 用 learn to do)。
4.固定搭配优先:常用表达如 “供选择” 用 for...to choose from,“合理使用” 用 use...properly,避免逐字硬译。
易|错|点|拨
1.语态混淆:如 “庆典举行” 未用被动(will be held),误译为主动 will hold,忽略 “庆典” 是动作承受者。
2.时态错误:如 if 从句用将来时(will rain),违背 “主将从现”;或过去进行时与一般过去时混用。
3.细节遗漏:如 “供您选择” 漏译 from(choose from),导致语义不完整;或 “各种颜色” 误译 various color(漏加 s)。
【典例1】(22-23高一下·湖南郴州·期末)你应该多休息。(句子汉译英)
【答案】You should get more rest.
【详解】考查情态动词。你:You,人称代词作主语,位于句首,首字母大写;应该得到:should get,情态动词后接动词原形,作谓语;多休息:more rest,作宾语。故本句译为:You should get more rest.
【典例2】(24-25高三下·湖南·模拟预测)我们应该节约用水。(句子汉译英)
【答案】We should save water.
【详解】考查陈述句和情态动词。根据“。”可知,该句是陈述句。我们:We,作主语;应该节约:should save,“情态动词+动词原形”作复合谓语;水:water,作宾语。故本句译为:We should save water.
【典例3】(23-24高三上·河南洛阳·阶段练习)我们得尽快完成作业。(句子汉译英)
【答案】We have to/must finish our homework as soon as possible.
【详解】考查情态动词和陈述句。根据“得(表示必要性)”和“。”可知,该句是一般现在时的陈述句 。我们:We,人称代词作主语 ;得完成:have to/must finish,作情态动词加动词原形,作复合谓语;我们的作业:our homework,作宾语;尽快:as soon as possible,副词性短语作状语。故本句译为:We have to/must finish our homework as soon as possible.
【典例4】(21-22高一下·甘肃·期末)你应该多吃蔬菜和水果。(汉译英)
【答案】You should eat more vegetables and fruits.
【详解】考查陈述句和情态动词。分析句子结构可知,这是一个简单的陈述句。你:You,作主语;应该多吃:should eat ,由“情态动词+动词原形”构成复合谓语;更多的蔬菜和水果:more vegetables and fruits,作宾语。故本句译为:You should eat more vegetables and fruits.
【典例5】(7-8高三·江苏·模拟预测)Mary必须学会怎样改掉晚睡的坏习惯。(get rid of)(汉译英)
【答案】Mary must learn how to get rid of the bad habit of going to bed late.
【详解】考查含情态动词的陈述句。“Mary”作主语;必须:must,是情态动词,后接动词原形;学会怎样改掉:learn how to get rid of;晚睡的坏习惯:the bad habit of going to bed late。故本句译为:Mary must learn how to get rid of the bad habit of going to bed late.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$