精品解析：2026届上海市静安区高三上学期一模英语试卷

静安区2025学年度第一学期教学质量调研 高三英语试卷 2025.12 (时间105分钟，满分115分) 考生注意： 1. 本试卷共10页。 2. 答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正 确涂写准考证号。 3. 答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When Bill Priest walked into his kitchen on a recent Sunday, he got the shock of his life. An adult black bear was helping itself ____1____ some jam and crackers Priest had left out on the kitchen counter. “I froze,” Priest said. “I was in total shock.” Priest, who had just returned from working in his yard, ____2____ (grab) a chair to put between him and the animal. He eventually got the bear out through the front door by screaming, ____3____ eventually left but not before it ate an entire bag of marshmallows (棉花糖). ____4____ happened next was even more alarming for Priest. The bear came back the next day and tore a screen trying to get inside. The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) has now set up a trap in Priest’s backyard with the hope of catching the bear. The plan is ____5____ (shoot) it with a paintball gun and make loud noises-essentially to recondition it and retrain it, to teach the bear to be more afraid of humans by associating a bad experience with human activity. Priest isn’t alone. More dangerous meetings with the wild animals ____6____ (report) across the state so far. “Bears learn from us,” said Jason Hawley, state wildlife biologist on the bear program with DEEP. “The more bears are interacting with people, the more comfortable ____7____ become.” ____8____ a bear no longer fears humans, it is considered “habituated”, which makes that animal more dangerous. “Leaving trash outside and not ____9____ (lock) up or having any food source around your house is conditioning a bear to be habituated,” Hawley said. Even more reckless (鲁莽的), he said, is intentionally feeding a bear. “It is harming that bear,” Hawley said. “When someone feeds a bear, they are changing their behavior to not fear humans, which means that animal ultimately will end up _____10_____ (harm) someone else or have to be put down.” 【答案】1. to 2. grabbed 3. which 4. What 5. to shoot 6. have been reported 7. they 8. Once##When##If 9. locking 10. harming 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了比尔·普里斯特在家中厨房遭遇黑熊的惊险经历。 【1题详解】 考查介词。句意：一只成年黑熊正在享用普里斯特留在厨房操作台上的果酱和饼干。help oneself to是固定搭配，意为“自用；随意享用”，符合语境。故填to。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：刚在院子里干完活回来的普里斯特抓起一把椅子，放在自己和黑熊之间。根据上下文语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，grab的过去式是grabbed。故填grabbed。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他最终通过大喊大叫把熊从前门赶了出去，这只熊最终离开了，但在此之前吃掉了一整袋棉花糖。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the bear，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 【4题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：接下来发生的事情对普里斯特来说更令人担忧。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指代“发生的事情”，用连接代词what，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：计划是用彩弹枪射击它并制造巨大噪音——本质上是对它进行重新适应和训练，通过将糟糕的经历与人类活动联系起来，教这只熊更害怕人类。此处用动词不定式作表语，说明“计划”的具体内容。故填to shoot。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，全州范围内已报告了更多起与这些野生动物的危险遭遇。根据so far（到目前为止）可知，句子用现在完成时；主语More dangerous meetings与report之间是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been reported。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：“黑熊会向我们学习，”能源和环境保护部（DEEP）黑熊项目的州野生动物学家杰森·霍利说，“黑熊与人类互动得越多，就越自在。”此处指代前文提到的bears，为避免重复，用代词they作主语。故填they。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：当（如果，一旦）一只熊不再害怕人类时，它就被认为是“习惯化的”，这会使它变得更危险。根据句意可知，此处引导时间或条件状语从句，表示“当……时”或表示“一旦”或表示“如果”，用连词when或once或if。句首单词首字母大写，故填Once/When/If。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：霍利说：“把垃圾留在外面、不锁门或者房子周围有任何食物来源，都会让熊形成习惯化。”此处与Leaving并列作主语，用动名词形式，lock的动名词是locking。故填locking。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“当有人喂食黑熊时，他们正在改变黑熊的行为，使它们不再害怕人类，这意味着这只熊最终要么伤害到别人，要么不得不被安乐死。”end up doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“最终做某事”，harm与animal之间是主动关系，用动名词形式harming。故填harming。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.shifting B.set C.slide D.apply E.fixes F.interplay G.sensitivity H.disrupted I.signals J.decline K.modeled 　Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight, melatonin (褪黑素) or a hit of exercise, to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine, and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick ____11____, these tips help our bodies ____12____ back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body, controlled by a ‘master clock’ in the brain. 　Now, a team of US researchers modeling those circadian rhythms (昼夜节律) has landed on what they say is the fastest way to shake off jet lag and reset your body clock — a strategy that could ____13____ to sleepy shift workers too. 　“Having a larger meal in the early morning of the new time zone can help overcome jet lag,” says applied mathematician Yitong Huang of Northwestern University in Ilinois, who led the modeling study. “Constantly ____14____ meal schedules or having a meal at night is discouraged, as it can lead to a mismatch between circadian rhythms.” 　The findings not only echo earlier studies on meal timing, but also extend our understanding of why circadian rhythms ____15____ with age. Huang and colleagues ____16____ internal clocks using a suite of mathematical equations, a rough approximation of the human body at best, so they could analyze multiple biological clocks and cues at once, including light exposure and food intake. 　Of particular interest to the researchers were the effects of aging on circadian rhythms. Older folks generally take longer to recover from jet lag, which might be because their circadian rhythms are more easily ____17____ or take longer to regroup. Huang and colleagues’ findings reaffirm what has been suggested before from animal studies, about the way circadian rhythms tire with age. 　Weaker ____18____ from the aging brain’s suprachiasmatic nueleus (视交叉上核) led to the body’s secondary clocks becoming disorganized, and those clocks took longer to recover from a 6-hour time shift similar to long-distance travel. Reduced ____19____ to light had a similar effect. 　　　As for food, the teams’ modeling suggests a large, single meal in the early morning for three days can help realign our body clocks after jet lag. “These results highlight the importance of secondary clocks in regulating the circadian rhythms and provide fresh insights into the complex _____20_____ between aging and the resilience of the circadian system,” Huang and colleagues write. 【答案】11. E 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. J 16. K 17. H 18. I 19. G 20. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。说明了美国研究人员通过模拟昼夜节律发现，新时区清晨吃大餐是最快倒时差的方法，该策略也适用于轮班工人，研究还揭示了衰老对昼夜节律的影响及相关机制。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然这些方法都不能保证立竿见影的效果，但它们确实有助于我们的身体重新调整回正常的内部节律。这种节律会贯穿身体的每一个器官，并由大脑中的“主时钟”进行控制。根据前文“Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag. Scientists have plenty of suggestions too: from getting a dose of sunlight, melatonin or a hit of exercise, to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine, and eating at local meal times.(经常乘坐飞机出行的人有一些应对时差反应的方法。科学家们也有不少建议：比如接受适量的日光照射、服用褪黑素、进行适量运动，保持水分摄入、戒除咖啡因、以及按照当地用餐时间进食等)”以及结合句意 “虽无快速解决方法，但这些技巧能帮助身体调整生物钟”，fixes此处指“解决办法、修复手段”。故选E。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然这些方法都不能保证立竿见影的效果，但它们确实有助于我们的身体重新调整回正常的内部节律。这种节律会贯穿身体的每一个器官，并由大脑中的“主时钟”进行控制。根据后文“back into their usual internal clocks”可知，指调整回正常的内部节律，set back意为“调整/恢复”，与生物钟重置逻辑一致。故选B。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：现在，一支美国研究团队通过模拟人体的昼夜节律模式，找到了他们认为最有效的摆脱时差反应、重新调整生物钟的方法——这种方法或许也能适用于那些需要在夜间工作的人群。根据后文“to sleepy shift workers too”指这一策略也可能适用于睡眠不足的轮班工人，固定搭配apply to表示“适用于”。故选D。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：“频繁改变用餐时间或者在夜间用餐都是不被提倡的，因为这可能会导致生物钟节奏出现紊乱。” 空格前为“Constantly”，需填动名词作主语。“shifting meal schedules”表示“频繁改变用餐时间”，与后文“夜间进食会导致昼夜节律失调”形成因果关系，“shifting”（改变、调整）符合语境，故选A。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些研究结果不仅与此前关于用餐时间的研究结果相吻合，而且还拓展了我们对于为何随着年龄增长昼夜节律会减弱这一现象的理解。空格处需填动词作谓语，结合句意“研究结果不仅呼应了之前关于用餐时间的研究，还加深了我们对‘昼夜节律为何会随年龄增长而衰退’的理解”。“decline”表示“衰退、下降”，符合“老年人倒时差更慢”的后文提示，故选J。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：黄等人利用一系列数学方程式构建了人体内部生物钟的模型，这最多只能算是对人体的一种粗略模拟。通过这种方式，他们能够同时分析多个生物钟和相关因素，包括光照和食物摄入情况。空格处需填谓语动词，结合后文“using a suite of mathematical equations”（利用一套数学方程），可知此处指 “模拟体内生物钟”。“modeled”表示“建模、模拟”，与前文“a team of US researchers modeling those circadian rhythms”相呼应，时态为一般过去时，符合全文语境。故选K。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：年长者通常需要更长的时间来适应时差反应，这可能是因为他们的生物钟更容易受到干扰，或者需要更长的时间来重新调整状态。空格前为 “are more easily”，需填过去分词构成被动语态。句意“老年人倒时差通常需要更长时间，可能是因为他们的昼夜节律更容易被扰乱，或需要更长时间重组”。“disrupted”表示“被扰乱、被破坏”，符合“年龄增长导致节律稳定性下降”的逻辑。故选H。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着年龄的增长，大脑中的视交叉上核发出的信号变得愈发微弱，这导致身体的次级生物钟变得紊乱，而且，这些生物钟从6小时的时间偏差（类似于长途旅行的情况）中恢复过来所需的时间要更长。空格前为“Weaker”，需填名词复数。结合前文“master clock in the brain”（大脑中的主时钟）和“suprachiasmatic nucleus”（视交叉上核），可知此处指“大脑发出的信号减弱”。“signals”表示“信号”，符合“主时钟信号减弱导致次级时钟紊乱”的科学逻辑，故选I。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：对光线的敏感度降低也有同样的效果。固定搭配“reduced sensitivity to light”表示“对光线的敏感度降低”，与前文“主时钟信号减弱”并列，解释老年人昼夜节律恢复慢的另一原因。“sensitivity”（敏感度）符合生物学常识，故选G。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：“这些研究结果凸显了次级生物钟在调节昼夜节律方面的重要性，并为衰老与昼夜节律系统恢复能力之间的复杂相互作用提供了新的见解，”黄及其团队写道。空格前为“complex”，需填名词。句意“这些结果强调了次级时钟在调节昼夜节律中的重要性，并为‘衰老与昼夜节律系统韧性之间的复杂相互作用’提供了新视角”。“interplay”表示“相互作用、相互影响”，准确体现“衰老”与“节律韧性”的动态关系，故选F。 II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It’s long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills, the easier they are to ____21____. That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be ____22____ to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community. Unfortunately, the idea has helped increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages, preventing the ____23____ of many potential polyglots (通晓多种语言者). As a constantly ____24____ and complex organ, the human brain retains significant potential for higher learning after puberty. Adults and children simply absorb and learn things differently. “Research shows that adults are better learners in many areas because we have a lot of ____25____ and we’re very attentive when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. “For most, it can take years to reach ____26____ in a foreign language.” According to The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons ____27____ the language learning process. The FSI also reports that languages more ____28____ to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. ____29____ languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. These estimates reflect a strict study model, involving several dedicated hours of practice spread across multiple days per week. It is ____30____ to expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone. “No one can learn as an adult, a new language unless they love it and unless they make it part of their life,” says Ortega. “In theory, it’s a great thing, but you need to have reasons for it and the time to invest in it.” At the same time, while adults benefit from motivation and ____31____ efforts, children approach learning differently, and both age groups have unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to ____32____ new connections. Children tend to learn new languages more ____33____, may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages, and may be forced to adapt without the aid of translation apps or other resources. Adults, meanwhile, can employ customized ____34____ to improve their language learning experience. ____35____, they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques. Still, scientists are discovering that cognitive processes across different ages are far more complex than previously thought, suggesting that learning potential remains significant well beyond early childhood. 21. A. set off B. hold out C. pick up D. make for 22. A. accustomed B. exposed C. instructed D. imposed 23. A. emergence B. supervision C. guidance D. absence 24. A. restoring B. evolving C. adopting D. inferring 25. A. self-doubt B. self-esteem C. self-criticism D. self-regulation 26. A. mastery B. agreement C. coverage D. dimension 27. A. hint B. integrate C. affect D. speed 28. A. unique B. similar C. respective D. resistant 29. A. In essence B. By contrast C. In addition D. To some extent 30. A. invaluable B. conventional C. unrealistic D. distinctive 31. A. deliberate B. random C. joint D. ideal 32. A. masking B. grasping C. narrowing D. reforming 33. A. instinctively B. consciously C. mutually D. duly 34. A. formats B. gestures C. attainments D. strategies 35. A. As a whole B. For instance C. In conclusion D. By the way 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出早期学习语言的优势被过度强调，而成人学习语言也有其独特优势，受多种因素影响，不同年龄层学习语言各有特点，且认知过程复杂。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：长期以来，人们一直认为，学习新技能越早，就越容易掌握。A. set off出发；B. hold out坚持；C. pick up(不费力地)获得，学会；D. make for走向，导致。根据后文“That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be ____ to a second language.”可知，人们认为儿童时期是学习第二语言的最佳时期，而前文为这一观点提供了理论支撑，即学习新技能越早，就越容易掌握。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也是为什么儿童时期曾被认为是接触第二语言的最佳时期的部分原因。A. accustomed使习惯于；B. exposed使接触；C. instructed指导；D. imposed强加。根据后文“to a second language”以及常识可知，儿童时期是接触第二语言的最佳时期。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这种想法增加了人们对年龄较大的人快速适应新语言能力的怀疑，阻碍了许多潜在的多语言者的出现。A. emergence出现；B. supervision监督；C. guidance指导；D. absence缺席。根据前文“increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages”可推知，这种想法让人们怀疑年龄较大的人适应新语言的能力，会让成年人对新语言学习望而却步，阻碍了潜在的多语言者的出现。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为不断进化的、复杂的器官，人类大脑在青春期后仍保留着进行高等学习的巨大潜力。A. restoring恢复；B. evolving进化，发展；C. adopting采用；D. inferring推断。根据常识和后文“and complex organ, the human brain”可知，人类大脑是不断进化、复杂的器官。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：乔治敦大学语言学教授Lourdes Ortega说：“研究表明，成年人在许多领域都是更好的学习者，因为我们具备更强的自我调节能力，而且当我们想学习某样东西时，我们会非常专注。”A. self-doubt自我怀疑；B. self-esteem自尊；C. self-criticism自我批评；D. self-regulation自我调节。根据后文“we’re very attentive when we want to learn something”可知，成年人想学习时会非常专注，说明有更强的自我调节能力。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对大多数人来说，要达到一门外语的精通程度可能需要数年时间。A. mastery精通，掌握；B. agreement协议；C. coverage覆盖范围；D. dimension方面。根据常识和前文“take years”可推知，需要数年时间才能达到对一门外语的精通程度。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：据美国外交服务学院(FSI)称，一个人的天赋、他们以前的语言经验以及课程的连贯性等因素都会影响语言学习进程。A. hint暗示；B. integrate整合；C. affect影响；D. speed加速。根据前文“factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons”和常识可知，一个人的天赋、语言经验和课程的连贯性都是影响语言学习进程的因素。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：FSI还报告说，与自己语言更相似的语言，如西班牙语或法语，可以相对较快地学会——通常在24-30周左右。A. unique独特的；B. similar相似的；C. respective各自的；D. resistant抵抗的。根据后文“to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly”和“with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks.”可知，如果所学语言，比如西班牙语或法语，与英语相似，学起来会更快。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，与英语有显著文化差异的语言，如希腊语或俄语，通常需要大约44周的时间。A. In essence本质上；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In addition此外；D. To some extent在某种程度上。前文“like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks.”与后文“languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks”把两种情况进行了对比。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：期望任何个人单独遵循如此苛刻的时间表是不现实的。A. invaluable无价的；B. conventional传统的；C. unrealistic不现实的；D. distinctive独特的。根据后文“expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone”和常识可知，让任何个人单独遵循苛刻的时间表是不现实的。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，尽管成年人受益于学习动机和刻意练习，儿童的学习方式却截然不同——在掌握新知识关联时，两个年龄群体各自具备独特的优势与短板。A. deliberate故意的，刻意的；B. random随机的；C. joint联合的；D. ideal理想的。根据前文“we’re very attentive when we want to learn something”和“adults benefit from motivation”可知，成年人有学习动机，会非常专注和刻意地努力，并从中受益。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，尽管成年人受益于学习动机和刻意练习，儿童的学习方式却截然不同——在掌握新知识关联时，两个年龄群体各自具备独特的优势与短板。A. masking掩盖；B. grasping掌握；C. narrowing变窄；D. reforming改革。根据前文“approach learning differently”可知，句中讨论了学习的方式，结合常识，学习需要掌握新知识的关联。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：孩子们倾向于本能地学习新语言，可能有更多机会玩和尝试新语言，并且可能在没有翻译应用程序或其他资源帮助的情况下被迫适应。A. instinctively本能地；B. consciously有意识地；C. mutually相互地；D. duly适当地。根据后文“may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages”可知，孩子们有更多机会玩和尝试新语言，不需要明确的学习动机和刻意的练习，倾向于本能地学习新语言。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，成年人可以采用定制的策略来改善他们的语言学习体验。A. formats格式；B. gestures手势；C. attainments成就；D. strategies策略。根据后文“to improve their language learning experience”可推知，成年人改善语言学习体验需要策略。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，他们创建自己的记忆系统或可视化技术。A. As a whole整体上；B. For instance例如；C. In conclusion总之；D. By the way顺便说一下。根据后文“they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques”可知，此处是在举例说明成年人可以采用的策略。故选B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Nicole Killian was preoccupied before hearing of the hurricane (飓风). First she worried about safety and checked on neighbors and family. Then she thought about repairs, bills, and about when tourists would return for people to work. Among these human concerns, it’s tough to remember the natural world, even for Killian, a conservationist and naturalist who earns a living by sharing Florida’s west coast waterways. But then there was that dolphin. A week after Hurricane Milton hit Englewood, a dolphin was caught in a floating crab trap near the boat launch where Nicole Killian kept equipment for her business. A team tried to free it. As biologists worked to save and release the dolphin into Lemon Bay, Killian and her husband knew they needed to do something. “We had always known we wanted to help clean up the waterway,” she says. “But after hearing about the dolphin, we knew we needed to act fast.” The mangroves (红树林) Kilian guides tourists through were littered with plastic bags, drywall, and broken two-by-fours. Mangroves are the ecosystem’s natural filter. But the Killians recognized that in this situation, the plants needed assistance. So they decided to organize a group to boat along the banks of Lemon Bay and remove trash. “We decided to call it Waterway Warriors,” she says. “Because we need an army of environmentalists to help.” Cleaning up mangroves isn’t straightforward. The volunteers pulled out gas tanks and metal sheets, dock remains and crab traps. “Everybody was happy to be there and glad somebody was doing something,” one volunteer says. “There was a lot of laughter, a lot of smiles and a lot of triumph.” Indeed, a disturbing phenomenon occurs with hurricanes, Killian’s husband says. Some people’s lives are turned upside down, with ruined homes and lost jobs. Others are just fine. In a tight-knit community like this one, where neighbors know one another, that can leave survivors’ guilt and deep desire to help. The Waterway Warriors cleanups turned out to be as much for the people as they are for the mangroves and the other creatures that live in the area. “We’ve learned we’re a strong community,” Ms Killian says. “We’ve learned that people want to help.” 36. What event motivated Killian and her husband to take immediate action? A. The hurricane’s damage to their tour business. B. A trapped dolphin discovered after the hurricane. C. The return of tourists to the mangrove areas. D. The government’s request for cleanup volunteers. 37. What is the main purpose of the “Waterway Warriors” group? A. To teach tourists about Florida’s wildlife. B. To help clean and restore local waterways. C. To rescue sea animals trapped after storms. D. To collect donations for hurricane victims. 38. What can be inferred about the Waterway Warriors cleanups from the last paragraph? A. They helped relieve psychological stress in the community. B. They encouraged more tourists to help the community. C. They highlighted the destructive power of hurricanes. D. They offered jobs to survivors in the community. 39. What is the passage mainly about? A. The rescue of a dolphin after a hurricane. B. The environmental damage caused by a hurricane. C. Community-led recovery efforts after a disaster. D. The relationship between humans and nature. 【答案】36. B 37. B 38. A 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了飓风过后，环保主义者尼科尔·基利安受被困海豚触动，与丈夫组织“水路勇士”小组，带领社区志愿者清理红树林水路垃圾，既修复生态，也缓解了社区幸存者的愧疚感，彰显社区凝聚力。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As biologists worked to save and release the dolphin into Lemon Bay, Killian and her husband knew they needed to do something. “We had always known we wanted to help clean up the waterway,” she says. “But after hearing about the dolphin, we knew we needed to act fast.”(当生物学家们努力救助海豚并将其放归莱蒙湾时，基利安和丈夫意识到他们必须做点什么。“我们一直知道自己想帮忙清理水路，” 她说，“但听说这只海豚的事后，我们知道必须迅速行动。”)”可知，飓风后被困海豚的事件促使基利安夫妇立即采取行动。故选B项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“So they decided to organize a group to boat along the banks of Lemon Bay and remove trash. “We decided to call it Waterway Warriors,” she says. “Because we need an army of environmentalists to help.”(于是他们决定组织一个小组，乘船沿着莱蒙湾岸边清理垃圾。“我们决定称之为‘水路勇士’，” 她说。“因为我们需要一支环保主义者大军来提供帮助。”)”可知，“水路勇士”小组的主要目的是帮助清洁和恢复当地的水道。故选B项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In a tight-knit community like this one, where neighbors know one another, that can leave survivors’ guilt and deep desire to help. The Waterway Warriors cleanups turned out to be as much for the people as they are for the mangroves and the other creatures that live in the area.(在这样一个邻里相识、紧密相连的社区里，这可能会让幸存者产生愧疚感，并迫切想要提供帮助。“水路勇士”的清理活动，对人们而言，其意义不亚于对红树林及该地区其他生物的意义)”可推知，从最后一段可以推断出“水路勇士”队的清理工作帮助缓解了社区的心理压力。故选A项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Indeed, a disturbing phenomenon occurs with hurricanes, Killian’s husband says. Some people’s lives are turned upside down, with ruined homes and lost jobs. Others are just fine. In a tight-knit community like this one, where neighbors know one another, that can leave survivors’ guilt and deep desire to help. The Waterway Warriors cleanups turned out to be as much for the people as they are for the mangroves and the other creatures that live in the area.(基利安的丈夫说，飓风确实会带来一种令人不安的现象。有些人的生活天翻地覆，房屋被毁，工作被丢。其他人都很好。在这样一个邻里相识、紧密相连的社区里，这可能会让幸存者产生愧疚感，并迫切想要提供帮助。“水路勇士”的清理活动，对人们而言，其意义不亚于对红树林及该地区其他生物的意义)”可知，文章主要讲的是飓风后基利安夫妇因被困海豚触发行动，组织社区志愿者成立“水路勇士”小组，清理红树林水路垃圾，既修复生态，又缓解社区心理压力。由此可知，这篇文章的核心是“社区主导的灾后恢复行动”。故选C项。 (B) Prescription (处方) Drug Facts Rx Only Active Ingredient Purpose IZERVAY(avacincaptad pegol intravitreal solution)………Geographic Atrophy (萎缩) (GA) Treatment Uses IZERVAY (ahy-zer-vay) is a prescription eye injection given by an eye care professional.IZERVAY is used to treat geographic atrophy (GA), the advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration (黄斑变性) (AMD). Do not receive treatment with IZERVAY if you: ■ have an infection in or around your eye. ■ have active swelling in or around your eye that may include pain and redness. Warnings Before you are treated with IZERVAY, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: ■ have a history of seeing flashes of light or small specks floating in your vision. ■ have high pressure in the eye or if you have glaucoma (青光眼). ■ are pregnant or breastfeeding, think you may be pregnant, or are planning to have a baby. ■ are taking any medications, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. What should I avoid while receiving IZERVAY? ■ Your vision may be impaired after receiving an eye injection or after an eye exam.Do not drive or use machinery until your vision has recovered sufficiently. Serious Side Effects ■Eye injections like the one for IZERVAY can cause an eye infection (endophthalmitis) or separation of layers of the retina (retinal detachment). ■If you have redness of the eye, eye pain, increased discomfort, worsening eye redness, blurred (模糊的) or decreased vision, an increased number of small specks floating in your vision, flashes of light, or increased sensitivity to light, call all your healthcare provider right away. ■ There is a risk of developing wet AMD with IZERVAY.You should report any symptoms (visual distortions such as straight lines, seeming bent, deterioration in vision, dark spots, loss of central vision) to your healthcare provider to monitor. ■ IZERVAY may cause a temporary increase in eye pressure after the injection. Your healthcare provider will monitor this after each injection. These are not all the possible side effects of IZERVAY. Call your healthcare provider for medical advice about side effects. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch, or call at 1-800-FDA-1088. 40. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To advertise a new drug for eye diseases. B. To instruct patients on how to self-administer IZERVAY injections. C. To provide key safety information for a prescription drug. D. To compare different therapies for macular degeneration. 41. What should a patient do immediately if flashes of light occur after receiving IZERVAY? A. Monitor for the development of wet AMD. B. Seek immediate medical attention. C. Observe whether the symptoms improve over time. D. Review all their current medications. 42. Mr. Johnson, aged 68, with Geographic Atrophy, takes several herbal supplements daily.　Before his first IZERVAY injection, what is the most important step he should take? A. Arrange for someone to accompany him to the clinic. B. Inform his doctor about all the herbal supplements he is taking. C. Closely monitor his vision for any new floaters or flashes of light. D. Stop taking his herbal supplements without doctors’ advice. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了处方药IZERVAY的适用病症、禁忌、注意事项及副作用等关键安全信息。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章标题“Prescription Drug Facts (处方药信息)”以及文中“Warnings (警告)”、“Serious Side Effects (严重副作用)”等板块的内容可知，本文的主要目的是提供该处方药的关键安全信息。故选C项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Serious Side Effects部分“If you have redness of the eye, eye pain, increased discomfort, worsening eye redness, blurred (模糊的) or decreased vision, an increased number of small specks floating in your vision, flashes of light, or increased sensitivity to light, call all your healthcare provider right away. (若出现眼睛发红、眼部疼痛、不适感加重、眼红加剧、视力模糊或下降、视野中漂浮的小点增多、出现闪光感或对光线敏感度增加等情况，请立即联系你的医疗服务提供者)”可知，用药后出现闪光症状应立即寻求医疗帮助。故选B项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Warnings部分“tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: (在接受IZERVAY治疗前，请告知你的医疗服务提供者你的所有健康状况，包括你是否存在以下情况)”以及“are taking any medications, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements (你正在服用的任何药物，包括处方药和非处方药、维生素和草药补充剂)”可知，Johnson在注射前应告知医生自己服用的草药补充剂。故选B项。 (C) Geology the study of the structure and formation of the Earth, is the baby of all the other sciences. Until comparatively recently, scholars paid little attention to rocks and rock formations. Indeed, the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage. Geology made its first appearance in the Encyclopedia Britannica (大英百科全书) in the 1810 edition. Despite this inclusion, the science of geology remained largely ignored until much later in the century. Nowadays the mystery of the Earth and its formation fascinates geologists across the world. However, few people know that the whole modern discipline of geology and the way we look at our world owes its inspiration to a single man with an extraordinary passion for landscape and rocks. That man was William Smith, who was born in 1769 in the small village of Churchill in the south of England. From an early age, William showed a strong interest in the world about him and asked questions about the landscape that no one could properly answer. As a young boy William picked up strange-looking stones that lay in the fields around his home and felt that some of the most common patterns in these stones looked like animals found living in the sea. He asked the men of knowledge and science in the district how these stones came to find themselves here. No one, it seemed, had answers to his questions or even thought it remotely interesting to ask the questions in the first place. A chance meeting with a man called Edward Webb led to William being offered a position to work down the mines. He came to realize that different types of rock lay at different levels as he went deeper underground. This led William to suggest that older rocks lay deeper than newer rocks. Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today. 43. The author mentions the late inclusion of “geology” in the Encyclopedia Britannica primarily to ________. A. question the accuracy of earlier editions of the encyclopedia B. highlight the slow academic acceptance of geology as a discipline C. emphasize the pioneering contribution of the Encyclopedia Britannica to science D. provide a precise birth date for the formal study of Earth’s structure 44. William Smith’s key contribution to geology was the realization that ________. A. mining operations were crucial for accessing complete rock orders B. the entire British landscape could be represented in a detailed map C. fossils provided the only reliable means for classifying rock types D. the order of rock layers preserved a record of past geological time 45. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Smith’s extensive travels were the most important part of his work. B. The main value of Smith’s map today is as a piece of displayed art. C. Smith’s work laid the foundation for modern geological surveys. D. Smith’s map was immediately recognized as a major scientific breakthrough. 46. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. How Fossil Patterns Revealed Ancient Seas B. The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story C. The Encyclopedia Britannica and the Rise of Geology D. William Smith:From Miner to Master of Mapping 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了地质学发展历程以及威廉・史密斯对现代地质学的贡献，包括他从小对岩石的兴趣、在矿井中的发现以及绘制地图等经历。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Until comparatively recently, scholars paid little attention to rocks and rock formations. Indeed, the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage. Geology made its first appearance in the Encyclopedia Britannica (大英百科全书) in the 1810 edition. Despite this inclusion, the science of geology remained largely ignored until much later in the century.(直到相对较近的时期，学者们对岩石和岩层都鲜少关注。事实上，geology一词直到1735年才出现在英语中，又过了大约七十年才被广泛使用。地质学首次被收录进《大英百科全书》是在1810年版中。尽管被收录其中，但地质学这门科学在19世纪的大部分时间里仍基本被忽视。)”可知，作者提及《大英百科全书》较晚才收录“地质学”一词，主要是为了突出地质学作为一门学科在学术界获得认可的进程十分缓慢。故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“He came to realize that different types of rock lay at different levels as he went deeper underground. This led William to suggest that older rocks lay deeper than newer rocks.(随着他深入地下，他逐渐意识到不同类型的岩石在不同的层次上。这使威廉提出，较老的岩石比新岩石埋得更深。)”可知，威廉·史密斯对地质学的主要贡献在于他意识到岩石层的顺序保存了过去地质时期的记录。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today.(威廉绘制的这幅地图在当时独一无二，催生了如今我们习以为常的每一项地质调查。)”可知，史密斯的工作为现代地质调查奠定了基础。故选C。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today.(凭借对岩石形成的新见解，威廉走遍大不列颠，打算对他所发现的各种各样奇妙的岩石进行勘测和分类。威廉耗费多年，历经无数挫折与艰辛，亲手绘制了一幅巨大的英国地图。这幅如今陈列于伦敦伯灵顿宫的地图，用精美的色彩精确细致地展现了地下每一层岩石。威廉绘制的这幅地图在当时独一无二，催生了如今我们习以为常的每一项地质调查。)”可知，本文主要讲述了地质学的发展历程，重点介绍了威廉·史密斯（William Smith）对地质学的开创性贡献，因此本文最好的题目是B选项“The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story(揭开地球故事的人)”。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow manage to avoid the problem of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion (拥堵). “____47____” says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo, who studies these jamming transitions. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging (觅食) ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, researchers recorded Oche tell us ants on searching trails. ____48____ They found that the ants don’t jam at rush hour because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another and they don’t speed up to pass others. ____49____ But self-driving cars, if they one day become widespread, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow-perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and head ways or by not passing others on the road. This vehicle network would be similar to ants on a trail, which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another. “There is no leader but this organization emerges anyway,” says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist currently studying ants at the University of California, Los Angeles. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be“very, very strong and resilient”, Nishinari says. Today’s drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: “don’t tailgate (尾随).” By leaving room between their car and the one ahead, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic. ____50____ “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. A. It’s a kind of phase transition, like water turning from liquid to solid. B. They then used traffic-engineering models to analyze how the ants moved. C. Drivers often follow ants’ behavior when the highway is busy. D. However, human drivers at rush hour are unlikely to follow such rules. E. Ants communicate through a centralized leader that directs the group. F. Without this space, the wave would grow into a full “fake” traffic jam. 【答案】47. A 48. B 49. D 50. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了研究人员通过研究蚂蚁的协作策略，探索解决自动驾驶汽车拥堵问题的方法。 【47题详解】 上文“The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion (拥堵). (随着高速公路上车流量密度增加，交通的顺畅流动会变得不稳定。当每车道每英里有15辆车时，一名司机踩刹车就能引发持续的拥堵波)”描述了交通拥堵的形成过程，下文是东京大学数学物理学家Katsuhiro Nishinari对这种拥堵转变的解读。A选项“这是一种相变，就像水从液态变成固态”承接上文的“拥堵波”，用类比解释了这种交通状态的转变，符合语境。故选A。 【48题详解】 上文“In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, researchers recorded Oche tell us ants on searching trails. (在《交通研究跨学科视角》上发表的一项近期研究中，研究人员记录了觅食蚂蚁的行进轨迹)”介绍了研究中“记录蚂蚁轨迹”的步骤，下文“They found that the ants don’t jam at rush hour (他们发现蚂蚁在高峰时段不会拥堵)”是研究发现。B选项“然后他们用交通工程模型分析蚂蚁的移动方式”衔接上文的“记录轨迹”和下文的“得出结论”，补充了研究的中间步骤，符合语境。故选B。 【49题详解】 下文“But self-driving cars, if they one day become widespread, could have more cooperative programming. (但如果自动驾驶汽车有朝一日普及，它们可以有协作性更强的程序设计)”通过but转折，引出自动驾驶汽车的优势。D选项“然而，高峰时段的人类司机不太可能遵守这样的规则”先说明人类司机的不足，与下文自动驾驶汽车的“协作性”形成对比，符合语境。故选D。 【50题详解】 上文“By leaving room between their car and the one ahead, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic. (通过在车与前车之间留出空间，司机可以在拥堵交通中缓冲刹车波)”强调留空间的作用，下文““Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. (他说：“保持距离”有助于交通顺畅)”进一步说明该做法的效果。F选项“没有这个空间，刹车波会演变成一场完全的“假性”拥堵)”从反面补充了“不留空间”的后果，呼应上文“留空间”的重要性，符合语境。故选F。 III.Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Should you build a capsule wardrobe (胶囊衣柜)? Do you ever struggle with choosing your outfit in the morning? If you have a full wardrobe yet still feel you don’t have anything to wear, you might want to build yourself a capsule wardrobe! So, what is this? Put simply, a capsule wardrobe is a small selection of items of clothing that go well with each other, and are therefore interchangeable. Key to the capsule wardrobe is solid basics, like plain tops, and, ideally, neutral colors, because they make combinations easier. Consider the flexibility of a basic pair of jeans. They can be paired with sneakers and a T-shirt for a relaxed style or a jacket paired with high heels, if you want to look more sophisticated. Fashion bloggers also talk about timeless classics — picture a luxury black handbag that will suit any occasion and won’t go out of style. But why might it be beneficial to build a capsule wardrobe? Well, by limiting your choices, it can become much easier to choose what to wear, but there is another advantage too — it can reduce the amount of fast fashion. Fast fashion refers to clothes which are trendy for just a short time, so they are quickly replaced by newer trends. This results in cheap and poor-quality clothing which has huge environmental costs as waste goes to landfill, resulting in an increase in pollution. According to UK clothes waste charity TRAID, the average garment is worn just 10 times before long disposed of. So, having a capsule wardrobe with long-lasting and high-quality clothes should help reduce this, even if it means paying more in the first place. Building an excellent capsule wardrobe takes time and patience. But, if you want to reduce waste and have some extra time in the morning, it might be time to start building! _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： A capsule wardrobe consists of a limited number of interchangeable, high-quality clothing items in neutral colors, which simplifies daily outfit choices. It also helps reduce fast fashion consumption and its environmental impact by promoting durable garments over frequently discarded trendy pieces. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了胶囊衣柜通过精选少量中性色、高品质且可混搭的衣物，既简化日常穿搭选择，又减少快时尚消费对环境的负面影响，倡导持久耐用的消费理念。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Put simply, a capsule wardrobe is a small selection of items of clothing that go well with each other, and are therefore interchangeable. ②Key to the capsule wardrobe is solid basics, like plain tops, and, ideally, neutral colors, because they make combinations easier. ③Well, by limiting your choices, it can become much easier to choose what to wear, but there is another advantage too — it can reduce the amount of fast fashion. ④Fast fashion refers to clothes which are trendy for just a short time, so they are quickly replaced by newer trends. ⑤This results in cheap and poor-quality clothing which has huge environmental costs as waste goes to landfill, resulting in an increase in pollution. ⑥So, having a capsule wardrobe with long-lasting and high-quality clothes should help reduce this, even if it means paying more in the first place. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2、3、6四个要点进行整合，解释胶囊衣柜的概念，需涵盖数量有限、可混搭、中性色、高品质的特点，以及简化日常穿搭决策的核心功能；将第3、4、5、6四个要点进行重组，指出胶囊衣柜在环保层面的价值：减少快时尚浪费及其环境影响。 3. 遣词造句 A capsule wardrobe is a curated collection of versatile, neutral-toned essentials designed for effortless mixing and matching. Beyond streamlining morning decisions, this approach counters fast fashion waste — low-quality, trend-driven garments often discarded after minimal use. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A capsule wardrobe consists of a limited number of interchangeable, high-quality clothing items in neutral colors, which simplifies daily outfit choices. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] It also helps reduce fast fashion consumption and its environmental impact by promoting durable garments over frequently discarded trendy pieces (运用了动名词promoting作宾语) IV.Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52. 别把那个花瓶放在书架最上面，它可能会掉下来。(vase) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】Don’t put that vase on the top of the bookshelf, or it may fall down. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。此处为否定祈使句+or+简单句，表示“把……放在最上面”短语为put sth. on the top of；表示“那个花瓶”用that vase；表示“书架”用名词bookshelf；后一句主语为it；表示“掉下来”为fall down，且may后跟动词原形。故翻译为Don’t put that vase on the top of the bookshelf, or it may fall down. 53. 冬日清晨，没什么比喝上一杯热气腾腾的豆浆更美妙的了。(than) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】On a winter morning, nothing is more wonderful than having a cup of steaming hot soy milk. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、固定句型、动名词短语和时态。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，表示“冬日清晨”应为介词短语On a winter morning；表示“没有什么比……更美妙”应为固定句型nothing is more wonderful than...，运用“否定词 + 比较级”表最高级含义；表示“喝上一杯热气腾腾的豆浆”应为动名词短语have a cup of steaming hot soy milk，位于介词后面，需用动名词形式。故翻译为：On a winter morning, nothing is more wonderful than having a cup of steaming hot soy milk. 54. 这位青年画家凭借细腻的笔触，迅速获得业界青睐，订单纷至沓来。(favor) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】With delicate brushstrokes, this young painter quickly gained favor in the industry, and orders poured in. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、名词、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子提示词可知，表示“凭借细腻的笔触”应为介词短语With delicate brushstrokes作方式状语；表示“这位青年画家”为名词this young painter；表示“获得业界青睐”应为动词短语gain favor in the industry；表示“订单”为名词orders；表示“纷至沓来”应为动词短语pour in；此处用“and”衔接前后两个动词短语；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故翻译为：With delicate brushstrokes, this young painter quickly gained favor in the industry, and orders poured in. 55. 虽然这座矗立于市中心的纪念碑形制朴素，但它作为历史见证，始终塑造着我们的民 族精神，激励着后人。(Though) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】Though the monument standing in the city center is simple in shape as a witness to history, it has always shaped our national spirit and inspired later generations. 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句、非谓语动词、动词短语、介词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子提示词可知，该句句首用“Though”引导让步状语从句，符合题干要求，从句主语表示“纪念碑”的名词“the monument”后接现在分词短语“standing in the city center”（矗立于市中心）作后置定语修饰the monument；表示“朴素的”为形容词simple；表示“在外形上”应为介词短语 in shape；主句采用介词短语“as a witness to history”（作为历史见证）作插入语；主句中，表示“终塑造着我们的民族精神”应为动词短语shape our national spirit；表示“激励着后人”应为动词短语inspired later generations；结合句意可知，该句从句应为一般现在时，主句强调动作从过去持续到现在，应为现在完成时。故翻译为：Though the monument standing in the city center is simple in shape, as a witness to history, it has always shaped our national spirit and inspired later generations. V.Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 当下，年轻人消费日益注重“情绪价值”, 推动了以汉服、盲盒、剧场体验等为代表的“情绪经济(emotion economy)”的兴起。学校英语报现举办以“我看情绪经济”为主题的征文活动，请你以学生李华的身份投稿，分享你对这一现象的理解与思考。 请确保你的稿件包含以下内容： 1)简述对此现象的理解； 2)结合具体事例，谈谈你对此现象的看法。 (注：文中不得出现考生姓名、学校等真实个人信息。) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In recent years, the “emotion economy” has gained popularity among young consumers who seek emotional satisfaction through purchases, such as Hanfu, blind boxes, and theater experiences. This trend reflects a shift from material needs to emotional and cultural fulfillment. For instance, buying Hanfu is not just about wearing traditional clothing but also about connecting with cultural heritage and expressing identity. While this boosts cultural industries and personal happiness, it may also lead to impulsive spending or over-commercialization. Therefore, it is important for young people to balance emotional desires with rational consumption, ensuring that the emotion economy enriches life without causing financial strain or waste. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生以学生李华的身份向学校英语报投稿，围绕“我看情绪经济”的主题，简述对该现象的理解，并结合具体事例谈谈看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴起：gain popularity → rise/ boom/ flourish 寻求：seek → pursue/ search 促进：boost → promote/ enhance/ fuel 冲动消费：impulsive spending → impulsive purchases/ reckless consumption 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：This trend reflects a shift from material needs to emotional and cultural fulfillment. 拓展句：This trend indicates a transition away from material demands toward emotional and cultural satisfaction. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In recent years, the “emotion economy” has gained popularity among young consumers who seek emotional satisfaction through purchases, such as Hanfu, blind boxes, and theater experiences. (运用了who引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】While this boosts cultural industries and personal happiness, it may also lead to impulsive spending or over-commercialization. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 静安区2025学年度第一学期教学质量调研 高三英语试卷 2025.12 (时间105分钟，满分115分) 考生注意： 1. 本试卷共10页。 2. 答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正 确涂写准考证号。 3. 答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When Bill Priest walked into his kitchen on a recent Sunday, he got the shock of his life. An adult black bear was helping itself ____1____ some jam and crackers Priest had left out on the kitchen counter. “I froze,” Priest said. “I was in total shock.” Priest, who had just returned from working in his yard, ____2____ (grab) a chair to put between him and the animal. He eventually got the bear out through the front door by screaming, ____3____ eventually left but not before it ate an entire bag of marshmallows (棉花糖). ____4____ happened next was even more alarming for Priest. The bear came back the next day and tore a screen trying to get inside. The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) has now set up a trap in Priest’s backyard with the hope of catching the bear. The plan is ____5____ (shoot) it with a paintball gun and make loud noises-essentially to recondition it and retrain it, to teach the bear to be more afraid of humans by associating a bad experience with human activity. Priest isn’t alone. More dangerous meetings with the wild animals ____6____ (report) across the state so far. “Bears learn from us,” said Jason Hawley, state wildlife biologist on the bear program with DEEP. “The more bears are interacting with people, the more comfortable ____7____ become.” ____8____ a bear no longer fears humans, it is considered “habituated”, which makes that animal more dangerous. “Leaving trash outside and not ____9____ (lock) up or having any food source around your house is conditioning a bear to be habituated,” Hawley said. Even more reckless (鲁莽的), he said, is intentionally feeding a bear. “It is harming that bear,” Hawley said. “When someone feeds a bear, they are changing their behavior to not fear humans, which means that animal ultimately will end up _____10_____ (harm) someone else or have to be put down.” Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.shifting B.set C.slide D.apply E.fixes F.interplay G.sensitivity H.disrupted I.signals J.decline K.modeled 　Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight, melatonin (褪黑素) or a hit of exercise, to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine, and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick ____11____, these tips help our bodies ____12____ back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body, controlled by a ‘master clock’ in the brain. 　Now, a team of US researchers modeling those circadian rhythms (昼夜节律) has landed on what they say is the fastest way to shake off jet lag and reset your body clock — a strategy that could ____13____ to sleepy shift workers too. 　“Having a larger meal in the early morning of the new time zone can help overcome jet lag,” says applied mathematician Yitong Huang of Northwestern University in Ilinois, who led the modeling study. “Constantly ____14____ meal schedules or having a meal at night is discouraged, as it can lead to a mismatch between circadian rhythms.” 　The findings not only echo earlier studies on meal timing, but also extend our understanding of why circadian rhythms ____15____ with age. Huang and colleagues ____16____ internal clocks using a suite of mathematical equations, a rough approximation of the human body at best, so they could analyze multiple biological clocks and cues at once, including light exposure and food intake. 　Of particular interest to the researchers were the effects of aging on circadian rhythms. Older folks generally take longer to recover from jet lag, which might be because their circadian rhythms are more easily ____17____ or take longer to regroup. Huang and colleagues’ findings reaffirm what has been suggested before from animal studies, about the way circadian rhythms tire with age. 　Weaker ____18____ from the aging brain’s suprachiasmatic nueleus (视交叉上核) led to the body’s secondary clocks becoming disorganized, and those clocks took longer to recover from a 6-hour time shift similar to long-distance travel. Reduced ____19____ to light had a similar effect. 　　　As for food, the teams’ modeling suggests a large, single meal in the early morning for three days can help realign our body clocks after jet lag. “These results highlight the importance of secondary clocks in regulating the circadian rhythms and provide fresh insights into the complex _____20_____ between aging and the resilience of the circadian system,” Huang and colleagues write. II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It’s long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills, the easier they are to ____21____. That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be ____22____ to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community. Unfortunately, the idea has helped increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages, preventing the ____23____ of many potential polyglots (通晓多种语言者). As a constantly ____24____ and complex organ, the human brain retains significant potential for higher learning after puberty. Adults and children simply absorb and learn things differently. “Research shows that adults are better learners in many areas because we have a lot of ____25____ and we’re very attentive when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. “For most, it can take years to reach ____26____ in a foreign language.” According to The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons ____27____ the language learning process. The FSI also reports that languages more ____28____ to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. ____29____ languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. These estimates reflect a strict study model, involving several dedicated hours of practice spread across multiple days per week. It is ____30____ to expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone. “No one can learn, as an adult, a new language unless they love it and unless they make it part of their life,” says Ortega. “In theory, it’s a great thing, but you need to have reasons for it and the time to invest in it.” At the same time, while adults benefit from motivation and ____31____ efforts, children approach learning differently, and both age groups have unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to ____32____ new connections. Children tend to learn new languages more ____33____, may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages, and may be forced to adapt without the aid of translation apps or other resources. Adults, meanwhile, can employ customized ____34____ to improve their language learning experience. ____35____, they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques. Still, scientists are discovering that cognitive processes across different ages are far more complex than previously thought, suggesting that learning potential remains significant well beyond early childhood. 21. A. set off B. hold out C. pick up D. make for 22. A. accustomed B. exposed C. instructed D. imposed 23. A. emergence B. supervision C. guidance D. absence 24. A. restoring B. evolving C. adopting D. inferring 25. A. self-doubt B. self-esteem C. self-criticism D. self-regulation 26. A. mastery B. agreement C. coverage D. dimension 27. A. hint B. integrate C. affect D. speed 28. A. unique B. similar C. respective D. resistant 29. A. In essence B. By contrast C. In addition D. To some extent 30. A. invaluable B. conventional C. unrealistic D. distinctive 31. A. deliberate B. random C. joint D. ideal 32. A. masking B. grasping C. narrowing D. reforming 33. A. instinctively B. consciously C. mutually D. duly 34. A. formats B. gestures C. attainments D. strategies 35. A. As a whole B. For instance C. In conclusion D. By the way Section B Directions: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Nicole Killian was preoccupied before hearing of the hurricane (飓风). First, she worried about safety and checked on neighbors and family. Then she thought about repairs, bills, and about when tourists would return for people to work. Among these human concerns, it’s tough to remember the natural world, even for Killian, a conservationist and naturalist who earns a living by sharing Florida’s west coast waterways. But then there was that dolphin. A week after Hurricane Milton hit Englewood, a dolphin was caught in a floating crab trap near the boat launch where Nicole Killian kept equipment for her business. A team tried to free it. As biologists worked to save and release the dolphin into Lemon Bay, Killian and her husband knew they needed to do something. “We had always known we wanted to help clean up the waterway,” she says. “But after hearing about the dolphin, we knew we needed to act fast.” The mangroves (红树林) Kilian guides tourists through were littered with plastic bags, drywall, and broken two-by-fours. Mangroves are the ecosystem’s natural filter. But the Killians recognized that in this situation, the plants needed assistance. So they decided to organize a group to boat along the banks of Lemon Bay and remove trash. “We decided to call it Waterway Warriors,” she says. “Because we need an army of environmentalists to help.” Cleaning up mangroves isn’t straightforward. The volunteers pulled out gas tanks and metal sheets, dock remains and crab traps. “Everybody was happy to be there and glad somebody was doing something,” one volunteer says. “There was a lot of laughter, a lot of smiles and a lot of triumph.” Indeed a disturbing phenomenon occurs with hurricanes, Killian’s husband says. Some people’s lives are turned upside down, with ruined homes and lost jobs. Others are just fine. In a tight-knit community like this one, where neighbors know one another, that can leave survivors’ guilt and deep desire to help. The Waterway Warriors cleanups turned out to be as much for the people as they are for the mangroves and the other creatures that live in the area. “We’ve learned we’re a strong community,” Ms Killian says. “We’ve learned that people want to help.” 36. What event motivated Killian and her husband to take immediate action? A. The hurricane’s damage to their tour business. B. A trapped dolphin discovered after the hurricane. C. The return of tourists to the mangrove areas. D The government’s request for cleanup volunteers. 37. What is the main purpose of the “Waterway Warriors” group? A. To teach tourists about Florida’s wildlife. B. To help clean and restore local waterways. C. To rescue sea animals trapped after storms. D. To collect donations for hurricane victims. 38. What can be inferred about the Waterway Warriors cleanups from the last paragraph? A. They helped relieve psychological stress in the community. B. They encouraged more tourists to help the community. C. They highlighted the destructive power of hurricanes. D. They offered jobs to survivors in the community. 39. What is the passage mainly about? A. The rescue of a dolphin after a hurricane. B. The environmental damage caused by a hurricane. C. Community-led recovery efforts after a disaster. D. The relationship between humans and nature. (B) Prescription (处方) Drug Facts Rx Only Active Ingredient Purpose IZERVAY(avacincaptad pegol intravitreal solution)………Geographic Atrophy (萎缩) (GA) Treatment Uses IZERVAY (ahy-zer-vay) is a prescription eye injection given by an eye care professional.IZERVAY is used to treat geographic atrophy (GA), the advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration (黄斑变性) (AMD). Do not receive treatment with IZERVAY if you: ■ have an infection in or around your eye. ■ have active swelling in or around your eye that may include pain and redness. Warnings Before you are treated with IZERVAY, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: ■ have a history of seeing flashes of light or small specks floating in your vision. ■ have high pressure in the eye or if you have glaucoma (青光眼). ■ are pregnant or breastfeeding, think you may be pregnant, or are planning to have a baby. ■ are taking any medications, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. What should I avoid while receiving IZERVAY? ■ Your vision may be impaired after receiving an eye injection or after an eye exam.Do not drive or use machinery until your vision has recovered sufficiently. Serious Side Effects ■Eye injections like the one for IZERVAY can cause an eye infection (endophthalmitis) or separation of layers of the retina (retinal detachment). ■If you have redness of the eye, eye pain, increased discomfort, worsening eye redness, blurred (模糊的) or decreased vision, an increased number of small specks floating in your vision, flashes of light, or increased sensitivity to light, call all your healthcare provider right away. ■ There is a risk of developing wet AMD with IZERVAY.You should report any symptoms (visual distortions such as straight lines, seeming bent, deterioration in vision, dark spots, loss of central vision) to your healthcare provider to monitor. ■ IZERVAY may cause a temporary increase in eye pressure after the injection. Your healthcare provider will monitor this after each injection. These are not all the possible side effects of IZERVAY. Call your healthcare provider for medical advice about side effects. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch, or call at 1-800-FDA-1088. 40. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To advertise a new drug for eye diseases. B. To instruct patients on how to self-administer IZERVAY injections. C. To provide key safety information for a prescription drug. D. To compare different therapies for macular degeneration. 41. What should a patient do immediately if flashes of light occur after receiving IZERVAY? A. Monitor for the development of wet AMD. B. Seek immediate medical attention. C. Observe whether the symptoms improve over time. D. Review all their current medications. 42. Mr. Johnson, aged 68, with Geographic Atrophy, takes several herbal supplements daily.　Before his first IZERVAY injection, what is the most important step he should take? A. Arrange for someone to accompany him to the clinic. B Inform his doctor about all the herbal supplements he is taking. C. Closely monitor his vision for any new floaters or flashes of light. D. Stop taking his herbal supplements without doctors’ advice. (C) Geology, the study of the structure and formation of the Earth, is the baby of all the other sciences. Until comparatively recently, scholars paid little attention to rocks and rock formations. Indeed, the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage. Geology made its first appearance in the Encyclopedia Britannica (大英百科全书) in the 1810 edition. Despite this inclusion, the science of geology remained largely ignored until much later in the century. Nowadays the mystery of the Earth and its formation fascinates geologists across the world. However, few people know that the whole modern discipline of geology and the way we look at our world owes its inspiration to a single man with an extraordinary passion for landscape and rocks. That man was William Smith, who was born in 1769 in the small village of Churchill in the south of England. From an early age, William showed a strong interest in the world about him and asked questions about the landscape that no one could properly answer. As a young boy William picked up strange-looking stones that lay in the fields around his home and felt that some of the most common patterns in these stones looked like animals found living in the sea. He asked the men of knowledge and science in the district how these stones came to find themselves here. No one, it seemed, had answers to his questions or even thought it remotely interesting to ask the questions in the first place. A chance meeting with a man called Edward Webb led to William being offered a position to work down the mines. He came to realize that different types of rock lay at different levels as he went deeper underground. This led William to suggest that older rocks lay deeper than newer rocks. Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today. 43. The author mentions the late inclusion of “geology” in the Encyclopedia Britannica primarily to ________. A. question the accuracy of earlier editions of the encyclopedia B. highlight the slow academic acceptance of geology as a discipline C. emphasize the pioneering contribution of the Encyclopedia Britannica to science D. provide a precise birth date for the formal study of Earth’s structure 44. William Smith’s key contribution to geology was the realization that ________. A. mining operations were crucial for accessing complete rock orders B. the entire British landscape could be represented in a detailed map C. fossils provided the only reliable means for classifying rock types D. the order of rock layers preserved a record of past geological time 45 What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Smith’s extensive travels were the most important part of his work. B. The main value of Smith’s map today is as a piece of displayed art. C Smith’s work laid the foundation for modern geological surveys. D. Smith’s map was immediately recognized as a major scientific breakthrough. 46. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. How Fossil Patterns Revealed Ancient Seas B. The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story C. The Encyclopedia Britannica and the Rise of Geology D. William Smith:From Miner to Master of Mapping Section C Directions: Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow manage to avoid the problem of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up. The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion (拥堵). “____47____” says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo, who studies these jamming transitions. Nishinari’s previous research had shown that foraging (觅食) ants can maintain their flow even at high densities. In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, researchers recorded Oche tell us ants on searching trails. ____48____ They found that the ants don’t jam at rush hour because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another and they don’t speed up to pass others. ____49____ But self-driving cars, if they one day become widespread, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow-perhaps, the researchers suggest, by prioritizing constant speeds and head ways or by not passing others on the road. This vehicle network would be similar to ants on a trail, which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another. “There is no leader but this organization emerges anyway,” says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist currently studying ants at the University of California, Los Angeles. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be“very, very strong and resilient”, Nishinari says. Today’s drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: “don’t tailgate (尾随).” By leaving room between their car and the one ahead, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic. ____50____ “Just keeping away,” he says, can help traffic flow smoothly. A. It’s a kind of phase transition, like water turning from liquid to solid. B. They then used traffic-engineering models to analyze how the ants moved. C. Drivers often follow ants’ behavior when the highway is busy. D. However, human drivers at rush hour are unlikely to follow such rules. E. Ants communicate through a centralized leader that directs the group. F. Without this space, the wave would grow into a full “fake” traffic jam. III.Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Should you build a capsule wardrobe (胶囊衣柜)? Do you ever struggle with choosing your outfit in the morning? If you have a full wardrobe yet still feel you don’t have anything to wear, you might want to build yourself a capsule wardrobe! So, what is this? Put simply, a capsule wardrobe is a small selection of items of clothing that go well with each other, and are therefore interchangeable. Key to the capsule wardrobe is solid basics, like plain tops, and, ideally, neutral colors, because they make combinations easier. Consider the flexibility of a basic pair of jeans. They can be paired with sneakers and a T-shirt for a relaxed style or a jacket paired with high heels, if you want to look more sophisticated. Fashion bloggers also talk about timeless classics — picture a luxury black handbag that will suit any occasion and won’t go out of style. But why might it be beneficial to build a capsule wardrobe? Well, by limiting your choices, it can become much easier to choose what to wear, but there is another advantage too — it can reduce the amount of fast fashion. Fast fashion refers to clothes which are trendy for just a short time, so they are quickly replaced by newer trends. This results in cheap and poor-quality clothing which has huge environmental costs as waste goes to landfill, resulting in an increase in pollution. According to UK clothes waste charity TRAID, the average garment is worn just 10 times before long disposed of. So, having a capsule wardrobe with long-lasting and high-quality clothes should help reduce this, even if it means paying more in the first place. Building an excellent capsule wardrobe takes time and patience. But, if you want to reduce waste and have some extra time in the morning, it might be time to start building! _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV.Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52. 别把那个花瓶放在书架最上面，它可能会掉下来。(vase) ___________________________________________________ 53. 冬日清晨，没什么比喝上一杯热气腾腾的豆浆更美妙的了。(than) ___________________________________________________ 54. 这位青年画家凭借细腻的笔触，迅速获得业界青睐，订单纷至沓来。(favor) ___________________________________________________ 55. 虽然这座矗立于市中心的纪念碑形制朴素，但它作为历史见证，始终塑造着我们的民 族精神，激励着后人。(Though) ___________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 当下，年轻人消费日益注重“情绪价值”, 推动了以汉服、盲盒、剧场体验等为代表的“情绪经济(emotion economy)”的兴起。学校英语报现举办以“我看情绪经济”为主题的征文活动，请你以学生李华的身份投稿，分享你对这一现象的理解与思考。 请确保你的稿件包含以下内容： 1)简述对此现象的理解； 2)结合具体事例，谈谈你对此现象的看法。 (注：文中不得出现考生姓名、学校等真实个人信息。) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $