话题16 灾害防范与宇宙探索-【一战成名新中考】2026辽宁中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·话题读写思维训练优质PPT课件（练册）

该初中英语中考复习课件聚焦“人与自然”范畴下“灾害防范与宇宙探索”核心话题，对接中考说明要求，梳理出细节理解占40%、词义猜测占25%、主旨大意占20%的考点分布，并按“宇宙探索、自然灾害”两大主题归纳了真题阅读题型及核心词句预习清单。 课件亮点在于“真题实战+素养提升”模式，如2025连云港真题“土星卫星”一文，通过词义猜测题“the ringed planet”指代分析，培养学生语言理解与思维品质，结合神舟二十号任务渗透文化意识。配套“核心词句速记+易错点对比表”，助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依此精准突破考点，提升复习效率。

英语 1 2 范畴三 人与自然 话题16 灾害防范与宇宙探索 3 【教材单元链接】#1.1 外 研 八(下)Module 3 探索宇宙 【教材单元链接】#1.1 沪 教 七(上)Unit 5 探索月球 八(下)Unit 7 未知的太空 九(下)Unit 4 自然灾害 Passage 1［2025连云港］ 1.be famous for ______________ 2.get attention for __________________ 3.come in different shapes and sizes ____________________ 4.study in great detail ____________________ 因……而闻名 因……而引起注意 有不同的形状和大小 进行深入细致的研究 6 5.pile sth. on top of each other __________________________ 6.in the opposite direction ________________ 7.crash against ______________ 8.break into pieces ____________ 把某物一层一层地堆叠起来 在/以相反的方向 猛烈撞击…… 分裂成碎片 7 Saturn(土星) is famous for the beautiful rings around it. Now, it's getting attention for being even more amazing. Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around Saturn, bringing the planet's total to 274. A moon is any naturally formed object that moves around a planet. Moons come in different shapes and sizes. Scientists discovered the moons with a powerful telescope(望远镜), which is used to study stars and planets in great detail. Scientists took many photos of areas in space and piled them on top of each other to make the moons appear bright enough to discover. 8 Most of Saturn's new moons are small objects, just one or two miles wide —quite different from Earth's Moon, which is a 2,159-mile-wide ball. These space rocks are in unusual orbits(轨道), too. They go around Saturn in the opposite direction to its own movement. At between 6.5 million and 18 million miles away from the ringed planet, the newly discovered moons are also further away than Saturn's biggest moon, Titan. Why does Saturn have so many moons while Earth only has one? According to scientists, several billion years ago, the giant planet's gravity attracted some rocks and ice. Over time, some of them crashed against each other, breaking into smaller pieces or coming together to create many small moons. The new moons were first discovered in 2023 by a team of scientists led by Edward Ashton, and were recently confirmed by the International Astronomical Union(IAU). Saturn now is the planet with the most moons—Jupiter is not far behind with 95.However, Dr. Ashton believes this might be the limit for moon discovery. “I don't think Jupiter will ever catch up,” he said. “With present technology, I don't think we can do better than what has already been done,” he added.#5 【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了科学家们在土星周围新发现的128颗卫星的 特点，并解释了土星拥有众多卫星的原因，同时表达了科学家对未来的卫 星发现的看法。 11 1.What do we know about the new discovery? A. Newly found moons look the same. B. Scientists found new moons by accident. C. Saturn's rings attract many scientists. D. 128 new moons were found around Saturn. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，科学家们发现了土星周围 有128颗新卫星。 √ 12 2.What do the underlined part “the ringed planet” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Earth. B. Saturn. C. Moon. D. Titan. 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知，土星因其周围美丽的光环 而闻名。故the ringed planet在此处表示土星。 3.What led to the large number of Saturn's moons? A. The size of the planet. B. The weights of the moons. C. The orbit of the planet. D. The crashes of the moons. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，土星的引力吸引了部 分岩石和冰块。随着时间的推移，其中一些物质相互碰撞，分裂成更小的 碎片，或聚合形成众多的小卫星。 √ √ 13 4.What can we learn from Dr. Ashton's words in the last paragraph? A. Jupiter will soon catch up with Saturn. B. The IAU presented a medal to his team. C. Saturn's new moons might support life. D. He is satisfied with their moon discovery. 【解析】细节推理题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知，Dr.Ashton认为在 现有的技术水平下他们已经做到了极致，因此推知他对新卫星的发现感到 满意。 √ 14 Passage 2 1.move around ____________ 2.compare with ______________ 3.too…to… ______________________ 4.travel on ______ 围绕……转 和……作比较 太……以至于不能…… 旅游 15 5.work out ____________ 6.get pulled by ______________ 7.be expected to do sth. ______________ 8.break free __________ 解决；算出 被……拉扯着 被期望做某事 摆脱束缚 Recently, something unusual happened—Earth gained a “second moon”. Scientists say it will stay around for nearly two months. A moon is an object that moves around a planet. The “second moon”, called 2024 PT5, is a small, rocky planet flying around the Sun. Compared with the Moon, which is 2159.2 miles across, 2024 PT5 is only 10 meters wide. It is too small and dark to be found with the human eye but can be seen by using professional telescopes (望远镜). NASA(美国航空航天局) first noticed 2024 PT5 on 7 August. 17 Scientists studied how this small planet was travelling on and worked out that it would travel close enough to Earth to get pulled by our planet's gravity(重力). 2024 PT5 is expected to stay in Earth's orbit(轨道) until it breaks free on 25 November. After that, it will continue its journey around the Sun. However, that won't be the last that we see the mini-moon. Researchers say that it will fly past Earth again in January next year, and then in 2055. This isn't the first time Earth has caught such a small planet in its orbit. Scientists have recorded it several times before. Astronomer(天文学家) Dr. Jenifer Millard said, “This shows how busy our solar system(太阳系) is and how much we haven't discovered out there, because this small planet was only discovered this year.”#4 【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了地球发现“第二颗卫星”——一颗小型太空岩 石2024 PT5的过程及其运行情况。 1.What will 2024 PT5 do after it breaks free from the Earth's orbit on November 25th? A. Leave the Earth's orbit forever. B. Continue its journey around the Sun. C. Stay around the Moon for nearly two months. D. Fly past the Earth again in November, 2025. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，答案应选B。 √ 21 2.How many times can we see the mini-moon before 2055? A. Only once. B. Twice. C. Three times. D. Four times. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段可知，它将于今年11月离开轨道，明年1 月再次飞近地球，再下一次则是在2055年，因此在2055年之前会出现两次。 √ 22 3.What's the main idea of the text? A. The Earth gets a “second moon”. B. A big planet gets into the Earth's orbit. C. Something unusual happened on the Moon. D. How a “second moon” travels around the Earth. 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了地球发现“第二颗 卫星”的过程及其运行情况。A项可概括文章大意。 √ 23 4. Who is the text most probably written for? A. Music fans. B. Sports fans. C. Science lovers. D. History lovers. 【解析】写作对象题。文章主要围绕地球发现的“第二颗卫星”展开介绍， 属于太空探索类文章，因此写作对象应是科学爱好者。 √ 24 Passage 3 1.life support systems ______________ 2.take over ____________ 3.heal better ____________ 4.continuous progress __________ 5.China's space exploration ______________ 6.go further __________ 生命维持系统 接管；对接 更好地痊愈 持续进步 中国太空探索 更进一步 25 On April 24, 2025, at 5:17 p.m., China launched(发射) the Shenzhou-20 spaceship from Jiuquan. Three astronauts— Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie—went into space. Chen Dong is very experienced. He flew on Shenzhou-11 in 2016 and Shenzhou-14 in 2022. Now, he will be the first astronaut in China's second group to go to space three times! The other two astronauts are new to space. One is a pilot, and the other is an engineer.#1 26 Six and a half hours after launch, Shenzhou-20 joined with the Tianhe Core Module in space. This made a “three-ships, three-modules” group. It shows China's space technology is so advanced. The spaceship used new technologies, like smart docking(智能对接) and life support systems, to help the space station work better. The astronauts will stay in space for 6 months. First, they will take over from the Shenzhou-19 team, who worked in space for 176 days. The Shenzhou-20 crew will complete 59 science experiments. For example, they will study tiny worms called planarians(真涡虫) in space to see how they grow without gravity(重力). This might help people heal better on Earth! They will also fix parts of the space station and welcome new supply ships, like Tianzhou-9 and Shenzhou-21. They plan to come back to Earth in late October. The successful launch of Shenzhou-20 shows China's continuous progress in space technology. We believe the Shenzhou-20 mission will achieve great success and China's space exploration will go further and make more great achievements.#4 【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了中国神舟二十号载人飞船的发射任务、宇航 员信息、新技术应用以及科学实验等内容。 1.How many times has Chen Dong been to space before Shenzhou-20? A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. D. Never. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，陈冬在2016年和2022 年分别参加过神舟十一号和十四号任务。 √ 30 2.Why will the astronauts study planarians? A. To make food in space. B. To send them to other planets. C. To clean the space station. D. To see how they grow in space. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，他们在太空研究真涡虫的 目的是观察它们如何在没有重力的情况下生长。 √ 31 3.Which of these is a new technology on Shenzhou-20? A. Smart docking. B. Old satellite systems. C. Regular cameras. D. Paper books for astronauts. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，神舟二十号采用智能对 接等新技术。 √ 32 4.What is the main idea of the text? A. China's achievements in space. B. China's Shenzhou-20 space mission. C. Why space exploration is important. D. The three astronauts' life in space. 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕神舟二十号载人飞船 的任务展开介绍，涵盖宇航员信息、新技术应用、科学实验等相关内容。 故B项“中国神舟二十号飞船的太空任务。”可概括全文内容。 √ 33 Passage 4 1.dream about __________ 2.find oneself doing sth. ________________________ 3.turn into __________ 梦想…… 发现某人自己正在做某事 变成…… 34 4.be likely to ______ 5.reduce to ________________ 6.fly through __________ 7.and so on ______ 可能 减弱为；降低到 飞越…… 等等 A. It is hard for you to find your way. B. Sandstorms can be very dangerous. C. They usually happen in sandy areas, especially deserts. D. If you have a bad cough after a sandstorm, go to the hospital. E. Wind speeds as low as 25 miles per hour can cause sandstorms. Have you ever dreamed about what it would be like to go to some of the farthest places on Earth? Perhaps you'd like to cross the Sahara Desert. As you experience the heat, you might find yourself wishing for a light wind. A. It is hard for you to find your way. B. Sandstorms can be very dangerous. C. They usually happen in sandy areas, especially deserts. D. If you have a bad cough after a sandstorm, go to the hospital. E. Wind speeds as low as 25 miles per hour can cause sandstorms. However, if you notice that the light wind turns into a heavy wind, you have to be careful, because you're likely to be in a sandstorm. What do you know about sandstorms?#2 A. It is hard for you to find your way. B. Sandstorms can be very dangerous. C. They usually happen in sandy areas, especially deserts. D. If you have a bad cough after a sandstorm, go to the hospital. E. Wind speeds as low as 25 miles per hour can cause sandstorms. The main causes of sandstorms include sand-dust sources(沙尘源), strong winds and air conditions that are likely to change suddenly. Sandstorms appear when strong winds blow lots of sand and dust into the air. 1. ___ For example, sandstorms are quite common in the Sahara Desert. C A. It is hard for you to find your way. B. Sandstorms can be very dangerous. C. They usually happen in sandy areas, especially deserts. D. If you have a bad cough after a sandstorm, go to the hospital. E. Wind speeds as low as 25 miles per hour can cause sandstorms. Sandstorms can happen quickly and without much warning. 2. ___ Therefore, it doesn't take hurricane-force(飓风级别的) winds to get sand and dust moving through the air. The faster the wind blows, the higher and farther the sand and dust can be blown. E A. It is hard for you to find your way. B. Sandstorms can be very dangerous. C. They usually happen in sandy areas, especially deserts. D. If you have a bad cough after a sandstorm, go to the hospital. E. Wind speeds as low as 25 miles per hour can cause sandstorms. 3. ___ Since they can reduce visibility(能见度) to near zero, sandstorms make traveling difficult. Blowing sand and dust can also get into the machine making it broken. B A. It is hard for you to find your way. B. Sandstorms can be very dangerous. C. They usually happen in sandy areas, especially deserts. D. If you have a bad cough after a sandstorm, go to the hospital. E. Wind speeds as low as 25 miles per hour can cause sandstorms. Sandstorms can also cause all kinds of health problems, since sand and dust flying through the air can find their way into your eyes, nose, mouth, and so on. During a sandstorm, you should wear masks if you are outside. 4. ___#6 D 【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了沙尘暴的主要成因、发生特点、常发地点， 以及沙尘暴带来的危害和应对措施。 42 1. ___【解析】根据空后列举的沙尘暴是撒哈拉沙漠中十分常见的例子可 知，此处应介绍的是沙尘暴通常发生的地点。C项“它们通常发生在多沙 的地区，尤其是沙漠之中。”符合此处语境。 2. ___【解析】空后提到了不需要飓风级别的强风就能让沙尘在空中飞扬， 因此此处应介绍的是低风速就能够引发沙尘暴。E项“风速低至每小时 25 英里就可能引发沙尘暴。”符合此处语境。 C E 43 3. ___【解析】空后提到了由于沙尘暴可将能见度降低到近乎为零，所以 给出行造成了很大的困难，因此此处应介绍的是沙尘暴可能会带来危险。 B项“沙尘暴可能非常危险。”可统领本段。 4. ___【解析】最后一段介绍的是关于沙尘暴后健康问题的建议，D项 “如果在沙尘暴过后你出现严重的咳嗽症状，就去医院看看。”符合此处 语境。 B D 44 Passage 5 1.natural disasters __________ 2.get warm enough ____________ 3.move up into ________ 4.stay away from ______ 5.blow away ______ 6.go in circles ____________ 自然灾害 变得足够热 上升到 远离 吹走 在原地打转 45 A. How does a typhoon happen? B. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. C. We should try to stop disasters like typhoons. D. More people were hurt and some others were missing. E. The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. There are lots of natural disasters every year. Typhoons are among them. Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September. A. How does a typhoon happen? B. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. C. We should try to stop disasters like typhoons. D. More people were hurt and some others were missing. E. The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. 1. ___ When lots of seawater gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates(蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move high up into the sky. A A. How does a typhoon happen? B. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. C. We should try to stop disasters like typhoons. D. More people were hurt and some others were missing. E. The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. 2. ___ The warmer the air gets, the faster the wind moves. And when wind moves faster than 30 meters a second, a typhoon begins. E A. How does a typhoon happen? B. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. C. We should try to stop disasters like typhoons. D. More people were hurt and some others were missing. E. The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. A typhoon has two parts. One is called the “eye”. It's the center of the typhoon. 3. ___ The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Typhoons are very dangerous. In November, 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan killed more than 6,000 people in the Philippines. 4. ___ B D A. How does a typhoon happen? B. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. C. We should try to stop disasters like typhoons. D. More people were hurt and some others were missing. E. The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. What should we do when a typhoon happens? ●Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them. ●Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your cars! ●Listen to the radio, watch TV or search on the Internet for important information. ●If you're told to go to a safer place, do it right now.#3.4 1. ___【解析】空后内容介绍的是台风形成的过程，A项“台风是如何形 成的？”可总领本段。 2. ___【解析】空后句子提到空气温度越高，风速就越快，因此空处句子 应讲的是风的移动。E项“风不停地打着圈旋转，并且一直在向高空飘升。 ”符合此处语境。 A E 【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了台风的形成过程、组成部分及带来的危害， 并提出四点应对建议。 51 3. ___【解析】根据空前两句可知，此处介绍的是台风的“风眼”。B项 “在风眼里，风的速度并没有那么快。”符合此处语境。 4. ___【解析】本段讲述台风对菲律宾造成的伤害情况，D项“更多的人 受伤，还有一些人失踪。”与上文衔接紧密。 B D 52 Passage 6 1.have a short time to do sth. ____________________ 2.head to safe places ________________ 3.get away from __________ 4.be stuck at ________________ 有极短的时间做某事 前往安全的地方 远离…… 被困在某处…… 53 5.head for __________________ 6.stay out of ______________ 7.get close to __________ 8.turn over on one's back ______________ 9.push away from __________ 朝着……前进/移动 置身于……外 靠近…… 转过身面朝上 推开…… 54 A. Never try crossing standing water. B. It is usually stronger than it appears. C. Move to higher ground away from water. D. Here are things you must know to stay safe. E. You cannot see how deep the water is for the rest of the way. Floods can happen quickly and without much warning in many places around the world. Surviving a flood means being ready and knowing what to do when the disaster happens. 1. ___ Leave dangerous areas immediately. You may have only a short time to run away. Act quickly and head to safe places during flood warnings. When emergency services tell you to leave, listen to their instructions. D A. Never try crossing standing water. B. It is usually stronger than it appears. C. Move to higher ground away from water. D. Here are things you must know to stay safe. E. You cannot see how deep the water is for the rest of the way. 2. ___ Whether you are on foot or have to leave your car, higher ground is your best choice. Get away from areas with ponds, streams, or rivers. If you're stuck at home, head for the roof if you can do so safely. C A. Never try crossing standing water. B. It is usually stronger than it appears. C. Move to higher ground away from water. D. Here are things you must know to stay safe. E. You cannot see how deep the water is for the rest of the way. Avoid crossing through water. Water up to your ankles(踝关节) is enough to be dangerous. 3. ___ Six inches(15.24 cm) of water is enough to reach the bottom of cars and cause the engine to stop. 12 inches will make most cars float away. E A. Never try crossing standing water. B. It is usually stronger than it appears. C. Move to higher ground away from water. D. Here are things you must know to stay safe. E. You cannot see how deep the water is for the rest of the way. Stay out of moving water. Moving water is never safe to get close to. 4. ___ Most flood deaths come from people trying driving through water. Try to find something to hold onto, such as a strong branch or roof. B A. Never try crossing standing water. B. It is usually stronger than it appears. C. Move to higher ground away from water. D. Here are things you must know to stay safe. E. You cannot see how deep the water is for the rest of the way. Swim backwards to survive moving water. Turn over on your back instead of fighting the water. Keep your feet positioned(使处于) upstream, using them to push away from obstacles(障碍物) floating with you. Don't risk it. Once you do this, point your feet downstream and call for help.#6.1 1. ___【解析】空前提到在洪水来之前需要提前做好准备，并了解如何做， 后文提到具体的避险方法，故D项“以下是你必须了解的以保障自身安全 的事项。”符合此处语境，起到承上启下的作用。 2. ___【解析】根据第三段第一句可知，此处应与前往高地有关。C项“转 移到远离水源的高处。”可作本段小标题。 D C 【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了如何在洪水中保持安全的方法，包括迅速离 开危险区域、前往高地、避免涉水等。 60 3. ___【解析】根据第四段第一句可知，此处应与水深有关。E项“接下来 的这段路程你无法看清水有多深了。”符合此处语境。 4. ___【解析】空前一句介绍了“靠近流动的水是不安全的。”，结合选项 可知，B项“它通常比看上去的更猛烈。”对上一句作出解释，符合此处 语境。 E B 61 $