七选五5-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-七选五5 试题基本信息 ·题型：阅读理解-七选五（约240词) 。核心知识点：科普知识 。考查重点：上下文逻辑衔接、段落主题扩展、因果逻辑、段落结论句、转折逻辑 材料剖析 。文章结构：引出味觉话题→科学解释味觉受基因影响→研究进展与发现→味觉判断 的主观性探讨 。逻辑主线：味觉是个人观点→科学解释为基因决定→研究范围扩大发现多样性→味 觉本质是生物学→专业判断仍具主观性 阅读理解七选五 What food do you love?What food do you hate?If you ask around,you'll soon see there's no right or wrong answer-it's all a question of taste.Rather,scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA.Our scientific understanding of taste began just 25 years ago with the discovery of taste receptors-cells located on the tongue's surface.What tastes sweet to me might taste sour or salty to someone else,and this is because of differences in the receptors we're born with.In other words,taste is partly genetic. According to Danielle Reed,a researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, "When we first started doing genetic studies,we really just limited ourselves to looking at a few Europeans,people of European ancestry.We are broadening our horizons and studying people of Asian and African ancestry,and that has really opened up the knowledge that people are much more diverse than we ever realized.Taste isn't a matter of opinion." But if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic,what about restaurant critics and wine connoisseurs-people whose job is to tell us what to eat and drink?Are their opinions any better than our own?David Kermode,a wine judge for the International Wine and Spirits Competition, admits that while scientists have shown taste is largely individual and genetic,personal taste remains subjective."But they are encouraged to set those prejudices aside." 题目选项列表 1.A.It's a matter of biology. 2.B.It is actually the number-one driver for food choice. 2 3.C.However,individual taste experience is highly subjective. 4.D.But our taste,it turns out,isn't simply a matter of opinion. 5.E.People all have their own personal prejudices in whatever aspect of life they want to go into. 6.F.And so,our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited. 7.G.For researchers in social sciences,taste is a broader concept related to tradition,geography, culture,as well as social relations 核心词汇详解 1.receptor 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义一是”（生理）感受器；受体”（生物学/医 学术语，指感受外界刺激的细胞或器官)，例taste receptors(味觉感受器)； 二是”（电子设备）接收器”，例a radio receptor(无线电接收器)。 词性转换 形容词：receptive(接受的；易接受的) 例：a receptive audience(易于接受新观点的听众) 高频搭配 名词：taste receptor(味觉感受器)、pain receptor(痛觉感受器) 动词：receptor binding(受体结合)、activate receptors(激活受体) 易混辨析 receptor vs sensor: 前者特指生物学”受体”，后者泛指”传感器” 2.ancestry 核心词性 名词（，高频核心)：核心含义是”祖先；祖籍；世系”，强调家族或民族 的血缘渊源，例people of European ancestry(欧洲血统的人)；常用搭配 trace one's ancestry(追溯某人的ancestry)。 词性转换 形容词：ancestral(祖先的；祖传的) 例：ancestral home(祖宅)、ancestral traditions(传统习俗) 高频搭配 名词：family ancestry(家族世系)、cultural ancestry(文化渊源) 动词：trace ancestry(追溯世系)、have ancestry in.(祖籍在…) 易混辨析 ancestry vs heritage:前者”血缘祖先”，后者”文化遗产” ancestry vs descent:前者强调”家族谱系”，后者强调”血统来源” 3 3.diversity 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是”多样性；多样化”，可指生物、文化、思想 等方面的多元性，例cultural diversity(文化多样性)；常用搭配the diversity of.(…的多样性)。 词性转换 形容词：diverse(不同的；多样的) 例：diverse backgrounds(不同的背景)、diverse opinions(不同的观点) 高频搭配 名词：biodiversity(生物多样性)、social diversity(社会多样性) 动词：promote diversity(促进多样性)、embrace diversity(包容多样性) 易混辨析 diversity vs variety:前者”本质不同”，后者”种类繁多” 4.subjective 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：核心含义是”主观的；个人的”，与objective(客 观的)相对，强调基于个人感受而非事实，例subjective opinions(主观意 见)；常用搭配be subjective in..（在…方面是主观的)。 词性转换 副词：subjectively(主观地) 名词：subjectivity(主观性；主观) 例：the subjectivity of artistic judgment（艺术判断的主观性) 高频搭配 形容词：highly subjective(高度主观的)、purely subjective(纯粹主观的) 动词：avoid being subjective(避免主观) 易混辨析 subjective vs objective:前者”个人感受”，后者”客观事实” 5.prejudice 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是”偏见：成见”，指对某人或某事的先入为主 的看法，例racial prejudice(种族偏见)；常用搭配have prejudice against. (对…有偏见)。 动词(v.,高中略考)：核心含义是”使抱偏见；损害”，例His remarks prejudiced her against me.(他的话使她对我产生了偏见)。 词性转换 形容词：prejudiced(有偏见的) 例：a prejudiced attitude(有偏见的态度) 高频搭配 名词：racial prejudice(种族偏见)、without prejudice(无偏见地) 动词：prejudice against sb.(对某人有偏见)、prejudice sb.'s chances(损害 某人的机会) 易混辨析 prejudice vs bias:前者”负面成见”，后者”倾向性”（可中性） 6.connoisseur 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是”鉴赏家：行家”，尤指在艺术、美食、酒 等方面有专业鉴赏能力的人，例a wine connoisseur(葡萄酒鉴赏家)。 词性转换 形容词：connoisseurship(鉴赏力；鉴赏家的身份) 例：his connoisseurship in Chinese ceramics(他对中国陶瓷的鉴赏力) 高频搭配 名词：art connoisseur(艺术鉴赏家)、food connoisseur(美食家) 动词：be a connoisseur of..(是…的鉴赏家) 易混辨析 connoisseur VS expert:前者”鉴赏家”，后者”专家”（更广泛） 7.genetic 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义是”基因的；遗传的”，与基因或遗传相 关，例genetic factors(遗传因素)；常用搭配genetic engineering(基因工 程)。 词性转换 名词：genetics(遗传学) 副词：genetically(遗传地；基因上) 例：genetically modified organisms(转基因生物) 高频搭配 形容词：genetic code(遗传密码)、入genetic disease(遗传病) 动词：study genetics(研究遗传学) 易混辨析 genetic vs hereditary:前者”基因相关”，后者”家族遗传” 8.scientific 核心词性 形容词(dj.,高频核心)：核心含义是”科学的；科学上的”，基于科学方法 或知识，例scientific research(科学研究)；常用搭配scientific method(科 学方法)。 词性转换 副词：scientifically(科学地) 例：scientifically proven（科学证实的) 高频搭配 形容词：scientific approach(科学方法)、scientific evidence(科学证据) 动词：apply scientific principles(应用科学原理) 易混辨析 scientific vs technical:前者”科学性”，后者”技术性” 5 9.horizon 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：核心含义一是”地平线”，例the horizon(地平线)： 二是”眼界；视野”，常用搭配broaden one's horizons(开阔某人的眼界)。 词性转换 形容词：horizontal(水平的) 例：horizontal line(水平线) 高频搭配 名词：on the horizon(即将来临的)、broaden horizons(开阔视野) 动词：expand one's horizons(扩展视野) 易混辨析 horizon vs perspective:前者”视野范围”，后者”观点角度” 10.influence 核心词性 动词(v.,高频核心)：核心含义是”影响；对…起作用”，例Genes influence our taste..(基因影响我们的taste)。 名词(n.,高频核心)：核心含义是”影响；影响力”，例have an influence 0n.…(对…有影响)。 词性转换 形容词：influential(有影响力的) 例：an influential figure(有影响力的人物) 高频搭配 名词：significant influence(重大影响)、under the influence of..(受…影 响) 动词：influence sb,'s decision(影响某人的决定) 易混辨析 infuence vs affect: 前者”潜移默化影响”，后者”直接影响” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：35-39 DGFAC 1.D (But our taste,it turns out,isn't simply a matter of opinion.) 考点：上下文逻辑衔接 语境：前文提到”taste is all a question of taste'”,后文转折指出”taste is influenced by our genes and DNA”,D选项用"but”承接前文观点并引出科学发现，形成”观点→否定→科学解释” 的逻辑链。 辨析：A强调生物学本质，与后文”influenced by genes”重复；B"food choice”未提及；D通 过”isn't simply a matter of opinion”否定前文”question of taste”,引出”genetic influence”,符 合过渡逻辑。 2.G(For researchers in social sciences,taste is a broader concept related to tradition, geography,culture,as well as social relations. 考点：段落主题扩展 语境：前文介绍”taste receptors”的科学发现，G选项从”social sciences”角度补充"taste'”的多 元影响因素（传统、地理、文化等），与后文”differences in receptors'”形成”科学+社会”的多 6 角度阐释。 辨析：F”diversity of humans'”与后文”receptors'”衔接不当；G通过broader concept'”扩展话 题维度，符合学术文本”多角度论述”的特点。 3.F (And so,our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited.) 考点：因果逻辑+代词指代 语境：前文提到"limited ourselves to looking at a few Europeans”,F选项用”And so”承接， ”our understanding..limited”与前文limited ourselves”形成因果关系，”broad diversity”呼应 后文”studying Asian and African ancestry'”。 辨析：E”personal prejudices”与”genetic studies'”无关；F通过”so”总结前文局限，☑引出后 文"broadening horizons'”的必要性，逻辑连贯。 4.A (It's a matter of biology.) 考点：段落结论句 语境：前文强调taste is partly genetic'”及"diversity of humans'”,A选项"a matter of biology” 总结前文”genes,.DNA,receptors”等生物学因素，呼应首段"scientists have discovered”。 辨析：C”subjective'”与前文"taste isn't a matter of opinion”矛盾；A用"biology”概括”genetic'” 本质，作为段落结论句简洁有力。 5.C (However,individual taste experience is highly subjective. 考点：转折逻辑+人物观点 语境：前文David Kermode承认"taste is largely individual and genetic'”,C选项用”However'”转 折，☑引出”personal taste remains subjective'”,与后文”set those prejudices aside”中”prejudices” (主观偏见)呼应。 辨析：E”prejudices in whatever aspect'”范围过大；C通过”subjective”衔接”prejudices'”,符 合”承认客观基因影响，但强调主观体验”的说话逻辑。