2026届高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题 课件+学案

Guess the meaning If you come across new words in your reading, what will you do? Lead-in Guess the meaning Look up the dictionary Ignore them and continue reading Guess the meaning john A boy in class 7 often goes to john. →toilet The boy drinks too much water every day, so he goes to john very often. go to john context 英语阅读理解之 词义猜测题-常用解题策略与技巧 （word-guessinG） New English Curriculum Standards For Guessing Meanings of Words 新课程标准对阅读理解之猜测词义的要求 词义并非完全等同词典中所标注的汉语意思，其在不同的语境中会有所不同。根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。 context 2022-2025年高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表 2025 2024年 2023年 2022年 新高考全国I卷 1单词 Staggering 1短语 shine through 1单词 declutter 1短语 embark on 新高考全国II卷 1单词 it 1短语 In the wrong hands 1短语 relate to 1短语 hit home for me 全国甲卷 -------- 1短语 take this behavior up a notch 1短语 a dab hand 1短语 take the plunge 全国乙卷 -------- -------- 1单词 conversation 1单词 maintenance 要求猜测词义的词一般为实词（动词、名词、形容词等）。 猜词是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型。 学生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文、构词等线索确定词义。 1.考点解读 2.常用的提问方式 1. What's the meaning of the underlined word★★? 2. The word ★★ could best be replaced by ______. What does the underlined word ★★ mean / refer to？ 4. What do you think the expression ★★ stands for? 5. Which is the closest in meaning to the word ★★? 3.解题技巧 Task 1 1. Guess the meanings of the underlined words. 2. Circle the key words that help you to guess the meanings. 1.You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, China Daily, or Reader’s Digest. punctuation 标点 —— : “ ” ( ) 杂志 解题技巧自主探究 2. The purpose of the activity was to catch "ringers" who take tests for others. Attribute(clauses) 定语(从句) Appositive(clauses) 同位语 Examples: for example/instance, such as, like, including 3. His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. 4. Today young couples often spend most their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 代考；替考 语音学 家用电器 解题技巧自主探究 Attribute(clauses) 定语(从句) who,that,which... Appositive(clauses) 同位语(从句) “my dog lucky, no idea what... Examples举例 for example/instance, such as, like, including punctuation 标点 —— : “ ” ( ) 01解释说明（语法）法 解题技巧自主探究 原文：Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.” 27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden. （2016全国II卷第27题） 解题技巧自主探究 链接高考 猜测词义 1.(2024·新高考I卷) I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 2.(2024·新高考I卷) These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens... 3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. 4.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. n. 拼写检查程序 vt. 数目超过 n. 逛公园的人 a. 离线的 归 纳：由______或________词合成一个新词, 有的用_______________连接,有的________连写在一起，还有的由____________________构成，这样的构词方法叫做_______________. easy-going, old-fashioned, up-to-date somewhere, eggplant, anyone, newspaper, cowboy theme park, human rights, bus stop, post office, reading room 分开的两个词 连词符号“-”hyphen 直接 合成法 Compound 两个 多个 解题技巧自主探究 1.nationwide ____________ 2.one-to-one ___________ 3.well-educated ___________ 4.son-in-law __________ 5.somewhere____________ 6.swimming pool ___________ 7.pencil-box ___________ 8.social media_______________ 9.user-friendly ___________ 10.high-quality ____________ 11.noble-minded ___________ 12.light-green __________ 13.time-consuming ________ 14.smarphone _______ 15.good-looking ___________ 16.day-time___________ 全国的 耗时的 一对一的 女婿 游泳池 社交媒体 高质量的 高尚的 浅绿色的 Try to guess 白天 某处 易用的 好看的 铅笔盒 智能手机 受过良好教育的 解题技巧自主探究 （2024·广东湛江·统考一模）Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals into reproducing outside of the appropriate times when they would normally grow. 4. What does the underlined word “reproducing” mean? A. Produce young B. Create time C. Cause normal D. Lead to light pollution 解题技巧自主探究 一个词根加上前缀和（或）后缀构成的单词 unbelievable 词根 root 前缀 prefix 后缀 suffix 前缀：一般改变 。 后缀：一般改变 。 词义 词性 派生法 解题技巧自主探究 water the plant 转化法 Conversion 解题技巧自主探究 His hug warmed me. 02构词法 解题技巧自主探究 利用词汇的派生、合成或转化进行推测 03逻辑法 解题技巧 03“逻辑法”：利用逻辑关系词确定含义 因果关系(so/because...;therefore,...) 转折关系(but/however...; thankfully / unfortunately;) 让步关系(although/though...); 对比关系(otherwise/rather than/while/on the contrary...); ...... 解题技巧 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷） 英 语 D 　　In the wrong hands， such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code （代码） that powers AI but， thankfully， Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic， making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which， by the close， will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean？（） A.If read by someone poorly educated. B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C.If written by someone less competent. D.If translated by someone unacademic. 解题技巧 How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer,” says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood (情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort. 28. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone who ________. A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful C. has a natural talent for his job D. gets on well with his co-workers 2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语 C 解题技巧 D As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum. 33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant. 2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语 开放的；易受损害的 解题技巧 2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国Ⅱ卷)英语学科 C In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand.     B. Paint.        C. Seize. D. Transform. 解题技巧 2023年1月英语普通高等学校招生全国统一考试浙江卷  C Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” 29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Arguments.       B. Doubts.      C. Errors.      D. Differences. 解题技巧 04语境法 解题技巧 根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索猜测含义。 2024年普通高考适应性考试·九省联考  英 语 However， there are ways to win an argument every time.When you state your position,formulate （阐述） an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.When you talk with someone who takes a stand,ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness.Raise objections （异议） and listen carefully to their replies.This method will require effort,but practice will make you better at it. 30.What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　）A.Defend. B.Explain. C.Conclude. D.Repeat. 解题技巧 2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）英  语 C That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure. 解题技巧 代词类 第一步:审读题干,判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did等)具体指代词的含义，如指代单数、复数、指人，物，还是一件事等。 第二步:返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子。 第三步：将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。 05“代前/后理解”法 2024年1月浙江省普通高校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷） B 　　（2024·1月浙江卷）When was the last time you used a telephone box？ I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain.Ages ago,right?The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was ...2006.I was conducting auditions （试演） for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing,I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”. 24.What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to？（　　） A.The play. B.The shared house. C.The sofa. D.The telephone box. 解题技巧 2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国Ⅱ卷）英 语  C An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. "We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone." 30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 5 解题技巧 STAFF Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all 词义猜测的解题技巧 同义关系 构词法 指代关系 01解释说明法 定义，举例，定语，同位语，标点 04语境法 分析句子成分， 上下文语境 03逻辑关系法 转折，并列，因果关系 02构词法 合成，派生，转化 05代前/后理解法 4应用实践 Task 2 Practice Practice makes perfect. (1) Try to find some words that are worth guessing. (2) Use at least one of the skills we learnt today. (3) Set just two options(选项). (4) You can refer to the dictionary. Set questions for your classmates！ Group work 1.The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 2.Just as people in any country, Americans enjoy following the lives of celebrities like movie stars, sports heroes, famous artists, and politicians. 3.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife, however, is very thrifty. 4.The task was challenging, requiring a great deal of concentration. Also, it was arduous, demanding much effort to complete successfully. 5.Since the lady could not afford to buy the original painting, she bought a replica. 1.The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. A.shepherd B. guard 2.Just as people in any country, Americans enjoy following the lives of celebrities like movie stars, sports heroes, famous artists, and politicians. A. sincere people B. famous people Strategy 解释说明法 Explanation 3.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife, however, is very thrifty. A. economical B. professional 4.The task was challenging, requiring a great deal of concentration. Also, it was arduous, demanding much effort to complete successfully. A. tough B.magnificent 5.Since the lady could not afford to buy the original painting, she bought a replica. A. copy B. origin Strategy 转折/递进/因果关系法 Strategy “代前理解”法 6.The first book was popular for its vivid descriptions and interesting plots. That was what made it a best-seller. The second book, although written by the same author, didn't achieve the same level of success. What does “That” in the sentence refer to? A. The first book B. The vivid descriptions and interesting plots C. The author D. The popular status Homework assignment ■ Go over what we have learned in this class. ■ Apply the skills of word-guessing to further exercises. THANK YOU Lavf59.14.100 $The more you read, the more things you will know. The more you learn, the more places you’ll go. 英语阅读理解之 词义猜测题（word-guessing）-常用解题策略与技巧学案 learning aims: 1.Learn some skills to deal with the word-guessing exercises; 2.Apply the skills to relevant exercises. 新课程标准对阅读理解之猜测词义的要求 · 词义并非完全等同词典中所标注的汉语意思，其在不同的语境中会有所不同。根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。 Strategies 1. Guess the meanings of the underlined words. 2. Circle the key words that help you to guess the meanings. · Strategy one:_____________________ 1.You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, China Daily, or Reader’s Digest. 2. The purpose of the activity was to catch "ringers" who take tests for others. 3. His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. 4. Today young couples often spend most their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. Summary: 我们可以通过_____________________，_____________________（从句）_____________________（从句）或者_____________________来猜测词义。 · Strategy two:______________________________ （2016全国II卷第27题）原文：Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.” 27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden. (2024·新高考I卷) I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. (2024·新高考I卷) These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens... 3. (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. 4.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 归 纳：由______或________词合成一个新词, 有的用_______________连接,有的________连写在一起，还有的由____________________构成，这样的构词方法叫做_______________. （2024·广东湛江·统考一模）Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals into reproducing outside of the appropriate times when they would normally grow. 4. What does the underlined word “reproducing” mean? A. Produce young B. Create time C. Cause normal D. Lead to light pollution · Strategy three:“逻辑法”：利用逻辑关系词确定含义 因果关系(so/because...); 转折关系(but/however...); thankfully / unfortunately 让步关系(although/though...); 对比关系(otherwise/rather than/while/on the contrary...); ...... 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷）英 语D 　　In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code （代码） that powers AI but,thankfully,Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which,by the close,will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean？（ ） A.If read by someone poorly educated. B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C.If written by someone less competent. D.If translated by someone unacademic. 2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语C How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer,” says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood (情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort. 28. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone who ________. A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful C. has a natural talent for his job D. gets on well with his co-workers 2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语D As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum. 33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant. 2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国Ⅱ卷)英语学科C In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand.      B. Paint.         C. Seize. D. Transform. · Strategy four:“语境法”：根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测含义; 2024年普通高考适应性考试·九省联考  英 语 However， there are ways to win an argument every time.When you state your position， formulate （阐述） an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.When you talk with someone who takes a stand， ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness.Raise objections （异议） and listen carefully to their replies.This method will require effort， but practice will make you better at it. 30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　） A.Defend. B.Explain. C.Conclude. D.Repeat. 2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）英  语C That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure. · 代词类： 第一步:审读题干,判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did等)具体指代词的含义，如指代单数、复数、指人，物，还是一件事等。 第二步:返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子。 第三步：将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。 2024年1月浙江省普通高校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）B 　　（2024·1月浙江卷）When was the last time you used a telephone box?I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain.Ages ago,right?The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was ...2006.I was conducting auditions （试演） for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing，I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”. 24.What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to？（　　） A.The play. B.The shared house. C.The sofa. D.The telephone box. 2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国Ⅱ卷）英 语 C An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. "We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone." 30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. Practice:(Group work) Set questions for your classmates！ · Try to find some words that are worth guessing. · Use at least one of the skills we learnt today. · Set just two options(选项). · You can refer to the dictionary. 1.The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 2.Just as people in any country, Americans enjoy following the lives of celebrities like movie stars, sports heroes, famous artists, and politicians. 3.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife, however, is very thrifty. 4.The task was challenging, requiring a great deal of concentration. Also, it was arduous, demanding much effort to complete successfully. 5.Since the lady could not afford to buy the original painting, she bought a replica. 6.The first book was popular for its vivid descriptions and interesting plots. That was what made it a best-seller. The second book, although written by the same author, didn't achieve the same level of success. Assignment · Go over what we have learned in this class. · Apply the skills of word-guessing to further exercises. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $