Unit 12基础知识复习2025-2026学年人教版（2012）英语九年级全册

该初中英语九年级Unit 12复习讲义通过表格系统梳理单词词性与中文释义，分点解析课文核心知识点，构建“词汇-语法-语用”知识体系，并用对比表格区分易混词（如alive/living）、思维导图呈现过去完成时用法，清晰呈现重难点及内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“基础巩固-语法突破-语用提升”的三阶练习设计，如过去完成时专项练习（单选+动词填空）夯实语言能力，主题阅读拓展学习渠道培养思维品质。金句积累与错题解析帮助不同学生掌握方法，教师可据此实施分层教学，支持学生自主复习与精准提升。

九年级unit 12基础知识复习 一、单词过关 英文 词性 中文 英文 词性 中文 1. unexpected adj. 22. market n. 2. by the time 23. by the end of 3. backpack n. 24. fool n. 4. oversleep v. 25. costume n. 5. give... a lift 26. embarrassed adj. 6. block n. 27. costume party 7. in line with 28. announce v. 8. worker n. 29. spaghetti n. 9. stare v. 30. hoax n. 10. disbelief n. 31. sell out 11. above prep. 32. discovery n. 12. burn v. 33. lady n. 13. burning adj. 34. cancel v. 14. alive adj. 35. officer n. 15. airport n. 36. believable adj. 16. till prep. 37. disappear v. 17. west adv. 38. embarrassing adj. 18. cream n. 19. workday n. 20. show up 21. bean 二、词性转换 1: expect. v预期→ . n期望→ . adj预料→ . adj出乎预料的→ . adv出乎意料地 2: block. n.街区→ . v.阻碍，妨碍；堵住 3: worker. n.工作者，工人→ . n/v.工作 4: believe. v相信→ . v不相信→ . n不相信→ . adj不可思议的→ . adv不可思议地 5: burn. v.着火，燃烧→ . adj.着火的，燃烧的 6: embarrassed. adj.人感到窘迫的，尴尬的→ . adj.令人尴尬的，窘迫的→ . n.尴尬，窘迫 7: announce. v.宣布，宣告→ . n.发布，宣布 8:discovery. n.发现，发觉 → . v.首次发现，发掘 9:disappear. v.消失，不见 → . n. 消失→ . n.出现→ .v.出现 三、词组默写 九年级unit 12 基础知识复习 1. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. 充满… 3. 在…以前 4. 发生什么了？ 5. 把某物落在某地 6. 迟到 7. 闹钟发出响声 8. 一直做某事 9. 醒来 10. 穿上 11. 冲出 12. 刷牙 13. 洗脸 14. 捎某人一程 15. 至少 16. 到达 17. 正要做某事 18. 决定做某事 19. 即使 20. 与某人一起排队等待 21. 凝视 22. 怀疑地 23. 起飞 24. 盘算 25. 变成 26. 到…最后为止 27. 装扮 28. 出现 29. 各种各样的 30. 开某人玩笑 31. 尽可能多的 32. 全国各地 33. 卖光 34. 减肥 35. 超过 36. 最终处于… 37. 结婚 38. 在地球上着陆 39. 数百/千的… 40. 全国传播 41. 被…愚弄 42. 从…逃脱 43. 转身 44. 导致 45. 上交 四、课文回顾 Life is full of the unexpected.( P91) _____ May 2001, I found a job in New York______ the World Trade Center. ______ September 11, 2001, I arrived ______ my building at ______ 8:30 a.m. I was about _______(go ) up when I decided to get a coffee ________(first). I went to my favorite coffee place even though it was two blocks east ______ my office. _______I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound. Before I ______( join) the others outside ______( see) what was going on, the first plane had already _____(hit )my office building. We stared____ disbelief at the black smoke_____( rise) above the burning building. I felt lucky ____( be) alive. Almost 10 years later, I woke up at 10:00 a.m. on February 21, 2011 and realized that my alarm never went off. I jumped out ____bed and went straight to the airport. _____by the time I got to the airport, my plane to New Zealand _________(have take) off already. “This is _______(one) holiday I_________(take) in a year, and I ______(miss ) my plane. What bad luck!” I thought to myself. The other planes were full _____I had to wait till the next day. The next morning, I heard about the earthquake in New Zealand ,the day before. My bad luck had ___________(unexpected) turned into a good thing. （2b P94）April Fool’s Day is a celebration _____takes place in different countries around the world. It _________(happen) on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes ______each other. One April Fool’s Day, a reporter in England announced that there ___________( be )no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy ______(stop) growing spaghetti. Many people ran to their local supermarkets ___________(buy )as much spaghetti as they ______(can). By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti ________ the country _______________(sell) out. In Another famous trick a TV show in England reported the________( discover) of special water. They said this water______________( help )people lose weight and that one customer had already lost a lot of weight in just four months. _______ the end of the day, more than 10,000 people had phoned the TV station to find out how ________(get) this water. Many April Fool’s jokes ______(end ) up being not very funny. A famous TV star _______ invited his girlfriend onto his show on April Fool’s Day. He asked her to marry _________(he). The lady was so happy __________she really wanted to get married. However, when she said “yes” , he replied, “April Fool!” That a little joke didn’ t have a very happy ending. The TV star lost both his girlfriend and his show. One of the world’s ___________(famous )tricks, however, happened in October rather than April. In that month in 1938, actor Orson Welles announced on his radio program that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth. He described __________ they had landed and told how they____________( move) across the United States. Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country. By the time police offices announced that the story was a hoax, thousands of people__________(leave) their homes. 五、金句积累 1.Before I to the bus stop, the bus had already left.在我到达公交车站前，公交车已经开走了。 2.I go up when I get a coffee first.我即将要上去时突然决定先去买一杯咖啡。 3.We at the black smoke above the building.我们难以置信地盯着黑烟从燃烧着的建筑物上方升起。 4.My bad luck had into a good thing.我的坏运气出乎意料地成了好事。 5.When I got to school, I that I had my backpack at home.当我到学校时，我意识到我把书包留在家了。 6.Many people to their local supermarkets to buy much spaghetti they could.许多人跑去他们当地的超市买尽可能多的意大利面条。 7.Many April Fool's jokes may not very .许多愚人节的笑话可能结果不是很有趣。 8.Welles made it sound hundreds of people the story.韦尔斯使得它听起来如此真实，以至于成百上千的人相信了这个故事。 六、课文解析 Section A. 课文知识点详解 1.Life is full of the unexpected. 生活充满了意外。(标题） 【解析1】be full of = be filled with充满，装满 ①Our life is ______________chances, but there are also a lot of challenges.(充满) ②The box is_______________(装满) books. 【 解析2】 the unexpected “意外的事情”“出乎意料的事”。 英语中，有些形容词与定冠词the连用，表示一类人或事物，在句子中起名词的作用。 the homeless (无家可归者) the disabled(残疾人) 2. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. 当我出来时，公共汽车已经离开了。 (1b) 【解析】 by the time 在……以前，指从过去的某一点到从句所示的时间为止，常引导表 示过去的时间状语从句，主句常用过去完成时，即had+动词过去分词。 By the time I ________(walk) into the classroom, the teacher _______(start) ________(teach) already. 3. When I got to school, I realized I _____ my backpack at home.(1b)当我到学校时我意识到我把书包忘在家里了。 【 解析】leave sth. +地点“把某物忘在某处” forget意为“遗忘某物”，指忘记一件具体的东西，但不能有具体的地点。后跟to do (忘了要去做)或doing (忘了做过) 【拓展】 (1)leave for +地点 离开去某地 (2) leave a message 留言 ask for leave 请假 (3)leave one by oneself=leave sb alone 把某人单独留下 ①－I’m sorry, Mr. Li. I _____ my English homework at home.－Don’t forget ________ it to school tomorrow. A. left, to bring B. forgot, to take C. lost, to bring ②. Don’t forget ______ thanks when other people help you. A. accept B. to accept C. say D. to say ③. I’m sorry I ___ my exercise book at home this morning.—It doesn’t mater. Don’t forget ________ it here this afternoon. A. left; to take B. forgot; bringing C. left; to bring D. forgot; to bring 4. My alarm clock didn’t go off! 我的闹钟没响。（2d） 【解析】go off 发出响声,  (闹钟)闹响  The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了 go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步  go by “(时间)过去；消逝”  ( ) —Why were you late this morning?   —My alarm clock didn’t _____, so I overslept.     A. go by     B. go on     C. go off     D. go down 5.Carl’s day saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. Carl的爸爸在街上看到我，捎了我一程。（2d） 【解析】 give sb. a lift =give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb. “捎某人一程”， ( ) The poor old woman was standing in the middle of the road and asked someone to ___. A. give him a ride B. give her a ride C. enjoy a ride D. accept a ride 6. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.(3a) 我正要去办公室时，我决定先喝一杯咖啡。 【解析】be about to 忙于；即将做某事。 侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与when引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。 ( ) Hurry up, Tom! The train is _____ to start.    A. about  B. with C. for  D. At 7.As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound. 当我和其他的工作人员排除等候时，我听到了一声巨响(3a) 【解析】wait in line with 意为“与……排队等候”。 stand in line 站成一排cut in line 插队 8. We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building. (3a) 我们难以置信地看着燃烧的建筑物升起的黑烟。 【解析1】 stare v. 盯着看， 凝视 (表示看得比较仔细，有时候也带有吃惊的意味去看，常与at, into连用。) Don’t stare at me like that.别那样盯着我看。 【解析2】in disbelief 不相信 ，疑惑， 怀疑 结构为“in + n”，用于句尾修饰动词，相当于一个副词。类似的结构还有“in surprise, in danger, in agreement 等。 他吃惊地看着我们。_______________________________ . After hearing this news, he stared at me ________. 听到这个消息后，他满心疑惑地盯着我。 【解析3】burn v. 着火，燃烧(burnt, burnt / burned, burned) burning adj. 着火的；燃烧的 He was trapped in a burning house.   他被困在正在燃烧的房屋里。 ( ) Teachers are often compared to _____ candles.   A. burnt     B. is burning   C. burns    D. burning   【拓展】 ⑴ burn away烧掉 Half of the candle had burnt away. 蜡烛已烧掉一半了。 ⑵ burn down 渐渐烧完 The room  grew colder as the fire burnt down. 随着炉火逐渐减弱，屋里越来越冷。 9. I felt lucky to be alive.我感到很幸运能活下来。(3a) alive “有生命的，还出气的 侧重说明生与死的界限。（本会死但没死） 指人或物 放名词后面或be动词后面 people alive He is still alive living 强调健在，尚在人间 指人或物 放名词前面 living soldiers 或放在be动词后面 live 活生生的 指物，不指人 放名词前面 live broadcast 直播 lively 活泼的，充满生气的 可指人，也可指物 放名词前面 living girls 或放在be动词后面 ( ) 1. Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest writer. He is still . A. living; alive B. living; living C. alive; living D. alive; lively ( )2. —Is his grandmother still ?—Yes, she is 102 years old! A. live B. living C. alive D. lively 10. The other planes were full so I had to wait till the next day. (3a)别的飞机也满员了，因此我不得不等到第二天。  【解析】till 意为“到，直到”，相当于until.   ⑴ 用于肯定句时, 主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到……为止”。  She watched TV till her mother came back. 她看电视直到她母亲回来。 ⑵ 用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的，它所表示的动作直到till或until所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到…（才）”。 ( ) I didn’t believe he could drive ____ he told me.   A. once  B. while  C. since  D. till   ( )--Mark, you look so tired.   --Oh, I worked ____ it was 12 o’clock last night.       A. unless    B. after    C. till    D. as  4. - The air pollution is terrible - It will be worse ________ we take action to protect the environment. A. if B. unless C. until D. when Section B课文知识点详解 11. fool. 【解析1】fool (1) n. 傻子 呆子  (2) v. 愚弄 欺骗 →foolish adj. 愚蠢的 on April Fool’s Day 愚人节 make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人 What do you do on April_________(Fool) Day?②I was _________(fool) enough to believe what he told me. 【解析2】embarrass v 使尴尬→embarrassed adj. 尴尬的(用来修饰人)→embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的（（修饰物） ①She was ____when they kept telling her how clever she was. A. embarrass B. embarrassed C. embarrassing 12.the other kids showed up (1d) 【解析】show up 出席 【短语】：on show =on display 展览 show off 炫耀 show sb. around 带某人参观 show sb. sth=show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 ( )①Why didn’t you show ___at the meeting yesterday? We kept waiting for a long time. A. up B. around C. off D. on ( ) ②He didn’t show _______ until the meeting was over. A. on B. out C. in D. up 13. It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other. 愚人节是每年的四月一日，在这一天，人们互相捉弄开各种玩笑。(2b) 【解析】play tricks on sb. “捉弄某人”， play jokes on sb.“对某人开玩笑 ” ( ) It's impolite to laugh at, stare at or play _____on disabled people   A. fun    B. jokes     C. tricks    D. parts 【拓展】laugh at 嘲笑make fun of 取笑；使……开玩笑 14. Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy buy as much as spaghetti as they could. 很多人跑到当地的超市抢购尽可能多的意大利面条。(2b) 【解析】as +形容词/副词的原级+ as sb. can / could 意为“尽可能地……”，在句中作状语。 as +形容词/副词的原级+ as sb. can / could = as + 形容词/副词原级+ as possible. 1）. 我已经把书尽可能多地给你送来了。I have sent you ___ ____ ____ ____ ____. 2） . 这只猫想要尽快吃掉这些食物。 The cat wants to eat out the food __ __ __ __ 15. By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out(2b) 当人们意识到这是个骗局时，全国所有的意大利面都销售一空了 【解析】sell out 卖光 （用物作主语时，常用于被动语态 be sold out） 【拓展】out 构成的短语： give out 分发 hand out 分发 work out 得出结果 run out of 用完 go out 出去 find out 查明 look out 当心 take out 拿出 ( ) — Do you have Nokia E72 mobiles? — Sorry, they have been ____ . You may come next time. A. given out B. looked out C. sold out D. come out 16. By the end of the day, more than 10,000 people had phoned the TV station to find out how to get the water. 一天之内有一万多人打电话给电视台，询问如何弄到这种水。(2b) 【解析】find out “找出，查明，弄清楚”，后可接名词名词性短语或宾语从句 【辨析】find out, look for 与 find (1)find out 强调经过调查、询问、研究等曲折过程后才能找出。如： (2)look for 意为“寻找”，强调寻找的过程。 (3)find 意为“发现，找到”，强调寻找的结果。 【易错题】 42. The policemen will go to_________the truth.　 A. find B. find out　 C. decide　　　 D. look for 17.Many April Fool’s jokes may end up being not very funny.(2b) 【解析】end up (doing sth.)（以…）结束；最终成为；最后处于 The boats take different routes, but they all____ in the same place. A.give up B. clear up C. end up D. make up 18. He asked her to marry him. 他向她求婚。(2b) 【解析】marry v嫁娶 (1)A marry B. “A 与B结婚”Bill married Mary on January 1, 1994. (2) A and B get married = A and B are married A和B结婚 get married 结婚 Kate and Tom get married last year. (3) marry A to B “ 把A 嫁给B” She married her daughter to a rich man. (4) be married to sb 与……结婚 ①.My aunt got_____________(marry) last year. ②.When did Sue and Jack______________ ③ — Betty, did your son get married in the year 2000.— Yes , he _____ for about eight years. A. has married B. has been married C. has got married D. was married 19.In that month in 1938, actor Orson Welles announced on his radio program that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth. 在1938年的那个月，演员奥森.威尔斯在他的广播节目中宣布火星人已经登陆地球。(2b) 【解析1】 land on 意为“着陆；降落于”，反义词组为take off 20. Wells made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country. (2b) 威尔斯说得如此逼真，以至于数以百计的人相信了这个故事，恐怖席卷了整个国家 【解析】 hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的 【2014重庆中考B卷】. Yesterday _______ people came to the town to watch the car race. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundred of 21. How did you feel about this day? 今天你感觉怎么样？(3a) 【解析1】How do you feel about…? = What do you think of…?= How do you like…? “你怎样看待……?” 用于提问对方对某事物的观点 How do you feel about the talk show? 【解析2】 “take off ”“起飞”。 Be careful! The plane is going to land on the airport. 小心点！飞机马上要降落于飞机场了 【拓展】与off相关的短语 keep off 隔离 drop off 放下，下车 take off 脱下，（飞机起飞 set off 出发，开始 hurry off 匆匆离开 turn off 关上，关闭 【2013福建福州】Remember to_________ _______(关掉)the tap when you are not using it. 【2013福建泉州】—Mom, it's too hot today. —Oh, dear!, Why don't you_________(脱下)your sweater? 22.I’m so glad that I cancel my plan to go to the market. 我如此高兴以至于我取消了去市场的计划。(self Check) 【解析】so … that … “那么(表程度)、如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 ⑴ 当that从句是否定结构，that从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，可用too … to …替换。不相同时，可用too … for sb. to do…替换。 The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. = _________________________________________________. The suit was so expensive that I could not afford it. = __________________________________________________. ⑵ 当that从句是肯定结构，that从句的主语与主句的不相同时，可用…enough for sb. to do …替换。相同时，可用…enough to do…替换。 He ran so slowly that I could catch up with him. = _____________________________________________________________. He ran so fast that he won the race. = ______________________________________________________________. 23. 辨析：happen 与take place (1)“sth.＋happen＋地点/时间”，意为“某地/某时发生了某事”。如： An accident_________________ in that street.那条街发生了一起事故。 What's ______________________outside？外面发生什么事了？ (2)“sth.＋happen to＋sb.”意为“某人出了某事(常指不好的事发生在某人身上)”。如： A car accident _________________________yesterday.昨天他发生了交通事故。 What ___________________________？(＝What was wrong/the matter with you？)你怎么啦？ (3)“sb.＋happen＋to do sth.”意为“某人碰巧做某事”。如： I ___________________________ in the street.我碰巧在街上遇见她了 (4)happen常指具体的事情的发生，特别指那些偶然的“发生”。 后接不定式时，表示“碰巧；恰好”之意。如： take place 通常指事先计划或预料到的“发生”。 还可表示“举行”的意思。如： Great changes ___________________________ in China since 1980.自1980年以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。 The sports meeting will ___________________________in our school.运动会将在我校举行。 过去完成时 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：have/has + done 4.否定形式：have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句：have或has提前 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即"过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）"。 　　----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 　　那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　 　　构成：过去完成时由"助动词 had + 过去分词"构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 　　They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 　　She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 　 二、过去完成时的判断依据 　　1. 由时间状语来判定 　　一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： 　　（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。 　　如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 　　（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。 　　如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 　　（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。 　　如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 　　2. 由"过去的过去"来判定。 　　过去完成时表示"过去的过去"，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： 　　（ 1 ）宾语从句中 　　当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： 　　She said that she had seen the film before. 　　（ 2 ）状语从句中 　　在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： 　　When I got to the station, the train had already left. 　　After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 　　注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如： 　　Where did you study before you came here? 　　After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 　　（ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" 　　We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 　　3. 根据上、下文来判定。 　　I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. 　 　三、过去完成时的主要用法　 　　1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在"过去的过去"。如： 　　When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 　　我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在"过去的过去"） 　　2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是"过去的过去"，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如： 　　He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) 　　3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。 　如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 　　Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 　　4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。 　　如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能） 　　 四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 　　现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为"助动词 have (has) + 过去分词"；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调"过去的过去"，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较： 　　I have learned 1000 English words so far. 　　到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 　　I had learned 1000 English words till then. 　　到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 　　- I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 　　- Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 　　没什么，我只等了几分钟。（"等"的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） 　　- John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 　　- Where had he been?[来源:Zxxk.Com] 　他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即"过去的过去"） 　 　五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别[来源:学科网] 　　虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 　　1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调"过去的过去"；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较： 　　They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 　　They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 　　2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如： 　　She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 　　3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如： 　　He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper 　　I (had) called her before I left the office. 过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等：[来源:Z。xx。k.Com] 　　I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来，但有事就没有来。 　　I had intended to speak, but time did not permit. 我本想发言，但时间不允许。 　　We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you didn’t. 我们本想你来看我们的，但你没有来。 过去完成时练习题 1. 单项选择 　　1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. 　　A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 　　2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? 　　A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 　　3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 　　A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 　　4. She ______lived here for ______ years. 　　A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 　　5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. 　　A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 　　6. She said she __________ the principle already 　　A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 　　7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. 　　A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 　　8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. 　　A. has completed university B. has completed the university 　　B. had completed an university D. had completed university 　　9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. 　　A. for B. in C. by D. at 　　10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. 　　A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 　　11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? 　　A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 　　12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. 　　A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 　　13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge. 　　A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 　　14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football. 　　A. a…the B. the… the C. / …the D. the…/ 　　15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words. 　　A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 　　16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom. 　　A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 　　17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000. 　　A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living 　　18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago. 　　A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived 　　19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.[来源:Zxxk.Com] 　　A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned 　　20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour. 　　A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished 　　21. The man ________ his coat and went out. 　　A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on 　　22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18. 　　A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works 　　23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV. 　　A .fell asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watched 　　C. fell asleep……was watching D. had fallen asleep…watched 2.用动词的适当形式填空 　　1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in. 　　2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die). 　　3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave). 　　4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive). 　　5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed. 　　6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call. 　　7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice. 　　8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake. 　　9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall. 　　10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house. 　　11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave). 　　12.We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term. 　　13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework. 　　14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do) 　　15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (go) there before. 　　16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet. 　　17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher. 　　18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before. 　　19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times. 　　20.She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing). 本单元重点知识讲解▼ 1. By the time I got outside, the bus hand already left. 1 介词by的主要用法 a. 通过某种抽象的方式和手段 He makes a living by writing. (思考：与with的区别) b. 由，被表被动 That movie was directed by Zhang Yimou. c. 乘坐某种交通工具 He often goes to school by bus. (思考：与in，on的区别) d. 靠近（表位置）They live by a road. e. 将近，临近（表时间相当于：not later than, before） You must be home by 11:00 p.m.. By the time we woke up, mum had already cooked for us. (by和表过去的时间连用时，动词一般用过去完成时)。 Practice▼ 1. He went to school______ his father’s car this morning. A. in B. on C. with D. by 2. By the time of last term, we ____ over 2000 English words. A. have learned B. had learned C. were learning D. learned 3. They are walking _____ the river. A. across B. in C. on D. by 4. You can cut the banana into pieces _____ this knife. A. with B. in C. on D. by 2. Leave的主要意思，用法如下： a. 离开（v.） I leaves my home for work at 7:30. b. 留给（v.）You can leave your pet dog with your parents, they can look after it. c. 遗留 （v.）His father left him nothing when he died. d. 遗忘（v.）常用搭配为leave sth +地点: He left his key at home. e. 假期 （n.）She asked for a day’s leave yesterday. Practice▼ 5. On Monday morning, John got up late. So by the time he got to the bus stop, the bus_______ A. left B. leaved C. had leaved D. had left 6. Don’t forget ____ it to school tomorrow, please. A. forget; to take B. left; to bring C. forgot to bring D. left; to taken 3. All of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out. V+out 短语总结： Give out分发；发放 hand out分发；发放 work out 得出（结果；总数等） run out of 用光；耗尽 go out 出去；熄灭 find out 查明；弄清 look out 当心 take out 拿出 4. Life is full of the unexpected. The+adj.用法小结： a. The+adj.表示某一类型的人。 The rich富人 the poor 穷人 the blind 盲人 the sick 病人 the old 老人 He set up a school for the deaf and the dumb. 他创建了一所聋哑学校。 b. The +分词形容词表示某一类型的人 The wounded伤员 the killed 被杀者 c. The+国籍形容词表示全体国民 the English 英国人 Practice▼ 1. In the novel, the hero stole from_____ to give to ____ A. a rich; a poor B. rich; poor C. the rich; the poor D. riches; poors 2. Those of us who are sighted don’t understand____________________________（盲人的问题）。 5. My alarm clock didn’t go off! 这句话中的go off是什么意思？ _______________ Bob went off alone. 这句话中的go off是什么意思？ _______________ Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 这句话中的go off是什么意思？ _______________[来源:Z§xx§k.Com] 请总结以下短语的中文意思： Go against go ahead go away go down Go bad go out go back go through Go over go well go along go after go all out 6. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first 注意：be about to do的后面不能接具体的时间做状语，但能接when引导的时间状语从句作状语。 Practice▼ My father ______ turn on the TV when the power was off. A． was going to B. was about to C. will D. was to 本单元课堂小练▼ 1． 单项选择 1. _______the plane_______, the doctors had already been there. A. On the time; lands B. In the time; landing C. At times; had landed D. By the time; landed 2. The street lights come on at dusk and _______ at dawn. A. go down B. go up C. go off D. go out 3. The boy sat on the curb and watched the cars__________. A. go by B. go off C. go down D. go on 4. You should keep the window _______ because the room is too hot. A. open B. opening C. opened 5. The boats take different routes, but they all ______ in the same place. A. give up B. clear up C. end up D. make up 6. It’s impolite to ______ in line, we should _____ in line. A, cut; wait B. keep; keep C. wait; keep 7. We all know the sun______ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. rising 8. The ______waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.” A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 9. If you want to make your dream______ reality, you should work even harder. A. turn up B. turn into C. turn on D. turn to 10. She had to _____ her share of the company. A. sell out B. bring out C. take out D. make out 11. I left my keys in the room yesterday, I had to get in ______the window. A. in B. through C. over D. to 12. She _____ a towel on the sand and lay on it. A. spread B. teach C. combine D. start 2． 完形填空 A little boy named Harry became very ill. He had to lie in bed all day, unable to move. He spent his days feeling   36  and blue. There wasn’t much he could do except look out of the   37  . Time passed, and his illness frustrated him. Until one day he saw a strange   38    in the window. It was a penguin eating a sausage sandwich. The penguin got in  39   the open window, and said “good afternoon” to Harry, turned around, and   40   quickly. Of course, Harry was very   41  . He was still trying to work out what had happened. Outside his window he saw a monkey busy blowing up a balloon. At first Harry asked himself  42   that could possible be, but after a while, as more and more crazy – looking   43   appeared outside the window he couldn’t help   44   and found it hard to stop. An elephant jumped on a stone, or a dog wore a pair of glasses and acted in a   45   way. The little boy didn’t tell anyone about this. Those strange characters ended up putting joy back in his heart, and in his body. Before long, his health had 46 so much that he was able to go back to school again. There he told his classmates all that he had   47  . While he was talking to his best friend, he saw   48    coming out of his friend’s school bag. Harry asked his friend what it was, and he was so insisted(坚持) that   49    his friend had to show him what was in the bag. There, inside, were all the things that his best friend had been using to try to   50   the little boy. And from that day on, Harry always did h is best to make sure that no one felt sad and alone. 36. A. happy     B. sad     C. excited    D. cool 37. A. roof     B. hole     C. window    D. wall 38. A. photo     B. painting    C. sign     D. shape 39. A. above     B. below     C. over     D. through 40. A. left      B. slept     C. flew     D. drove 41. A. annoyed    B. surprised    C. bored     D. tired 42. A. what     B. which     C. when     D. when 43. A. people     B. students    C. children    D. characters 44. A. crying     B. laughing    C. running    D. coughing 45. A. funny     B. rude     C. Dull     D. Strict 46. A. frown     B. improved    C. increased    D. developed 47. A. acted     B. heard     C. experienced    D. dreamed 48. A. something    B. anything    C. nothing    D. everything 49. A. quickly     B. suddenly    C. immediately   D. finally 50. A. cheer up    B. give up    C. make up    D. put up 三．阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出适当的选项补全短文。 Students in Japan are trying a new kind of traveling. In the past they could only go to the museums. That was boring for the teenagers. They often went by bus. Many of them felt asleep in the museum. _1.____       They can go to factories, villages and many other places they like. They explore the great outdoors and learn from the society and some of them even go to far away places. Experiential education (体验式教育)is now very popular in North America. _2_._         Just look at the JTB, Japan’s biggest travel agency. It has more than 300 different travel programmes for students and schools. More than 25 schools have taken part in the programmes since 2001. _3._____        They travel to fishing villages in Kyushu, Japan villages in Hawaii, and farming villages in China. Some even go to English classes in England. Wherever they go, they enjoy helping disabled(残疾)people. __4.____        By doing so, they learn how to take care of others. It’s an experience that students will never forget. Travelling in Japan also does good for the farmers and fishermen. Fishing and farming villages have hard time in modern Japan. _5.____       Visitors and group of students’ coming every year bring them a lot of money and a better life. A.   They help these people get around. B.   It is also becoming more and more popular in Japan. C . But now they can go out of doors. D.   Now they can have people visit their villages E.   The museums are very beautiful. F.   Where are the students going ? 五．任务型阅读    People have sailed (航行) around the world in quite small boats.  It is not an easy thing to do. Sometimes the weather gets bad.  That can be the end of a boat, and the end of everyone in it.  Accidents can happen easily and quickly.      One family once had an accident with some big fish.  The fish swam under their boat and bit (咬) holes in it.   The sea water came in,  of course,  and the boat soon sank (沉没).  Hr,  these people had another small boat-a lifeboat,  and they all got into that.  They lived and hoped for many days.  They ate and slept, and they always hoped.  At last a ship found them.      How do people live in a very small lifeboat? Perhaps for weeks or months? They must be strong in every way. They must have hope-they want to live. But you cannot cat and drink hope.      You cannot drink sea water. Drink a lot of sea water and you will quickly die. Sailors (海员)  can drink rain water. They must catch rain water in their boat. They must also catch fish and birds for food.  Lifeboats do not carry a cooker (炊具), and so the sailors cannot cook their food.  Raw fish (生鱼) and bird meat is not very nice. But there is no other choice in a lifeboat The sailors must eat raw food, or they will die.      What do people think about in a life boat They think about land, a warm bed, dry clothes, fresh water and food. Small boat The result An Example The living condition (条件) The 4________to be alive It can 1__________ easily and quickly ▲The fish swam under the small boat and bit holes in it. ▲Water came in. ▲The boat soon sank and they got into a lifeboat ▲They can only drink rainwater 2_____ seawater, or they will die quickly. ▲They have to eat food 3______ cooking People have 5______ to live. 课后加练+主题阅读 阅读下面短文，在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。 My love of building things began when I was a kid. It wasn’t until I 1 about Thomas Edison, though, that I really became excited about inventing. When I was in fourth grade, our teacher gave us a 2 . We had to write to a company and learn about the products it made. Each student would then give a report in front of the class. I 3 the Thomas A．Edison Company. Soon after I wrote to the company, our postman, 4 a package to me. It contained a book about the life of Thomas Edison. How I 5 reading and rereading about his inventions! The ones that 6 me most were movies, recorded sound, and the electric light. Edison became my hero. My dad noticed my interest in inventing and 7 me. He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and, finally, into new things. Together, my dad and I repaired radios and televisions. Once, I made a 8 to adjust (调整) the brakes (刹车片) of our car. This surprised my dad so much. Later, we found a similar tool in a store. That’s when I learnt that 9 inventors often invent similar things. It is not 10 for this to happen. I also learnt that not all great ideas work. 11 is a common part of the inventing 12 . As my father and I worked together, I began to 13 that my dad was quite an inventor himself. His guiding hands, together with my 14 in inventing, led me to become an engineer and inventor. But I am 15 to Thomas Edison, too, for first lighting that bulb (电灯泡) inside me. 1．A．cared B．worried C．heard D．learnt 2．A．project B．lesson C．surprise D．present 3．A．joined B．owned C．started D．chose 4．A．opened B．offered C．sent D．lent 5．A．enjoyed B．minded C．avoided D．hated 6．A．alarmed B．interested C．controlled D．scared 7．A．rewarded B．doubted C．comforted D．encouraged 8．A．tool B．idea C．mistake D．trick 9．A．young B．different C．famous D．real 10．A．common B．right C．imperfect D．unusual 11．A．Imagination B．Failure C．Happiness D．Creativity 12．A．situation B．movement C．process D．exam 13．A．hope B．remember C．realize D．consider 14．A．honor B．difficulty C．experience D．interest 15．A．thankful B．polite C．true D．useful 请阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Many volunteers help older people learn to use smart phones. But for all their goodwill, the service has some flaws (缺陷). It 1 a lot of time and energy. What’s more, older people 2 forget what they have learned. Then the volunteers have to do the 3 work again and again. Liu Siyuan from Beijing 101 Middle School noticed these problems and tried to solve 4 with a handbook. The 16-year-old boy 5 a volunteer group called Silver Hair. Its seven members spent half a year writing a 300-page 6 called May I Show You How to Use Smartphones. The group members made a survey of more than 1,000 7 people. And they talked with many in nursing homes and wanted to find out 8 the elderly cared most about smartphones. “How to use WeChat” topped the 9 as the app covers many parts of life such as chatting, money transferring (转账) and health code (健康码) checking. These 10 one part of the book. The other nine parts include the basic 11 of smart phones, such as online shopping, online maps and more. To make the book more 12 for older readers, Liu also made the pages light yellow and the characters (字体) big. “Many older people are not willing to use smart phones at first, 13 they are familiar with books, which can make them more willing to learn.” said Liu. The Silver Hair members have printed out 500 14 and handed them all out. They also hope for monetary support 15 the public so they can print more and help more people. 1．A．takes B．spends C．pays D．costs 2．A．slowly B．easily C．seriously D．cheaply 3．A．different B．same C．difficult D．creative 4．A．it B．one C．them D．ones 5．A．missed B．refused C．discussed D．started 6．A．book B．newspaper C．magazine D．instruction 7．A．smarter B．younger C．older D．poorer 8．A．why B．who C．how D．what 9．A．school B．list C．class D．grade 10．A．make up B．fix up C．hand out D．care about 11．A．pictures B．programs C．activities D．uses 12．A．expensive B．important C．friendly D．private 13．A．and B．but C．so D．or 14．A．dollars B．records C．copies D．pieces 15．A．from B．in C．for D．with Hasna Kourda grew up on an island in Tunisia where her grandmother taught her the strong values of looking after old things. “Clothes can be reused continuously,” Kourda says. A large bag made from old clothes by her grandmother is still used by her parents today. Kourda has brought these values into a project that she hopes to change the relationship people have with their clothes—and benefit the environment in the process. The clothing industry is considered to be responsible for 8%~10% of global carbon emissions (碳排放), according to the UN. As the world races to meet its promises to limit carbon emissions to net zero by the middle of the century, the clothing industry has a huge job to play its part. Kourda is among those who hope to help do that. Her way is to encourage people to look for new ways of using the clothing they already have rather than buying something new. Her company, Save Your Wardrobe (衣柜) , uses technology to help people go shopping in their own wardrobes. The company uses computer software to build a digital image (形象) of a user’s wardrobe—people can either take pictures of clothes or allow Save Your Wardrobe to check their online shopping history. It then advises how to create new clothes as well as connecting users to repair services and environmentally friendly dry cleaning services. In October, the company began to work with the German company Zalando, which will use Save Your Wardrobe technology to offer customers aftercare for their clothes. “Our goal” says Kourda, “is to use technology to guide users to reconnect with the clothes of their wardrobe and make the most out of it, finally encouraging them to buy less and better.” Save Your Wardrobe is just one of a huge number of companies using new technology to make a difference in the clothing industry. From encouraging new ways of buying clothes, to making it possible for clothes to be recycled at the end of their life, the clothing world could look very different by the time we reach 2045. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Kourda was raised by her grandmother. B．Kourda’s family has valued old things in life. C．Kourda’s grandma reused clothes to make money. D．Kourda’s parents are too poor to buy new clothes. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How Kourda guides users to do online shopping. B．Why Kourda’s company works with other companies. C．How Kourda’s company helps to limit carbon emissions. D．Why Kourda builds a digital image of the users’ wardrobes. 3．What is the goal of Save Your Wardrobe? A．To help users buy cheaper wardrobes. B．To check users’ online shopping history. C．To encourage users to buy less and better clothes. D．To connect users to repair and dry cleaning services. 4．Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A．People will stick to old traditions of buying clothes. B．Customers might need less service for their clothes soon. C．Save Your Wardrobe will create more clothes in the future. D．The clothing industry might be more environmentally friendly. ①A new form of transport will be with us in the next few years—flying taxis. Many of us grew up watching sci-fi (科幻) movies with flying taxis. They are now becoming science fact. ②The Japanese airline ANA teamed up with a US tech start-up called Joby Aviation. The two companies want to start producing flying taxis at the 2025 World Expo in Osaka. They are now working together on building the flying taxi. They also need to work out what traffic rules the taxis will need to follow, and what kind of training flying taxi pilots will need. The five-seat, all-electric taxi will be able to take off and land freely. It will fly about 300 kilometers an hour. ③Joby’s CEO said the taxis would be good for the environment. He told reporters, “Joby helps people save time while cutting down their carbon footprint (碳排放量). Japan offers us a good chance to do that with 92% of the population living in cities, and Tokyo being one of the top 20 busiest cities in the world.” The president of ANA, Koji Shibata, was also excited about the project. He said, “ANA has 70 years of experience. It can offer safe flights (飞行) to customers across the world. Also, it is able to offer them the chance to travel fast. From an international airport to the center of a city is very popular.” The two companies successfully tested a flying taxi for the first time in 2020. They plan to start the world’s first flying taxi service at the 2024 Paris Olympics. ④So, the flying taxi is closer to our life. People’s dream of taking a flying taxi will soon come true. 1．The meaning of the underlined phrase “teamed up” is close to “________”. A．worked together B．made up C．came up D．was careful 2．What do they need to do to start producing flying taxis at the 2025 World Expo in Osaka? ①Build the flying taxi. ②Work out traffic rules the taxis will follow. ③Decide how many seats will be offered in the taxi. ④Decide what kind of training flying taxi pilots will need. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 3．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Environment is important for people. B．Flying taxis have a lot of advantages. C．Tokyo is a big city with lots of flying taxis. D．ANA can offer safe flights to customers across the world. 4．How is the text organized? A． B． C． D． 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入小题横线上的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Japanese researchers have invented a special kind of electric chopsticks recently. 1 So the chopsticks can help people take in less salt while they are enjoying delicious food. 2 The chopsticks are connected to a small device (装置) worn by the eater. Weak electricity carries sodium ions (钠离子) from food through the chopsticks to the mouth. They’ll create a sense of saltiness in the mouth. As a result, the salty taste increases by 1.5 times. The traditional diet in Japan is salty.   3 That is twice the amount (数量) one should take in according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Too much salt intake may lead to high blood pressure and some other illnesses. 4 “If we try to avoid taking in too much salt in the usual ways, we need to delete a lot of our favorite food from our food list. Or we have to eat tasteless food,” the researcher said. Now, the electric chopsticks provide us with another way to take in less salt. How amazing the electric chopsticks are! You may be looking forward to using them. 5 The scientists are improving their chopsticks and hope to have them ready to sell as early as next year. A．He has also invented a television screen that allows people to taste different foods. B．The chopsticks can make food taste saltier. C．To stay away from these illnesses, we need to eat less salt. D．How do the chopsticks work? E．But now they are not available in the market. F．A Japanese adult usually eats about 10 grams of salt each day. G．When were the electric chopsticks invented? 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It’s reported that there are about 17 million blind people in China. And among them, around 9 million people need to go to work. 1 . For example, crossing the street can be really difficult. 2 ? An easy way is probably by having a guide dog. However, the problem is that there are only about 200 guide dogs in China. Then what can help fix the situation? A smart harness (智能背带) called Biped can do the job. 3 . The harness uses the same technology that allows self-driving cars to drive around obstacles (障碍物). Most obstacles are silent but dangerous. The harness can warn blind people to avoid obstacles with 3D sounds. And the closer the user gets to obstacles, 4 . The harness can also give directions through GPS. As a result, Biped can help the blind move around more easily and independently. Thanks to Biped, the life of the blind is becoming easier. 5 . A．We believe that their lives will be further improved with the science and technology B．They must have many difficulties in their daily lives C．How can their lives become a little bit easier D．the louder the sounds become E．It’s developed by a Swiss Company F．the healthier they may be G．Why can’t they work well 阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式（每空最多不超过三个单词）。 Today almost everyone knows computers and the Internet. The first computer was 1 (invent) in 1946. It was very big but it worked 2 (slow). Today computers are getting smaller and smaller, but they work faster and faster. What can computers do? A writer has said, “People can’t live 3 computers today.” The Internet came about twenty-five years 4 (late) than computers. But now it can 5 (find) almost everywhere. We can use it to read books, write letters, play computer games or make friends. Many students enjoy 6 (use) the Internet very much. They make friends on the Internet and maybe they have never seen these friends. They don’t know 7 (they) real names, ages, or even sexes (性别). They are so 8 (interest) in making the “unreal friends” 9 they can’t put their hearts into study. Many of them can’t catch up with others in many 10 (subject) because of that. We can use computers and the Internet to learn more about the world. But at the same time, we should remember that not all the things can be done by computers and the Internet. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There is a story in the book History as a Mirror (《资 治 通鉴》) by the Chinese 1 (history) Sima Guang. Zhi Xuanzi was the head of a big clan (宗族) in the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period. He wanted a clan member, Zhi Yao, to be the next ruler. However, another man in the clan, Zhi Guo, was in 2 (agree) about it. Zhi Guo first 3 (list) five advantages of Zhi Yao. For example, he was good at riding and shooting. He was born 4 the ability to make decisions. But then Zhi Guo said that he almost had no disadvantages except one serious problem: his morals (道德). He never talked to others 5 (polite) and had 6 unkind heart. Still, Zhi Xuanzi didn’t accept Zhi Guo’s suggestions. Zhi Yao became the head of the clan. He quickly made it the strongest in Jin with his abilities of leadership. However, 7 of his disadvantages, three other clans pulled together to fight against the Zhi clan. The Zhi clan ended up 8 (be) beaten. From the story above, Sima Guang thought one’s morals are the most important. Talent is not enough. He said that excellent people 9 (have) both talent and virtue (德行). Those who have virtue but no talent couldn’t work well. Those who have talent but no virtue might not use their talent properly. Those who have both 10 (call) xiancai (贤才) in ancient times. Umbrellas could be one of the world’s most important inventions. The first umbrella was invented over four thousand years ago. Umbrellas were used on sunny days at first. Chinese people were the first to use their umbrellas on rainy days. They waxed (给……打蜡) their paper umbrellas so that they could be used when it was raining. The word “umbrella” comes from the Latin word, umbra. It means shade (背阴). Starting in the 16th century, the umbrella became popular in the Western world, especially in northern Europe, where it often rains. At first, people thought that the umbrella was only suitable for women. Then a famous English traveler, Jonas Hanway (1712-1786), carried and used an umbrella in England for thirty years. Because of him, men began to use umbrellas. In Europe, early umbrellas were made of wood and covered with canvas (帆布). People used very hard wood to make umbrella handles. In 1852, Samuel Fox invented a new kind of umbrella with ribs (伞骨) made of steel. Samuel also started a company called English Steels Company. After that, compact collapsible (可叠) umbrellas were the next important step in umbrella production. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．Was the first umbrella invented three thousand years ago? 2．Who first used their umbrellas on rainy days? 3．What did Jonas Hanway do? 4．What were early umbrella handles made of in Europe? 5．What does the writer mainly talk about? 回答问题 请阅读下面的短文，根据所提供的信息，回答问题，并将答案写在相应题目的答题位置上。 Long time ago, people from other cultures used their hands to eat food, while the ancient Chinese invented chopsticks to keep their hands clean. Early chopsticks were used mainly for cooking until 400 A．D．when people began eating with chopsticks. We don’t know exactly when chopsticks were invented. There’s a research showing that they didn’t come into wide use until about 300 B．C． Chinese thinker Confucius was an important person in the history of chopsticks, because he thought peace would not appear if people used knives during a meal. The “no-knives-on-the-table” rule led to a big change in Chinese cooking. Food had to be cut into small pieces. This was the birth of Chinese cooking and it has made Chinese food popular around the world. However, many Westerners find it difficult to use chopsticks. Eric, a foreign teacher, had the experience of learning to use chopsticks. “I need to hold them properly to be able to put the food carefully into my mouth.” Eric’s Chinese friends taught him patiently, but it still took him months to learn this skill. “But it’s worth learning. I have learned a lot from this experience,” Eric said. Cultures can often be understood through food. For Chinese, food doesn’t just provide energy. It also brings happiness. And chopsticks also mean a lot. As a good example of Chinese culture, they show the Chinese wisdom (智慧). 1．Why did the ancient Chinese invent chopsticks? 2．Who thought peace would not appear if people used knives during a meal? 3．What led to a big change in Chinese cooking? 4．How do many Westerners feel about using chopsticks? 5．For Chinese, which do chopsticks show, energy or wisdom? 1． The Chinese poem into English and many foreigners spoke highly of it. (translate） 2． Students into to two teams before they started the basketball game. (divide) 3． Big warm are really helpful for those in trouble. (hug) 4． Victor coughed (bad), so he had to go to see the doctor. 5． These carrots by the lovely rabbit yesterday. (dig) 6． She seemed (relax) and confident before the match. 7． When movies were first created , they are just (move) pictures. 8． The (popular) of private cars is changing the people’s life style. 9． I think many inventions are very (help). 10．We must pay attention to our (safe) when we cross the street. $