精品解析：2026届广东省高三上学期模拟预测英语试题

广东省2026届普通高中毕业班第二次调研考试 英语 本试卷共8页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡写上考生姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号等相关信息。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内;如需改动的，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A If you’re concerned about the cost of gas and the environmental impact of gas-powered cars, and don’t want to worry about the charging challenges associated with the pure electric vehicle (EV), it’s time to take a closer look at a hybrid (混合的) electric vehicle (HEV). While salespeople might simply advise you to “plug in daily and use gas for longer trips,” understanding the underlying mechanics is key to determining if an HEV truly fits your needs. Essentially, an HEV offers you the best of gas cars and EVs. An HEV has two sources of power: an internal combustion (燃烧) engine (ICE) and at least one electric motor. There are two main types of HEV: parallel (并联式) hybrid and series hybrid. The parallel hybrid (PHEV) aims to keep the core designs of the conventional gas-powered vehicles while lowering the operation costs and improving the environmental performance. Reduced to its basics, its system uses ICE and electric motors to power the wheels — either together or independently. This structure performs reliably on long-distance journeys and complex road conditions, where the combustion engine operates efficiently. In the case of series hybrid (SHEV), the vehicle runs only on electricity, which is from the battery. When the battery is exhausted, the ICE switches on — not to drive the wheels directly, but to power the generator and charge the battery. This setup offers smoother and quieter driving operation which is similar to pure electric vehicles. It’s generally more eco-friendly, and further reduces the cost of use. In today’s market, conventional gas cars are going significantly cheaper, while stylish pure electric vehicles have become symbols of modern status. The HEV, striking a practical balance between these two extremes, certainly deserves a closer look. Properties Parallel Hybrid Series hybrid Urban Efficiency Lower Higher Highway Efficiency Higher Lower Fuel Consumption Higher Lower Power Performance Higher Lower Sales Price Lower Higher 1. What is an advantage of HEVs compared with other types of vehicles? A. They’re simpler in design. B. They’re cheaper to purchase. C. They’re more eco-friendly. D. They’re more practical to use. 2. What does the ICE in a series hybrid car directly work on? A. Replacing the generator. B. Driving the wheels. C. Starting the electric motor. D. Charging the battery. 3. In which aspect are PHEVs generally better than SHEVs? A. Mountain road driving. B. In-city transportation. C. Waste gases production. D. Vehicle running costs. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了混合动力汽车的工作原理、主要类型以及两种类型在不同方面的差异。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“While salespeople might simply advise you to “plug in daily and use gas for longer trips,” understanding the underlying mechanics is key to determining if an HEV truly fits your needs. Essentially, an HEV offers you the best of gas cars and EVs.(虽然销售人员可能只是建议你“每天插电，长途旅行使用汽油”，但了解其基本原理是确定混合动力汽车是否真正符合你需求的关键。从本质上讲，混合动力汽车为你提供了汽油车和电动汽车的最佳性能)”和最后一段“The HEV, striking a practical balance between these two extremes, certainly deserves a closer look. (HEV在这两个极端之间达到了实用的平衡，当然值得更仔细地审视)”可知，文章强调HEV结合了燃油车和电动车的优点，达到了实用性的平衡。因此，与其他类型车辆相比，HEV的优势在于更实用。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“When the battery is exhausted, the ICE switches on — not to drive the wheels directly, but to power the generator and charge the battery.(当电池耗尽时，内燃机启动——不是直接驱动车轮，而是为发电机提供动力并为电池充电)”可知，串联混合动力汽车中的内燃机直接为电池充电。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The parallel hybrid (PHEV) aims to keep the core designs of the conventional gas-powered vehicles while lowering the operation costs and improving the environmental performance. Reduced to its basics, its system uses ICE and electric motors to power the wheels — either together or independently. This structure performs reliably on long-distance journeys and complex road conditions, where the combustion engine operates efficiently.(并联混合动力(PHEV)旨在保持传统汽油动力汽车核心设计，同时降低运营成本，提高环保性能。从根本上说，它的系统使用内燃机和电动机为车轮提供动力——可以一起使用，也可以独立使用。这种结构在长途旅行和复杂路况下表现可靠，内燃机在这种情况下运行效率很高)”和表格中关于Parallel Hybrid(PHEV插电式混合动力汽车)和Series hybrid(SHEV串联式混合动力)的对比可知，PHEV更适合长途和复杂路况驾驶。而“Mountain road driving (山路驾驶)”属于典型的复杂路况，需要更高的动力性能和可靠的长途适应性，因此PHEV在这方面比SHEV更好。故选A项。 B The sun hangs heavy over central Iraq in the late afternoon, painting the ruins of Babylon in heat and light. Dust rises from the ground in soft clouds, creating a scene that seems older than time itself. In this moment the city feels both empty and timeless, its silence broken only by the visitors who have come to stand in the footprints of kings. Once, Babylon was the jewel of Mesopotamia, the city that gave its name to entire eras — the Old, Middle, and New Babylonian periods. It was here where grand temples and palaces were built, and where poets and historians imagined one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: the Hanging Gardens. Ancient Greek and Roman writers described them as a green paradise (天堂), watered by artful pumps that lifted water from the Euphrates River. According to tales, Nebuchadnezzar, then King of Babylon, had them built for his queen who longed for the forested mountains of her homeland. For some Iraqi archaeologists (考古学家), the gardens are more than fairy tales. Some believe the gardens were located near the city of Hillah, about a two-hour drive south of the capital Baghdad, while others point to Nineveh, hundreds of miles to the north. For travelers, however, the debate hardly matters. Standing among the ruins, it takes a good imagination to think of the gardens that left no marks to follow. In recent times, conservation work has been carried out to restore parts of Babylon. With the many challenges the site faces, it is often individuals rather than institutions that keep Babylon’s stories alive. We met a 22-year-old tour guide Hashem, who was enthusiastic about introducing Iraqi history to foreigners. He graduated from the University of Babylon with a degree in biomedical engineering, and after that he turned to tourism, where his knowledge and command of English came in handy. Beyond its broken walls, Babylon continues to cast its spell. Visitors come and express admiration, wondering how the Hanging Gardens once rose from the desert plain. The ruins may be gone some day, but the tales will live on. 4. Why does the writer describe the ruins of Babylon in paragraph 1? A. To explain the reasons for its destruction. B. To highlight its heavy boring atmosphere. C. To create a contrast with its splendid past. D. To express admiration for its great history. 5. What do archaeologists disagree about regarding the Hanging Gardens? A. Its location. B. Its origin. C. Its designer. D. Its influence. 6. What does the author want to show by telling Hashem’s story? A. The restoration work provides job opportunities. B. Ordinary people contribute to preserving history. C. Tourism is successful in areas with a rich culture. D. The country is in need of energetic young people. 7. What does the underlined phrase “cast its spell” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Remain in ruins. B. Disappear over time. C. Hold great charm. D. Make people puzzled. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章描述了巴比伦古城如今的废墟景象，回顾了其辉煌历史(特别是空中花园)，探讨了考古学家的争议，并通过一位年轻导游的故事，展现了个体在传承历史记忆中的重要作用，最后点明这座古城虽已倾颓，但魅力与传说永存。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The sun hangs heavy over central Iraq in the late afternoon, painting the ruins of Babylon in heat and light. Dust rises from the ground in soft clouds, creating a scene that seems older than time itself. In this moment the city feels both empty and timeless (夕阳沉沉地挂在伊拉克中部上空，用炎热和光线描绘着巴比伦的废墟。尘土从地面以柔软的云团状升起，营造出一个似乎比时间本身更古老的场景。此刻这座城市感觉既空旷又永恒)”可知，作者详细描绘了巴比伦如今荒凉、空旷、古老的废墟景象。紧接着在第二段开头写道：“Once, Babylon was the jewel of Mesopotamia, the city that gave its name to entire eras — the Old, Middle, and New Babylonian periods. (曾经，巴比伦是美索不达米亚的瑰宝，这座城市的名字定义了整个时代——古巴比伦、中巴比伦和新巴比伦时期。)”描述了它过去的辉煌。因此，作者在第一段的描写旨在与它辉煌的过去形成鲜明对比。故选C项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“For some Iraqi archaeologists (考古学家), the gardens are more than fairy tales. Some believe the gardens were located near the city of Hillah, about a two-hour drive south of the capital Baghdad, while others point to Nineveh, hundreds of miles to the north. (对于一些伊拉克考古学家来说，这些花园不仅仅是童话。一些人认为花园位于首都巴格达以南约两小时车程的希拉市附近，而另一些人则指向北边数百英里外的尼尼微。)”可知，考古学家对于空中花园的具体地理位置持有不同看法，存在争议。故选A项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“With the many challenges the site faces, it is often individuals rather than institutions that keep Babylon’s stories alive. (面对遗址面临的诸多挑战，通常是个人而非机构让巴比伦的故事保持鲜活。)”以及随后作者引用的完整例子：“We met a 22-year-old tour guide Hashem, who was enthusiastic about introducing Iraqi history to foreigners. He graduated from the University of Babylon with a degree in biomedical engineering, and after that he turned to tourism, where his knowledge and command of English came in handy. (我们遇到了一位22岁的导游哈什姆，他热衷于向外国人介绍伊拉克历史。他毕业于巴比伦大学，拥有生物医学工程学位，之后他转向旅游业，他的知识和英语能力在这里派上了用场。)”可知，作者讲述哈什姆的个人故事，是为了具体说明前文观点，即普通个体在保存和传承历史记忆方面发挥着关键作用。故选B项。 【7题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句子“Beyond its broken walls, Babylon continues to cast its spell. Visitors come and express admiration, wondering how the Hanging Gardens once rose from the desert plain. (越过它破碎的城墙，巴比伦继续cast its spell。游客们纷至沓来，表达钦佩之情，惊叹空中花园是如何曾经从沙漠平原上拔地而起的。)”可知，“cast its spell”的直接结果是“游客们纷至沓来并表达钦佩”，因此该短语在语境中应表示巴比伦遗址依然具有强大的吸引力、迷惑力或魅力。故选C项。 C So, you’ve finished that dull book. You sat through the movie you paid for, super bored. Stood in a long queue for that milk tea. Paid much for the luxury handbag — expensive nonsense. What do these have in common? They’re all examples of what economists call “sunk costs (沉没成本)”: the price you’ve already paid — in time, money, effort, suffering, for an item or an experience — holds you to them. It’s a phenomenon we all recognize. It affects our behavior in ways that can be unreasonable. But we do it. To avoid the situation, economists tell us to make decisions based mainly on future value, not past investment. If the ongoing cost outweighs the expected benefit, one should cut their losses and walk away. It hurts, yes, but this cold, clear logic protects us from going broke. Yet, life is rarely so neatly calculated. This purely economic view raises difficult questions: Does the value of an experience lie only in its outcome, or also in the process? A joyful journey with an ordinary goal and a painful one aimed at a splendid achievement, which one is more worthwhile? When it comes to education, the sunk costs theory doesn’t seem applicable. Parents and teachers pour immeasurable amount of investment — love, time, hope, money — into the growth of a child. Will the child turn out the way they expect? No guarantee. If we view this through a strict cost-benefit angle, much of education can be written off as a “sunk cost.” Education is obviously different from the commercial world. A child’s growth cannot be planned like a business strategy; it unfolds like a unique and unpredictable story. We can’t dream his dreams or live his life; we can only build the stage, and light his path. In education we have to hold onto this faith: everything we do for a child is worthwhile. Every act of love is like offering light and water to a seed; while we can’t see its roots grow underground, we know it. That child will blossom (开花) some day. Not all that has cost is sunk. 8. Which of the following best describes the examples in paragraph 1? A. Boring but beneficial. B. Interesting but worthless. C. Joyful and worthwhile. D. Senseless and regrettable. 9. What do economists advise us to do to avoid sunk costs? A. Focus on the outcome. B. Ignore the future losses. C Calculate the past cost. D. Pursue the hidden gains. 10. What is the writer’s attitude towards the investment in education? A. Indifferent. B. Favorable. C. Balanced. D. Critical. 11. Why does the author write the text? A. To promote a principle. B. To correct a misbehavior. C. To challenge a concept. D. To present a phenomenon. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨沉没成本理论的适用场景，同时质疑其在教育领域的适用性，强调教育投入的价值。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“So, you’ve finished that dull book. You sat through the movie you paid for, super bored. Stood in a long queue for that milk tea. Paid much for the luxury handbag—expensive nonsense.(那么，你已经看完那本枯燥乏味的书了。你耐着性子看完了花钱买的电影，全程超级无聊。为了那杯奶茶排了好久的队。花大价钱买了个奢侈手袋 —— 昂贵的无用之物)”可知，这些例子都是无意义且可能让人后悔的经历。故选D项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To avoid the situation, economists tell us to make decisions based mainly on future value, not past investment.(为了避免这种情况，经济学家告诉我们，决策应主要基于未来价值，而不是过去的投资)”可知，经济学家建议我们关注结果（未来价值）以避免沉没成本的影响。故选A项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Education is obviously different from the commercial world.(教育显然与商业世界不同)”以及第六段中的“In education we have to hold onto this faith: everything we do for a child is worthwhile.(在教育中，我们必须坚守这样的信念：我们为孩子所做的一切都是值得的)”可知，作者认为教育投入与商业领域的沉没成本不同，对教育投入持支持态度。故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“When it comes to education, the sunk costs theory doesn’t seem applicable.(说到教育，沉没成本理论似乎并不适用)”可知，文章先介绍沉没成本理论及经济学家的建议，随后通过提问引发思考，并指出该理论在教育领域不适用，强调教育投入的独特价值，目的是对沉没成本这一概念的挑战。故选C项。 D Three scientists made groundbreaking discoveries on the working mechanism of the immune system (免疫系统). They identified “regulatory T cells,” which function as the immune system’s security guards, preventing immune cells from attacking the body’s own tissues and causing severe autoimmune diseases. The immune system’s primary role is to distinguish foreign microbes (细菌) from the body’s own cells and then attack them. However, microbes can develop similarities to human cells. If this pretence succeeds, it can lead to a form of biological “friendly fire,” where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells. It was long believed that the immune system was mainly protected by T cells that can recognize and kill microbes. However, some puzzling autoimmune reactions pointed to the existence of another, more complex regulator. Immunologist Shimon is among the scientists who conducted further research. In 1995, he discovered in mice that there is a particular group of immune cells, which he named “regulatory T cells,” working as the body’s security guards that stop immune cells from attacking self-tissues. Meanwhile in the early 2000s bio-technologists Brunkow and Ramsdell investigated why a specific type of mouse was particularly sensitive to autoimmune diseases. Their experiments took many years. While mapping a mouse’s genome (基因组) today takes only days, back then it was like looking for a needle in a huge pile of straw. They finally found the source of trouble was a variation of the gene named Foxp3, and further discovered that a similar error in a human’s gene causes IPEX syndrome, a serious autoimmune disease. Afterwards, Shimon linked their research to his own, proving that Foxp3 aids in the creation and the operation of regulatory T cells, ensuring that the immune system is strong enough to fight off microbes and at the same time controlled enough not to injure the body. Their foundational discoveries have paved the way for potential new treatments for autoimmune conditions, as well as more effective cancer treatments and reduced complications after organ transplants. 12. What is the result of “friendly fire”? A. Killing of foreign microbes. B. Wrong attack on human cells. C. Immune cells’ development. D. Microbes’ successful disguise. 13. Why did Shimon conduct the mice research? A. To win an award. B. To solve a puzzle. C. To treat a disease. D. To defend a belief. 14. What’s the purpose of mentioning “a needle in a huge pile of straw” in paragraph 4? A. To introduce the long history of medical science. B. To emphasize the important role of the lab mice. C. To stress the difficulty of doing the experiments. D. To show the rareness of an autoimmune disease. 15. What is the root reason of autoimmune diseases according to the discoveries? A. An error happens to the Foxp3 gene. B. Regulatory T cells are distinguished. C. The immune system is under attack. D. Microbes force into the human body. 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三位科学家在免疫系统工作机制上的突破性发现——调节性T细胞及其关键基因Foxp3，解释了它们如何防止自身免疫性疾病，并阐述了该发现对疾病治疗的深远意义。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“If this pretence succeeds, it can lead to a form of biological “friendly fire,” where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells. (如果这种伪装成功，它可能会导致一种生物“友军误伤”，即免疫系统错误地攻击身体自身的细胞。)”可知，“友军误伤”的结果是免疫系统错误地攻击人体细胞。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It was long believed that the immune system was mainly protected by T cells that can recognize and kill microbes. However, some puzzling autoimmune reactions pointed to the existence of another, more complex regulator. Immunologist Shimon is among the scientists who conducted further research. (长期以来，人们认为免疫系统主要由能识别并杀死微生物的T细胞保护。然而，一些令人困惑的自身免疫反应指向了另一个、更复杂的调节器的存在。免疫学家Shimon是进行进一步研究的科学家之一。)”可知，Shimon的研究动机源于存在一些无法用传统认知解释的、令人困惑的自身免疫现象。他进行研究的目的就是为了探索并解决这个科学谜题。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Their experiments took many years. While mapping a mouse’s genome (基因组) today takes only days, back then it was like looking for a needle in a huge pile of straw. (他们的实验花了很多年。虽然如今绘制老鼠的基因组只需要几天时间，但在当时，这就像在一大堆稻草里找一根针。)”可知，作者通过将当时的实验条件比作“大海捞针”，是为了形象地突出在当时的科技条件下，寻找基因变异源头这项工作极其耗时且困难。故选C项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“They finally found the source of trouble was a variation of the gene named Foxp3, and further discovered that a similar error in a human’s gene causes IPEX syndrome, a serious autoimmune disease. (他们最终发现问题的根源是一种名为Foxp3的基因变异，并进一步发现人类基因中类似的错误会导致IPEX综合征，一种严重的自身免疫性疾病。)”可知，根据这些发现，自身免疫性疾病的根本原因在于Foxp3基因发生错误或变异。故选A项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Horace, the famous Roman poet who lived from 65 BC to 8 BC, once said, “The poet’s aim is to combine the delightful and the useful.” A poet will take insights into our world covered in fog and cut through that fog to reveal the truth beneath in their poetry. ____16____ Poetry is rich in wisdom and knowledge, yet it is often remarkably brief in form. We’re living in a world where everything becomes so fast-paced that it’s hard to focus on anything for long. ____17____ It allows us to start and finish something of value within life’s small windows of time - whether we’re waiting for the bus with our child, or seeking a meaningful thought to share at the dinner table. It can be spoken over our audience, or used to start a deeper discussion. Similar to the way in which poetry reveals hidden, yet familiar truths, it can also reveal hidden yet familiar beauty. When a poet uses beautiful language to describe elements of beauty within our world, we may feel shocked. ____18____ Only then will we realize that we have never fully appreciated the things around us. We begin to learn the art of treasuring what we have. ____19____ By thoughtfully engaging with poetry, we step into the perspectives of others. In the process, we will sharpen our awareness, deepen our empathy (同理心), and actively expand our emotional intelligence. To pass down the power of poetry to the next generation, it’s best to develop a love and appreciation for it in our children from an early age. ____20____ This practice offers an opportunity to create a bonding experience and lasting memories. A. A short poem is a gift for us. B. Poems can inspire us in a number of ways. C. In this way, poetry helps us understand the world better. D. Poetry fuels our curiosity and unlocks further exploration. E. It involves spending plenty of time reading poems together. F. Poetry gives voice to our shared human emotions and experiences. G. Suddenly we become aware of the beauty so close yet unseen before. 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章以贺拉斯的观点为引，论述了诗歌的价值，探讨了诗歌如何以简驭繁、揭示美、促进共情，并建议通过亲子共读将诗歌传递给下一代。 【16题详解】 上文“A poet will take insights into our world covered in fog and cut through that fog to reveal the truth beneath in their poetry. (诗人会以自己对被迷雾笼罩的世界的洞察力，驱散迷雾，在他们的诗歌中揭示其下的真相。)”讲述了诗人通过诗歌揭示世界真相的作用。C选项“In this way, poetry helps us understand the world better. (这样，诗歌帮助我们更好地理解世。界)”顺承上文，总结诗歌通过揭示真相所带来的价值——“帮助我们更好地理解世界”。“In this way”指代了上文中诗人揭示真相的过程，使上下文逻辑紧密衔接。故选C项。 【17题详解】 上文“We’re living in a world where everything becomes so fast-paced that it’s hard to focus on anything for long. (我们生活在一个一切都变得如此快节奏的世界里，以至于很难长时间专注于任何事情。)”指出快节奏时代难以长时间专注的问题。A选项“A short poem is a gift for us. (一首短诗是给我们的礼物。)”承接上文，将“短诗”引入语境，暗示其能解决难以专注的问题。下文“It allows us to start and finish something of value within life’s small windows of time...(它让我们能在生活的小块时间里开始并完成一些有价值的事情……)”则具体阐释了短诗如何成为“礼物”，代词“It”指代A选项中的“A short poem”，上下衔接自然。故选A项。 【18题详解】 上文“When a poet uses beautiful language to describe elements of beauty within our world, we may feel shocked. (当诗人用优美的语言描述我们世界中的美时，我们可能会感到震惊。)”描述了诗歌对美的描绘带来的震撼感。G选项“Suddenly we become aware of the beauty so close yet unseen before. (突然间我们意识到了那些近在咫尺却从未被看见的美。)”承接这种“shocked”的感受，具体解释了震惊的原因在于“意识到被忽略的美”。“Suddenly”与上文的“shocked”情绪呼应，并通过“so close yet unseen”呼应了“hidden yet familiar beauty”这一概念，逻辑连贯。故选G项。 【19题详解】 下文“By thoughtfully engaging with poetry, we step into the perspectives of others. In the process, we will sharpen our awareness, deepen our empathy (同理心), and actively expand our emotional intelligence. (通过深入思考诗歌，我们走进了他人的视角。在这个过程中，我们将提高觉察力，加深同理心，并积极拓展情商。)”详细说明了诗歌如何帮助我们理解他人视角并提升情商。F选项“Poetry gives voice to our shared human emotions and experiences. (诗歌为我们共同的人类情感和经历发声。)”位于段首，作为总起句，点明诗歌的核心功能是“表达共同的情感和经历”。下文“走进他人的视角”、“加深同理心”正是对这一功能的具体展开和结果，上下形成“总-分”关系，语意连贯。故选F项。 【20题详解】 上文“To pass down the power of poetry to the next generation, it’s best to develop a love and appreciation for it in our children from an early age. (为了将诗歌的力量传递给下一代，最好从小培养孩子对诗歌的热爱和欣赏。)”提出了要从孩子小时候培养其对诗歌的爱。E选项“It involves spending plenty of time reading poems together. (这涉及到花大量时间一起读诗。)”具体说明了如何实现“培养热爱和欣赏”这一目标，即“花时间亲子共读”。代词“It”指代上文的“develop a love and appreciation for it in our children from an early age”这一做法，上下文衔接紧密。故选E项。 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A 、B 、C 和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last October, my family took a camping trip to Lake Houston Wilderness Park. It was an early ____21____ afternoon, and the warm sun cast a golden ____22____ over the whole park. We made our way along the path, feeling the gentle wind through the trees and listening to the cracking sound of dried ____23____ beneath our feet. As dark fell, the air grew ____24____. We’d just finished setting up our tent when it suddenly began to rain. My parents jumped up and hurried to ____25____ things with a plastic cloth, but to me, the ____26____ rain meant fun. We ducked into the tent and wrapped ourselves in warm blankets. With raindrops falling on the tent, we ____27____ snacks, stories and laughter in the heart of nature. Then, out of nowhere, we heard heavy ____28____ approaching, alarmingly close. Before we could react, the tent ____29____ around us, trapping us in a mess. We ____30____: Was it a wild man? A forest monster? Heart racing, we ____31____ ourselves out from under the tent, only to see some cattle hurrying away — they had ____32____ over our tent ropes in the way. As we stood there, catching our breath, we noticed the ____33____ had stopped completely. The night sky had ____34____ into a deep blue, decorated with countless stars and a silvery moon. After taking a moment to set the tent back up, we lit a campfire and started barbecuing in the bright moonlight. It was truly a(n) ____35____ and memorable night! 21. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter 22. A. light B. shadow C. fire D. thread 23. A. fruits B. stones C. insects D. leaves 24. A. thin B. cool C. calm D. fine 25. A. hold B. cover C. repair D. gather 26. A. unwelcome B. unrecorded C. unending D. unexpected 27. A. ate B. shared C. made D. passed 28. A. footsteps B. heartbeats C. thunderstorms D. gunshots 29. A. circled B. flew C. collapsed D. shook 30. A. hesitated B. cheered C. panicked D. debated 31. A. drove B. threw C. pulled D. picked 32. A. jumped B. dropped C. rolled D. tripped 33. A. rain B. cattle C. laughter D. show 34 A. got B. rushed C. sank D. cleared 35. A. adventurous B. instructive C. romantic D. familiar 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家去年十月去休斯顿湖荒野公园露营的经历，描述了从晴朗温暖的午后到夜间突遇阵雨、帐篷被牛群绊倒，再到雨停后欣赏美丽星空的有趣而难忘的夜晚。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是十月初秋的一个下午，温暖的阳光为整个公园披上了一层金色的光芒。A. spring春天；B. summer夏天；C. autumn秋天；D. winter冬天。根据上文“Last October”可知，十月属于秋季。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是十月初秋的一个下午，温暖的阳光为整个公园披上了一层金色的光芒。A. light光；B. shadow阴影；C. fire火；D. thread线。根据前文“the warm sun”可知，阳光会投射出光芒。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们沿着小路前行，感受着穿过树林的微风，听着脚下干枯树叶发出的噼啪声。A. fruits水果；B. stones石头；C. insects昆虫；D. leaves树叶。根据前文“early autumn”和“dried”以及常识推断，秋天脚下常见的干燥物通常是落叶。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：夜幕降临，空气变得凉爽。A. thin稀薄的；B. cool凉爽的；C. calm平静的；D. fine好的。根据前文“As dark fell”和日常经验，天黑后气温通常会下降，空气变凉爽。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母跳起来，急忙用塑料布盖住东西。A. hold拿住；B. cover覆盖；C. repair修理；D. gather收集。根据前文“when it suddenly began to rain”和后文“with a plastic cloth”可知，下雨时用塑料布是为了遮盖物品以防淋湿。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对我来说，这场突如其来的雨意味着乐趣。A. unwelcome不受欢迎的；B. unrecorded未被记录的；C. unending无休止的；D. unexpected意外的，突如其来的。根据前文“it suddenly began to rain”可知，这场雨是意想不到的。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨点落在帐篷上，我们在大自然的怀抱中分享着零食、故事和欢笑。A. ate吃；B. shared分享；C. made制作；D. passed传递。根据后文“snacks, stories and laughter”可知，在帐篷里大家一起分享食物、故事和欢笑是最符合语境的。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，我们突然听到沉重的脚步声越来越近，近得吓人。A. footsteps脚步声；B. heartbeats心跳声；C. thunderstorms雷声；D. gunshots枪声。根据后文“approaching”和“Was it a wild man?”的猜测可推知，他们听到的是沉重的脚步声。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还没来得及反应，帐篷就在我们周围倒塌了，把我们困在一片混乱中。A. circled环绕；B. flew飞；C. collapsed倒塌；D. shook摇晃。根据后文“trapping us in a mess”和“out from under the tent”可知，帐篷是倒塌了，所以他们才被压在下面。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们惊慌失措：是野人吗？还是森林怪物？A. hesitated犹豫；B. cheered欢呼；C. panicked惊慌；D. debated辩论。根据后文“Heart racing”以及“Was it a wild man? A forest monster?”恐惧猜测可知，他们当时很恐慌。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们心跳加速，把自己从帐篷底下拉了出来，只看到几头牛匆匆离去——它们被我们的帐篷绳绊倒了。A. drove驱赶；B. threw扔；C. pulled拉；D. picked捡。根据前文“trapping us in a mess”和“out from under the tent”可知，他们需要把自己从倒塌的帐篷下拉出来。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们心跳加速，把自己从帐篷底下拉了出来，只看到几头牛匆匆离去——它们被我们的帐篷绳绊倒了。A. jumped跳；B. dropped掉落；C. rolled滚动；D. tripped绊倒。根据前文帐篷倒塌的原因，以及宾语“over our tent ropes”可知，牛群是绊倒了帐篷的固定绳。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们站在那里喘气时，我们注意到雨已经完全停了。A. rain雨；B. cattle牛；C. laughter笑声；D. show表演。结合上文下雨的背景以及后文“stopped completely”和“The night sky had cleared”可知，停下的是雨。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：夜空已经放晴，呈现出深蓝色，点缀着无数的星星和一轮银月。A. got变得；B. rushed冲；C. sank下沉；D. cleared放晴，变晴朗。根据前文雨停了，以及后文“decorated with countless stars”的描述可知，夜空变得晴朗了。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那真是一个充满冒险且令人难忘的夜晚！A. adventurous冒险的；B. instructive有教育意义的；C. romantic浪漫的；D. familiar熟悉的。通览全文，这次露营经历了突如其来的雨、帐篷被牛绊倒等意外事件，整个夜晚充满了意外和冒险色彩。故选A项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Sponge city” is a revolutionary approach to urban design. The concept, first ____36____ (propose) by Chinese landscape architect Kongjian Yu, uses natural water systems in urban sites ____37____ (reduce) the possibility of flooding, water shortages and the urban heat island effect, and it is now being practised all over the world. Having grown up in rural China, Yu developed an awareness of the ____38____ (season) movement of natural waterways and the role of vegetation in regulating their flow. Witnessing the effectiveness of Chinese irrigation (灌溉) networks helped him develop the sponge city philosophy, ____39____ eventually became part of China’s urbanism policy in 2014. He ____40____ (award) the 2023 Oberlander Prize for his work addressing climate-change-worsened urban flooding. The “sponginess,” or a city’s ability to absorb rainwater, is ____41____ key measure to fight climate change. A city’s sponginess is affected by the balance between blue (ponds, lakes), green (grass, trees) ____42____ grey (buildings, hard surfaces) infrastructure (基础设施). Sponge cities work in tune with nature to quickly absorb heavy rainfall and later release the extra water into rivers and water systems slowly, ____43____ (avoid) the risk of a rapid rise in water levels. There are some good examples of “spongy cities,” and Auckland in New Zealand ____44____ (top) the list. It’s mainly due to the green and blue infrastructure that covers half of its urban area. Others, _____45_____ Chongqing and Wuhan in China, have kicked off sponge city pilot programs in response to growing climate threats. 【答案】36. proposed 37. to reduce 38. seasonal 39. which 40. was awarded 41. a 42. and 43. avoiding 44. tops 45. like 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“海绵城市”这一革命性的城市设计理念。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一理念由中国景观建筑师俞孔坚首次提出，它在城市场地中利用自然水系，以降低洪水、水资源短缺和城市热岛效应的发生可能性，如今已在全球范围内得到应用。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，propose（提出）与逻辑主语The concept之间是被动关系（理念被提出），应用过去分词proposed。故填proposed。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。说明“利用自然水系”的目的是“降低各类问题的可能性”，此处应用不定式作目的状语，故填to reduce。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：俞孔坚在中国农村长大，他意识到了天然水道的季节性流动以及植被在调节水流方面的作用。此处修饰名词movement，应用形容词形式作定语，season的形容词为seasonal，意为“季节性的”。故填seasonal。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：目睹中国灌溉网络的成效，帮助他形成了海绵城市理念，该理念最终于2014年成为中国城市化政策的一部分。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the sponge city philosophy（海绵城市理念），关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【40题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：他因在应对气候变化加剧的城市洪水中所做的工作，被授予2023年奥伯兰德奖。根据“the 2023 Oberlander Prize”可知，句子应用一般过去时；主语He与award之间是被动关系（被授予奖项），所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为he，be动词用was。故填was awarded。 【41题详解】 考查冠词。句意：“海绵性”，即城市吸收雨水的能力，是应对气候变化的一项关键措施。此处修饰可数名词单数measure，表泛指“一项关键措施”，key是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 【42题详解】 考查连词。句意：城市的海绵性受蓝色（池塘、湖泊）、绿色（草地、树木）和灰色（建筑、硬质路面）基础设施之间的平衡影响。此处连接三个并列的形容词（blue、green、grey），表示“和”，应用连词and，构成“between A, B and C”的结构。故填and。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：海绵城市与自然和谐共生，能快速吸收暴雨，之后再将多余的水缓慢排入河流和水系，避免水位快速上涨的风险。此处为非谓语动词作结果状语，avoid（避免）与其逻辑主语Sponge cities之间是主动关系，应用现在分词avoiding，强调“吸收并缓慢排水”带来的自然而然的结果。故填avoiding。 【44题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：世界上有一些优秀的“海绵城市”案例，新西兰的奥克兰位居榜首。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语Auckland为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式tops，意为“位居榜首，排名第一”。故填tops。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：其他城市，如中国的重庆和武汉，为应对日益严峻的气候威胁，已启动海绵城市试点项目。此处用于举例，意为“例如，像”，应用介词like。故填like。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，近期你去博物馆时，发现越来越多低龄儿童参与观展。请给英国笔友Chris写一封邮件讨论这一现象，内容包括： 1.你的观察; 2.你的看法。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Chris, How are things going? I’m writing to discuss with you a phenomenon in the museum. Recently, I went to the museum and found that more and more low age children are participating in the exhibition. I think this is a very good phenomenon. On one hand, it shows that museums are becoming more and more attractive to children. On the other hand, it also reflects that parents are paying more and more attention to children’s cultural and educational cultivation. Museums can provide children with a rich learning environment, which is conducive to the cultivation of children’s interests and the improvement of their cultural literacy. What do you think of this phenomenon? Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Chris写一封邮件，讨论博物馆中越来越多低龄儿童参与观展这一现象。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参与：participate in→ take part in 有吸引力的：attractive→ appealing 关注于：pay attention to→ focus on 有助于：be conducive to→ be helpful to 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to discuss with you a phenomenon in the museum. 拓展句：I’m writing to discuss with you a phenomenon which/that has occurred in the museum. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Recently, I went to the museum and found that more and more low age children are participating in the exhibition.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Museums can provide children with a rich learning environment, which is conducive to the cultivation of children’s interests and the improvement of their cultural literacy.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I’ve recently become interested in mountain climbing. It’s mainly due to my friend Tim, an experienced hiker. Initially, I saw hiking as pointless — exhausting muscles under the burning sun, carrying heavy loads, with no easy way back. Why endure (忍受) that? Last month, Tim convinced me to join him in climbing a small hill. To my surprise, the view from the top was breathtaking. I witnessed an amazing sunset over the sea. That humble peak offered unexpected joy, awakening a desire for more — cloud seas, sunrises, and bird’s-eye views. After a few more mountain climbing attempts, I declared, “I will challenge the Hero’s Route!” It was a demanding 20-kilometer trail (小径) across several high peaks, a test of “heroes.” But Tim tried to cool me down. “It’s not easy,” he warned. “It requires training, not just enthusiasm.” But I believed “Nothing is impossible in front of a willing heart,” so the following weekend I set off alone without telling Tim. I decided to give him a big surprise. At the foot of the mountain, I saw some groups of climbers with walkie-talkies. I laughed — real heroes journey alone. The first peak was rewarding, with cool winds and glimpses of the sea. But as I pushed onward, the trail turned wild and rugged. Steep rocks forced me to crawl on all fours. The sky darkened, threatening rain. Tiredness set in, and the other climbers had all overtaken me, leaving me completely alone. The trail seemed endless. Rain soon poured and I was wet through. The rocks became slippery, making every step a struggle. To make matters worse, my phone had no signal. Desperation mounted in me. Around 5:30 PM, there were still two peaks ahead. Exhausted and having barely progressed, I found a weak signal on my phone and hurriedly called Tim. He was shocked, but after checking my location, he calmly gave me instructions. “Stop going ahead. You’ve just passed a side trail down to a village. It is marked with a blue ribbon (丝带). Find it and take the path — I’ll meet you midway.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 But now I hesitated, because taking the side trail meant failure. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Climbing down the path to the village at night was still very challenging. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 But now I hesitated, because taking the side trail meant failure. I stood there, looking at the two peaks ahead. The rain was still pouring down, and the rocks were getting more and more slippery. I thought about my decision to challenge the Hero’s Route. Was it just for a moment of pride? Or was it really a test of my will? I took a deep breath. Maybe Tim was right. Training is necessary. But at this moment, safety is more important. I decided to take the side trail. After all, there will be more opportunities to challenge in the future. Climbing down the path to the village at night was still very challenging. The path was narrow and dark. I had to be very careful. But I was not alone. I knew Tim was waiting for me midway. As I walked, I thought about my experience. Although I didn’t complete the Hero’s Route this time, I learned a lot. I learned to respect nature and my own strength. When I finally saw Tim’s figure in the distance, I felt a sense of relief. We hugged each other. “You made the right decision,” Tim said. I nodded. This experience will definitely make me a better climber in the future. 【解析】 【导语】本文以“我”的登山经历为线索展开，讲述“我”在朋友鼓励下爱上登山，但未经训练便独自挑战“英雄之路”，结果遭遇恶劣天气和危险，最终在朋友指导下选择安全撤离。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“但现在我犹豫了，因为选择岔路意味着失败。”可知，第一段可描写“我”在失败与安全之间的内心挣扎，最终选择理性放弃并寻找标记下山。 ②由第二段首句内容“夜间沿小路下山前往村庄仍然非常具有挑战性。”可知，第二段可描写下山途中的具体困难，以及最终与朋友会合并从经历中获得成长与感悟。 2. 续写线索：内心挣扎——理性抉择——寻找标记——下山遇险——朋友会合——感悟成长 3. 词汇激活： 行为类 ①深吸一口气：take a deep breath/breathe deeply ②决定：decide/make up one’s mind ③拥抱：hug/embrace 情绪类 ①谨慎的：careful/cautious ②尊敬：respect/revere/esteem  【点睛】[高分句型1] I stood there, looking at the two peaks ahead. (运用了现在分词looking作伴随状语) [高分句型2] When I finally saw Tim’s figure in the distance, I felt a sense of relief. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 广东省2026届普通高中毕业班第二次调研考试 英语 本试卷共8页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡写上考生姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号等相关信息。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内;如需改动的，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A If you’re concerned about the cost of gas and the environmental impact of gas-powered cars, and don’t want to worry about the charging challenges associated with the pure electric vehicle (EV), it’s time to take a closer look at a hybrid (混合的) electric vehicle (HEV). While salespeople might simply advise you to “plug in daily and use gas for longer trips,” understanding the underlying mechanics is key to determining if an HEV truly fits your needs. Essentially, an HEV offers you the best of gas cars and EVs. An HEV has two sources of power: an internal combustion (燃烧) engine (ICE) and at least one electric motor. There are two main types of HEV: parallel (并联式) hybrid and series hybrid. The parallel hybrid (PHEV) aims to keep the core designs of the conventional gas-powered vehicles while lowering the operation costs and improving the environmental performance. Reduced to its basics, its system uses ICE and electric motors to power the wheels — either together or independently. This structure performs reliably on long-distance journeys and complex road conditions, where the combustion engine operates efficiently. In the case of series hybrid (SHEV), the vehicle runs only on electricity, which is from the battery. When the battery is exhausted, the ICE switches on — not to drive the wheels directly, but to power the generator and charge the battery. This setup offers smoother and quieter driving operation which is similar to pure electric vehicles. It’s generally more eco-friendly, and further reduces the cost of use. In today’s market, conventional gas cars are going significantly cheaper, while stylish pure electric vehicles have become symbols of modern status. The HEV, striking a practical balance between these two extremes, certainly deserves a closer look. Properties Parallel Hybrid Series hybrid Urban Efficiency Lower Higher Highway Efficiency Higher Lower Fuel Consumption Higher Lower Power Performance Higher Lower Sales Price Lower Higher 1. What is an advantage of HEVs compared with other types of vehicles? A. They’re simpler in design. B. They’re cheaper to purchase. C. They’re more eco-friendly. D. They’re more practical to use. 2. What does the ICE in a series hybrid car directly work on? A. Replacing the generator. B. Driving the wheels. C. Starting the electric motor. D. Charging the battery. 3. In which aspect are PHEVs generally better than SHEVs? A. Mountain road driving. B. In-city transportation. C. Waste gases production. D. Vehicle running costs. B The sun hangs heavy over central Iraq in the late afternoon, painting the ruins of Babylon in heat and light. Dust rises from the ground in soft clouds, creating a scene that seems older than time itself. In this moment the city feels both empty and timeless, its silence broken only by the visitors who have come to stand in the footprints of kings. Once, Babylon was the jewel of Mesopotamia, the city that gave its name to entire eras — the Old, Middle, and New Babylonian periods. It was here where grand temples and palaces were built, and where poets and historians imagined one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: the Hanging Gardens. Ancient Greek and Roman writers described them as a green paradise (天堂), watered by artful pumps that lifted water from the Euphrates River. According to tales, Nebuchadnezzar, then King of Babylon, had them built for his queen who longed for the forested mountains of her homeland. For some Iraqi archaeologists (考古学家), the gardens are more than fairy tales. Some believe the gardens were located near the city of Hillah, about a two-hour drive south of the capital Baghdad, while others point to Nineveh, hundreds of miles to the north. For travelers, however, the debate hardly matters. Standing among the ruins, it takes a good imagination to think of the gardens that left no marks to follow. In recent times, conservation work has been carried out to restore parts of Babylon. With the many challenges the site faces, it is often individuals rather than institutions that keep Babylon’s stories alive. We met a 22-year-old tour guide Hashem, who was enthusiastic about introducing Iraqi history to foreigners. He graduated from the University of Babylon with a degree in biomedical engineering, and after that he turned to tourism, where his knowledge and command of English came in handy. Beyond its broken walls, Babylon continues to cast its spell. Visitors come and express admiration, wondering how the Hanging Gardens once rose from the desert plain. The ruins may be gone some day, but the tales will live on. 4. Why does the writer describe the ruins of Babylon in paragraph 1? A. To explain the reasons for its destruction. B. To highlight its heavy boring atmosphere. C. To create a contrast with its splendid past. D. To express admiration for its great history. 5. What do archaeologists disagree about regarding the Hanging Gardens? A. Its location. B. Its origin. C. Its designer. D. Its influence. 6. What does the author want to show by telling Hashem’s story? A The restoration work provides job opportunities. B. Ordinary people contribute to preserving history. C. Tourism is successful in areas with a rich culture. D. The country is in need of energetic young people. 7. What does the underlined phrase “cast its spell” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Remain in ruins. B. Disappear over time. C. Hold great charm. D. Make people puzzled. C So, you’ve finished that dull book. You sat through the movie you paid for, super bored. Stood in a long queue for that milk tea. Paid much for the luxury handbag — expensive nonsense. What do these have in common? They’re all examples of what economists call “sunk costs (沉没成本)”: the price you’ve already paid — in time, money, effort, suffering, for an item or an experience — holds you to them. It’s a phenomenon we all recognize. It affects our behavior in ways that can be unreasonable. But we do it. To avoid the situation economists tell us to make decisions based mainly on future value, not past investment. If the ongoing cost outweighs the expected benefit, one should cut their losses and walk away. It hurts, yes, but this cold, clear logic protects us from going broke. Yet, life is rarely so neatly calculated. This purely economic view raises difficult questions: Does the value of an experience lie only in its outcome, or also in the process? A joyful journey with an ordinary goal and a painful one aimed at a splendid achievement, which one is more worthwhile? When it comes to education, the sunk costs theory doesn’t seem applicable. Parents and teachers pour immeasurable amount of investment — love, time, hope, money — into the growth of a child. Will the child turn out the way they expect? No guarantee. If we view this through a strict cost-benefit angle, much of education can be written off as a “sunk cost.” Education is obviously different from the commercial world. A child’s growth cannot be planned like a business strategy; it unfolds like a unique and unpredictable story. We can’t dream his dreams or live his life; we can only build the stage, and light his path. In education we have to hold onto this faith: everything we do for a child is worthwhile. Every act of love is like offering light and water to a seed; while we can’t see its roots grow underground, we know it. That child will blossom (开花) some day. Not all that has cost is sunk. 8. Which of the following best describes the examples in paragraph 1? A. Boring but beneficial. B. Interesting but worthless. C Joyful and worthwhile. D. Senseless and regrettable. 9. What do economists advise us to do to avoid sunk costs? A. Focus on the outcome. B. Ignore the future losses. C. Calculate the past cost. D. Pursue the hidden gains. 10. What is the writer’s attitude towards the investment in education? A. Indifferent. B. Favorable. C. Balanced. D. Critical. 11. Why does the author write the text? A. To promote a principle. B. To correct a misbehavior. C. To challenge a concept. D. To present a phenomenon. D Three scientists made groundbreaking discoveries on the working mechanism of the immune system (免疫系统). They identified “regulatory T cells,” which function as the immune system’s security guards, preventing immune cells from attacking the body’s own tissues and causing severe autoimmune diseases. The immune system’s primary role is to distinguish foreign microbes (细菌) from the body’s own cells and then attack them. However, microbes can develop similarities to human cells. If this pretence succeeds, it can lead to a form of biological “friendly fire,” where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells. It was long believed that the immune system was mainly protected by T cells that can recognize and kill microbes. However, some puzzling autoimmune reactions pointed to the existence of another, more complex regulator. Immunologist Shimon is among the scientists who conducted further research. In 1995, he discovered in mice that there is a particular group of immune cells, which he named “regulatory T cells,” working as the body’s security guards that stop immune cells from attacking self-tissues. Meanwhile in the early 2000s, bio-technologists Brunkow and Ramsdell investigated why a specific type of mouse was particularly sensitive to autoimmune diseases. Their experiments took many years. While mapping a mouse’s genome (基因组) today takes only days, back then it was like looking for a needle in a huge pile of straw. They finally found the source of trouble was a variation of the gene named Foxp3, and further discovered that a similar error in a human’s gene causes IPEX syndrome, a serious autoimmune disease. Afterwards, Shimon linked their research to his own, proving that Foxp3 aids in the creation and the operation of regulatory T cells, ensuring that the immune system is strong enough to fight off microbes and at the same time controlled enough not to injure the body. Their foundational discoveries have paved the way for potential new treatments for autoimmune conditions, as well as more effective cancer treatments and reduced complications after organ transplants. 12. What is the result of “friendly fire”? A Killing of foreign microbes. B. Wrong attack on human cells. C. Immune cells’ development. D. Microbes’ successful disguise. 13. Why did Shimon conduct the mice research? A. To win an award. B. To solve a puzzle. C. To treat a disease. D. To defend a belief. 14. What’s the purpose of mentioning “a needle in a huge pile of straw” in paragraph 4? A. To introduce the long history of medical science. B. To emphasize the important role of the lab mice. C. To stress the difficulty of doing the experiments. D. To show the rareness of an autoimmune disease. 15. What is the root reason of autoimmune diseases according to the discoveries? A. An error happens to the Foxp3 gene. B. Regulatory T cells are distinguished. C. The immune system is under attack. D. Microbes force into the human body. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Horace, the famous Roman poet who lived from 65 BC to 8 BC, once said, “The poet’s aim is to combine the delightful and the useful.” A poet will take insights into our world covered in fog and cut through that fog to reveal the truth beneath in their poetry. ____16____ Poetry is rich in wisdom and knowledge, yet it is often remarkably brief in form. We’re living in a world where everything becomes so fast-paced that it’s hard to focus on anything for long. ____17____ It allows us to start and finish something of value within life’s small windows of time - whether we’re waiting for the bus with our child, or seeking a meaningful thought to share at the dinner table. It can be spoken over our audience, or used to start a deeper discussion. Similar to the way in which poetry reveals hidden, yet familiar truths, it can also reveal hidden yet familiar beauty. When a poet uses beautiful language to describe elements of beauty within our world, we may feel shocked. ____18____ Only then will we realize that we have never fully appreciated the things around us. We begin to learn the art of treasuring what we have. ____19____ By thoughtfully engaging with poetry, we step into the perspectives of others. In the process, we will sharpen our awareness, deepen our empathy (同理心), and actively expand our emotional intelligence. To pass down the power of poetry to the next generation, it’s best to develop a love and appreciation for it in our children from an early age. ____20____ This practice offers an opportunity to create a bonding experience and lasting memories. A. A short poem is a gift for us. B. Poems can inspire us in a number of ways. C. In this way, poetry helps us understand the world better. D. Poetry fuels our curiosity and unlocks further exploration. E. It involves spending plenty of time reading poems together. F. Poetry gives voice to our shared human emotions and experiences. G. Suddenly we become aware of the beauty so close yet unseen before. 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A 、B 、C 和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last October, my family took a camping trip to Lake Houston Wilderness Park. It was an early ____21____ afternoon, and the warm sun cast a golden ____22____ over the whole park. We made our way along the path, feeling the gentle wind through the trees and listening to the cracking sound of dried ____23____ beneath our feet. As dark fell, the air grew ____24____. We’d just finished setting up our tent when it suddenly began to rain. My parents jumped up and hurried to ____25____ things with a plastic cloth, but to me, the ____26____ rain meant fun. We ducked into the tent and wrapped ourselves in warm blankets. With raindrops falling on the tent, we ____27____ snacks, stories and laughter in the heart of nature. Then, out of nowhere, we heard heavy ____28____ approaching, alarmingly close. Before we could react, the tent ____29____ around us, trapping us in a mess. We ____30____: Was it a wild man? A forest monster? Heart racing, we ____31____ ourselves out from under the tent, only to see some cattle hurrying away — they had ____32____ over our tent ropes in the way. As we stood there, catching our breath, we noticed the ____33____ had stopped completely. The night sky had ____34____ into a deep blue, decorated with countless stars and a silvery moon. After taking a moment to set the tent back up, we lit a campfire and started barbecuing in the bright moonlight. It was truly a(n) ____35____ and memorable night! 21. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter 22. A. light B. shadow C. fire D. thread 23. A. fruits B. stones C. insects D. leaves 24. A. thin B. cool C. calm D. fine 25. A. hold B. cover C. repair D. gather 26. A. unwelcome B. unrecorded C. unending D. unexpected 27. A. ate B. shared C. made D. passed 28. A. footsteps B. heartbeats C. thunderstorms D. gunshots 29. A. circled B. flew C. collapsed D. shook 30. A. hesitated B. cheered C. panicked D. debated 31. A. drove B. threw C. pulled D. picked 32. A. jumped B. dropped C. rolled D. tripped 33. A. rain B. cattle C. laughter D. show 34. A. got B. rushed C. sank D. cleared 35 A. adventurous B. instructive C. romantic D. familiar 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Sponge city” is a revolutionary approach to urban design. The concept, first ____36____ (propose) by Chinese landscape architect Kongjian Yu, uses natural water systems in urban sites ____37____ (reduce) the possibility of flooding, water shortages and the urban heat island effect, and it is now being practised all over the world. Having grown up in rural China, Yu developed an awareness of the ____38____ (season) movement of natural waterways and the role of vegetation in regulating their flow. Witnessing the effectiveness of Chinese irrigation (灌溉) networks helped him develop the sponge city philosophy, ____39____ eventually became part of China’s urbanism policy in 2014. He ____40____ (award) the 2023 Oberlander Prize for his work addressing climate-change-worsened urban flooding. The “sponginess,” or a city’s ability to absorb rainwater, is ____41____ key measure to fight climate change. A city’s sponginess is affected by the balance between blue (ponds, lakes), green (grass, trees) ____42____ grey (buildings, hard surfaces) infrastructure (基础设施). Sponge cities work in tune with nature to quickly absorb heavy rainfall and later release the extra water into rivers and water systems slowly, ____43____ (avoid) the risk of a rapid rise in water levels. There are some good examples of “spongy cities,” and Auckland in New Zealand ____44____ (top) the list. It’s mainly due to the green and blue infrastructure that covers half of its urban area. Others, _____45_____ Chongqing and Wuhan in China, have kicked off sponge city pilot programs in response to growing climate threats. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，近期你去博物馆时，发现越来越多低龄儿童参与观展。请给英国笔友Chris写一封邮件讨论这一现象，内容包括： 1.你的观察; 2.你的看法。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I’ve recently become interested in mountain climbing. It’s mainly due to my friend Tim, an experienced hiker. Initially, I saw hiking as pointless — exhausting muscles under the burning sun, carrying heavy loads, with no easy way back. Why endure (忍受) that? Last month, Tim convinced me to join him in climbing a small hill. To my surprise, the view from the top was breathtaking. I witnessed an amazing sunset over the sea. That humble peak offered unexpected joy, awakening a desire for more — cloud seas, sunrises, and bird’s-eye views. After a few more mountain climbing attempts, I declared, “I will challenge the Hero’s Route!” It was a demanding 20-kilometer trail (小径) across several high peaks, a test of “heroes.” But Tim tried to cool me down. “It’s not easy,” he warned. “It requires training, not just enthusiasm.” But I believed “Nothing is impossible in front of a willing heart,” so the following weekend I set off alone without telling Tim. I decided to give him a big surprise. At the foot of the mountain, I saw some groups of climbers with walkie-talkies. I laughed — real heroes journey alone. The first peak was rewarding, with cool winds and glimpses of the sea. But as I pushed onward, the trail turned wild and rugged. Steep rocks forced me to crawl on all fours. The sky darkened, threatening rain. Tiredness set in, and the other climbers had all overtaken me, leaving me completely alone. The trail seemed endless. Rain soon poured and I was wet through. The rocks became slippery, making every step a struggle. To make matters worse, my phone had no signal. Desperation mounted in me. Around 5:30 PM, there were still two peaks ahead. Exhausted and having barely progressed, I found a weak signal on my phone and hurriedly called Tim. He was shocked, but after checking my location, he calmly gave me instructions. “Stop going ahead. You’ve just passed a side trail down to a village. It is marked with a blue ribbon (丝带). Find it and take the path — I’ll meet you midway.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 But now I hesitated, because taking the side trail meant failure. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Climbing down the path to the village at night was still very challenging. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $