精品解析：2026届上海市黄浦区高三上学期一模（期终调研测试）英语试题

黄浦区2025学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试 英 语 试 卷 (完卷时间：105分钟 满分：115分) 第I 卷(共75分) I.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. Delhi divided over feeding homeless dogs Megha Malhotra has been feeding homeless dogs for almost two years. Every evening, she places food at a feeding spot near her building’s exit gate. But in recent weeks, she ___1___ (sense) growing unease among residents every time she puts out the food.Some have even challenged her,insisting she stop. ___2___ (feed) the animals.Ms Malhotra says she usually prefers to stay calm in such situations,but there have been instances ____3____ she’s had to be firmer. In August,the Supreme court modified its earlier order requiring all homeless dogs in Delhi ___4___ (send) into shelters.It instead ruled that dogs must be returned to their neighbourhood — but with a waning that violent dogs should go to shelters. Yet some residents interpreted this ___5___ a blanket prevention on feeding dogs.” There is fear in the minds of people that the dogs would attack them. They don’t realize that these animals just need love and care,” Ms Malhotra says. Homeless dogs are a familiar presence across Indian cities,particularly in Delhi.which ____6____ (estimate) to have close to one million — though there has been no official count carried out in the last decade. These dogs are seen so strongly as part of the community ___7___ they share daily life with people and depend on them for food. However,a rising number of people in Delhi say they fear dog bites and groups of homeless dogs can often be seen chasing children and the elderly.Government data shows that there were 3.7 million ____8____ (report) cases of dog bites across the country in 2024. “But ___9___ is clear is that feeders aren’t the problem—they’re part of the solution,” says activist Ambika Shukla. ”They are the ones keeping dogs gentle and their presence makes it _____10_____(easy) to pick them up and load them into vans (货运车).” Section B Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. combining B. defenseless C. diversified D. efficiency E. mixed F. origins G. possibilities H. previously I. promising J. reasonably K. transformed What’s a Potato? A Nine-Million-Year-Old Tomato. As a foodstuff, the potato can be baked, boiled, fried and more. As a crop, it is among the world’s most important, with more than 350 million tons produced annually. Its ____11____ — it requires less land than rice — and its ability to grow in a variety of environments has made it essential to global food security. For all that, the plant’s ____12____ have remained unclear. According to a study published on July 24, 2025, potatoes may have arisen nine million years ago through the ____13____ of genetic (基因的) material from Etuberosum, a group of potato-like plants from South America, and wild tomato plants. According to the study, this hybridization event led to the birth of the potato plant’s unique feature, the tuber, an underground structure which, as humans eventually discovered, is eatable. But why do potatoes look like one plant but share relationship with another? The researchers found that the modern potato had a(n). ____14____ ancestry, which arose from a hybrid tomato and Etuberosum families eight million to nine million years ago and led to the start of tubers. This hybridization may have ____15____ potato species and enabled them to expand their range across cold regions. It was a very well-done study, indicating that the genes responsible for tuber formation were a combination of the genetic material from each evolutionary parent. Pingxian Zhang from the Chinese Academy for Agricultural Sciences expressed excitement at the ___16___ for future studies. Only a handful of potato species are planted, and improving on them has posed challenges: As a crop, they are typically spread through cloning, which limits their genetic variety and makes them more ____17____ to diseases. Engineering potatoes with genetic material from tomatoes could be a(n) ____18____ way forward, Dr. Zhang said. In the last few years, researchers have been able to analyze genomes at a much larger scale than before and infer ____19____ mysterious evolutionary connections. These studies have_____20_____ our understanding of what might have occurred in the past. II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Most of us sometimes fail to practice what we speak. That’s a solid definition of hypocrisy. While we’re ____21____ to spot this moral inconsistency in others, we have a hard time recognizing it in ourselves. And studies show that the people we most like to label as hypocrites are our enemies — surprise! — and others who we think aren’t like us. We’re motivated to see other people as hypocritical because it helps us win arguments, but we tend to ____22____ our own inconsistency. We’re often annoyed by other people’s hypocrisy because it seems ____23____. We think that they are ____24____ implying to others that they are better than they actually are. Nobody likes being a hypocrite. Yet, ____25____ it’s impossible to always act consistently, because different situations may require different responses. Take parenting, for example. You may reasonably lecture your teenager on the dangers of drinking too much, yet you did exactly that on occasion when you were in college. A college student who doesn’t eat meat because she loves animals admitted that she sometimes wore “cute” ____26____ shoes. Since we’re able to so easily spot hypocrisy in others, how can we become better at spotting and ____27____ it in ourselves? To start with, we can ____28____ that it is normal to be inconsistent sometimes. And remember that hypocrisy is just one ____29____ for the behavior. Daniel Effron, a professor who has studied hypocrisy, ____30____ labeling other people as hypocrites. “It can stop you from ____31____ the substance of their argument,” he says. It also takes some ____32____ to identify our own hypocrisy. Ask yourself: “Am I behaving in a way that is consistent with the views I am ____33____?” If you do decide that you’re being hypocritical, admit it. Research shows that when people are ____34____ their own hypocrisy, others tend to forgive them for not being consistent. And here’s some good news: People who notice their own hypocritical behavior often are motivated to change because the ____35____ of advocating for something but not actually doing it makes people very uncomfortable. Rather than feeling ashamed about our hypocrisy, we should welcome the opportunity to learn to do better next time. 21. A. foolish B. good C. quick D. unwilling 22. A. demonstrate B. hide C. improve D. justify 23. A. disorderly B. illogical C. impolite D. unfair 24. A. automatically B. falsely C. generally D. strongly 25. A. after all B. as a result C. in reality D. what’s more 26. A. gym B. leather C. rubber D. track 27. A. analyzing B. ignoring C. illustrating D. preventing 28. A. accept B. check C. consider D. prove 29. A. basis B. example C. explanation D. misunderstanding 30. A. acts on B. gives up C. turns to D. warns against 31. A. contributing to B. engaging in C. questioning about D. summarizing into 32. A. self-confidence B. self-discipline C. self-reflection D. self-respect 33. A. adopting B. challenging C. clarifying D. discussing 34. A. alarmed at B. blind to C. honest about D. tired of 35. A. avoidance B. disagreement C. ignorance D. resolution Section B Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) Judge Caprio, who retired from Providence Municipal Court in 2023 after almost 40 years, said his courtroom was where people and cases were met with kindness and sympathy. It was his show, “Caught in Providence,” first seen on TV in Providence in 1988, that made him famous later in his life. The show broadcast real proceedings for small driving mistakes, housing and zoning issues, and minor illegal acts inside a city courtroom. The show began attracting national attention in about 2017, when video clips were posted online.It featured fresh episodes directly from Judge Caprio’s courtroom, making him a famous 80-year-old star. By the end of the 2010s, about 200 stations across the country carried the program. In one popular clip, Judge Caprio tossed out a speeding charge against a 96-year-old man after learning that he had been driving his son to cancer treatment. “You really are what America is all about,” Judge Caprio told the man. “Here you are in your 90s, and you’re still taking care of your family. That’s just a wonderful thing.” Judge Caprio’s courthouse is in Federal Hill, a neighborhood that in the 1920s became one of the most heavily populated Italian American communities in the country. He was born in 1936 and his father worked as a fruit pack-man and milkman. He told a Providence College publication that he recalled gathering close with his family in winters “with the oven door open so we could get heat.” On one of those nights, his father told him that he would become a lawyer someday. “Look around, if I needed a lawyer, I could not afford one,” his father told him. “Remember that. You can never forget where you came from.” As a child, Judge Caprio shined shoes, delivered newspapers and worked on a milk truck. He later said that this upbringing gave him the sympathetic perspective he brought to his courtroom. “He was more than an expert in law — he was a symbol of understanding as a judge, showing us what is possible when justice is tempered with humanity.” Gov. Dan McKee of Rhode Island said in a statement after Judge Caprio’s death in August, 2025. 36 “Caught in Providence” is characterized by_________. A. setting up a positive image for lawyers B. solving violent crime trials C showing real courtroom cases D. filming cases across multiple states 37. The underlined phrase “toss out” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “_________”. A. beat B. fight C. reduce D. withdraw 38. What can be concluded from Judge Caprio’s childhood experience? A. He developed a sense of care for others. B. Fear of system faults kept him from cases. C. He chose to be a lawyer after trying different jobs. D. It was hard for him to make a living in cold weather. 39. Judge Caprio believed that_________. A. justice could be both firm and caring B. the law should treat the elderly with mercy C. a troubled childhood could drive one to pursue D. trial live-streaming was a great way to gain fame (B) Metsika Privacy Your privacy is important to us About Metsika Metsika is the most powerful anti-spam (垃圾信息) service for the web. Metsika works by checking all your comments against our constantly-growing global spam database to remove irrelevant, nasty content before it gets published and damages your site’s credibility. When Metsika is enabled on your site, only the personal data needed to carry out Metsika’s core function of protecting your site against comment spam is collected from commenters on your site. We do not sell the data you send to the Metsika service, and we do not keep it for long. We keep the data between two weeks and ninety days for the vast majority of our spam-related data, at which point it is automatically deleted from our databases. Anyone can switch off all long-term tracking for the very small subset of data we do keep longer by using our contact form. Who we are and what we stand for Metsika is brought to you by Botumittac, the makers of PressWord.com, Jatpeck, and DeeCommerce. We’re a company with 2,000 employees across 90 countries speaking 80 different languages. Our common goal is to make publishing accessible to everyone so that anyone with a story can tell it, regardless of income, gender, politics, language, or where they live in the world. You can read more about Botumittac on our About Us page. For more information Privacy Terms We’ve decided to make these Terms available under a Creative Commons Sharealike license. You’re more than welcome to copy them, adapt them, and repurpose them for your own use. If you do use these Terms, we’d appreciate a credit and link to Metsika.com somewhere on your website. 40. From “About Metsika”, we know Metsika intends to ______. A. provide more data for the global spam database B switch off most long-term tracking automatically C. help websites protect against harmful spam comments D. delete collected data stored for longer than two weeks 41. What is the focus of Botumittac? A. A website that you’d like to defend against spam. B. Its employees’ right to tell stories in different languages. C. The makers of PressWord.com, Jatpeck, and DeeCommerce. D. Everyone’s opportunity to share their stories through publishing. 42. For a website that wants to use Terms, Metsika suggests it should present “________” on the site. A. Hard to decide whether to copy or adapt the Terms? Click here. B. This site uses Metsika under a Creative Commons Sharealike license. C. We’ve repurposed these Terms on our website. Welcome to use the Terms. D. This site uses Metsika to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. (C) I love the way clouds float above my head. These ever-shifting sculptures of vapor (蒸气) and light are among nature’s least appreciated marvels. How exactly cloud cover will shift in a warming world is anyone’s guess. Clouds don’t just look different from one another; they also have very different effects on temperatures at the surface of the land or water below. These differences have to do with how much of the sun’s heat they allow through and how much of Earth’s heat they trap in. Low clouds typically have a cooling effect. Much of the sun’s rays are reflected off their white tops back up into space. And they are heavy enough to cast shadows, cooling the surface below. Since their water drops are warmer, they’re as good at giving off Earth’s heat up into space as they are at absorbing it from below. High clouds do the opposite, warming Earth’s surface. Contrary to common belief, this is because the ice crystals (冰晶) in these clouds are cold. High clouds are often not as heavy, so they can let in more of the sun’s rays. But since they are cold, they don’t send out as much of Earth’s heat into space — more like blankets than umbrellas, resulting in a warming effect. The mix of cloud types over our planet ensures they have an overall cooling effect because the shade from the low clouds outweighs the warming effect of the high ones. Yet as temperatures rise, low clouds may decline while high clouds persist, creating a climate feedback loop — a self-enhancing cycle similar to a classic feedback mechanism. In a recent paper in the journal Science, reduced low cloud cover contributed about 0.2℃ to 2023’s record-breaking average global temperatures. In other words, the reduction in Earth’s low clouds helped explain some of the extreme heat that year. Climate feedback loops brought on by clouds have been identified as one of the largest unknowns in projections of warming. As we learn more about the potential tipping points of our climate — irreversible changes in the system — we may find ourselves approaching one too quickly for decarbonization efforts alone to prevent it. Some understanding of the likely effects of geoengineering projects such as cloud brightening will then be invaluable, no matter how misguided such interventions might seem. If clouds are changing, then so should the way we study them. It requires all of us to look up and take notice. 43. According to the passage, which of the following statements correctly describes clouds? A. Low clouds are not as heavy as high clouds. B Thick white clouds warm the ground by trapping heat. C. Warm water drops of high clouds release and absorb heat equally. D. Clouds differ in how they let in the sun’s heat and trap Earth’s heat. 44. According to the passage, a climate feedback loop is a cycle that_________. A. speeds up the very warming that activated it B. enhances cooling by promoting low cloud formation C. reduces high cloud cover to boost sunlight reflection D. balances warming and cooling effects at the same time 45. What can be inferred from the passage about the writer’s opinion? A. Decarbonization may influence how clouds form. B. Clouds may offer a way to address global warming. C. Cloud-based geoengineering projects may be worthless. D. Studying clouds can tell us when the tipping point arrives. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. Actionable climate solutions. B. Changes in how low and high clouds move. C. Links between clouds and global warming. D. Approaches to appreciating cloud beauty. Section C Directions: Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. It's time to retire the all-you-can-eat breakfast buffet According to UNEP’s Food Waste Index Report 2024, 1.05 billion tons of food were wasted globally in 2024, with 28% coming from food service. ______47______ “Wasted food means wasted resources like land, water, energy and labour, and once in landfill (垃圾填埋坑), it releases greenhouse gases that harm the planet and biodiversity,” says Jocelyn Doyle, head of marketing &communications, The Sustainable Hotel Association. “Cutting food waste is a powerful way to make a difference—and breakfast is a smart place to start.” _____48_____ Scandic Hotels in Northern Europe are downsizing their cakes, pastries and muffins, with the option to come back for more; while Hilton Frankfurt serves pre-portioned items like yogurt and fruit cups. Novotel Bangkok Sukhumvit posts polite reminders near buffet stations: “Take only what you can eat.” This shift works well for the modern traveller for whom sustainability is no longer a side note. _____49_____ Striking the right balance between sustainability and service is no small act, especially at breakfast. Many hotels now track how much food is thrown away to determine the buffet’s baseline needs. Doyle also suggests that hotels reconsider under-consumed items, install cook-to-order stations, reduce the selection of items on offer, reduce volumes towards the end of shift and actively guide guest behaviour. “Involve and educate your staff so they understand the changes and can confidently engage guests,” he says. “______50______”. A. Hotels across the world are adopting delicate design choices to meet this goal. B. Travel settings activate a vacation mindset where immoderation feels just right. C. Buffets often lead to overeating due to the “variety effect”—more choice encourages greater consumption. D. Buffet breakfasts are among the worst wrongdoers, generating more than twice as much waste as plated breakfasts. E. Share your efforts through website and social media updates, and use buffet signs to make guests feel part of the solution. F. While many travellers are leaning towards more intentional, low-waste dining, hotels still face the complex task of meeting diverse guest expectations. II.Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. Fawning Do you ever feel, without any proof, that everyone hates you? If your answer is yes, you are not alone. It can occur after a neighbor doesn’t say hello. It’s hearing that the boss wants to chat with you and immediately assuming you’re going to be fired. The strategy used to keep the painful feeling away is fawning, an extreme form of people pleasing. While fawning can help protect you sometimes, you may get trapped: your urge to scan for threats and read others’ feelings goes into overdrive, making you see danger even when you’re safe. Then, how to stop the urge to fawn? Firstly, you can challenge your insight that someone is mad at you by asking some questions. For example, when a friend doesn’t text you back, you sometimes think, “Oh my gosh, is it something I said?” Then you remind yourself of the many times that you’ve received a text that later said, “Sorry, I was in a meeting.” So, it’s helpful to pause and remind yourself that your anxious mind has lied to you in the past. Also, check fawning behavior by starting small. For example, if your friend says, “I’m not mad at you,” after you apologize for canceling plans, take her word for it instead of replaying the conversation in your head. Get comfortable with the discomfort of taking what people say at face value without second-guessing what else they could secretly be feeling. Lastly, make honest communication your goal. If you are not interested in a film, be honest instead of making up an excuse so that the person won’t be upset with you. This practice might be uncomfortable in the short term but saves you so much energy in the long-term, and it strengthens the relationships you really value. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第Ⅱ卷(共40分) IV.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52. 新政策适用于公司的所有部门。(apply) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________ 53. 这个在线课程的教学方式与线下课程非常相似。（way）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 54. 旅居海外多年，归来时才明白，原来我心心念念的地方一直在这里。(abroad) （汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 55. 这家饭店确实很棒，但对我来说太贵了，所以最后我选择了一家名不见经传但性价比更高饭店。(as) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你的英语老师Maggie正在向同学们征求春考后到寒假前的英语课安排的意见。写一封邮件给她，邮件内容须包括（邮件内请不要出现真实的校名和人名）： 1)你对这段时间内英语课安排的2个具体建议（如课时数量、授课内容等）； 2)你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 黄浦区2025学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试 英 语 试 卷 (完卷时间：105分钟 满分：115分) 第I 卷(共75分) I.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. Delhi divided over feeding homeless dogs Megha Malhotra has been feeding homeless dogs for almost two years. Every evening, she places food at a feeding spot near her building’s exit gate. But in recent weeks, she ___1___ (sense) growing unease among residents every time she puts out the food.Some have even challenged her,insisting she stop. ___2___ (feed) the animals.Ms Malhotra says she usually prefers to stay calm in such situations,but there have been instances ____3____ she’s had to be firmer. In August,the Supreme court modified its earlier order requiring all homeless dogs in Delhi ___4___ (send) into shelters.It instead ruled that dogs must be returned to their neighbourhood — but with a waning that violent dogs should go to shelters. Yet some residents interpreted this ___5___ a blanket prevention on feeding dogs.” There is fear in the minds of people that the dogs would attack them. They don’t realize that these animals just need love and care,” Ms Malhotra says. Homeless dogs are a familiar presence across Indian cities,particularly in Delhi.which ____6____ (estimate) to have close to one million — though there has been no official count carried out in the last decade. These dogs are seen so strongly as part of the community ___7___ they share daily life with people and depend on them for food. However,a rising number of people in Delhi say they fear dog bites and groups of homeless dogs can often be seen chasing children and the elderly.Government data shows that there were 3.7 million ____8____ (report) cases of dog bites across the country in 2024. “But ___9___ is clear is that feeders aren’t the problem—they’re part of the solution,” says activist Ambika Shukla. ”They are the ones keeping dogs gentle and their presence makes it _____10_____(easy) to pick them up and load them into vans (货运车).” 【答案】1. has sensed 2. feeding 3. where 4. to be sent 5. as 6. is estimated 7. that 8. reported 9. what 10. easier 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了德里市居民Megha Malhotra坚持投喂流浪狗引发居民争议，结合最高法院相关裁决、当地流浪狗现状及各方观点，呈现了德里因流浪狗投喂产生的分歧与相关社会问题。 【1题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：但最近几周，每次她分发食物时，她都感到居民们越来越不安。空处为本句谓语动词；根据 in recent weeks可知，本句时态为现在完成时,说明Megha 最近几周里 “持续感受到” 居民的不安，且这种不安对现在的情况（有人反对她喂狗）产生了影响；主语为“she”，单数，和动词“sense”之间为主动关系。故填has sensed。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人甚至质疑她，坚持让她停止喂食动物。空处为非谓语动词形式担当动词“stop”的宾语，意为“停止做某事”，用动名词形式。故填feeding。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：Malhotra表示，在这种情况下，她通常更愿意保持冷静，但也有过不得不更加坚定的情况。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词“instances”表示地点或情境，定语从句“she’s had to be firmer”需关系副词“where”引导，意为“在这些例子中”。故填where。 【4题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：今年8月，印度最高法院修改了其此前要求将德里所有流浪狗送入收容所的指令。动词“require”后接复合宾语，但“dogs”是动作承受者，需用被动语态；不定式结构“to be sent”表示“被送”。故填to be sent。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而，一些居民将这一裁决误解为全面禁止喂养流浪狗。空处为介词形式，构成搭配：interpret…as…，意为“将……解读为……”，符合句意。故填as。 【6题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：流浪狗在印度城市随处可见，尤其是在德里。据估计，这一数字接近100万——尽管在过去十年中没有进行过官方统计。空处为从句谓语动词；根据上下文可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为which，单数，和动词“estimate”之间为被动关系。故填is estimated。 【7题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：这些狗被视为社区中密不可分的一部分，它们与人们共同生活，依靠人类获取食物。空处为结果状语从句的引导词，构成：so…that…，意为“如此……以至于……”，符合句意。故填that。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。句意：政府数据显示，2024年全国有370万例狗咬伤报告。修饰名词“cases”用形容词形式，意为“已报告的、经申报的”，符合句意。故填reported。 【9题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：“但很明显的是，喂食者不是问题所在，他们是解决方案的一部分，”活动家Ambika Shukla说。“是他们让狗狗们变得温顺，他们的存在让人们更容易把它们捡起来装上货车。” 空处为主语从句的引导词，主语从句中缺少主语，表示物，用what引导。故填what。 【10题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：“但很明显的是，喂食者不是问题所在，他们是解决方案的一部分，”活动家Ambika Shukla说。“是他们让狗狗们变得温顺，他们的存在让人们更容易把它们捡起来装上货车。”空处为形容词形式担当宾语补足语；根据句意可知，空处用形容词比较级形式。故填easier。 Section B Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. combining B. defenseless C. diversified D. efficiency E. mixed F. origins G. possibilities H. previously I. promising J. reasonably K. transformed What’s a Potato? A Nine-Million-Year-Old Tomato. As a foodstuff, the potato can be baked, boiled, fried and more. As a crop, it is among the world’s most important, with more than 350 million tons produced annually. Its ____11____ — it requires less land than rice — and its ability to grow in a variety of environments has made it essential to global food security. For all that, the plant’s ____12____ have remained unclear. According to a study published on July 24, 2025, potatoes may have arisen nine million years ago through the ____13____ of genetic (基因的) material from Etuberosum, a group of potato-like plants from South America, and wild tomato plants. According to the study, this hybridization event led to the birth of the potato plant’s unique feature, the tuber, an underground structure which, as humans eventually discovered, is eatable. But why do potatoes look like one plant but share relationship with another? The researchers found that the modern potato had a(n). ____14____ ancestry, which arose from a hybrid tomato and Etuberosum families eight million to nine million years ago and led to the start of tubers. This hybridization may have ____15____ potato species and enabled them to expand their range across cold regions. It was a very well-done study, indicating that the genes responsible for tuber formation were a combination of the genetic material from each evolutionary parent. Pingxian Zhang from the Chinese Academy for Agricultural Sciences expressed excitement at the ___16___ for future studies. Only a handful of potato species are planted, and improving on them has posed challenges: As a crop, they are typically spread through cloning, which limits their genetic variety and makes them more ____17____ to diseases. Engineering potatoes with genetic material from tomatoes could be a(n) ____18____ way forward, Dr. Zhang said. In the last few years, researchers have been able to analyze genomes at a much larger scale than before and infer ____19____ mysterious evolutionary connections. These studies have_____20_____ our understanding of what might have occurred in the past. 【答案】11. D 12. F 13. A 14. E 15. C 16. G 17. B 18. I 19. H 20. K 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一项研究发现土豆的起源可能与番茄和类土豆植物的基因杂交有关，以及该发现对未来土豆作物改良的意义。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：它的高效性——所需土地比水稻少——以及在多种环境中生长的能力，使其成为全球粮食安全的关键。根据后文“requires less land than rice”可知，这是土豆的优势特性，efficiency意为“高效性”，符合“土地需求少”体现的高效特点。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管如此，这种植物的起源仍然不明。根据下文研究探讨土豆的形成过程可知，此处指土豆的起源问题，origins意为“起源”，与“remained unclear”相呼应。故选F。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：根据2025年7月24日发表的一项研究，土豆可能起源于900万年前，由来自南美的一组类土豆植物Etuberosum和野生番茄植物的基因物质结合而成。根据后文“this hybridization event”可知，此处指基因物质的结合，combining意为“结合”，符合杂交的科学定义。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，现代土豆有着混合的祖先，它起源于800万至900万年前番茄和Etuberosum家族的杂交，并促成了块茎的出现。根据“arose from a hybrid tomato and Etuberosum families”可知，土豆的祖先是混合的，mixed意为“混合的”，符合杂交产生的祖先特征。故选E。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种杂交可能促进了马铃薯物种的多样化，并使它们能够将分布范围扩展到寒冷地区。呼应后文to expand their range，对应diversified species，更多样化。故选C。 16题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国农业科学院的张平仙对未来研究的可能性表示兴奋。根据“for future studies”可知，此处指研究带来的潜在方向，possibilities意为“可能性”，符合对未来研究的期待语境。故选G。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：作为一种作物，它们通常通过克隆繁殖，这限制了它们的遗传多样性，使它们更容易感染疾病。根据“limits their genetic variety”可知，遗传单一性会让土豆缺乏抗病能力，defenseless意为“无防御能力的”，符合“易染病”的逻辑。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：张博士说，利用番茄的基因物质培育土豆可能是一个有前景的前进方向。根据前文“improving on them has posed challenges”可知，此处提出的新方法是有希望的，promising意为“有前景的”，符合对改良方案的积极评价。故选I。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：在过去几年里，研究人员能够以比以往更大的规模分析基因组，并推断出以前神秘的进化联系。根据“mysterious evolutionary connections”可知，这些联系此前未被发现，previously意为“以前”，符合“过去神秘、现在被推断”的语境。故选H。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些研究改变了我们对过去可能发生的事情的理解。transformed our understanding of what might have occurred in the past，呼应上文previously mysterious evolutionary connections，彻底改变了我们对过去可能发生过的事的认知。故选K。 II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Most of us sometimes fail to practice what we speak. That’s a solid definition of hypocrisy. While we’re ____21____ to spot this moral inconsistency in others, we have a hard time recognizing it in ourselves. And studies show that the people we most like to label as hypocrites are our enemies — surprise! — and others who we think aren’t like us. We’re motivated to see other people as hypocritical because it helps us win arguments, but we tend to ____22____ our own inconsistency. We’re often annoyed by other people’s hypocrisy because it seems ____23____. We think that they are ____24____ implying to others that they are better than they actually are. Nobody likes being a hypocrite. Yet, ____25____ it’s impossible to always act consistently, because different situations may require different responses. Take parenting, for example. You may reasonably lecture your teenager on the dangers of drinking too much, yet you did exactly that on occasion when you were in college. A college student who doesn’t eat meat because she loves animals admitted that she sometimes wore “cute” ____26____ shoes. Since we’re able to so easily spot hypocrisy in others, how can we become better at spotting and ____27____ it in ourselves? To start with, we can ____28____ that it is normal to be inconsistent sometimes. And remember that hypocrisy is just one ____29____ for the behavior. Daniel Effron, a professor who has studied hypocrisy, ____30____ labeling other people as hypocrites. “It can stop you from ____31____ the substance of their argument,” he says. It also takes some ____32____ to identify our own hypocrisy. Ask yourself: “Am I behaving in a way that is consistent with the views I am ____33____?” If you do decide that you’re being hypocritical, admit it. Research shows that when people are ____34____ their own hypocrisy, others tend to forgive them for not being consistent. And here’s some good news: People who notice their own hypocritical behavior often are motivated to change because the ____35____ of advocating for something but not actually doing it makes people very uncomfortable. Rather than feeling ashamed about our hypocrisy, we should welcome the opportunity to learn to do better next time. 21. A. foolish B. good C. quick D. unwilling 22. A. demonstrate B. hide C. improve D. justify 23. A. disorderly B. illogical C. impolite D. unfair 24. A. automatically B. falsely C. generally D. strongly 25. A. after all B. as a result C. in reality D. what’s more 26. A. gym B. leather C. rubber D. track 27. A. analyzing B. ignoring C. illustrating D. preventing 28. A. accept B. check C. consider D. prove 29. A. basis B. example C. explanation D. misunderstanding 30. A. acts on B. gives up C. turns to D. warns against 31. A. contributing to B. engaging in C. questioning about D. summarizing into 32. A. self-confidence B. self-discipline C. self-reflection D. self-respect 33. A. adopting B. challenging C. clarifying D. discussing 34. A. alarmed at B. blind to C. honest about D. tired of 35. A. avoidance B. disagreement C. ignorance D. resolution 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们容易发现他人的虚伪却难以察觉自己的，并给出了应对自身虚伪的建议。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们很快发现别人身上这种道德上的不一致，但却很难意识到自己身上也存在这种情况。A. foolish愚蠢的；B. good好的；C. quick快的；D. unwilling不乐意的。根据后文“to spot this moral inconsistency in others, we have a hard time recognizing it in ourselves”可知，与我们很难在自己身上发现道德不一致相对比，说明我们能很快发现别人身上这种道德上的不一致。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们之所以有动力去认为别人虚伪，是因为这有助于我们在争论中获胜，但我们往往倾向于为自己的言行不一致找借口。A. demonstrate证明；B. hide隐藏；C. improve改善；D. justify证明……正确。根据前文“We’re motivated to see other people as hypocritical because it helps us win arguments”和后文“our own inconsistency”可知，我们倾向于认为别人虚伪，但却倾向于为自己的言行不一找借口。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们常常被别人的虚伪所激怒，因为这似乎不公平。A. disorderly混乱的；B. illogical不合逻辑的；C. impolite不礼貌的；D. unfair不公平的。根据前文“We’re often annoyed by other people’s hypocrisy because it seems”和后文“We think that they are ____ implying to others that they are better than they actually are.”可知，别人的虚伪是假装自己比实际更好，这会让人觉得不公平。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们认为他们是在错误地向别人暗示他们比实际更好。A. automatically自动地；B. falsely错误地；C. generally通常；D. strongly强烈地。根据下文“implying to others that they are better than they actually are”可知，别人虚伪，所以是错误地暗示自己比实际更好。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，事实上，要始终做到言行一致是不可能的，因为不同的情况可能需要不同的回应。A. after all毕竟；B. as a result结果；C. in reality实际上；D. what’s more而且。根据后文“it’s impossible to always act consistently, because different situations may require different responses”可知，后文说明实际情况是很难做到言行一致，in reality用于引出客观事实，符合语境。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位因为热爱动物而不吃肉的大学生承认，她有时会穿“可爱的”皮鞋。A. gym健身房；B. leather皮革；C. rubber橡胶；D. track轨道。根据上文“A college student who doesn’t eat meat because she loves animals”可知，此处体现她的不一致——爱护动物却穿皮革制品。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：既然我们能轻易发现别人的虚伪，那我们怎样才能更好地发现并防止自己身上出现这种情况呢？A. analyzing分析；B. ignoring忽视；C. illustrating说明；D. preventing阻止。根据上文“spotting and”和下文“it in ourselves”可知，此处指发现虚伪之后应阻止自己变得虚伪。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，我们可以接受有时不一致是正常的。A. accept接受；B. check检查；C. consider考虑；D. prove证明。根据后文“that it is normal to be inconsistent sometimes”可知，这是一种客观事实，需要我们接受。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：记住，虚伪只是这种行为的一种解释。A. basis基础；B. example例子；C. explanation解释；D. misunderstanding误解。根据后文“for the behavior”可知，言行不一致的行为可能有多种原因，虚伪只是其中一种解释。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究虚伪的教授丹尼尔·埃夫隆警告不要给别人贴上虚伪的标签。A. acts on作用于；B. gives up放弃；C. turns to求助于；D. warns against警告不要。根据后文“labeling other people as hypocrites”、“It can stop you from ____ the substance of their argument”可知，给别人贴伪君子标签有弊端，因此教授是警告这种行为。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“这会阻止你参与他们论点的实质内容。”A. contributing to贡献；B. engaging in参与；C. questioning about询问；D. summarizing into总结成。根据后文“the substance of their argument”可知，此处指深入参与探讨论点的核心。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：识别自己的虚伪也需要一些自我反省。A. self-confidence自信；B. self-discipline自律；C. self-reflection自我反省；D. self-respect自尊。根据后文“to identify our own hypocrisy. Ask yourself: “Am I behaving in a way that is consistent with the views I am ____ ?””可知，下文描述的是自我反思的过程，此处指识别自己的虚伪需要自我反省。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：问自己：“我的行为是否与我所持的观点一致？”A. adopting采取；B. challenging挑战；C. clarifying澄清；D. discussing讨论。根据上文“Am I behaving in a way that is consistent with the views I am”可知，此处指反思时问自己的行为是否与所持的观点一致。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：研究表明，当人们对自己的虚伪坦诚时，别人往往会原谅他们的言行不一。A. alarmed at对……感到震惊；B. blind to对……视而不见；C. honest about对……诚实，对……坦诚；D. tired of厌倦。根据前文“If you do decide that you’re being hypocritical, admit it.”和后文“their own hypocrisy, others tend to forgive them for not being consistent”可知，承认自己的虚伪即对自己的虚伪坦诚。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里有一些好消息：那些注意到自己虚伪行为的人通常会受到激励去改变，因为主张某事但实际上不去做的矛盾让人们非常不舒服。A. avoidance避免；B. disagreement不一致，矛盾；C. ignorance无知；D. resolution决心。根据后文“of advocating for something but not actually doing it”可知，这是一种言行上的矛盾，这种矛盾让人们非常不舒服。故选B。 Section B Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) Judge Caprio, who retired from Providence Municipal Court in 2023 after almost 40 years, said his courtroom was where people and cases were met with kindness and sympathy. It was his show, “Caught in Providence,” first seen on TV in Providence in 1988, that made him famous later in his life. The show broadcast real proceedings for small driving mistakes, housing and zoning issues, and minor illegal acts inside a city courtroom. The show began attracting national attention in about 2017, when video clips were posted online.It featured fresh episodes directly from Judge Caprio’s courtroom, making him a famous 80-year-old star. By the end of the 2010s, about 200 stations across the country carried the program. In one popular clip, Judge Caprio tossed out a speeding charge against a 96-year-old man after learning that he had been driving his son to cancer treatment. “You really are what America is all about,” Judge Caprio told the man. “Here you are in your 90s, and you’re still taking care of your family. That’s just a wonderful thing.” Judge Caprio’s courthouse is in Federal Hill, a neighborhood that in the 1920s became one of the most heavily populated Italian American communities in the country. He was born in 1936 and his father worked as a fruit pack-man and milkman. He told a Providence College publication that he recalled gathering close with his family in winters “with the oven door open so we could get heat.” On one of those nights, his father told him that he would become a lawyer someday. “Look around, if I needed a lawyer, I could not afford one,” his father told him. “Remember that. You can never forget where you came from.” As a child, Judge Caprio shined shoes, delivered newspapers and worked on a milk truck. He later said that this upbringing gave him the sympathetic perspective he brought to his courtroom. “He was more than an expert in law — he was a symbol of understanding as a judge, showing us what is possible when justice is tempered with humanity.” Gov. Dan McKee of Rhode Island said in a statement after Judge Caprio’s death in August, 2025. 36. “Caught in Providence” is characterized by_________. A. setting up a positive image for lawyers B. solving violent crime trials C. showing real courtroom cases D. filming cases across multiple states 37. The underlined phrase “toss out” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “_________”. A. beat B. fight C. reduce D. withdraw 38. What can be concluded from Judge Caprio’s childhood experience? A. He developed a sense of care for others. B. Fear of system faults kept him from cases. C. He chose to be a lawyer after trying different jobs. D. It was hard for him to make a living in cold weather. 39. Judge Caprio believed that_________. A. justice could be both firm and caring B. the law should treat the elderly with mercy C. a troubled childhood could drive one to pursue D. trial live-streaming was a great way to gain fame 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. A 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了卡普里奥法官的职业生涯、电视节目以及他的童年经历对他司法理念的影响。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“It was his show, “Caught in Providence,” first seen on TV in Providence in 1988, that made him famous later in his life. The show broadcast real proceedings for small driving mistakes, housing and zoning issues, and minor illegal acts inside a city courtroom. (正是他的节目《普罗维登斯抓捕》，于1988年首次在普罗维登斯的电视上播出，使他晚年成名。该节目播放了城市法庭内关于轻微驾驶错误、住房和分区问题以及轻微违法行为的真实诉讼程序。)”可知，《普罗维登斯抓捕》的特点是展示真实的法庭案件。故选C。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“In one popular clip, Judge Caprio tossed out a speeding charge against a 96-year-old man after learning that he had been driving his son to cancer treatment. (在一个受欢迎的视频片段中，卡普里奥法官在得知一名96岁老人开车送儿子去接受癌症治疗后，tossed out对他的超速指控。)”可知，卡普里奥法官得知原因后，应是撤销了对老人的超速指控，故toss out在此处意为“撤销”，与withdraw意思相近。故选D。 38题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“As a child, Judge Caprio shined shoes, delivered newspapers and worked on a milk truck. He later said that this upbringing gave him the sympathetic perspective he brought to his courtroom. (小时候，卡普里奥法官擦过鞋、送过报纸，还在牛奶车上工作过。他后来表示，这种成长经历让他在法庭上有了同情心。)”可知，卡普里奥法官的童年经历培养了他对他人的关怀之心。故选A。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Judge Caprio, who retired from Providence Municipal Court in 2023 after almost 40 years, said his courtroom was where people and cases were met with kindness and sympathy. (卡普里奥法官于2023年从普罗维登斯市法院退休，任职近 40 年。他表示，自己的法庭始终以善意与同情对待每一个人和每一起案件。)”、最后一段中“He was more than an expert in law — he was a symbol of understanding as a judge, showing us what is possible when justice is tempered with humanity. (他不仅仅是一位法律专家——作为一名法官，他是理解的象征，向我们展示了当正义与人性相结合时可能发生的事情。)”可知，卡普里奥法官认为正义既可以是坚定的，也可以是充满关怀的。故选A。 (B) Metsika Privacy Your privacy is important to us About Metsika Metsika is the most powerful anti-spam (垃圾信息) service for the web. Metsika works by checking all your comments against our constantly-growing global spam database to remove irrelevant, nasty content before it gets published and damages your site’s credibility. When Metsika is enabled on your site, only the personal data needed to carry out Metsika’s core function of protecting your site against comment spam is collected from commenters on your site. We do not sell the data you send to the Metsika service, and we do not keep it for long. 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If you do use these Terms, we’d appreciate a credit and link to Metsika.com somewhere on your website. 40. From “About Metsika”, we know Metsika intends to ______. A. provide more data for the global spam database B. switch off most long-term tracking automatically C. help websites protect against harmful spam comments D. delete collected data stored for longer than two weeks 41. What is the focus of Botumittac? A. A website that you’d like to defend against spam. B. Its employees’ right to tell stories in different languages. C. The makers of PressWord.com, Jatpeck, and DeeCommerce. D. Everyone’s opportunity to share their stories through publishing. 42. For a website that wants to use Terms, Metsika suggests it should present “________” on the site. A. Hard to decide whether to copy or adapt the Terms? Click here. B. This site uses Metsika under a Creative Commons Sharealike license. C. We’ve repurposed these Terms on our website. Welcome to use the Terms. D. This site uses Metsika to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. 【答案】40. C 41. D 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是Metsika的隐私政策相关内容。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据About Metsika部分“Metsika works by checking all your comments against our constantly-growing global spam database to remove irrelevant, nasty content before it gets published and damages your site’s credibility.(Metsika的工作原理是将您网站上的所有评论与我们不断扩充的全球垃圾信息数据库进行比对，在无关、恶意内容发布并损害您网站信誉之前将其删除。)”可知，Metsika旨在帮助网站防止有害的垃圾评论。故选C。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Who we are and what we stand for部分“Metsika is brought to you by Botumittac, the makers of PressWord.com, Jatpeck, and DeeCommerce.(Metsika由Botumittac公司推出，该公司也是PressWord.com、Jatpeck和DeeCommerce的开发者。)”和“Our common goal is to make publishing accessible to everyone so that anyone with a story can tell it, regardless of income, gender, politics, language, or where they live in the world.(我们的共同目标是让出版发行变得人人可及，让任何有故事的人都能讲述自己的故事，无论收入、性别、政治立场、语言或身处世界何处。)”可知，Botumittac公司的关注重点是每个人通过出版分享自己故事的机会。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We’ve decided to make these Terms available under a Creative Commons Sharealike license.(我们已决定以知识共享“署名-相同方式共享”许可协议的方式提供这些条款。)”可知，对于想要使用条款的网站，Metsika建议其应在网站上展示本网站在知识共享署名-相同方式共享许可协议下使用Metsika。故选B。 (C) I love the way clouds float above my head. These ever-shifting sculptures of vapor (蒸气) and light are among nature’s least appreciated marvels. How exactly cloud cover will shift in a warming world is anyone’s guess. Clouds don’t just look different from one another; they also have very different effects on temperatures at the surface of the land or water below. These differences have to do with how much of the sun’s heat they allow through and how much of Earth’s heat they trap in. Low clouds typically have a cooling effect. Much of the sun’s rays are reflected off their white tops back up into space. And they are heavy enough to cast shadows, cooling the surface below. Since their water drops are warmer, they’re as good at giving off Earth’s heat up into space as they are at absorbing it from below. High clouds do the opposite, warming Earth’s surface. Contrary to common belief, this is because the ice crystals (冰晶) in these clouds are cold. High clouds are often not as heavy, so they can let in more of the sun’s rays. But since they are cold, they don’t send out as much of Earth’s heat into space — more like blankets than umbrellas, resulting in a warming effect. The mix of cloud types over our planet ensures they have an overall cooling effect because the shade from the low clouds outweighs the warming effect of the high ones. Yet as temperatures rise, low clouds may decline while high clouds persist, creating a climate feedback loop — a self-enhancing cycle similar to a classic feedback mechanism. In a recent paper in the journal Science, reduced low cloud cover contributed about 0.2℃ to 2023’s record-breaking average global temperatures. In other words, the reduction in Earth’s low clouds helped explain some of the extreme heat that year. Climate feedback loops brought on by clouds have been identified as one of the largest unknowns in projections of warming. As we learn more about the potential tipping points of our climate — irreversible changes in the system — we may find ourselves approaching one too quickly for decarbonization efforts alone to prevent it. Some understanding of the likely effects of geoengineering projects such as cloud brightening will then be invaluable, no matter how misguided such interventions might seem. If clouds are changing, then so should the way we study them. It requires all of us to look up and take notice. 43. According to the passage, which of the following statements correctly describes clouds? A. Low clouds are not as heavy as high clouds. B. Thick white clouds warm the ground by trapping heat. C. Warm water drops of high clouds release and absorb heat equally. D. Clouds differ in how they let in the sun’s heat and trap Earth’s heat. 44. According to the passage, a climate feedback loop is a cycle that_________. A. speeds up the very warming that activated it B. enhances cooling by promoting low cloud formation C. reduces high cloud cover to boost sunlight reflection D. balances warming and cooling effects at the same time 45. What can be inferred from the passage about the writer’s opinion? A. Decarbonization may influence how clouds form. B. Clouds may offer a way to address global warming. C. Cloud-based geoengineering projects may be worthless. D. Studying clouds can tell us when the tipping point arrives. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. Actionable climate solutions. B. Changes in how low and high clouds move. C. Links between clouds and global warming. D. Approaches to appreciating cloud beauty. 【答案】43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了云的类型不同对地球表面温度的影响不同，以及云引发的气候反馈循环与全球变暖的关系。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Clouds don’t just look different from one another; they also have very different effects on temperatures at the surface of the land or water below. These differences have to do with how much of the sun’s heat they allow through and how much of Earth’s heat they trap in.(云不仅看起来彼此不同；它们对下面陆地或水体表面的温度也有非常不同的影响。这些差异与它们允许多少太阳的热量通过以及它们捕获多少地球的热量有关。)”可知，云在允许太阳热量进入和捕获地球热量方面存在差异。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Yet as temperatures rise, low clouds may decline while high clouds persist, creating a climate feedback loop—a self-enhancing cycle similar to a classic feedback mechanism.(然而，随着气温上升，低云可能会减少，而高云则会持续存在，形成一个气候反馈循环——一个类似于经典反馈机制的自增强循环。)”以及“In other words, the reduction in Earth’s low clouds helped explain some of the extreme heat that year.(换句话说，地球低云的减少，在一定程度上解释了当年的极端高温现象。)”可知，气候反馈循环是一种自我强化的循环，会加速引发它的变暖过程。故选A。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Climate feedback loops brought on by clouds have been identified as one of the largest unknowns in projections of warming. As we learn more about the potential tipping points of our climate — irreversible changes in the system — we may find ourselves approaching one too quickly for decarbonization efforts alone to prevent it. Some understanding of the likely effects of geoengineering projects such as cloud brightening will then be invaluable, no matter how misguided such interventions might seem.(云层引发的气候反馈循环，被视为气候变暖预测中最大的未知因素之一。随着我们对气候潜在临界点（即气候系统中不可逆转的变化）的了解不断加深，可能会发现人类正过快逼近这一临界点，仅靠脱碳努力或许难以阻止。届时，即便诸如 “云层增亮” 等地球工程方案的干预方式看似存有争议，对其潜在效果的深入了解也将变得至关重要。)”可知，作者认为云可能为解决全球变暖提供一种方法。故选B。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“Clouds don’t just look different from one another; they also have very different effects on temperatures at the surface of the land or water below. These differences have to do with how much of the sun’s heat they allow through and how much of Earth’s heat they trap in.(云不仅看起来彼此不同；它们对下面陆地或水体表面的温度也有非常不同的影响。这些差异与它们允许多少太阳的热量通过以及它们捕获多少地球的热量有关。)”以及后文对云引发的气候反馈循环与全球变暖的关系的阐述可知，本文主要讲述了云与全球变暖之间的联系。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. It's time to retire the all-you-can-eat breakfast buffet According to UNEP’s Food Waste Index Report 2024, 1.05 billion tons of food were wasted globally in 2024, with 28% coming from food service. ______47______ “Wasted food means wasted resources like land, water, energy and labour, and once in landfill (垃圾填埋坑), it releases greenhouse gases that harm the planet and biodiversity,” says Jocelyn Doyle, head of marketing &communications, The Sustainable Hotel Association. “Cutting food waste is a powerful way to make a difference—and breakfast is a smart place to start.” _____48_____ Scandic Hotels in Northern Europe are downsizing their cakes, pastries and muffins, with the option to come back for more; while Hilton Frankfurt serves pre-portioned items like yogurt and fruit cups. Novotel Bangkok Sukhumvit posts polite reminders near buffet stations: “Take only what you can eat.” This shift works well for the modern traveller for whom sustainability is no longer a side note. _____49_____ Striking the right balance between sustainability and service is no small act, especially at breakfast. Many hotels now track how much food is thrown away to determine the buffet’s baseline needs. Doyle also suggests that hotels reconsider under-consumed items, install cook-to-order stations, reduce the selection of items on offer, reduce volumes towards the end of shift and actively guide guest behaviour. “Involve and educate your staff so they understand the changes and can confidently engage guests,” he says. “______50______”. A. Hotels across the world are adopting delicate design choices to meet this goal. B. Travel settings activate a vacation mindset where immoderation feels just right. C. Buffets often lead to overeating due to the “variety effect”—more choice encourages greater consumption. D. Buffet breakfasts are among the worst wrongdoers, generating more than twice as much waste as plated breakfasts. E. Share your efforts through website and social media updates, and use buffet signs to make guests feel part of the solution. F. While many travellers are leaning towards more intentional, low-waste dining, hotels still face the complex task of meeting diverse guest expectations. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. F 50. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全球食物浪费的严峻现状，尤其是餐饮服务行业（以酒店早餐为例）的食物浪费问题，同时介绍了酒店为减少食物浪费所采取的一系列措施。 【47题详解】 空前“According to UNEP’s Food Waste Index Report 2024, 1.05 billion tons of food were wasted globally in 2024, with 28% coming from food service.(根据联合国环境规划署（UNEP）2024年《食物浪费指数报告》，2024年全球共浪费了10.5亿吨食物，其中28%来自餐饮服务行业。)”提到餐饮服务行业的食物浪费很严重，空格处应该承接上文，和餐饮服务行业有关，D选项“Buffet breakfasts are among the worst wrongdoers, generating more than twice as much waste as plated breakfasts.(自助早餐是造成食物浪费的“罪魁祸首”之一，其产生的浪费量是套餐早餐的两倍多。)”说明的是自助早餐产生的浪费量是套餐早餐的两倍多，和前文所说餐饮行业食物浪费严重呼应，因此符合语境。故选D。 【48题详解】 空后“Scandic Hotels in Northern Europe are downsizing their cakes, pastries and muffins, with the option to come back for more; while Hilton Frankfurt serves pre-portioned items like yogurt and fruit cups. Novotel Bangkok Sukhumvit posts polite reminders near buffet stations: “Take only what you can eat.”(北欧的斯堪迪克酒店（Scandic Hotels）正在缩小蛋糕、糕点和松饼的尺寸，顾客可以选择再次取用；而法兰克福希尔顿酒店则提供预先分装好的酸奶和水果杯等食物。曼谷素坤逸诺富特酒店（Novotel Bangkok Sukhumvit）在自助餐区附近张贴了礼貌提醒：“请只取用您能吃得完的食物。”)”提到几个酒店采取的一些减少食物浪费的做法，A选项“Hotels across the world are adopting delicate design choices to meet this goal.(世界各地的酒店都在采用巧妙的设计选择来实现这一目标。)”说明了世界各地的酒店在采取一些办法来减少食物浪费，引起下文的具体例子，符合语境。故选A。 【49题详解】 空后“Striking the right balance between sustainability and service is no small act, especially at breakfast.(要在可持续发展和服务之间找到恰当的平衡并非易事，尤其是在早餐环节。)”说明了要在可持续发展和服务之间找到恰当的平衡是不容易的，F选项“While many travellers are leaning towards more intentional, low-waste dining, hotels still face the complex task of meeting diverse guest expectations.(尽管许多旅行者倾向于更有意识、低浪费的用餐方式，但酒店仍面临着满足不同顾客期望的复杂任务。)”说明了酒店仍然面临满足不同顾客期望的复杂任务，和后文“要在可持续发展和服务之间找到恰当的平衡并非易事”相一致，引起下文，符合语境。故选F。 【50题详解】 空前“Involve and educate your staff so they understand the changes and can confidently engage guests(让员工参与进来并接受相关教育，使他们理解这些变化，并能够自信地与顾客沟通)”是Doyle的建议，空格处也是他的建议，应该用祈使句，E选项“Share your efforts through website and social media updates, and use buffet signs to make guests feel part of the solution.(通过网站更新和社交媒体动态分享酒店在减少浪费方面所做的努力，并使用自助餐标识让顾客感觉自己也是解决问题的一分子。)”是祈使句，是Doyle的建议，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 II.Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. Fawning Do you ever feel, without any proof, that everyone hates you? If your answer is yes, you are not alone. It can occur after a neighbor doesn’t say hello. It’s hearing that the boss wants to chat with you and immediately assuming you’re going to be fired. The strategy used to keep the painful feeling away is fawning, an extreme form of people pleasing. While fawning can help protect you sometimes, you may get trapped: your urge to scan for threats and read others’ feelings goes into overdrive, making you see danger even when you’re safe. Then, how to stop the urge to fawn? Firstly, you can challenge your insight that someone is mad at you by asking some questions. For example, when a friend doesn’t text you back, you sometimes think, “Oh my gosh, is it something I said?” Then you remind yourself of the many times that you’ve received a text that later said, “Sorry, I was in a meeting.” So, it’s helpful to pause and remind yourself that your anxious mind has lied to you in the past. Also, check fawning behavior by starting small. For example, if your friend says, “I’m not mad at you,” after you apologize for canceling plans, take her word for it instead of replaying the conversation in your head. Get comfortable with the discomfort of taking what people say at face value without second-guessing what else they could secretly be feeling. Lastly, make honest communication your goal. If you are not interested in a film, be honest instead of making up an excuse so that the person won’t be upset with you. This practice might be uncomfortable in the short term but saves you so much energy in the long-term, and it strengthens the relationships you really value. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Fawning is an extreme form of people-pleasing that arises from fear of rejection or conflict. While it may offer temporary relief, it traps individuals in a cycle of anxiety and misinterpretation. To overcome fawning, one should question irrational fears, practice accepting others’ words at face value, and prioritize honest communication to build healthier relationships. 【解析】 【导语】本文一篇说明文。主要介绍了“讨好型迎合”这一行为及其应对方法。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The strategy used to keep the painful feeling away is fawning, an extreme form of people pleasing. ②While fawning can help protect you sometimes, you may get trapped. ③Then, how to stop the urge to fawn? Firstly, you can challenge your insight that someone is mad at you by asking some questions.  ④Also, check fawning behavior by starting small.  ⑤Lastly, make honest communication your goal.  2.缜密构思 将①②两个要点重组为“讨好型迎合”的定义与弊端，将③④⑤要点整合为应对方法。 3.遣词造句 Fawning is an extreme people-pleasing strategy to avoid pain. Fawning traps people in excessive threat-scanning. To stop fawning, you can challenge anxious thoughts, take others’ words at face value, and prioritize honest communication. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Fawning is an extreme form of people-pleasing that arises from fear of rejection or conflict. (运用了that引导的定语从句，简洁定义了“讨好型迎合”的本质与成因，结构清晰地补充了核心信息) 【高分句型2】While it may offer temporary relief, it traps individuals in a cycle of anxiety and misinterpretation. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句，对比了讨好型迎合的短暂益处与长期负面影响，逻辑对比鲜明且句式精炼) 第Ⅱ卷(共40分) IV.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52. 新政策适用于公司的所有部门。(apply) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________ 【答案】The new policy applies to all departments of the company. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和名词。表示“新政策”用名词短语The new policy，作主语；表示“适用于”用动词短语apply to，描述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语是单数，此处用applies to，作谓语；表示“公司的所有部门”短语为all departments of the company，作宾语，故翻译为The new policy applies to all departments of the company. 53. 这个在线课程的教学方式与线下课程非常相似。（way）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 【答案】The online course teaches much the way a classroom course does. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和the way引导方式状语从句的用法。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；句子可以转述为“这个在线课程以与线下课程非常相似的方式教学”，表示“在线课程”用the online course，作主语；表示“授课、教学”用teach，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数teaches；表示“以……非常相似的方式”用much the way，the way后接方式状语从句，the way充当连接词，直接连接主句和从句，从句中无需额外使用that/in which等关系词；表示“线下课程”用a classroom course；从句中用助动词does 代替前文的teaches，避免重复。故翻译为 The online course teaches much the way a classroom course does. 54. 旅居海外多年，归来时才明白，原来我心心念念的地方一直在这里。(abroad) （汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 【答案】Having lived abroad for many years, I didn’t realize until I returned that the place I had been longing for was right here all along. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词、定语从句和宾语从句。主语用I；表示“直到……才……”用not...until...结构；表示“意识到”用realize，表示“归来”用return，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，所以“直到我回来，我才意识到”翻译为I didn’t realize until I returned。表示“原来我心心念念的地方一直在这里。”用宾语从句，从句中：表示“这里，这个地方”用the place，作主语，be动词用was；“就在这里”翻译为right here；“一直”翻译为all along，放在句末；从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。表示“我一直渴望的地方”用定语从句，从句主语用I；“渴望”用long for，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去的动作，用过去完成进行时，从句谓语用had been longing for，从句修饰先行词the place，关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，可用that引导。表示“旅居海外多年”用have lived abroad for many years，与主语I为主动关系，用现在分词的完成式，作状语，句首单词，首字母大写。故翻译为Having lived abroad for many years, I didn’t realize until I returned that the place I had been longing for was right here all along. 55. 这家饭店确实很棒，但对我来说太贵了，所以最后我选择了一家名不见经传但性价比更高的饭店。(as) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________ 【答案】The restaurant was indeed great, but as it was too expensive for me, I finally chose a lesser-known one with a better cost-performance ratio. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、短语和连词。句子描述过去发生的事情， 用一般过去时；表示“这家饭店确实很棒”用主系表句型The restaurant was indeed great，其中indeed是副词作状语，意为“确实，的确”；表示“但”用but；表示“太贵了”用too expensive，根据“因为太贵，所以选择另一家饭店”的逻辑关系可知，此处用连词as引导原因状语从句，as it was too expensive for me；表示“最后我选择了”用I finally chose，其中chose是动词choose的过去式；表示“一家名不见经传的饭店”用a lesser-known one，其中形容词lesser-known作定语，意为“鲜为人知的”，one指代restaurant；表示“性价比更高的”用短语with a better cost-performance ratio，作定语，其中cost-performance是名词，意为“性价比”，ratio是名词，意为“比例，比率”。故翻译为The restaurant was indeed great, but as it was too expensive for me, I finally chose a lesser-known one with a better cost-performance ratio. V.Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你的英语老师Maggie正在向同学们征求春考后到寒假前的英语课安排的意见。写一封邮件给她，邮件内容须包括（邮件内请不要出现真实的校名和人名）： 1)你对这段时间内英语课安排的2个具体建议（如课时数量、授课内容等）； 2)你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Maggie, I’m Li Ming, a Senior 3 student. I’m writing to share my suggestions for our English classes between the spring exam and the winter holiday. First I suggest we have two classes a week instead of more. After the spring exam, we need time to relax and prepare for the college entrance exam, so fewer classes can reduce our stress. Second, I hope the classes can focus on practical skills like speaking and writing. We usually spend much time on exams, so it’s a good chance to improve skills that are useful for our future study. I think these suggestions are reasonable because they can help us balance rest and study. I believe we will benefit a lot from such arrangements. Thank you for considering my ideas. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高三学生李明的身份，针对英语老师Maggie征求的春考后到寒假前英语课安排意见，写一封包含具体建议和理由的邮件。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggestion → proposal 减少：reduce → decrease 压力：stress → pressure 集中于：focus on → concentrate on 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：After the spring exam we need time to relax and prepare for the college entrance exam, so fewer classes can reduce our stress. 拓展句：Since we need time to relax and prepare for the college entrance exam after the spring exam, fewer classes can reduce our stress. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I think these suggestions are reasonable because they can help us balance rest and study.（运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句以及because引导的原因状语从句） 【高分句型2】I believe we will benefit a lot from such arrangements.（运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $