Unit 1～14 单元语法总结表+巩固练习2025-2026学年人教版（2012）英语九年级全册

该初中英语讲义通过单元化系统梳理构建了九年级全册语法知识体系，每个单元聚焦核心语法点，运用分类表格（如By的用法分类、情态动词推测可能性表）、易混结构对比（如by doing/with/in用法区分）、时态呼应规则梳理等工具呈现知识脉络，清晰展现重难点分布及内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“语法精讲-分层练习-中考衔接”的一体化设计，如通过句型转换、翻译句子等基础练习夯实语言能力，结合中考真题（如2024北京宾语从句题）培养思维品质，扩展版练习满足不同层次学生需求。综合练习中的完形填空语法应用、书面表达语法融合等设计，支持学生自主复习，教师可据此实施精准化教学。

人教版九年级英语 U1~U14 单元语法总结表+巩固练习 Unit 1 How can we become good learners? By的用法 含义：表示使用某种手段、方式或交通工具，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 分类用法： 1. by + 交通工具： by bike/bus/plane（中间不加冠词） → 例句： She usually goes to school by bike. → 例外： on foot（步行，不用by foot） 2. by + 方式方法： by reading/listening/speaking → 例句1： I learn English by watching English movies. → 例句2： He improved his grades by studying hard. → 例句3： They solved the problem by working together. 3. by + 时间点： by 6 o'clock（不迟于某时间） → 例句： We must finish the work by Friday. 易混结构对比： 结构 用法 例句 by doing 通过做某事 Learn by doing. with + 工具 使用具体工具 Write with a pen. in + 语言/材料 用某种语言/材料 Speak in English. 巩固练习（扩展版） 1. 句型转换： He learns English by joining an English club. （对划线部分提问） → How does he learn English? 2. 翻译句子：我们可以通过每天练习来提高口语。 → We can improve our speaking by practicing every day. 3. 语法填空： She goes to work by car, but comes back on foot. Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious! that/if/whether引导的宾语从句 that用法： - 引导陈述句作宾语，无意义可省略 - 例句1： She said (that) she would come tomorrow. - 例句2： I believe (that) he is honest. - 注意：主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态 → He said (that) he was watching TV. （现在进行时→过去进行时） if/whether用法： 1. 相同点：引导一般疑问句，意为"是否" → I don't know if/whether it will rain. 2. 不同点： - whether可与or not连用， if不可 → Correct: I wonder whether he will come or not. → Incorrect: I wonder if he will come or not. - whether可置于句首， if不可 → Whether he will come is still unknown. 中考链接： （2024·北京） — Could you tell me ______ the meeting will start? — At 9:00 tomorrow morning. A. when B. if C. that D. how （答案：A） 巩固练习（扩展版） 1. 选择填空： I'm not sure B she likes coffee. A. that B. if C. what D. who 2. 改错： I asked him if he would come or not. → I asked him whether he would come or not. 3. 完成句子： She told me that she had finished (她已经完成了作业). Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 连接词分类： 类型 疑问词 用法 例句 连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose 在从句中作主语/宾语/定语 Do you know who broke the window? 连接副词 when, where, why, how 在从句中作状语 Please tell me how I can get there. 语序规则： - 必须用陈述句语序（疑问词+主语+谓语） → Correct: Can you tell me where he lives? → Incorrect: Can you tell me where does he live?时态呼应： - 主句为现在时，从句可根据实际情况用任何时态→ I know what he is doing now. → I know what he did yesterday. - 主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态→ He asked where she would go. 巩固练习（扩展版） 1. 合并句子： Where is the post office? Could you tell me? → Could you tell me where the post office is? 2. 语法填空： I want to know if/whether he will come tomorrow. 3. 翻译句子：老师解释了为什么我们需要学习英语。 → The teacher explained why we need to learn English. Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark used to用法 核心结构： 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 used to + 动词原形 I used to play tennis. 否定句 didn't use to + 动词原形 She didn't use to wear glasses. 疑问句 Did...use to + 动词原形? Did you use to live here? 与be used to的区别： 结构 含义 搭配 例句 used to 过去常常 + 动词原形 I used to swim. be used to 习惯于 + 名词/doing I am used to swimming. 写作应用： - 描述个人成长变化时常用 → In primary school, I used to be shy, but now I'm more outgoing. 巩固练习（扩展版） 1. 对比填空： - He used to live in Paris, but now he lives in London. - She is used to getting up early, so she isn't late for school. 2. 句型转换： They used to play football after school.（改为否定句） → They didn.t use to play football after school. 3. 短文填空： My grandmother used to tell stories (过去常讲故事) to me when I was a child. Now she is used to using a mobile phone (习惯于用手机) to watch videos. ( Unit 5 What are the shirts made o f? ) 一般现在时的被动语态 基本结构 ：am/is/are + 过去分词 - 肯定句： The cake is made by my mother. - 否定句： The cake isn.t made by my mother. - 疑问句： Is the cake made by your mother? 特殊用法： 1. 不及物动词无被动语态 （happen, take place, appear等） → 错误： A car accident was happened yesterday. → 正确： A car accident happened yesterday. 2. 主动表被动：某些动词（sell, write, wash等）用主动形式表被动意义→ This pen writes well.（这支笔好写） → The books sell quickly.（这些书畅销） 中考真题： （2023·上海）Paper ______ from wood. A. makes B. is made C. made D. will be made （答案： B） 巩固练习（扩展版） 1. 用被动语态改写： People grow rice in the south. → Rice is grown in the south. 2. 语法选择： This kind of cloth A soft and A well. A. feels; sells B. is felt; is sold C. feels; is sold D. is felt; sells 3. 翻译句子：这个图书馆的书可以被学生们借走两周。 → Books in this library can be borrowed by students for two weeks. Unit 6 When was it invented? 一般过去时的被动语态 结构 ：was/were + 过去分词 - 单数主语： The telephone was invented in 1876. - 复数主语： Many houses were built last year. 时间状语： - 明确过去时间： in 2000, last year, yesterday - 例句： The Great Wall was built (build) hundreds of years ago. by短语的位置： - 动作执行者已知时用by短语 → The light bulb was invented by Edison. - 可置于句末或句首（强调时） → By whom was the computer invented? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 易混时态对比： 时态 含义 结构 例句 一般过去时 主动过去动作 主语+过去式 Edison invented the bulb. 过去被动语态 被动过去动作 was/were+过去分词 The bulb was invented by Edison. 巩固练习（扩展版） 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空： - The first computer was invented (invent) in 1946. - Many trees were planted (plant) in our school last spring. 2. 句型转换： They built this bridge in 2010. （改为被动语态） → This bridge was built in 2010. 3. 翻译句子：这些照片是我爸爸昨天拍的。 → These photos were taken by my father yesterday. ( Unit 7 Teenagers shou ld be allowed to choose their own clothes. ) 含有情态动词的被动语态 核心结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 情态动词 含义 例句 can 能被... The work can be finished today. may 可以被... The book may be kept for two weeks. must 必须被... Homework must be handed in on time. should 应该被... Children should be taken good care of. 否定形式：情态动词 + not + be + 过去分词 - The room should not be cleaned now. - This book can.t be taken out of the library.中考考点： - 情态动词被动语态与主动语态的转换 → 主动： We must keep the room clean. → 被动： The room must be kept clean. 巩固练习（扩展版） 1. 选择填空： The problem B by the teacher. A. should explain B. should be explained C. explains D. explained 2. 句型转换： We can solve this problem easily. （改为被动语态） → This problem can be solved easily. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 3. 翻译句子：学生们不应该被允许在课堂上使用手机。 → Students should not be allowed to use phones in class. Unit 8 It must belong to Carla. 情态动词表推测的用法 肯定推测： 情态动词 可能性 例句 must 90%（一定） He must be at home.（灯亮着） may 50%（可能） She may come tomorrow. might/could 30%（或许） It might rain later. 否定推测： 情态动词 含义 例句 can't 不可能（0%） He can't be 10 years old.（看起来像成年人） may not 可能不（40%） She may not like coffee. 时态搭配： - 对现在情况推测：情态动词 + be/动词原形→ He must be sleeping. - 对过去情况推测：情态动词 + have + 过去分词→ She must have gone to school. 巩固练习（扩展版） 1. 情景选择：听到隔壁有钢琴声，你推测是Lucy在弹钢琴（她是唯一会弹钢琴的人） → The piano must belong to Lucy. 2. 语法填空： The book must be Tom's. His name is on it. 3. 翻译句子：他不可能在说谎，因为他从不说谎。 → He can.t be lying, because he never tells lies. Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to 定语从句（扩展版） 关系代词用法详解： 关系代词 先行词 在从句中作成分 例句 who 人 主语/宾语 The girl who is singing is my sister. whom 人 宾语（可省略） The man whom you met is a doctor. 关系代词 先行词 在从句中作成分 例句 which 物 主语/宾语 The book which I bought is interesting. that 人/物 主语/宾语 The boy that helped me is Tom. whose 人/物 定语（后接名词） I know a girl whose father is a teacher. 关系副词用法： 关系副词 含义 先行词 例句 when 时间 time/day/year等 I remember the day when we first met. where 地点 place/room/city等 This is the school where I studied. why 原因 reason Do you know the reason why he was late? 避免重复使用： - 错误： This is the book that I bought it yesterday.（it多余） - 正确： This is the book that I bought yesterday. 巩固练习（扩展版） 1. 合并句子： I have a friend. He likes playing basketball.（用who连接） → I have a friend who likes playing basketball. 2. 语法填空： This is the reason why he left his job. 3. 改错：The girl which is standing there is my cousin. → The girl who/that is standing there is my cousin. Unit 10 You.re supposed to shake hands. be supposed to句型 基本含义："应该做某事"，相当于should - 肯定句： You are supposed to arrive on time. - 否定句： You aren.t supposed to smoke here. - 疑问句： Are we supposed to bring gifts?与should的区别： - be supposed to：强调"按规定/习俗应该" → Students are supposed to wear uniforms.（学校规定） - should：强调个人建议 → You should study harder.（个人建议） 时态变化： - 过去时： was/were supposed to（本应做但未做） → I was supposed to meet her, but I forgot. 巩固练习（扩展版） 1. 翻译句子：我们不应该在图书馆大声说话。 → We aren.t supposed to talk loudly in the library. 2. 语法填空： You are supposed to (应该) finish your homework before dinner. 3. 情景回答：当别人问你"Are we supposed to take off our shoes here?"时，回答"是的，这是习俗。" → Yes, it.s a local/customary custom. Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry. 使役动词make的用法 核心结构： 1. make + 宾语 + 形容词（使...处于某种状态） → The news made her happy. → This movie makes me sad. 2. make + 宾语 + 动词原形（使...做某事，被动语态用to do） → My mother makes me clean my room.（主动） → I was made to clean my room. （被动，必须加to） 3. make + 宾语 + 名词（使...成为...） → We made him our monitor. 常见搭配： - make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 - make sth. for sb. 为某人制作某物 - make up one's mind 下定决心 巩固练习（扩展版） 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空： - The teacher made him stand (stand) for an hour. - He was made to stand (stand) for an hour by the teacher. 2. 句型转换： The noise made me angry. （改为被动语态） → I was made angry by the noise. 3. 翻译句子：这个好消息使我们所有人都很兴奋。 → The good news made all of us very excited. Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected 过去完成时（深度扩展） 时间标志词分类： 标志词类型 示例 例句 by + 过去时间点 by last week/2020 We had finished by last Friday. before + 过去时从句 before he came I had left before he came. 副词 already/never/ever She had already eaten dinner. 与一般过去时的对比： 时态 含义 时间线 例句 一般过去时 过去发生的动作 单一过去时间点 He arrived at 8am. 过去完成时 过去的过去的动作 两个过去时间点对比 He had arrived before I came. 固定句型详解： 1. This was the first time + that从句 （从句用过去完成时） → This was the first time I had visited Beijing. 2. Hardly...when...（刚...就...， hardly后用过去完成时， when后用一般过去时） → Hardly had I fallen asleep when the phone rang. 3. No sooner...than...（刚...就...， no sooner后用过去完成时） → No sooner had she left than it began to rain. 巩固练习（中考难度） 1. 语法填空： By the time I got to the station, the train had left (leave). 2. 句型转换： He finished his homework. Then he went to bed. （用过去完成时合并） → He had finished his homework before he went to bed. 3. 翻译句子：这是我第一次见到如此美丽的景色。 → This was the first time I had seen such a beautiful view. Unit 13 We.re trying to save the earth! 现在进行时与现在完成时（综合扩展） 现在进行时深度解析： 1. 表示现阶段正在进行（不一定此刻正在做） → I am learning French this term.（本学期一直在学） 2. 与always/constantly连用表反复动作（常含感情色彩） → He is always losing his keys.（抱怨语气） 3. 位置移动动词表将来 （go/come/leave/arrive等） → My father is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 现在完成时时间标志词分类： 标志词类型 示例 例句 since + 过去时间点 since 2010/since I was 5 I have lived here since 2010. for + 时间段 for 3 years/for a long time He has studied English for 5 years. 不确定时间 already/yet/ever/never Have you ever been to Beijing? 时态对比表格： 情景 时态选择 例句 此刻正在做 现在进行时 I am eating now. 从过去持续到现在 现在完成时 I have eaten for 10 minutes. 过去动作对现在影响 现在完成时 I have eaten, so I'm not hungry. 巩固练习（综合版） 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空： - Listen! Someone is singing (sing) in the next room. - We have lived (live) here for 10 years. 2. 语法选择： I C this book for three days. A. read B. am reading C. have read D. will read 3. 翻译句子：他已经学英语五年了，现在他正在读一本英文小说。 → He has studied English for five years, and now he is reading an English novel. Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. 动词时态综合复习（中考冲刺版） 六大基本时态对比表： 时态 结构 时间标志词 例句 一般现在时 动词原形/三单 often/usually/every day He gets up at 6am. 一般过去时 动词过去式 yesterday/last week/in 2020 I went to Beijing last year. 一般将来时 will + 动词原形/be going to tomorrow/next week I will go shopping tomorrow. 现在进行时 am/is/are + doing now/look/listen They are playing basketball now. 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 since/for/already We have lived here for 5 years. 过去进行时 was/were + doing at 8pm yesterday I was watching TV at 8pm yesterday. 时态呼应规则： 1. 主句为现在时，从句可用任何时态 → I know he is studying now.（现在进行时） → I know he studied yesterday.（一般过去时） 2. 主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态 → He said he would come tomorrow.（一般将来时→过去将来时） → She told me she had finished the work. （现在完成时→过去完成时） 中考真题演练 1. （2024·广东） — What were you doing at 9pm last night? — I C a movie with my family. ( A. watch B . watched C . was watching D . am watching 2. （2023·浙江） We C in this school for three years . A. study B . studied C . have studied D . will study 3. （2024·江苏） My mother often tells me that I A work hard to achieve my dream . A. must B . could C . would D . might ) 期末语法综合练习 ( 完形填空（语法应用篇） When I was young , I used to be ( be ) very shy . I was afraid of speaking in public . My teacher told me that I should ( should ) practice more . She said that if I practiced ( practice ) every day , I could ( can ) improve . One day , I was asked ( ask ) to give a speech in class . I was nervous , but I remembered ( remember ) my teacher ' s words . Before the speech , I had prepared ( prepare ) for two weeks . When I stood on the stage , I found that I was not ( not be ) as nervous as I thought . After that , I became ( become ) more confident . Now I like ( like ) speaking in public . I realize that practice makes ( make ) perfect . 阅读理解（语法分析题） 阅读下面短文，指出文中划线部分所用的语 法结构： 1. " The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting ." → 定语 从句 2. " I will go to the park if it doesn ' t rain tomorrow ." → 条件状语 从句 3. " By the time I arrived , the party had already started ." → 过去完成 时态 书面表达（语法应用） 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 来信询问你学习英语的方法。请你回信，结合本单元所学语法知识， 介绍你通过" by + doing "结构学习英语的方法（至少三种 ）。 要求： - 用到 by + doing 结构 - 用到宾语从句 - 80词左右 （范文框架） Dear Tom, I' m glad to hear from you . You asked how I learn English . I learn English by reading ( read ) English books . My teacher always says that practice ( practice ) is very important . I also improve my speaking by talking ( talk ) with my classmates . Best wishes , Li Hua ) $