Unit 4 Living with Technology 重点词汇归纳清单-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第二册

学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 4 · 1. capacity n. 领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量；容纳能力 The last five years has seen a huge increase in the country’s export capacity. [词形转换] 1）capable adj. 有能力的 be capable of (doing) sth. 有能力做某事 · 2. analyze v. 分析 With his help, we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems. [词形转换] 1）analysis n. 分析 [pl. analyses] · 3. massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的 They have made a massive effort to save the ancient walls. [词形转换] 1）mass ① adj. 大批的，数量极多的，广泛的 The latest product is aimed at the mass market. ② n. 堆，团，块；大量，许多；（物理学）质量 a mass of/ masses of 一堆；大量的 A mass of books and papers are on his desk. ③ the mass [pl.] 群众 One of the duties of the physician is to educate the masses how not to take medicine. · 4. threaten v. 威胁到，危及；威胁；恐吓；扬言要 threaten to do sth. 威胁/扬言要某事 Our neighbor threatened to call the police if we didn’t stop the noise. threaten sb. with sth. 用某事威胁某人 The attacker threatened them with a gun. [词形转换] 1）threat n. 威胁 under threat 受到威胁 · 5. commit v. 犯（罪），做（错事）；承诺；花（时间、钱等）；忠于， 全心全意 commit a crime/ mistake 犯罪/错 commit sb./ oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺/保证某人（做）某事 The government committed itself to reducing taxes. commit to sb./ sth. 忠于某人/全心全意投入某事 Young people still need to learn how to commit to a job and set themselves some goals. commit…to… 把…投入… They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations. [词形转换] 1）commitment n. 承诺；奉献；投入 make a commitment 作出承诺 The organization has made a commitment to plant 5,000 trees. 2）committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的 be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于（做）某事；全心全意地（做）某事 The world is committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund. · 6. urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的 be in urgent of… 急需… The law is in urgent need of reform. It is urgent that… 紧急的是… [词形转换] 1）urge ① v. 催促；极力主张；强烈要求；驱策（动物） urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事 Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join team sports. urge sth. on/ upon sb. 强烈要求某人做某事；向某人强调某事 They urged the need for cooperation on us. ② n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 2）urgency n. 紧急；急迫 · 7. pose 1）v. ①（使）摆好姿势 pose for…（为画像或摄影而）摆好姿势 The delegates posed for a group photograph. ② 提问 pose a question 提出一个问题 He posted a good question, one that made me puzzled. ③ 造成（威胁、问题等） post a threat to… 对…造成威胁 The transmission of the disease poses a threat to the world. 2）n.（为画像、拍照等摆的）姿势 He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera. in…poses/ in a(n)…pose 以…姿势 strike a(n)…pose 摆出…姿势 [词形转换] 1）posture n. 姿势 · 8. demand 1）n. 需要，需求；要求 meet/ satisfy the/ one’s demand 满足（某人的）需求 The firm attempts to meet its customers’ demand. in demand 需要 Her books are in great demand at the moment. on demand 一经要求 Print the books on demand. 2）v.（坚决）要求；需要 This sport demands both speed and strength. demand to do sth.（坚决）要求做某事 She demanded to see the manager. [词形转换] 1）demanding adj. 要求高的；费力的；（人）要求严格的；苛求的；难满足的 · 9. victim n. 受害者；患者 fall victim to 受伤；受损；成为…的受害者；被害 It worried us that she fell victim to a rare disease. · 10. recognition n. 承认；认出；赞誉 gain/ achieve universal recognition (for)（因…）获得普遍认可 beyond/ out of recognition 认不出来 When James returned to his hometown after the war, he found it has changed beyond all recognition. in recognition of 为表彰… [词形转换] 1）recognize vt. 辨认出；赏识 recognize…as/ to be… 承认…是… be recognized as/ to be… 被认为是… Stephan Hawking was recognized to be one of the greatest scientists in the world. It is recognized that… 人们认为/意识到… It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face. · 11. alternative 1）n. 可供选择的事物 I was providing you with an alternative. have/ there is no alternative/ option/ choice but to do 除做某事以外别无选择 We had no alternative but to fire Gibson. 2）adj. 可供替代的；另类的 · 12. distribution n. 分布；分配；分发 They studied the geographical distribution of the disease. [词形转换] 1）distribute v. 分发；分配 distribute…to… 向…分发… Food and medical supplies were distributed to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. distribute…between/ among… 在…之间分配… 2）distributor n. 经销商 · 13. predict v. 预测；预言；预料 be predicted to do sth. 预计做某事 In fact, the famous glaciers are predicted to disappear by 2050. It is predicted that… 据预测… It is predicted that the demand for energy in the next decade will be doubled. [词形转换] 1）predictable adj. 可预见的 2）prediction n. 预测；预言 make (a) prediction(s) 进行预测 · 14. decrease 1）n. 减少；降低；减少量 a decrease in… 在…方面减少 There has been some decrease in the unemployment rate. on the decrease 在减少 The population of the city is on the decrease. 2）v.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 decrease by… 减少了… The magazine has decreased in size, but not in quality. decrease in… 在…方面减少 The prize of wheat is on the decrease and it is said that it has decreased by 15%. · 15. deny v. 否认；拒绝 There is no denying that… 不可否认… There is no denying that protecting the environment is of great importance. deny (doing) sth. 否认（做）某事 It can’t be denied that… 不可否认… deny sb. sth. = deny sth. to sb. 拒绝给某人某物 [词形转换] 1）denial n. 否认 · 16. quantity n. 数量；数额 a (large) quantity of/ quantities of 许多 Large quantities of food are needed in the flooded areas now. · 17. spy 1）n. 密探；间谍 2）v. 从事间谍活动；突然看见；发现 spy on sb./ sth. 暗中监视某人/某物 Managers feel it is their duty to spy on their staff to make sure what they are doing is related to their job. · 18. illegal adj. 非法的，违法的 It is illegal (for sb.) to do sth.（某人）做某事是违法的 It is illegal to sell tobacco to someone under 16. [词形转换] 1）legal adj. 合法的 · 19. bury v. 埋葬；覆盖 bury…in/ at… 把…埋在… bury oneself in 埋头于；专心致志于 = be buried in You will have to bury yourself in your study if you want to pass the exam. bury one’s head in the sand 逃避现实 As the story goes, a frightened ostrich will bury its head in the sand to make itself invisible to the hunter. [词形转换] 1）burial n. 葬礼；埋葬 · 20. conclude v. 结束，终止；推断出；断定；得出结论 conclude (sth.) with… 以…结束 conclude by doing… 以做…结束 I would like to conclude by wishing you all a happy New Year. to conclude 总而言之；最后；结论是 To conclude, I wish the summit a complete success ! It is concluded that… 结论是… It was concluded that no substantive changes were necessary. [词形转换] 1）conclusion n. 结论；推论 come to/ reach/ draw a/ the conclusion 得出结论 Scientists have come to the conclusion that the temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher. in conclusion 最后；总而言之 In conclusion, I’d like to say how much I’ve enjoyed staying in your beautiful country. 2）conclusive adj. 结论性的；不容置疑的；确凿的 They provided some fairly conclusive evidence. · 21. justice n. 公平；公正；合理 Justice has long arms. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。 do justice to sb./ sth. = do sb./ sth. justice 公平对待某人/某物 That photo doesn’t do you justice. [词形转换] 1）just ① adj. 公正的；正义的；合适的；恰当的 ② adv. 正好；恰好 That is just what I think. adv. 只是，仅仅 I came just to see you. adv. 此时；那时；眼下；正要；正准备；刚好 be just about/ going to do sth. when… 正要做某事，这时… He was just about to dive when he saw the shark. 2）justify v. 证明；为…辩护 justify doing 证明做…有道理 How can you justify not doing anything when everyone else is trying to help ? justify oneself 证明自己清白，为自己辩护 Surrounded by misunderstanding, he was at a loss for words to justify himself. 3）justification n. 正当理由 · 22. engage v. 参与，参加；吸引；雇佣，聘请 engage in (doing) sth. 参与（做）某事 Students should be encouraged to engage in more social activities. engage sb. in… 是某人参与… She tried desperately to engage him in conversation. engage sb. as… 雇佣某人为… engage one’s attention 吸引某人注意 A big white bird in the water engaged my attention. engage sb. to do 聘用某人做某事 Her parents engaged a teacher to accompany her when Helen was at the age of 7. engage with 与…建立密切关系 [词形转换] 1）engaged adj. 1）忙于；从事于 be engaged in/ on… 忙于… I was totally engaged in my study and seldom paid attention to what was going on. 2）已婚的 be/ get engaged to sb. 与某人订婚 When did you get engaged to each other ? 3）被占用的；使用中的 She rang her friend but the line was engaged. 2）engagement n. 订婚；约定；雇用 · 23. optimistic adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的 be optimistic about… 对…乐观 She is optimistic about her future and believes that her dream will come true. [词形转换] 1）optimism n. 乐观（主义） 2）optimist n. 乐观主义者；乐天派 · 24. annoyed adj. 生气的；恼怒的 be/ get annoyed with sb. about sth 对某事生某人的气 He was beginning to get very annoyed with me about my carelessness. be annoyed about/ at sth. 对某事恼火 Peter was annoyed at/ about not being invited to attend James’ party. be annoyed to do sth. 对于做某事感到生气 My brother was annoyed to see someone picking flowers in the park. be annoyed that… 对…恼怒 [词形转换] 1）annoyance n. 生气；烦恼 to one’s annoyance 让某人生气的是 2）annoy vt. 使恼怒；打扰 annoy sb. 使某人恼怒 It really annoys me when I see people dropping litter. 3）annoying adj. 讨厌的；令人气恼的 · 25. expense n. 费用；价钱；开支，花费（常用复数形式） at one’s expense 由某人承担费用 He had his book printed at his own expense. at great/ huge expense 以大价钱 at the expense of… 以损害…为代价 = at the cost of In my view, a country’s economic development shouldn’t be achieved at the expense of the environment. spare no expense 不惜任何代价 cover/ meet an expense 支付费用 go to the expense of doing 把钱花在…上 put sb. to the expense of doing 使某人负担做某事的费用 put sb. to a lot of expense 使某人花费很大 [词形转换] 1）expensive adj. 昂贵的 · 26. envy 1）v. 羡慕；妒忌 envy sb. sth. 妒忌/羡慕某人某物 It would be unfair to envy him his good fortune. envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕/妒忌某人做某事 I envy you having such a close family. 2）n. 羡慕；妒忌 with envy 羡慕地；妒忌地 They looked with envy at her latest mobile phone. be/ become the envy of… 成为令…妒忌/羡慕的对象 I’m so proud that with the rapid development of the Internet in China, our mobile payment has become the envy of other countries. be green with envy 羡慕极了 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $