Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元基础知识练习 -2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

Unit4 Natural Disasters I 词形转换 1. _________v. 死亡；消亡→ _________n. 死；死亡→________adj. 死的；枯萎的→ adj. 垂死的；临死的→ _______________adj. 致命的 2. _________v. 影响；侵袭→_________n. 影响；结果；效果→__________adj. 有效的→_____________ adv. 有效地→ ____________n. 喜爱；关爱 3._________v. (使)震惊 n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克→____________adj. 令人震惊的→ ____________adj. 感到震惊的 4. __________v. 呼吸→ __________n. 呼吸→ ____________adj. 气喘吁吁的→ _______________adv. 气喘吁吁地 5. _________ adj. 明智的→________adv. 明智地→_________n. 智慧；才智 6. ________v. 统一；使成为一体→________adj. 统一的→ __________ n. 联合；统一 7. __________v. 复活；(使)苏醒→ _____________n. 复苏；振兴 8. __________vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存→ __________n. 幸存；残存物→ _________n. 幸存者 9. __________v. 遭受；蒙受；因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ ___________n. 苦难；痛苦→ __________n. 患病者; 受苦者 9. __________v. (火山)爆发；喷发→_____________n. 爆发；喷发 10. ________adj. 长的；长期的→_________ n. 长；长度→___________v.使)变长；加长 11.____________n．能力；力量；电力供应；控制力→____________ adj.强大的；有力的→ ____________adj. 无力的；无能力的→ ________________v. 授权 12.___________ vt. & vi. (使)平静; (使)镇定 adj. 镇定的；沉着的→ _________adv. 镇定的；沉着的→ __________n. 平静; 镇定 13. ______________ n. 电；电能→ _______________ adj. 电动的；用电的 → _____________ adj. 与(用)电有关的；电气科学的→ ______________ adj. 电子的 14. __________n. 努力；尽力→_______________ adj. 不用费力的 15._______ n. 金属→______ n. 模特；榜样→ ______ n. 奖章；勋章→ _______ n. 新闻媒体 16.____________ vt. 递送；生；接生；发表→ ________ n. [U]递送→___________n. 投递者 17. _____________ n. 突发事件；紧急情况→ ___________ adj. 出现的；紧急的 → _______________ n. 出现；浮现 18. __________ vi. & vt. &n. 打；撞击；罢工→__________ (过去式)→ _________(过去分词) → ______________ adj. 迷人的→ _____________n. 罢工者；前锋 19._____________n. 总结；概括→ _____________ v. 总结；概括 20._______________ n. 供应；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给→ __________n. 供应商 II.单词拼写 1．A terrible earthquake struck his home town yesterday, causing great d________． 2．As the world's population continues to grow, the s________ of food becomes more and more of a concern. 3．It almost drove me crazy when my computer c________ again. 4．With the government's a_______，those affected by the earthquake have moved into the new settlements. 5．Try to keep c_______ and just tell me what happened. 6．I'm very glad that you can write me a ________ (概要) of this report，which saves me a lot of time from going through the whole report. 7．Wherever you live, it's necessary for you to learn to prepare for some ________(突发事件). 8．He scored the winning goal just seconds before the final _________(哨子声). The audience burst out cheering. 9．I doubt the _________(明智) of separating a child from his family whatever the circumstances. 10．A large number of_________(避难所) have been built for the homeless survivors after the earthquake. III.单句语法填空 1．The man thinks it is unreasonable to spend so much money saving those hopeless lives, while the _____________(survive) lead a poor life. 2．To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture _________(deliver) by a professor from the UK. 3．The room is 15 feet in ___________(long) and 10 feet in width. 4．The company has laid off 1/3 of the staff in __________ effort to save money. 5． The expressions on the faces of the rescued miners showed that they had a great deal of __________(suffer). 6．For miles and miles I could see nothing_________ a great fire and lots of smoke. 7．Standing on such a high altitude(海拔), we found the air was so thin and cold that we could hardly___________(breath). 8．I ____________(trap) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday. 9．He is the boy _________ father is a well－known professor teaching in this college. 10．I saw what was going on, but I just stood by and let it happen because I was _____________(power) to help. 11．We ______________(slide) down the roof and dropped to the ground. 12．She ______________(tap) him on the shoulder and then smiled to him. 13. Fishermen,tourists, hotels, homes and cars __________(sweep) away by the huge waves caused by the strong earthquake. 14.There is mud and water everywhere, _______(make) it difficult for us to travel from place to place. IV.短语填空 1．Global warming is_________________________(对……有重大影响) hundreds of plants and animal species around the world. 2．You'd better wear sunglasses to _________ your eyes ________(保护……免受……) sun damage. 3．The old palace was almost ______________(破败不堪) after the big war. 4．Although she came to herself at last, she was still _____________(震惊) after the accident and kept having nightmares. 5．Tom wasn't here for the meeting because he ______________(患……病) a cold. 6．There was simply no cash ____________(在手边) to pay for the food. 7．It's said that we should clean the house and _________________(扫走) bad luck on New Year's Eve. 8．The best of friends must part, which means all good things must ________________(结束). 9．When the dog arrived, all the birds in the street flew ___________________(朝四面八方). 10．It was reported that the rescue team was _________________(尽一切努力) find the missing mountain climber. 11. Some villages were buried by the landslide, the rescue team ___________(前来营救他们). 12. Large numbers of immigrants(移民) ______(涌入) the area, which caused some problems. 13. He _____________________ (上台执政) when he was 25 years old and has been in power for 40 years. 14.By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite ___________________(上气不接下气). V.写作佳句 1．轮到我发表意见时，我紧张得一句话也说不出来。(too．..to．..) When it was my turn to express my opinion, I was ___________________________． 2． 乌云密布，看上去要下雨了。(as if\though) Dark clouds are gathering. It seems __________ it is going to rain. 3．我们正在收拾行李准备出去度周末，这时我女儿听到呼救声。(be doing．..when．..) We_______________ (pack) to leave for a weekend away ___________ my daughter heard cries for help. 4．大雨已经下了好几天了，这使得向地震灾区运送食物更加困难了。(it作形式宾语) It has been raining heavily for days, _________________ to deliver food to the earthquake－stricken area. 5. 他突然想起来他忘记锁门了。(It struck sb. that ) _____________________ he forgot to lock the door. [话题语篇提升] ⅤI.阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 2025·茂名一中Today, we have the ability to predict dangerous tornadoes, hurricanes, winter storms and floods with more accuracy (准确性) than ever. We know the areas that are likely to be struck by earthquakes, and the areas that are easily harmed by wildfires, and we can tell hours in advance whether a tsunami will hit our shores. However, in spite of all the abilities for warnings, Americans are still quite poor at preparing for these disasters. In a 2006 survey carried out by Time, only 16% percent believed they were well prepared for the next one. A few weeks ago, I was listening to NPR (National Public Radio) as I was cooking dinner, and I heard a moving story about a young boy, Noah Stewart, who lived through a tornado that hit his Alabama home. Noah was sucked(卷入) up into the tornado and then dropped. He landed on his head first, with a fall of such force that, under normal conditions, would have killed him. However, he survived because his mother made a quick decision to put a baseball helmet(头盔) on his head right before the tornado hit. Noah was unhurt in the storm. But the helmet cracked down the middle. The CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention) states that they can't say whether helmets can save lives during a tornado impact. However, it still seems wise for anyone in a tornado－prone(可能的) area to keep several helmets at the ready. Any added protection is going to increase your chance of survival, and as Noah's story clearly shows, helmets can save lives. You don't have to buy new helmets—picking up used bicycle, football or baseball helmets at economical stores and yard sales can save money and keep your family protected. However, it's necessary that you keep these helmets in an easily reachable place; they should not be used for any other purpose, as they may be misplaced. Remember, when a tornado hits, you might only have minutes—or even seconds—to find shelter. You don't want to run around your house, searching for those helmets. (　 ) 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Americans are afraid of disasters. B．There are many disasters in America. C．Most Americans are not well prepared for disasters. D．Disasters are better predicted in America. (　　)2 ．Why could Noah Stewart survive in the tornado? A．Because he was protected by a helmet. B．Because he was brave. C．Because he was quick－minded in an emergency. D．Because he stayed with his mother. (　　) 3．What should we do to make the helmets function well? A．Choose new ones. B．Use professional ones. C．Put them at hand. D．Save money to buy expensive ones. (　　)4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To describe the moving story of a boy. B．To warn us of the tornado impact. C．To advise us to keep helmets handy. D．To ask us to prepare for the disasters. ⅥI.七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The thought of a natural disaster can be frightening, but preparing for the most likely disasters, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, floods and wildfires, is necessary. 1．____You can develop an emergency plan for your family in case of a natural disaster, including household information, out－of－town contacts and school, workplace, and childcare contact information and emergency first aid. Add your evacuation routes and shelter plans as well. More importantly, you have to monitor potential(潜在的) disasters. 2．____ Watch news and weather reports in your region so that you can be aware of potential disasters in the area. You can also download apps for your smartphone that will warn you of potential disasters near your location. 3．____ If your family is at risk of exposure to a natural disaster, explain to them what's happening. Review your emergency preparedness plan so that everyone knows what to do in the event of a disaster. Thirdly, track the progress of forthcoming disasters. Check back with your news station frequently so that you'll be aware of changes in weather or conditions that could alter the course of a disaster. 4．____ In this way, you'll be well informed of what's happening. Finally, evacuate before disaster strikes, if possible. If danger is coming in your area, evacuate before it strikes. 5．____ So be sure to follow their instructions. If you aren't able to evacuate, shelter in place until it's safe to leave the area. A．For instance, creating a plan is a good idea. B．Make a contact card for each member of the family. C．Secondly, prepare family members for what may happen. D．You may not know what kind of disaster is about to strike. E．To achieve this, firstly, identify potential threatening situations. F．Your local authority may order evacuations if a natural disaster is coming. G．Sign up to receive alerts or updates from your local government or weather service. VIII.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Floods and landslides are hard 1．_______(avoid). However, to protect against them, people take a 2．________(vary) of measures. These could include 3．__________(pass) various laws that prohibit(禁止) cutting down trees and building houses in these areas. Measures can 4．_________(take) at all levels so that no one is misusing or overusing their share of resources like water and food. Areas where strong winds and tornadoes 5．__________(frequent) happen need different precautionary(预防的) 6．__________(method). Tornadoes and storms can be predicted to a degree in today's world. Once one is predicted, it is important not to walk out without reason. Asking the kids to stay at home is another good measure. These areas usually have strongly 7．_________ (build) houses not to be damaged by extreme conditions. However, having a basement where you can stay and wait for the storm to pass 8．_________(be) not a bad idea. Make sure that the basement has 9．____________ door that takes you directly out of the house in case the house collapses(倒塌). To protect against natural disasters, safety measures need to be taken by governments. Communities need to have small plans in place because of the happening of a disaster. And the nearest people that can help you will be those 10．___________ live in your neighbourhood. 参考答案 I.词形变化 1. die, death, dead, dying, deadly 2. affect, effect, effective, effectively, affection 3. shock, shocking, shocked 4. breathe, breath, breathless, breathlessly 5. wise, wisely, wisdom 6. unify, unified, unification 7. revive, revival 8. survive, survival, survivor 9. suffer, suffering, sufferer 10. erupt, eruption, 11. long, length, lengthen 12. power, powerful, powerless, empower 13. calm, calmly, calmness 14. electricity, electric, electrical, electronic 15. effort, effortless, 16. metal, model, medal, media 17. deliver, delivery, deliverer 18. emergency, emergent, emerge 19. strike, struck, stricken,striking, striker 20. summary, summarize 21. supply, supplier II.单词拼写 1．A terrible earthquake struck his home town yesterday, causing great damage__． 2．As the world's population continues to grow, the supply__ of food becomes more and more of a concern. 3．It almost drove me crazy when my computer crashed__ again. 4．With the government's aid__，those affected by the earthquake have moved into the new settlements. 5．Try to keep calm__ and just tell me what happened. 6．I'm very glad that you can write me a __summary__ (概要) of this report，which saves me a lot of time from going through the whole report. 7．Wherever you live, it's necessary for you to learn to prepare for some __emergencies__(突发事件). 8．He scored the winning goal just seconds before the final __whistle__(哨子声). The audience burst out cheering. 9．I doubt the __wisdom__(明智) of separating a child from his family whatever the circumstances. 10．A large number of__shelters__(避难所) have been built for the homeless survivors after the earthquake. III.单句语法填空 1．The man thinks it is unreasonable to spend so much money saving those hopeless lives, while the __survivors__(survive) lead a poor life. 2．To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture __delivered__(deliver) by a professor from the UK. 3．The room is 15 feet in __length__(long) and 10 feet in width. 4．The company has laid off 1/3 of the staff in __an__ effort to save money. 5． The expressions on the faces of the rescued miners showed that they had a great deal of __suffering__(suffer). 6．For miles and miles I could see nothing__but__ a great fire and lots of smoke. 7．Standing on such a high altitude(海拔), we found the air was so thin and cold that we could hardly__breathe__(breath). 8．I __was__trapped__(trap) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday. 9．He is the boy __whose__ father is a well－known professor teaching in this college. 10．I saw what was going on, but I just stood by and let it happen because I was __powerless__(power) to help. 11．We __slid__(slide) down the roof and dropped to the ground. 12．She __tapped__(tap) him on the shoulder and then smiled to him. 13. Fishermen,tourists, hotels, homes and cars __were swept___(sweep) away by the huge waves caused by the strong earthquake. 14.There is mud and water everywhere, ___making____(make) it difficult for us to travel from place to place. IV.短语填空 1．Global warming is__having__a__big/great__effect__on__(对……有重大影响) hundreds of plants and animal species around the world. 2．You'd better wear sunglasses to __shelter/protect__ your eyes __from__(保护……免受……) sun damage. 3．The old palace was almost __in__ruins__(破败不堪) after the big war. 4．Although she came to herself at last, she was still __in__shock__(震惊) after the accident and kept having nightmares. 5．Tom wasn't here for the meeting because he __suffered__from__(患……病) a cold. 6．There was simply no cash __on__hand__(在手边) to pay for the food. 7．It's said that we should clean the house and __sweep__away__(扫走) bad luck on New Year's Eve. 8．The best of friends must part, which means all good things must __come__to__an__end__(结束). 9．When the dog arrived, all the birds in the street flew __in__all__directions__(朝四面八方). 10．It was reported that the rescue team was __making__every__effort__to__(尽一切努力) find the missing mountain climber. 11. Some villages were buried by the landslide, the rescue team _came to their rescue____(前来营救他们). 12. Large numbers of immigrants(移民) __flooded into_(涌入) the area, which caused some problems. 13. He __came to power (上台执政) when he was 25 years old and has been in power for 40 years. 14.By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite _out of breath (上气不接下气). V.写作佳句 1．轮到我发表意见时，我紧张得一句话也说不出来。(too．..to．..) When it was my turn to express my opinion, I was __too__nervous__to__say__a__word__． 2． 乌云密布，看上去要下雨了。(as if) Dark clouds are gathering. It seems __as__if__ it is going to rain. 3．我们正在收拾行李准备出去度周末，这时我女儿听到呼救声。(be doing．..when．..) We__were__packing__ (pack) to leave for a weekend away __when__ my daughter heard cries for help. 4．大雨已经下了好几天了，这使得向地震灾区运送食物更加困难了。(it作形式宾语) It has been raining heavily for days, __making__it__harder__to__deliver__ food to the earthquake－stricken area. 5.他突然想起来他忘记锁门了。(It struck sb. that ) _It struck him that__ he forgot to lock the door. VI阅读理解 【语篇解读】尽管预警能力很强，美国人在为灾难做准备方面仍然做得很差，作者对如何使用头盔作为重要的抗灾工具提出了建议。 1．C　 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“However, in spite of all the abilities for warnings，Americans are still quite poor at preparing for these disasters.(然而，尽管预警能力很强，美国人在为这些灾难做准备方面仍然很差。)”可知，大多数美国人对灾难没有充分的准备。故选C。 2．A　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“However, he survived because his mother made a quick decision to put a baseball helmet(头盔) on his head right before the tornado hit.(然而，他活了下来，因为他的母亲在龙卷风袭击之前迅速决定给他戴上棒球头盔。)”可知，诺亚·斯图尔特能在龙卷风中幸存下来是因为他受到了头盔的保护。故选A。 3．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“However, it's necessary that you keep these helmets in an easily reachable place; they should not be used for any other purpose, as they may be misplaced.(然而，你有必要把这些头盔放在一个容易拿到的地方；它们不应用于任何其他目的，因为它们可能被放错地方。)”可知，我们应该把头盔放在容易拿到的地方才能让头盔发挥好作用。故选C。 4．D　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“However, in spite of all the abilities for warnings, Americans are still quite poor at preparing for these disasters. In a 2006 survey carried out by Time, only 16% percent believed they were well prepared for the next one.(然而，尽管预警能力很强，美国人在为这些灾难做准备方面仍然很差。在《时代周刊》杂志2006年进行的一项调查中，只有16%的人认为他们为下一个危机做好了准备。)”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了号召人们为灾难做好准备。故选D。 VII七选五 【语篇解读】文章建议家庭制订一个应急计划，以防发生自然灾害。 1．D　上文“The thought of a natural disaster can be frightening, but preparing for the most likely disasters, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, floods and wildfires, is necessary.(想到自然灾害可能会让人害怕，但为最可能发生的灾难做好准备，如龙卷风、飓风、洪水和野火，是必要的。)”说明各种各样的自然灾害都有可能发生，由此可知，D项“你可能不知道什么样的灾难即将来临。”承接上文，且呼应空后所讲的“你可以制订一个家庭应急计划……”。故选D。 2．E　根据上文“More importantly, you have to monitor potential (潜在的) disasters.(更重要的是，你必须监控潜在的灾难。)”可知，E项“要做到这一点，首先，识别有潜在威胁的情况。”承接上文，选项中的“potential threatening situations”和上文中的“potential disasters”相对应。故选E。 3．C　空处位于段首，为该段的主旨句。根据下文“If your family is at risk of exposure to a natural disaster, explain to them what's happening. Review your emergency preparedness plan so that everyone knows what to do in the event of a disaster.(如果你的家人有遭受自然灾害的风险，向他们解释将要发生什么。回顾你们的应急准备计划，以便每个人都知道在灾难发生时该做什么。)”可知，C项“其次，让家庭成员为可能发生的事情做好准备。”概括本段大意，说明要让家人有所准备。故选C。 4．G　根据下文“In this way, you'll be well informed of what's happening.(用这种方法，你会很清楚将会发生什么事。)”可知，G项“注册接收当地政府或气象服务的警报或更新。”和下文存在因果关系。下文中“this way”指选项中所提供的方法。故选G。 5．F　下文“So be sure to follow their instructions.(所以一定要听从他们的指示。)”说明要听从指挥。由此可知，F项“如果自然灾害即将来临，当地政府可能会下令疏散。”和下文存在因果关系。下文中的代词“their”指代选项中的“Your local authority”。故选F。 VIII.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 2025·盐城中学Floods and landslides are hard 1．__to__avoid__(avoid). However, to protect against them, people take a 2．__variety__(vary) of measures. These could include 3．__passing__(pass) various laws that prohibit(禁止) cutting down trees and building houses in these areas. Measures can 4．__be__taken__(take) at all levels so that no one is misusing or overusing their share of resources like water and food. Areas where strong winds and tornadoes 5．__frequently__(frequent) happen need different precautionary(预防的) 6．__methods__(method). Tornadoes and storms can be predicted to a degree in today's world. Once one is predicted, it is important not to walk out without reason. Asking the kids to stay at home is another good measure. These areas usually have strongly 7．__built__ (build) houses not to be damaged by extreme conditions. However, having a basement where you can stay and wait for the storm to pass 8．__is__(be) not a bad idea. Make sure that the basement has 9．__a__ door that takes you directly out of the house in case the house collapses(倒塌). To protect against natural disasters, safety measures need to be taken by governments. Communities need to have small plans in place because of the happening of a disaster. And the nearest people that can help you will be those 10．__who__ live in your neighbourhood. 【语篇解读】文章介绍了预防各种灾害的措施。 1．to avoid　考查非谓语动词。句意：洪水和滑坡难以避免。“主语＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”为固定结构，因此空处用不定式to avoid。故填to avoid。 2．variety　考查名词。句意：然而，为了防止它们，人们采取了各种措施。a variety of为固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。 3．passing　考查非谓语动词。句意：这些措施可以包括通过各种法律，禁止在这些地区砍伐树木和建造房屋。include后接动词时，常用动名词形式作宾语。故填passing。 4．be taken　考查被动语态。句意：可以采取各级措施，使任何人都不会滥用或过度使用他们所拥有的资源，如水和食物。措施是被采取，句子应用被动语态；空前有情态动词can, 助动词用be。故填be taken。 5．frequently　考查副词。句意：经常发生强风和龙卷风的地区需要采取不同的预防措施。修饰动词happen，应用副词。故填frequently。 6．methods　考查名词的数。句意同上。method为可数名词，且空前有different修饰，空处应用复数形式。故填methods。 7．built　考查非谓语动词。句意：这些地区通常有坚固的房屋，不会被极端条件破坏。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为have，因此空处为句子的非谓语动词；build和其逻辑主语houses之间为被动关系，因此空处用过去分词形式，作定语修饰houses。故填built。 8．is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，有一个你可以待在那里等待风暴过去的地下室是一个不错的主意。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时；句子主语为动名词短语having a basement, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is。 9．a　考查冠词。句意：确保地下室有一扇门，可以直接带你出去，以防房子倒塌。door是可数名词的单数形式，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词；door以辅音音素开头。故填a。 10．who　考查定语从句。句意：离你最近的可以帮助你的人将是住在你附近的人。空处引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词those指人，因此空处用关系代词who。故填who。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $