Unit4 Natural disasters 重点词汇学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修第一册Unit 4“Natural Disasters”主题，涵盖自然灾害相关核心词汇、短语及重点句型，如lie in ruins, rescue team等短语，damage, affect等动词用法及“be doing...when...”句型。通过关联学生已有自然认知，以词汇列表与教材语境例句为支架，衔接前后环境话题知识，引导构建主题语言网络。 资料以教材语境为依托，详细解析重点词汇搭配、词性转换及近义辨析（如supply与provide用法对比），结合“be doing...when...”等句型实例，助力学生夯实语言基础。通过短语分层记忆、句型情境应用等策略，培养语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质，提升自主学习效率，契合新课标对语言能力与思维品质的培养要求。

必修第一册 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS ——人与自然之自然灾害 1．lie in ruins　　　　　　　　　　成为废墟 2．the rescue team 救援队伍 3．dig out 掘出；发现 4．be trapped in the ruins 困于废墟 5．build shelters 建造避难所 6．treat the injured 治疗伤员 7．with the help of 在……的帮助下 8．go through the hardship 度过艰难时期 9．rebuild one’s homes 重建家园 10．power failure 电源中断 11．wait for help 等待救援 12．cause great difficulties 造成极大困难 13．The earth is our only home planet． 地球是我们唯一的家园。 14．Many lives will be saved if first aid is given immediately． 如果及时施行急救,很多生命都能挽回。 15．Natural disasters are the punishment for human’s destruction of nature． 自然灾害就是对人类破坏自然的惩罚。 重点词汇1 damage vt．损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失 Which buildings were damaged in Seoul? 首尔的哪些建筑被破坏了?(教材P48) (1)cause/do damage to=damage(v．)伤害,损伤 (2)damage one’s health损害某人的健康 2．affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 82 killed, 500,000 affected 死亡82人,50万人受灾(教材P49) (1)be deeply affected by 被……深深打动 be affected with 感染……疾病 (2)affection n． 喜爱 have affection for 喜欢…… 4．ruin n．&vt．破坏；毁坏 In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins． 不到一分钟,一座大城市就成了废墟。(教材P50) (1)in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 be reduced to ruins沦为废墟 5．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊 People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again． 人们都很震惊——然后,那天下午晚些时候,唐山又发生了一次大地震。(教材P50) (1) in shock震惊；吃惊 to one’s shock令某人震惊的是 (2) shocked adj．感到震惊的 (3) shocking adj．令人震惊的 6．trap vt．使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead． 地震发生后不久,军队派出15万名士兵到唐山挖掘被困人员并埋葬死者。(教材P50) (1)trap sb． into (doing)...诱使某人(做)…… be trapped in...困在……中,陷在……中 (2)set a trap设置陷阱/布下圈套 fall into a trap落入圈套 7．bury vt．埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心 Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead． 地震发生后不久,军队派出15万名士兵到唐山挖掘被困人员并埋葬死者。(教材P50) (1)bury sth． in...把……埋到……里 bury oneself in (doing) sth．埋头于/专心致志于(做)某事 (2)be buried in埋头于；专心于 be buried in thoughts沉思 点睛 　　表示“专心于,致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。 8．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins． 在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下,一个新唐山在废墟上建立了。(教材P50) spare no effort to do sth．不遗余力做某事 make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth．努力做某事 with (an) effort努力地 without effort毫不费力 9．suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injuries, but others had already stopped breathing when they were discovered． 有些人被发现时还活着,尽管他们受了重伤,但其他人在被发现时已经停止呼吸。(教材P51) (1)suffer pain/defeat/losses/the result/side effects遭受痛苦/失败/损失/(承受)结果/副作用 suffer from hunger/flood/fever/cold/disease 遭受饥饿/洪水/发烧/感冒/患病 (2)suffering n．痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事 sufferer n．患难者；患病者 10．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl．]补给品 vt．供应；供给 The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country． 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。(教材P52) (1)a supply of……的供应；一批 in short supply供应不足 supply and demand供求关系 (2)supply sb． with sth．/supply sth． to sb．供应某人某物 点睛 其他表示“提供”的词的用法：provide,offer provide sb． with sth．=provide sth． for sb．向某人供应某物 offer sb． sth．=offer sth． to sb．向某人提供某物 11．survive vi．生存；存活 vt．幸存；艰难度过；比某人长寿 She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake． 她正在喂地震中幸存下来的孩子。(教材P52) (1)survive sth．幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来 survive on依靠……生存下来 A survive B(by...)A比B活得长…… (2)survivor n．幸存者 (3)survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物 12．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 power lines 电线(教材P53) (1)come to/into power 掌权；上台 in power 当权 (2)beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及的 have the power to do sth．有能力做某事 (3)powerful adj． 强大的；权力大的 13．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi．&vt．(formal) 帮助；援助 first aid kit 急救包(教材P53) (1)first aid急救 give/do/offer first aid to sb．对某人进行急救 with the aid/help of...在……的帮助下 come to one’s aid帮助某人 (2)aid sb． in (doing) sth．帮助某人(做)某事 aid sb． to do sth．帮助某人做某事 14．strike vt．&vi．(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；罢工；突然想到；打动,迷住；(钟) 敲n．罢工；罢课；袭击 The undersea quake struck around 7：00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island． 星期天早上7点左右,印尼苏门答腊岛西海岸发生海底地震。(教材P54) 某人突然想起…… be struck by...被……打动/迷住了 strike...into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心 strike sb．+in/on+the+身体部位 打某人的某处 (2)be on strike在罢工 go on strike举行罢工 15．be doing...when...正在做……,这时突然…… I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home． 我正和我的三个孩子吃早饭,突然海水冲入了我家。(教材P54) (1)句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时(突然)”,相当于and then或and just at that time。 (2)when作并列连词时的常见句式： be doing...when 正在做……这时…… 正要做…… 这时…… had just done...when... 刚做完……这时…… 16．deliver vt．&vi．递送；传达 vt．发表；分娩 However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies． 然而,危险的状况和受损的道路将使运送食品和物资变得困难。(教材P54) (1)deliver sth．(to sb．)投递/传送某物(给某人) deliver a speech发表演说 deliver a baby接生 deliver sb．/sth． over to sb．把某人/物移交给某人 (2)delivery n．传递；交付；递送；分娩；演讲方式 点睛 deliver后不接双宾语,即不能说deliver sb． sth．,只 能说deliver sth． to sb． 17．effect n．影响；结果；效果(教材P55) (1)have an/no effect on...对……有/没有影响 put/bring...into effect使……生效 come into effect/take effect(法律、规则或制度)生效；实施 be of no effect无效；没有作用；不中用 side effect副作用 (2)effective adj．有效的；有影响的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $