范畴3 话题15 灾害防范与宇宙探索-【一战成名新中考】2026河南中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·话题读写思维训练优质PPT课件（讲册）

该初中英语中考复习课件聚焦“自然灾害防范与宇宙探索”核心话题，对接课标子主题“自然灾害与防范措施、地球与宇宙探秘”，梳理近10年未考考点，涵盖灾害与航天词汇、功能句型及说明文语篇阅读，按“词汇积累-句型应用-语篇研读”分层归纳选择、词义猜测等常考题型，体现中考备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“话题词汇+真题语篇+素养提升”模式，如解析神舟飞船任务语篇中“it”指代题，示范“定位原文-联系上下文”解题步骤，培养学生思维品质；结合月球水发现文章，分析定语从句结构，提升语言理解能力。设计“佳句应用”与“易错点对比”，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依此制定冲刺计划，确保复习效果。

英语 1 2 第一部分 话题读写精讲练 ★范畴三 人与自然 话题15 灾害防范与宇宙探索 ［近10年未考］ 3 【课标子主题】①自然灾害与防范措施, 人身安全与自我保护; ②地球 与宇宙探秘, 航天事业发展 【常考角度】灾害与防范、地球与宇宙探索、航空与航天 【教材单元链接】 人教 课标 / 八(上)U4 T2 如何在地震中保护自己 九(上)U4 T2 & T3 宇宙探索 4 自然灾害与防范 1.earthquake 地震 2.flood 洪水 3.rainstorm 暴风雨 4.thunderstorm 雷雨 5.sandstorm 沙尘暴 6.fire 火灾 7.typhoon 台风 8.tornado 龙卷风 5 #5 9.keep calm in danger 在危险中保持冷静 10.prepare a first-aid bag 准备急救包 11.listen to weather news 听天气资讯 12.close all windows 关掉所有窗户 13.rebuild after a disaster 灾后重建 14.stay away from the power lines 远离电线 15.hide under the table 躲在桌子下面 16.shout for help 大声呼救 17.move to higher places 移动到高处 18.stay in an open space 待在开阔的地方 19.don’t stand under trees 不要站在树下 20.be careful of fallen things 小心掉落的东西 21.turn off the lights and gas 关掉灯和天然气 22.cover one’s mouth and nose with a wet towel 用湿毛巾捂住口鼻 我来补充：_____________________________________________________#1.8#13 宇宙航天 1.astronaut 宇航员 2.planet 行星 3.rocket 火箭 4.satellite 卫星 5.the Galaxy 银河系 6.solar system 太阳系 7.space station 空间站 8.space travel 太空旅行 9.manned spaceship 载人飞船 10.black hole 黑洞 11.launch… into the sky 把……发射上天 12.send a spaceship into space 把宇宙飞船送入太空 13.explore the mystery of the universe 探索宇宙的奥秘 我来补充：_____________________________________________________#1.8 8 1.地震期间, 我们应该远离路灯或电线。(stay away from) ________________________________________________________________ ____________ We should stay away from street lights or power lines during the earthquake. 2.当洪水来临时, 我们必须迅速转移到更高的地方。(move to higher places) ____________________________________________________________ When a flood comes, we must move to higher places quickly. 9 3.太空旅行是现代科学技术的奇迹之一。(space travel) ________________________________________________________________ Space travel is one of the wonders of modern science and technology. 4.宇航员在空间站教了我们一些有趣的科学知识。(space station) ________________________________________________________________ ______________ The astronauts taught us some interesting science knowledge on the space station. 5.中国将来会发射更多的火箭进入太空进行探索。(send… into space) ______________________________________________________________ China will send more rockets into space to explore in the future. 10 ▶课标高频词句 1.think about _____________ 2.in the future ______ 3.make it+adj. to do sth. ________________ 4.It’s+adj.+for sb. to do sth. _____________________________ 5.expect to do sth. ____________ 6.all in all ______ 7.open up _____________ 考虑, 思考 将来 使得做某事…… 对某人来说, 做某事是……的 期待做某事 总之 打开, 开启 11 ▶佳句积累(翻译波浪线所在句) ___________________________________________________________ 总而言之, 这项研究为在月球上找到水资源开辟了新的可能性。 ▶长难句解读 ①铺灰的句子为which引导的 ______从句, which在从句中作 ______, 从句中 还包含了一个由how引导的 ______从句。 ②铺灰的句子为 _____引导的 ______从句, 从句中还包含了一个由when引 导的 __________从句。 定语 主语 宾语 that 表语 时间状语 Recently, a great scientific discovery amazed the world. ①Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the Moon, which could change how we think about living on the Moon in the future! They wrote about their discovery in a science magazine called The Innovation. Their discovery shows that by using lunar soil (月壤), scientists can create a lot of water on the Moon. In the past, missions to the Moon showed that there might be ice at the Moon’s north and south poles(极). However, there isn’t much water 13 in lunar soil—only a little bit, about 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent, which makes it hard to find and use water there. So it’s difficult for people to expect to live on the Moon. The researchers, however, found something exciting after studying the rocks and soil from the Moon brought back by the Chang’e-5 spacecraft. ②One of the exciting things they discovered is that lunar soil melts(融化) when it reaches over 1,000 . When it begins to melt, it produces water vapor(蒸气). They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can give us 5.1g to 7.6g of water. So, if we had one ton of lunar soil, we could get between 51kg and 76kg of water. That’s enough to give drinking water to 50 people for one day! All in all, this research opens up new possibilities for finding water on the Moon. It’s important for future trips to the Moon and people who might live there someday. As we learn more about how to make water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of humans living on the Moon. This discovery could help make that dream come true!#4 1.What did Chinese scientists discover that amazed the world? A. A new method to travel to the Moon. B. Ice at the Moon’s north and south poles. C. A new way to produce water on the Moon. D. Soil on the Moon can be used for building. √ 16 2.Why does the writer mention the earlier research in Paragraph 2? A. To show that it was totally wrong. B. To compare it with the new discovery. C. To prove there is no water on the Moon. D. To explain the difficulties people met before. √ 17 3. How much water may scientists get if they have 1,000g of lunar soil? A. B. C. D. √ 18 4. What’s the writer’s attitude towards the dream of humans living on the Moon? A. Hopeful. B. Worried. C. Surprised. D. Doubtful. 5.What does the text mainly talk about? A. The importance of lunar soil. B. Natural environment on the Moon. C. A great scientific discovery. D. The rocks and soil form the Moon. √ √ 19 1.体裁：说明文 2.What(主旨)：文章主要介绍了中国科学家利用月壤制造水的突破性发现, 为未来月球居住和探索提供了新的可能。 3.Why(意图)：通过介绍在月球上制造水的新方法, 激发读者对未知领域的 好奇心和探索欲。#3 20 4.How(组织结构)：#4 21 佳句应用 1.宇宙飞船使到月球旅行成为可能。(make it+adj. to do sth.) ________________________________________________ Spaceships make it possible to travel to the Moon. 2.意外发生时, 思考如何保护我们自己很重要。(think about) ________________________________________________________________ __________________ It’s important to think about how to protect ourselves when an accident happens. 22 Passage 1 1.launch… into… __________________ 2.space station ________ 3.connect with ________________ 4.take over ____________ 5.carry out ____________ 6.be important for ________________ 7.achieve one’s goal ________________ 将……发射到…… 空间站 与……联系/连接 接手; 接替 进行; 实行 对……是重要的 实现某人的目标 23 On April 24, 2025, China achieved great success! It launched the Shenzhou-20 crewed spaceship into space. Three astronauts were sent to the orbiting(沿轨道运行的) space station for a six-month mission. That day was the 10th anniversary(周年纪念日) of “China Space Day”, a time to celebrate the country’s space achievements, which all started with China’s first satellite, Dongfanghong-1, launched in 1970. Next, the Shenzhou-20 quickly and automatically(自动地) met and connected with the Tiangong space station. The Shenzhou-20 crew then took over from the Shenzhou-19 crew in space. The crew, including 24 Chen Dong(the team leader) and astronauts Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie, had many tasks—doing space science experiments, carrying out technology tests, walking in space and dealing with goods. There were also some cool life science experiments. For example, they watched zebrafish(to learn about bone and heart health in low gravity), streptomyces(tiny living things used in making medicine), and planarian worms(China’s first experiment on how animals regrow body parts in space). The Shenzhou-20 crew studied the planarian regeneration (再生) in space and it could help us understand how to deal with space-related health problems in humans. Besides these, they did 59 other space science experiments and technology tests in the space station, where over 200 scientific projects have been hosted. China is also training its fourth group of astronauts. Astronauts from Hong Kong and Macao may fly to space as early as 2026. Shenzhou-20’s mission is important for China to achieve its goal of sending humans to the moon by 2030. Every experiment, every test, and every activity moves us one step closer to that dream.#4 1.What do Dongfanghong-1 and Shenzhou-20 have in common? A. They both carried astronauts to space. B. They were both launched to the moon. C. They both advanced China’s space industry. D. They were both launched on April 24. √ 27 2. What tasks was carried out by the Shenzhou-20 crew according to Paragraph 2? a. Giving physics lessons. b. Carrying out technology tests. c. Walking in space. d. Doing space science experiments. A. a, b, c B. a, b, d C. a, c, d D. b, c, d √ 28 3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The experiment on zebrafish. B. The planarian worm experiment. C. The medicine-making process. D. The space station’s scientific project. √ 29 4. What does the writer think of China’s space program? A. Hopeful. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Uncertain. 5.What is the best title for the text? A. The Tiangong Station： Building in Progress B. Mission in Shenzhou-20： Training New Astronauts C. Shenzhou-20： A New Step in China’s Space Journey D. Space Science： Zebrafish and Worms in Experiments √ √ 30 佳句应用 1.宇航员们将开展实验, 帮助我们进一步了解太空生活。(carry out) ________________________________________________________________ ___________________ The astronauts will carry out experiments to help us learn more about life in space. 2.运动对宇航员来说很重要, 因为这可以帮助他们保持健康。 (be important for) ________________________________________________________________ _________ Exercising is important for astronauts because it can help them stay healthy. 31 Passage 2 1.wash away ____________ 2.a period of time __________ 3.natural killer __________ 4.global warming __________ 5.sea level ________ 冲走; 冲垮 一段时间 自然杀手 全球变暖 海平面 32 Water is one of the most useful things on Earth. It gives us life. We think water is something soft and gentle, but sometimes water is so powerful that it can even be destructive(破坏性的). Here we talk about floods. There are two main kinds of floods：flash floods and slow floods. Flash floods are sudden floods of great volumes(体积) of water. They overflow(溢出) the banks of the rivers and wash away everything they touch into pieces. Flash floods are destructive. The other type is slow 33 floods. They rise over a long period of time. Usually as more and more rain falls, the water in rivers rises and land floods. These slow floods happen in every country in the world. Floods are the world’s biggest natural killer. When floods happen, crops are damaged(毁坏), houses are washed away, roads are destroyed, and people are killed. Every year in America water kills over 100 people, most in flash floods. Floods also cause huge economic(经济的) losses. Floods are a serious problem. Worse still, they may become more powerful and happen more often as global warming becomes more and more serious. Around the world, sea levels will rise, and more lives will be taken by the flood waters of our planet. Floods are a serious natural disaster and we must try to stop them from happening often to protect our lives and homes.#5 1.What can we know about flash floods? A. They happen unexpectedly. B. They are slow but powerful. C. They are less destructive than slow floods. D. They appear everywhere around the world. 2. How does the writer explain “Floods are the world’s biggest natural killer.”? A. By giving facts. B. By telling stories. C. By raising questions. D. By showing steps. √ √ 36 3.What does the underlined word “taken” mean in Paragraph 4? A. Born. B. Protected. C. Killed. D. Controlled. 4. What is the structure of the text? A. B. C. D. √ √ 37 5. What might the writer talk about next? A. The history of floods. B. Ways to prevent floods. C. Stories of flood survivors. D. Types of natural disasters. √ 38 Passage 3 1.dream about ____________ 2.would like to do sth. ____________ 3.wish for _____________ 4.have to ________ 5.be likely to do sth. ______________ 6.have a cough ______ 7.wear masks ________ 梦想; 梦见 想要做某事 希望, 渴望 不得不 有可能做某事 咳嗽 戴口罩 39 Have you ever dreamed about what it would be like to go to some of the farthest places on Earth? Perhaps you’d like to cross the Sahara Desert. As you experience the heat, you might find yourself wishing for a light wind. However, if you notice that the light wind turns into a heavy wind, you have to be careful. It is hard for you to find your way. 1. ___ B The main causes of sandstorms include sand-dust source(沙尘源), strong winds and air conditions that are likely to change suddenly. Sandstorms appear when 40 strong winds blow lots of sand and dust into the air. 2. ___ For example, sandstorms are quite common in the Sahara Desert. Sandstorms can happen quickly and without much warning. 3. ___ Therefore, it doesn’t take hurricane-force(飓风级别的) winds to get sand and dust moving through the air. The faster the wind blows, the higher and farther the sand and dust can be blown. C E 4. ___ Since they can reduce visibility(能见度) to near zero, sandstorms make traveling difficult. Blowing sand and dust can also get into machines, making them broken. Sandstorms can also cause all kinds of health problems, since sand and dust flying through the air can find their way into your eyes, nose, mouth, and so on. 5. ___ If you have a bad cough after a sandstorm, go to the hospital.#6 A D A. Sandstorms can be very dangerous. B. What do you know about sandstorms? C. They usually happen in sandy areas, especially deserts. D. During a sandstorm, you should wear masks if you are outside. E. Wind speeds as low as 25 miles per hour can cause sandstorms.#5 $