Unit 6 语法现在完成时和过去时PK 学案 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦一般过去时与现在完成时的对比学习，通过Level A“标志词识别—时态辨析—动词变形”三步填空练习，覆盖不同句式夯实基础，Level B结合生活主题写作任务，引导用过去时叙述起点、现在完成时总结影响，搭建从机械练习到语境运用的学习支架。 资料亮点在于分层设计与核心素养培养，Level A巩固语言能力，Level B通过真实情境写作提升思维品质，提供的写作引导词和范文助力学生掌握学习策略，有效衔接语法知识与实际运用，帮助学生深化时态理解并提升综合语言运用能力。

U6 语法PK (过去时VS 现在完成时） Level A: Check yourself 用括号内动词的一般过去时或现在完成时形式填空，注意句式（肯定、否定、疑问） · Tips: 一找标志词，二辨时态，三变动词 1. I ____________ (finish) my homework just now. 2. She ____________ (live) in this city for ten years. She knows it very well. 3. — ______ you ever ______ (be) to the Great Wall? — Not yet, but I plan to go next year. 4. Tom ____________ (buy) a new dictionary yesterday. 5. We ____________ (not see) each other since last summer vacation. 6. My grandparents ____________ (come) to visit us two days ago. 7. So far, our class ____________ (collect) over 500 used books for the charity. 8. — Where is your father? 9. — He ____________ (go) to the supermarket. He‘ll be back soon. 10. I first ____________ (meet) him three years ago at a party. 11. Sorry, I can‘t find my pen. I think I ____________ (lose) it. 12. ______ you ______ (watch) the news on TV last night? It was about the earthquake. 13. How long ______ your sister ______ (have) this interesting hobby? 14. The movie ____________ (begin) ten minutes ago. We’re a bit late. 15. I ____________ (never / read) such an exciting novel before. 16. He ____________ (already / send) the email. You don‘t need to remind him. 17. Her phone _________ (ring) for almost a minute. Why doesn’t she answer it? 18. They ____________ (build) a new bridge across the river last year. 19. I ____________ (not receive) any letters from my pen pal so far. 20. — Is Mr. Smith in his office? 21. — No, he _________ (go) to London on business. He will return next Friday. 22. I ____________ (not hear) the alarm clock this morning, so I ____________ (be) late for school. 23. I ____________ (read) three English novels in the past month. It really helped my vocabulary. 24. By now, all the students ____________ (hand in) their final projects. 25. He seems tired. He ____________ (work) very hard lately. 26. In the past, people ____________ (use) letters to communicate over long distances. 27. In the past five years, this small town ____________ (change) a lot. 28. I ____________ (not visit) my grandparents since last Christmas. I miss them. 29. She ____________ (receive) three awards for her science project so far. 30. In the past, most people ____________ (not have) access to the Internet. 31. ______ you ______ (decide) where to go for the summer holiday yet? 32. My brother ____________ (join) the army two years ago. 33. We ____________ (know) each other for more than a decade. 34. Recently, scientists ____________ (make) a major breakthrough in cancer research. 35. He ____________ (not finish) reading the report by now, so the meeting is postponed. 36. ______ they ______ (climb) Mount Tai last month? 37. I ______never ______ (/forget) the kind help you gave me when I was in trouble. 38. The city ____________ (build) two new subway lines in the past five years. 39. She ______already______ ( book) the tickets for the concert. They’re in her drawer. 40. Lately, my neighbor ____________ (practice) the piano a lot, and it sounds beautiful. 41. In 2020, the pandemic ____________ (affect) people’s lives all over the world. 42. How many letters ______ you ______ (write) since the beginning of this term? 43. The famous writer ____________ (pass away) a long time ago, but his works are still popular. 44. I ____________ (not hear) any news from him recently. I hope he’s okay. 45. By now, we ____________ (complete) all the preparations for the party. 46. ______ your parents ______ (travel) abroad before? 47. The environmental problem ____________ (become) much more serious in the past few decades. 48. He _____just_______ ( recover) from a serious illness and is still weak. 49. My grandmother ____________ (tell) me that fascinating story many times when I was a child. 50. So far, no one ____________ (find) a perfect solution to this global issue. 51. Where ______ you ______ (put) the car keys? I can’t find them anywhere. 52. In ancient times, people ____________ (believe) the Earth was flat. 53. I ____________ (not see) such a spectacular performance until now. 54. In the past, that old bridge ____________ (stand) there connecting the two sides of the river. 55. Over the years, this small company ____________ (grow) into an international enterprise. 56. Last century, telegrams ____________ (be) an important means of communication. 57. Look at the tidy room! The children finally ____________ (clean) it up. Level B: Challenge yourself (灵活运用这两种时态） · 核心写作思路提示 · 一般过去时： 用于叙述故事的起点、过去某个具体时间点的动作或状态。回答“何时开始？”“当时做了什么？”。 · 现在完成时： 用于总结从过去持续至今的状态、经历或影响。回答“持续多久了？”“至今有何变化/收获/成果？标志词是路标： 在写作构思时，有意识地为自己“设置”一些标志词，可以确保时态使用的准确性。 · Practice and drill 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 【描述一项“变化”】 任务背景： 你们班级的英语角（English Corner）本期主题是“Changes Around Me”。请你准备一篇短文，描述你生活中一项重要的积极变化。 任务要求： 1.请描述这项变化是什么。 2.说明这项变化是何时、如何开始的（使用一般过去时）。 3.阐述这项变化至今带来了哪些具体的影响或成果（使用现在完成时）。 4.谈谈你对这项变化的感受。 A Positive Change in My Life A meaningful change in my life is that I have grown to love reading. This change began two years ago when my English teacher suggested an interesting novel to me. Since then, I have developed a strong reading habit. Over the past two years, I have read more than thirty books in both Chinese and English. This practice has greatly helped me. It has improved my vocabulary and writing skills, and it has also broadened my view of the world. I am truly thankful for this change. Reading has brought more color and richness to my daily life, and I look forward to discovering many more good books in the future. 2.【个人习惯与成长】 主题： A Good Habit I‘ve Developed (我已养成的一个好习惯) 情景： 1.简要介绍这个习惯是什么。 2.说明这个习惯是如何开始的（例如：受谁影响、因何事触发）。(使用一般过去时) 3.阐述这个习惯已经持续了多久，以及它给你带来了哪些积极的变化或好处。(使用现在完成时) 引导词建议： ago, One day..., At first... (用于过去时)； for..., since..., Now I have..., So far, it has... (用于现在完成时) A Good Habit I’ve Developed A good habit I have developed is reading before bed, which began two years ago after receiving a book as a birthday gift from my mother. That night, feeling bored, I read a few pages and found it interesting. Since then, I have read for about twenty minutes nearly every night. This consistent routine has greatly improved my vocabulary. In the past year alone, I have finished over fifteen novels. So far, the habit has not only helped me fall asleep more easily but also provided me with a peaceful and enjoyable time each evening. A Good Habit I‘ve Developed Among all the positive changes in my life, developing the habit of keeping a diary stands out as the most rewarding. It began three years ago, when my English teacher suggested that writing daily could improve my language skills. I bought a notebook and started writing a few sentences every night. At first, it felt like a task, but I persisted. Since then, this simple act has transformed into a cherished routine. Over the years, I have filled four notebooks with my thoughts, joys, and worries. More importantly, I have noticed a significant improvement in my writing fluency and self-reflection ability. This habit has become my personal time capsule. It has not only recorded my growth but also taught me the power of consistency. I will certainly continue this journey of self-discovery. 3.【家乡/社区变迁】 主题： The Change in My Hometown (我家乡的变化) 情景： 1.总体描述你的家乡发生了怎样的积极变化。 2.对比过去的样子（如：几年前的样子）。(使用一般过去时) 3.描述近年来发生的具体变化（如：新建了哪些设施、环境如何改善）。(使用现在完成时) 4.谈谈你对这些变化的感受。 引导词建议： ...years ago, In the past, When I was young... (用于过去时)； In the past few years, Recently, Up to now, have built/improved/become (用于现在完成时) The Change in My Hometown My hometown has had a big change in the last few years. It looks different and is a better place to live now. I remember when I was a child, the river was dirty, and we didn't have nice parks. A few years ago, the government started a project to make things better. Since then, they have cleaned the river and built a beautiful park beside it. Now, the air is cleaner. People go to the park to walk, play, and have fun. This change has made everyone in my hometown happier. The Change in My Hometown My hometown has undergone a remarkable transformation in recent years, evolving from a sleepy town into a vibrant community. This change is a source of great pride for all residents. A decade ago, our town lacked basic amenities. The roads were narrow, and there was no public park. The turning point came when a new highway connected us to the city six years ago. Since that connection, our town has developed rapidly. The government has built a modern library, a sports center, and several green parks. New businesses have opened, creating many jobs. These developments have significantly improved our quality of life. The town has not only become more prosperous but also retained its friendly atmosphere. We all look forward to an even brighter future. 4.【科技与生活】 主题： How Technology Has Changed My Learning (科技如何改变了我的学习) 情景： 1.点明科技对你的学习方式产生了重要影响。 2.描述在拥有某个电子设备或使用某个学习软件之前，你是如何学习的。(使用一般过去时) 3.重点叙述自从使用这些科技产品以来，你的学习发生了哪些具体变化（如：效率、方式、资源获取）。(使用现在完成时) 引导词建议： Before I got..., I used to... (用于过去时)； Since then, With the help of..., I have..., It has made it possible for me to... (用于现在完成时) How Technology Has Changed My Learning Using technology has changed the way I study in a very good way. Before I had a tablet, I used books from the library and wrote my notes by hand. It took a lot of time. Last year, I got a tablet for my birthday. Since I started using learning apps and websites, I have found information much faster. I have also joined online study groups with my classmates. Technology has made my studies easier and more interesting. Now, I can learn many new things anytime I want. How Technology Has Changed My Learning The integration of technology into my studies has revolutionized my learning process, making it more efficient and interactive than ever before. In the past, my research was limited to school library books, which were often outdated. My perspective changed completely two years ago when I first used an online academic database. Since that moment, I have had access to the latest global research. I have learned to use various tools to organize notes and create presentations. Furthermore, I have collaborated on projects with classmates in real-time through cloud platforms. Technology has turned me into an independent learner. It has empowered me to take control of my education and explore knowledge beyond textbooks. The digital world is now my most valuable classroom. 5.【一次经历与持续影响】 主题： An Unforgettable Experience and Its Impact (一次难忘的经历及其影响) 情景： 1.简述一次对你影响深远的经历（如：一次比赛、一次志愿服务、一次旅行）。 2.叙述经历本身（何时、何地、发生了什么）。(使用一般过去时) 3.阐述从那次经历到现在，它对你产生了哪些持续的影响（如：改变了你的看法、让你养成了新习惯、给了你持久的信心）。(使用现在完成时) 引导词建议： Last summer, On that day, I felt... (用于过去时)； Since that experience, I have come to realize..., I have kept..., It has taught me... (用于现在完成时) An Unforgettable Experience and Its Impact Last spring, I joined a tree-planting activity with my school. It was a special day that I will always remember. On that day, we worked hard and planted many trees in the mountains. I was very tired but felt happy. Since that day, I have thought differently about nature. I have started to do more to help the environment.For example, I now sort our garbage at home and tell my friends to save water. That experience has planted a seed of green living in my heart and has taught me to care more about our planet. An Unforgettable Experience and Its Impact A volunteering experience at a local animal shelter last summer has profoundly shaped my character and worldview. It was far more than just a way to spend my holidays. During that week, I was responsible for feeding and cleaning the animals. I witnessed their vulnerability and their capacity for affection. The moment I helped a shy kitten learn to trust humans remains vivid in my memory. Since that week ended, I have become a committed advocate for animal welfare. I have regularly donated part of my pocket money to the shelter and have volunteered there monthly. This experience has ignited a lasting sense of compassion and responsibility within me. It has taught me that even small, consistent actions can make a real difference in the world. 6.【文化探索与收获】 主题： My Journey of Learning about__________ (我的...探索之旅) 主题填充示例： Chinese Traditional Culture / A Foreign Language / Environmental Protection 情景： 1.说明你对某个领域（如：中国书法、法语、环保知识）产生兴趣并开始探索。 2.描述你是如何开始的（如：何时上了第一节课、读了第一本书）。(使用一般过去时) 3.总结到目前为止，你在这个领域的探索取得了哪些进展或收获（如：学会了什么技能、了解了哪些知识、完成了什么作品）。(使用现在完成时) 引导词建议： My interest started when..., I first... (用于过去时)； Up till now, I have learned..., I have been able to..., So far, I have read... (用于现在完成时) My Journey of Learning about Chinese Calligraphy My journey of learning Chinese calligraphy began a year ago when I visited a cultural exhibition. I was amazed by the beauty of the writing. My interest began after I saw beautiful calligraphy at a museum. Soon after, I got my first brush and started taking classes. Over the past year, I have practiced a lot and I have learned the basic strokes and the long stories behind this old art. By now, I have already completed my first simple artwork. This process has not only taught me a skill but also has made me appreciate our traditional culture more deeply. My Journey of Learning about Chinese Calligraphy My journey into the world of Chinese calligraphy has been a three-year adventure of discipline, beauty, and cultural discovery. It is a pursuit that has deeply enriched my life. It all started when I received a calligraphy set as a gift from my grandfather. I was intrigued by the elegant tools. My first attempts were messy; controlling the brush seemed impossible. However, I have practiced diligently every weekend since then. Over these years, I have mastered basic strokes and learned about the history behind different styles. I have also completed several pieces that hang in our home. This artistic journey has done more than teach me a skill. It has cultivated immense patience in me and has served as a bridge to understanding the depth of traditional Chinese aesthetics. I am grateful for this lifelong gift. U6 语法 PK（过去时 VS 现在完成时）答案 Level A 1 1. 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. finished 3. has lived 4. Have; been 5. bought 6. haven't seen 7. came 8. has collected 9. has gone 10. met 11. have lost 12. Did; watch 13. has; had 14. began 15. have never read 16. has already sent 17. has been ringing 18. built 19. haven't received 20. has gone 21. didn't hear; was 22. 23. 24. have read 25. have handed in 26. has been working/has worked 27. used 28. has changed 29. haven't visited 30. has received 31. didn't have 32. Have; decided 33. joined 34. have known 35. have made 36. hasn't finished 37. Did; climb 38. have; forgotten 39. has built 40. has; booked 41. has been practicing/has practiced 42. affected 43. have; written 44. 45. passed away 46. haven't heard 47. have completed 48. Have; traveled 49. has become 50. has; recovered 51. told 52. has found 53. have; put 54. believed 55. haven't seen 56. had stood 57. has grown 58. were 59. have cleaned $