Unit 6 Grammar 句子结构课件 -2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语上册

Unit6 Seasons Grammar 1 Look and say Kids swim. We make snowmen. Leaves fall. Spring comes. 找出句子中的动词 动词后都跟宾语了吗？ Sentences V.动词 动词后是否有“动作的对象”？ Spring comes. Kids swim. Leaves fall. We make snowmen. Let's find comes swim fall make 否 否 否 是（snowmen 是 make 的对象） come, swim,fall 不需要宾语，它们是不及物动词vi. make需要宾语， 它是及物动词vt. Verbs 1. We pick apples in autumn. 2. My mom makes a snowman in winter. 3. Children plant trees in spring. 及物动词vt.需要宾语。 没有宾语则句子错误。 这些动词是什么动词？ 1. Birds sing in spring. 2. People swim in summer. 3. Leaves fall from trees in autumn. Verbs 【易错点】 “Leaves fall trees. ❌”，需补介词“from” 这些动词是什么动词？ 不及物动词vi.不需要宾语， 也不能直接加宾语。 有些动词既是及物，又是不及物。 时间 Transitive verbs及物 将句子中动词分类 1. She hides her candy in the drawer. 2. Farmers harvest apples in October. 3. The wind will blow strongly tonight. 4. The moon shines on the quiet lake. 5. Let’s divide the candies between us. 6. The party will end before 9 p.m. 7. This wire can connect two phones. 8. I want to order a cup of coffee. 9. Don’t throw stones into the river. hides harvest blow shines divide end connect order throw Intransitive verbs不及物 1. The sun shines brightly in summer. (_____) 2. Farmers grow rice in spring. (_____) 3. Autumn arrives in September. (____) 4. We pick apples on the farm. (_____) Let’s practice 判断下列句子中的动词是否及物 vi. vt. vi. vt. Fill in the blanks！ 1. Birds ___________ (sing) in the tree. 2. My mom often ______(cook) delicious food. are singing cooks 动词会有时态、三单等变化 动词 不及物动词 vi. 及物动词 vt. be动词 2“保持” 5“变成” 连系动词 linking v. 行为动词（实义动词） 1“似乎” Verbs 一个完整、正确的句子，不能没有动词。动词在句子中充当谓语。 5“感官” seem keep, stay look, smell, feel, sound, taste become, get, grow, go, turn The temperature drops. It often rains. intransitive verbs (vi.) 不及物动词 transitive verbs (vt.) 及物动词 linking verbs (linking v.) 连系动词 Farmers harvest crops. Children fly kites. Autumn leaves turn brown. People feel hot. crops kites brown hot Verbs 找出句子中的动词，并说出类别 The temperature drops. It often rains. People feel hot. Autumn leaves turn brown. Farmers harvest crops. subject主语 1. 找出句子的主语 主语：发出动作的人/物。 呈现状态的人/物 2. 观察并思考：一个完整的句子至少有什么成分？ 一个完整的句子至少有: 主语(S)和谓语动词(V)。 The temperature rises. 气温升高了。 Children fly kites. 孩子们放风筝。 People feel hot. 人们感到热。 It often rains. 天经常下雨。 Leaves turn brown. 树叶变成棕色。 Farmers harvest crops. 农民收割庄稼。 We make snowmen. 我们制造雪人。 主语Subject(s): 动作的发出者/状态的呈现者 The temperature rises. 气温上升了。 Children fly kites. 孩子们放风筝。 People feel hot. 人们感到热。 It often rains. 天经常下雨。 Leaves turn brown. 树叶变成棕色。 Farmers harvest crops. 农民收割庄稼。 We make snowmen. 我们制造雪人。 Verb(s) 谓语动词：对主语动作/特征的陈述说明 12 The temperature rises. Children fly kites. People feel hot. It often rains. Leaves turn brown. Farmers harvest crops. We make snowmen. Object(s)宾语：动作的对象，动作的承担者 孩子们放风筝。 农民收割庄稼。 我们制造雪人。 13 People feel hot. 人们感到热。 Leaves turn brown. 树叶变成棕色。 predicative(s)表语：表明主语的身份、特征、状态、性质 The temperature drops. It often rains. verbs 动词 subject 主语 S + V Sentence structure 句子结构 Farmers harvest crops. Children fly kites. verbs动词 subject主语 object宾语 S + V + O Sentence structure 句子结构 Sentence structure 句子结构 Autumn leaves turn brown. People feel hot. verbs动词 subject主语 predicative表语 S + V + P linking verb(系动词) + predicative(s) (表语) 表语：表明主语的身份、特征、状态、性质 观察并思考：什么动词后面是表语？ Let’s practice 判断句子结构 S+V+P，主语 Winter，系动词 is，表语 cold Winter is cold. S+V+O，主语 They，动词 fly，宾语 kites They fly kites. S+V，主语 Flowers，动词 bloom Flowers bloom. Spring comes. We love autumn. Winter is cold and magical. 主语S 主语S 谓语V 谓语V 宾语O 主语S 系动词V 表语P Spring comes softly. We love cool autumn. Winter is cold and magical on snowy days. 我们可以添加其他部分, 比如 副词、形容词等, 来扩充句子。 Sentence structure 句子结构 S + V + O S + V S + V S + V + O Let’s practice 判断句子结构 S+V S+V+O S+V+P vt. 时间状语 vt. vi. 地点状语 vt. vi. adv. 修饰谓语动词 linking v. adj. 修饰brown adv. 修饰谓语动词 adv. 修饰谓语动词 Let’s practice 判断动词类型和句子结构 S + V S + V + P S + V S + V + O S + V + O S + V + P (vi.) (vi.) (vt.) (linking v.) (vt.) (linking v.) P85 A 先找出句子的核心：谓语动词 P85 A S+V S+V+P S+V S+V+O S+V+O S+V+P 主语 主语 主语 主语 主语 主语 谓语(vi.) 连系动词 谓语(vt.) 连系动词 表语 地点状语 宾语 宾语 表语 谓语(vi.) 谓语(vt.) 分析句子结构 S+V+P S+V+P S+V S+V S+V+P S+V S+V+O S+V (vi.) (linking v.) (linking v.) (vi.) (linking v.) (vi.) (vt.) (vi.) 给动词画线，然后写出句子结构类型 ( ) 1.My father is 40 years old. A. Verb. B. Subject. C. Object. ( ) 2.The football game was exciting. A. Predicative. B. Verb. C. Object. ( ) 3.Lucy is cooking. A. Subject. B. Verb. C. Object. ( ) 4.The idea sounds great. A. Subject. B. Object. C. Predicative. ( ) 5.Amy is reading English. A. Subject. B. Verb. C. Direct object. B A B C C Let’s practice 1．The structure (结构) of the sentence “You receive a postcard from your brother.” is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P 2．Which of the following is the sentence pattern“S+V+P”? A．The old man walks in the park. B．I usually have breakfast at 7:00 C．The bike is new. D．She hopes to see her uncle. 3．The structure of the sentence “It rained heavily last night.” is________ . A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V √ √ √ Let’s practice 4．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “The idea sounds good.”? A．The wind is blowing hard. B．The story seems interesting. C．Children like flying kites. D．I made Mom a birthday card. 5．Which of the following has a different sentence structure? A．All the students laughed. B．Peter is swimming in the pool. C．She always gets high marks in exams. D．The temperature will drop below zero. √ √ Let’s practice What are common sentence elements? 主语（subject）-S 谓语（verb）-V 宾语（object）-O 表语（predicative）-P 定语（adverbial） 状语（adverbial） 补语（object complement） Sentence elements 句子成分 Subject---S 主语: 是句子的主体，指句子中被表述、说明或解释的核心对象或是动作的发出者，通常位于句首，其后通常跟随谓语部分。 I am the only kid of my family. The sun rises in the east. Seeing is believing. To say is one thing, to do is another. 名词 Two and two is four. What he said made me laugh. 代词 动名词 不定式 数词 从句 Circle the subject. 1. We often speak English in class. 2. 50% of the students are girls. 3. To fly kites is really an outdoor fun in spring. 4. This piece of song wins many people’s hearts. 5. Smoking is not allowed here. 6. The rich should help the poor. Subject---S 1. blow vi.&vt. 吹，刮；吹（气） 常用搭配： blow out 吹灭（蜡烛等）； blow up 给（气球等）充气； blow over（风、暴风雨等）平息； blow a kiss飞吻 归纳拓展 Language points 1. The wind strongly last night. 2. 我们需要在派对开始前把气球吹起来。 We need _____ _____ _____ the balloons before the party starts. 3. 那个女孩许了个愿然后吹灭了蛋糕上的所有蜡烛。 The girl made a wish and then ____ ____ all the candles on the cake. blew to blow up blew out Let’s practice 2. smell linking v. 有（或发出）…气味 smell 作连系动词，后接形容词作表语；作实义动词，则跟sth.作宾语 smell 的过去式有两种形式， 即：smelt/ smelled smell 还可作名词，意为“气味；臭味”作不可数名词，意为“嗅觉” 归纳拓展 Language points ① ② vt. 闻到 1. Scientists have found that dogs may know humans’ feelings by _________ our breath and sweat（汗）. A. tasting B. smelling C. touching D. watching 2. There is a delicious coming from the kitchen. Is Mom cooking fish? 3. 花园里的花闻起来真香。 The flowers in the garden ________ _________ _________. B smell smell really nice Let’s practice $