专题01 一般过去时的被动语态、情态动词的用法、定语从句（期末复习讲义）九年级英语上学期鲁教版五四学制

专题01 一般过去时的被动语态、情态动词的用法、定语从句 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-4 一般过去时的被动语态、情态动词的用法、定语从句 单词拼写 完成句子 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 一般过去时的被动语态 一、定义 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，主语是动作的承受者。 二、基本结构 分类 句型 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。 否定句 主语+was/ were + not+及物动词的过去分词十其他 The meeting wasn't held yesterday. 一般疑问句 一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他? — Was the cake made by your mom?（蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗？） — Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他? Who was the song sung by? 注意： 1. 双宾语的被动转换 (1).主动句中含 “主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语（人） + 直接宾语（物）” 时，被动句可将间接宾语或直接宾语作为主语： ①以间接宾语为主语：间接宾语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 + (by 执行者) 例句：主动：She gave me a pen.（她给了我一支笔。）被动：I was given a pen (by her). ②以直接宾语为主语：直接宾语 + was/were + 过去分词 + to/for + 间接宾语 + (by 执行者)（注：give/send/lend 后接 to；make/buy/get 后接 for） 例句：主动：He bought his sister a gift.（他给妹妹买了个礼物。）被动：A gift was bought for his sister (by him). 2. 不用于被动语态的情况 (1).不及物动词/短语：无被动（因无动作承受者） (2).感官动词/系动词 例句：This pen writes well.（这支笔好写。不用 “is written”） 3. 过去分词的正确形式 (1).规则动词：直接加 ed（如 work → worked，clean → cleaned）； (2).不规则动词：需记忆特殊形式（如 see → seen，eat → eaten，break → broken），这是易错点，需结合课本重点动词背诵。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1、不及物动词无被动语态 ❌ The accident was happened yesterday. → ✅ The accident happened yesterday. 2、否定句/疑问句中动词未还原 ❌ This pen is written well. → ✅ This pen writes well. 【即时检测】 1．— Many accidents ________ by careless drivers last year. —Oh, that’s terrible. We must follow the traffic rules. A．are caused B．were caused C．have caused 2．The cake was d into 8 pieces and shared among the friends. 知识点02 情态动词的用法 一、情态动词的定义：含情态动词的被动语态的基本构成是:情态动词＋be+及物动词的过去分词.常见的情态动词有:should、can/could、must、may/might、need等. 二、基本结构 句式 结构 肯定句 主语＋情态动词＋be+及物动词的过去分词(＋by+动作的执行者). 否定句 主语＋情态动词＋not+be+及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者) 一般疑问句 情态动词＋主语＋be+及物动词的过去分词(＋by+动作的执行者)? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋情态动词＋主语＋be+及物动词的过去分词(＋by+动作的执行者)? 三、情态动词的常见用法 情态动词 核心含义 例句 can 能 / 可以（能力、许可） The problem can be solved easily. may 可以 / 可能（许可、推测） This room may be used for meetings. must 必须 / 一定（义务、肯定推测） The rules must be followed. should 应该（建议、义务） Teenagers should be allowed to choose hobbies. need 需要（必要性） The car needs to be repaired. could/might 可能 / 可以（委婉、过去可能性） The meeting could be canceled tomorrow. 四、情态动词表推测的用法 must（一定，90%+）> should/ought to（应该，80%）> may（可能，50%）> might/could（也许，30%）> can't（不可能，0% 左右） 1. must 的用法 (1)表示推测“可能性”时，意为“一定，准是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。 (2) must 表示推测时，可以推测现在/ 正在进行/ 过去发生的动作。 2. can/ could 的用法 (1) can 表示推测“可能性”时，用于否定句或疑问句中。can't“一定不”，语气很肯定。can 在疑问句中的意思是“会，可能”。 (2) can/ can't 后接进行时/ 完成时，表示对现在发生的动作或过去发生的动作进行推测。 (3) could 可用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。 (4) couldn't 表示否定推测，表示某事不可能是真实的，或由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。 3. may 和 might 的用法 (1) may, might 表示推测“可能性”时,意思是“可能,也许”,语气没有 must 肯定。 (2) may，might 表推测时，可以用于否定句中，意思是“可能不，也许不”，但不用于疑问句。 (3) may，might 可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。 (4) may, might 还可以推测将来的情况。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 漏加 be 动词 ❌ The work must finished today. ✅The work must be finished today.（be是被动语态的核心，不可省略） 2. mustn't 表 “禁止”，非 “一定不” ❌ He mustn't be at home. ✅ He can't be at home. 【即时检测】 1．Don’t worry. Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A．kept B．can keep C．could keep D．can be kept 2．My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he ______ your lecture. A．couldn’t have attended B．needn’t have attended C．mustn’t have attended D．shouldn’t have attended 3．When I got home, the house was a mess. A thief have broken into my house during the day. A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t 知识点03 定语从句 一、定语从句的定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。在句子中的作用相当于形容词，又称为形容词性从句。 二、定语从句的结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句剩余部分 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。（一般出现在定语从句之前） 关系词（引导词）：引导定语从句的词。根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有：who人、whom人、 whose人/物、 that人/物 、 which 物 注意：1. 只能用 that，不能用 which 的 5 种情况​ ① 先行词被序数词 / 形容词最高级修饰时：​ 例：This is the first book that I bought.（这是我买的第一本书。）​ ② 先行词是all/any/everything/nothing/none等不定代词时：​ 例：I want to do everything that I like.（我想做所有我喜欢的事。）​ ③ 先行词被the only/the very/the same/the last修饰时：​ 例：He is the only student that passed the exam.（他是唯一通过考试的学生。）​ ④ 先行词既含人又含物时：​ 例：We talked about the people and places that we visited.（我们谈论了拜访过的人和地方。）​ ⑤ 主句以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时（避免重复）：​ 例：Who is the girl that is singing?（唱歌的女孩是谁？）​ 2. 只能用 which，不能用 that 的 2 种情况​ ① 引导非限制性定语从句时（从句前有逗号，补充说明先行词，不可省略）：​ 例：The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.（这本书上周读过，很有趣。） ② 关系代词前有介词时：​ 例：This is the box in which I put my toys.（这是我放玩具的盒子。）​ 3. 指人时：who vs whom​ 作主语用 who，作宾语用 whom（可省略）；若介词提前，必须用 whom：​ 例：The man who helped me is kind.（作主语，用 who）​ 2. The man (whom) you met is my uncle.（作宾语，可省略）​ 3. The man to whom you gave the gift is my uncle.（介词 to 提前，用 whom，不可省略） 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.先行词被最高级修饰，需用 that ❌This is the most interesting story which I have read. ✅This is the most interesting story that I have read. 基础通关 一、单项选择 1.Chinese kites in ancient times ______ in the shape of birds. A．design B．had designed C．were designed D．have been designed 2. The 2024 Jiangsu Urban Football Super League ________ live on local TV stations last weekend. A．covered B．was covered C．is covered D．covers 3. The ancient Silk Road ________ to connect China with Europe. Today, it’s still studied as an important part of the world history. A．builds B．built C．was built D．is built 4. （24-25九年级上·福建龙岩·期中）Emma got excited when her composition ________ as a model in class. A．read B．is read C．was read 5. He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. A．invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited 6. —It’s said the number of the parks ________ to more than 500 so far. —Yes. A number of parks ________ last year. A．have increased, were built B．has increased, built C．has increased, were built 7. —Was the old man’s house on fire last night? —Yes. Luckily, the old man ________ in time and now he is fine. A．is saved B．will save C．was saved D．has saved 8. They ________ be in the playground. They ________ be in the computer room because it’s time for computer lesson. A．mustn’t; can’t B．can’t; mustn’t C．can; mustn’t D．can’t; must 9. —Hi, I met your friend John in Starbucks this morning. —It ________ be true. He has gone to Shanghai for a math competition. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 10. Please stop your dog from barking. It ________ frighten people. A．should B．must C．may D．need 11. — Can the students under 12 go to school by electrical bicycle themselves? — No, according to the law, they ________. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t 12. When I got home, the house was a mess. A thief have broken into my house during the day. A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t 13. —Why is Daniel so happy today? —He ______ win the writing competition. Look at the prize in his hand. A．may B．can C．must D．should 二、单词拼写 14. Mary (not can) (be) a dancer in the future. 15. Look! They may (prepare) for the coming exams. 16. He thought it must be the king’s musicians (pass) by. 17. In Hua’s photos, many things can (find), from the sandstorms to young trees, as well as the people fight against desertification (沙漠化). 18． Can you give us another example that your argument? (support) 19．This is the watch that (buy) in the supermarket by your father. 20． I prefer music which great lyrics.(have) 21． The girl (who) coat is red is my good friend Han Mei. 三、完成句子 22. This is the schoolbag. I lost it on the bus yesterday. (改为含定语从句的复合句) This is the schoolbag I on the bus yesterday. 23. The story book is good. He is reading it. (改为定语从句) The story book he is reading is good. 24. 宋朝之后，扎染在民间广泛传播。 After the Song Dynasty, tie-dye was among the common people. 25. These navel oranges (脐橙) were produced in Fengjie, Chongqing.  (对划线部分提问) were these navel oranges ? 26. The paintings gave people a lot of enjoyment. (改为被动语态) A lot of enjoyment to people by the paintings. 27. Parents should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes. (改为被动语态) Teenagers should to choose their own clothes. 28. 在你离开之前必须把所有的灯关掉。 All the lights before you leave. 重难突破 四、语法选择 When my parents went away, the house was filled with quiet. I have never been home alone before, and I felt both 1 and a little nervous. To make the quiet go away, I decided to enjoy my freedom (自由). 2 good time I had! I played my favorite music and danced 3 in the living room. For dinner, I didn’t buy food 4 a restaurant, and I didn’t just have snacks, either. Instead, a simple meal 5 by me—eggs and noodles. Though it wasn’t perfect, I made it, and it tasted really good. As night came, I started to feel a little afraid especially 6 I heard some strange sounds. I made sure all the doors were locked. Then, I called my parents. When I heard 7 voices, I felt that I was not alone any more. After the call, I felt that I could do many things by myself. I checked 8 I had got my schoolbag ready for school. I even set an alarm (闹钟) to make sure I wouldn’t be late for school. After I 9 all these things, I looked out at the quiet night and was not scared any longer. I felt good and more like a grown-up. This was a small but important 10 for me. 1．A．excited B．exciting C．excitement 2．A．What B．What a C．How 3．A．happy B．happier C．happily 4．A．from B．for C．with 5．A．cooks B．is cooked C．was cooked 6．A．and B．when C．so 7．A．them B．their C．they 8．A．that B．whether C．what 9．A．do B．did C．have done 10．A．experience B．experiences C．experienced 链接中考 1．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Do you know that tea, one of the most popular drinks in the world, ________ by accident? —Really? It’s my favourite drink. A．was invented B．invented C．was inventing 2．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）When Tony ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked 3．（2025·江西·中考真题）—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A．shows B．has shown C．is shown D．was shown 4．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year. A．plant B．be planted C．are planted 5．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）Chengdu is a city in China ________ has two airports because of the opening of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport. A．where B．who C．that 6．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）The high-technology clothes ________ the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games. A．that B．who C．what 7．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—Did you watch the most exciting dance ________ was performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake? —Yes, it was amazing. A．which B．that C．who 8．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）—What kind of music do you like? —I like music ________ I can dance to. When I hear the songs, I’m full of energy. A．what B．why C．that 9．（2025·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 10．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）—Is that young lady with straight hair your aunt, Li Ming? —No, it ________ be her. She has gone to the Horticultural Exhibition (园艺博览会). A．mustn’t B．can’t C．can D．must 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 一般过去时的被动语态、情态动词的用法、定语从句 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-4 一般过去时的被动语态、情态动词的用法、定语从句 单词拼写 完成句子 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 一般过去时的被动语态 一、定义 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，主语是动作的承受者。 二、基本结构 分类 句型 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。 否定句 主语+was/ were + not+及物动词的过去分词十其他 The meeting wasn't held yesterday. 一般疑问句 一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他? — Was the cake made by your mom?（蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗？） — Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他? Who was the song sung by? 注意： 1. 双宾语的被动转换 (1).主动句中含 “主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语（人） + 直接宾语（物）” 时，被动句可将间接宾语或直接宾语作为主语： ①. 以间接宾语为主语：间接宾语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 + (by 执行者) 例句：主动：She gave me a pen.（她给了我一支笔。）被动：I was given a pen (by her). ②. 以直接宾语为主语：直接宾语 + was/were + 过去分词 + to/for + 间接宾语 + (by 执行者)（注：give/send/lend 后接 to；make/buy/get 后接 for） 例句：主动：He bought his sister a gift.（他给妹妹买了个礼物。）被动：A gift was bought for his sister (by him). 2. 不用于被动语态的情况 (1).不及物动词/短语：无被动（因无动作承受者） (2).感官动词/系动词 例句：This pen writes well.（这支笔好写。不用 “is written”） 3. 过去分词的正确形式 (1).规则动词：直接加 ed（如 work → worked，clean → cleaned）； (2).不规则动词：需记忆特殊形式（如 see → seen，eat → eaten，break → broken），这是易错点，需结合课本重点动词背诵。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1、不及物动词无被动语态 ❌ The accident was happened yesterday. → ✅ The accident happened yesterday. 2、否定句/疑问句中动词未还原 ❌ This pen is written well. → ✅ This pen writes well. 【即时检测】 1．— Many accidents ________ by careless drivers last year. —Oh, that’s terrible. We must follow the traffic rules. A．are caused B．were caused C．have caused 【答案】B 【详解】根据“last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；又因为主语“Many accidents”和谓语动词“cause”之间存在被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词” 2．The cake was d into 8 pieces and shared among the friends. 【答案】divided/ivided 【详解】句意：蛋糕被分成了8块，然后分给了朋友们。divide...into...“把……分成……”，固定短语；主语The cake和动词divide之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，divide的过去分词为divided。 知识点02 情态动词的用法 一、情态动词的定义：含情态动词的被动语态的基本构成是:情态动词＋be+及物动词的过去分词.常见的情态动词有:should、can/could、must、may/might、need等. 二、基本结构 句式 结构 肯定句 主语＋情态动词＋be+及物动词的过去分词(＋by+动作的执行者). 否定句 主语＋情态动词＋not+be+及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者) 一般疑问句 情态动词＋主语＋be+及物动词的过去分词(＋by+动作的执行者)? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋情态动词＋主语＋be+及物动词的过去分词(＋by+动作的执行者)? 三、情态动词的常见用法 情态动词 核心含义 例句 can 能 / 可以（能力、许可） The problem can be solved easily. may 可以 / 可能（许可、推测） This room may be used for meetings. must 必须 / 一定（义务、肯定推测） The rules must be followed. should 应该（建议、义务） Teenagers should be allowed to choose hobbies. need 需要（必要性） The car needs to be repaired. could/might 可能 / 可以（委婉、过去可能性） The meeting could be canceled tomorrow. 四、情态动词表推测的用法 must（一定，90%+）> should/ought to（应该，80%）> may（可能，50%）> might/could（也许，30%）> can't（不可能，0% 左右） 1. must 的用法 (1)表示推测“可能性”时，意为“一定，准是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。 (2) must 表示推测时，可以推测现在/ 正在进行/ 过去发生的动作。 2. can/ could 的用法 (1) can 表示推测“可能性”时，用于否定句或疑问句中。can't“一定不”，语气很肯定。can 在疑问句中的意思是“会，可能”。 (2) can/ can't 后接进行时/ 完成时，表示对现在发生的动作或过去发生的动作进行推测。 (3) could 可用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。 (4) couldn't 表示否定推测，表示某事不可能是真实的，或由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。 3. may 和 might 的用法 (1) may, might 表示推测“可能性”时,意思是“可能,也许”,语气没有 must 肯定。 (2) may，might 表推测时，可以用于否定句中，意思是“可能不，也许不”，但不用于疑问句。 (3) may，might 可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。 (4) may, might 还可以推测将来的情况。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 漏加 be 动词 ❌ The work must finished today. ✅The work must be finished today.（be是被动语态的核心，不可省略） 2. mustn't 表 “禁止”，非 “一定不” ❌ He mustn't be at home. ✅ He can't be at home. 【即时检测】 1．Don’t worry. Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A．kept B．can keep C．could keep D．can be kept 【答案】D 【详解】主语Your package与谓语keep之间是被动关系，用被动语态，结构为be done，情态动词can后面加be动词原形，keep的过去分词为kept。故选D。 2．My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he ______ your lecture. A．couldn’t have attended B．needn’t have attended C．mustn’t have attended D．shouldn’t have attended 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词对过去动作的推测。couldn’t have attended不可能参加；needn’t have attended本不必参加；mustn’t have attended错误表达，must表推测一般用于肯定；shouldn’t have attended本不该参加。根据上半句的“My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday”可知，他不可能听讲座。故选A。 3．When I got home, the house was a mess. A thief have broken into my house during the day. A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。must一定，表肯定推测，有证据支持；can可能，多用于疑问或否定句；mustn’t禁止，不用于推测；can’t不可能，表示否定推测。根据“the house was a mess”可知，房子混乱是证据，表明一定有小偷闯入，故选A。 知识点03 定语从句 一、定语从句的定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。在句子中的作用相当于形容词，又称为形容词性从句。 二、定语从句的结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句剩余部分 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。（一般出现在定语从句之前） 关系词（引导词）：引导定语从句的词。根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有：who人、whom人、 whose人/物、 that人/物 、 which 物 注意：1. 只能用 that，不能用 which 的 5 种情况​ ① 先行词被序数词 / 形容词最高级修饰时：​ 例：This is the first book that I bought.（这是我买的第一本书。）​ ② 先行词是all/any/everything/nothing/none等不定代词时：​ 例：I want to do everything that I like.（我想做所有我喜欢的事。）​ ③ 先行词被the only/the very/the same/the last修饰时：​ 例：He is the only student that passed the exam.（他是唯一通过考试的学生。）​ ④ 先行词既含人又含物时：​ 例：We talked about the people and places that we visited.（我们谈论了拜访过的人和地方。）​ ⑤ 主句以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时（避免重复）：​ 例：Who is the girl that is singing?（唱歌的女孩是谁？）​ 2. 只能用 which，不能用 that 的 2 种情况​ ① 引导非限制性定语从句时（从句前有逗号，补充说明先行词，不可省略）：​ 例：The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.（这本书上周读过，很有趣。） ② 关系代词前有介词时：​ 例：This is the box in which I put my toys.（这是我放玩具的盒子。）​ 3. 指人时：who vs whom​ 作主语用 who，作宾语用 whom（可省略）；若介词提前，必须用 whom：​ 例：The man who helped me is kind.（作主语，用 who）​ 2. The man (whom) you met is my uncle.（作宾语，可省略）​ 3. The man to whom you gave the gift is my uncle.（介词 to 提前，用 whom，不可省略） 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.先行词被最高级修饰，需用 that ❌This is the most interesting story which I have read. ✅This is the most interesting story that I have read. 基础通关 一、单项选择 1.Chinese kites in ancient times ______ in the shape of birds. A．design B．had designed C．were designed D．have been designed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国古代的风筝被设计成鸟的形状。 考查动词的时态和语态。design设计，动词原形，主动语态；had designed过去完成时，主动语态；were designed一般过去时，被动语态；have been designed现在完成时，被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“Chinese kites”与谓语“design”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；“in ancient times”是过去时间标志，时态用一般过去时，“were designed”符合语义。故选C。 2. The 2024 Jiangsu Urban Football Super League ________ live on local TV stations last weekend. A．covered B．was covered C．is covered D．covers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：2024年江苏城市足球超级联赛上周末在地方电视台现场直播。 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“last weekend”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语“联赛”与“直播”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构was/were+动词过去分词。故选B。 3. The ancient Silk Road ________ to connect China with Europe. Today, it’s still studied as an important part of the world history. A．builds B．built C．was built D．is built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：古代丝绸之路被建造用来连接中国和欧洲。如今，它仍作为世界历史的重要部分被研究。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“古代丝绸之路”是过去的事物，且表示被动建造，因此用was built。故选C。 4. （24-25九年级上·福建龙岩·期中）Emma got excited when her composition ________ as a model in class. A．read B．is read C．was read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当艾玛的作文在课堂上被当作范文朗读时，她很激动。 考查动词时态和语态。主语“her composition”是动作“read”的承受者，需用被动语态；根据主句“got excited”可知，事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was read”。故选C。 5. He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. A．invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：何江上个月被邀请在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲。 考查时态和语态辨析。invites一般现在时主动语态；invited一般过去时主动语态；is invited一般现在时被动语态；was invited一般过去时被动语态。根据“last month”可知，时态为一般过去时；且主语He Jiang与invite之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构是“was/were+过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用was，invite的过去分词是invited。故选D。 6. —It’s said the number of the parks ________ to more than 500 so far. —Yes. A number of parks ________ last year. A．have increased, were built B．has increased, built C．has increased, were built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——据说公园的数量到目前为止已经增加到500多个。——是的。许多公园去年被建造。 考查主谓一致和时态语态。第一空，“the number of”表示“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，且“so far”提示用现在完成时，故用“has increased”；第二空，“a number of”表示“许多”，后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数，且“last year”提示用一般过去时，同时公园是被建造，需用被动语态，故用“were built”。选项A第一空“have increased”谓语动词复数形式错误；选项B第二空“built”缺少助动词，不是被动语态；选项C符合所有要求。故选C。 7. —Was the old man’s house on fire last night? —Yes. Luckily, the old man ________ in time and now he is fine. A．is saved B．will save C．was saved D．has saved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这老人的房子昨晚着火了吗？——是的。幸运的是，这老人被及时地救出来了，现在他很好。 考查被动语态。根据“Was the old man’s house on fire last night?”可知询问昨晚是否着火，因此回答是昨晚的情况，应用一般过去时，且老人是被救，因此用被动语态。故选C。 8. They ________ be in the playground. They ________ be in the computer room because it’s time for computer lesson. A．mustn’t; can’t B．can’t; mustn’t C．can; mustn’t D．can’t; must 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他们不可能在操场上。他们一定在电脑室，因为现在是电脑课时间。 考查情态动词表示推测的用法。mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；can可能；must一定。根据“because it’s time for computer lesson”可知，他们不可能在操场上，他们一定在电脑室，所以第一个空表示否定推测“不可能”，应用can’t，第二个空表示肯定推测“一定”，应用must，故选D。 9. —Hi, I met your friend John in Starbucks this morning. —It ________ be true. He has gone to Shanghai for a math competition. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——嗨，今天早上我在星巴克遇到了你的朋友约翰。——不可能是真的。他去上海参加数学竞赛了。 考查情态动词的否定推用法。mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；can’t不可能；shouldn’t不应该。根据“He has gone to Shanghai for a math competition.”可知约翰在上海，因此不可能在星巴克见到他，表示否定推测用can’t。故选C。 10. Please stop your dog from barking. It ________ frighten people. A．should B．must C．may D．need 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请让你的狗停止吠叫。它可能会吓到人。 考查动词辨析。should应该；must必须；may可能；need需要。根据“Please stop your dog from barking. It...frighten people.”可知，此处表示一种可能性，即狗吠叫可能会吓到人，所以应该用may。故选C。 11. — Can the students under 12 go to school by electrical bicycle themselves? — No, according to the law, they ________. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——12岁以下的学生可以自己骑电动自行车上学吗？——不，根据法律，他们禁止这样做。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不需要。根据“according to the law”可知，法律强调强制性禁止，应用“mustn’t”表示禁止。故选B。 12. When I got home, the house was a mess. A thief have broken into my house during the day. A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我到家时，房子一团糟。一个小偷白天一定闯入了我的房子。 考查情态动词的用法。must一定，表肯定推测，有证据支持；can可能，多用于疑问或否定句；mustn’t禁止，不用于推测；can’t不可能，表示否定推测。根据“the house was a mess”可知，房子混乱是证据，表明一定有小偷闯入，故选A。 13. —Why is Daniel so happy today? —He ______ win the writing competition. Look at the prize in his hand. A．may B．can C．must D．should 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为什么丹尼尔今天这么开心？——他一定是在写作比赛中获胜了。看他手中的奖品。 考查情态动词。may也许； can可能；must一定；should应该。根据“He...win the writing competition. Look at the prize in his hand.”可知，他手中拿着奖品，应该“一定”是在写作比赛中获胜了。故选C。 二、单词拼写 14. Mary (not can) (be) a dancer in the future. 【答案】 can’t be 【详解】句意：Mary将来不可能成为一名舞蹈演员。can’t表示 “不可能，不会”，用于否定推测，且情态动词后面接be动词原形。故填can’t；be。 15. Look! They may (prepare) for the coming exams. 【答案】be preparing 【详解】句意：看！他们可能在为即将到来的考试做准备。根据“Look!”可知，本句时态为现在进行时，结构为be+动词ing形式，且根据“may”可知，后接动词原形，故用be。故填be preparing。 16. He thought it must be the king’s musicians (pass) by. 【答案】passing 【详解】句意：他想一定是国王的乐师经过。根据“must be”可知表示一种推测或可能性，must be+动词的现在分词，表示对正在发生的事情的推测，句子的主语是“the king’s musicians”，而“pass”是描述他们正在进行的动作，因此“pass”变为“passing”，表示“国王的音乐家们正在经过”。故填passing。 17. In Hua’s photos, many things can (find), from the sandstorms to young trees, as well as the people fight against desertification (沙漠化). 【答案】 be found who/that 【详解】句意：在华的照片中，可以找到许多东西，从沙尘暴到小树，以及与沙漠化作斗争的人们。第一个空根据“many things can...(find)”可知主语things和find之间是被动关系，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态，结构为can be done，故填be found；第二个空分析句子可知此句是定语从句，先行词是people，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导定语从句，填who/that。故填be found；who/that。 18． Can you give us another example that your argument? (support) 【答案】supports 【详解】句意：你能再给我们举一个例子来支持你的论点吗？句子中“that”引导一个定语从句，先行词example是单数形式，从句中作主语；根据句意可知使用一般现在时，support的第三人称单数形式是supports。故填supports。 19．This is the watch that (buy) in the supermarket by your father. 【答案】was bought 【详解】句意：这是你爸爸在超市里买的那块表。分析句子可知，that引导的是定语从句，that代指的是watch，watch与buy之间是被动关系；“买”的动作发生在过去，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态；再根据这里watch是单数形式，所以用was+过去分词。故填was bought。 20． I prefer music which great lyrics.(have) 【答案】has 【详解】句意：我喜欢歌词很棒的音乐。此处是which引导的定语从句，which指代music，在从句中作主语，时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用have的第三人称单数has。故填has。 21． The girl (who) coat is red is my good friend Han Mei. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：穿红色外套的那个女孩是我的好朋友韩梅。根据分析句子可知，此处考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是人，结合句意和“coat”可知，此处应该用whose，作从句的定语。故填whose。 三、完成句子 22. This is the schoolbag. I lost it on the bus yesterday. (改为含定语从句的复合句) This is the schoolbag I on the bus yesterday. 【答案】 that/which lost 【详解】句意：这就是那个书包，我昨天在公交车上弄丢了它。改为含定语从句的复合句时，先行词是“the schoolbag”（指物），关系代词可用“that”或“which”，从句时态与原句时态一致，时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式lost。故填 that/which；lost。 23. The story book is good. He is reading it. (改为定语从句) The story book he is reading is good. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：这本故事书很好。他正在读它。合并为定语从句后，先行词“the story book”是物，在从句中作宾语，关系代词用that或which都可以，都表示“那本/这本”。故填that或which。 24. 宋朝之后，扎染在民间广泛传播。 After the Song Dynasty, tie-dye was among the common people. 【答案】widely spread 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“广泛传播”。“传播”译为“spread”，“广泛地”译为“widely”。主语“tie-dye”与动词“spread”构成被动关系，表示“被传播”，故用被动语态。根据时间状语“After the Song Dynasty”可知，时态为一般过去时，故用“was widely spread”。故填widely spread。 25. These navel oranges (脐橙) were produced in Fengjie, Chongqing.  (对划线部分提问) were these navel oranges ? 【答案】 Where produced 【详解】句意：这些脐橙产自重庆奉节。划线部分“in Fengjie, Chongqing”表示地点，因此使用疑问词“Where”进行提问，位于句首，首字母大写；变疑问句时应把被动语态中的be动词were提到主语these delicious naval oranges 之前，过去分词produced位置不变。故填Where；produced。 26. The paintings gave people a lot of enjoyment. (改为被动语态) A lot of enjoyment to people by the paintings. 【答案】 was given 【详解】句意：这些画给人们带来了很多乐趣。考查主动语态变被动语态。原句是一般过去时，应改为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为 were/was done。主语A lot of enjoymentings是不可数名词，be动词用was；give的过去分词是given。故填 was；given。 27. Parents should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes. (改为被动语态) Teenagers should to choose their own clothes. 【答案】 be allowed 【详解】句意：父母应该允许青少年选择他们自己的衣服。原句是主动语态，谓语动词是“should allow”，其中“should”是情态动词，“allow”是实义动词。在改为被动语态时，需要将实义动词“allow”变为被动形式“be allowed”，情态动词“should”位置保持不变且后面直接接动词原形“be”。故填be；allowed。 28. 在你离开之前必须把所有的灯关掉。 All the lights before you leave. 【答案】 must be turned off 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“必须被关掉”。“必须”用“must”，“关掉”是“turn off”，灯是被关掉，所以用被动语态“be turned off”。故填must；be；turned；off。 重难突破 四、语法选择 When my parents went away, the house was filled with quiet. I have never been home alone before, and I felt both 1 and a little nervous. To make the quiet go away, I decided to enjoy my freedom (自由). 2 good time I had! I played my favorite music and danced 3 in the living room. For dinner, I didn’t buy food 4 a restaurant, and I didn’t just have snacks, either. Instead, a simple meal 5 by me—eggs and noodles. Though it wasn’t perfect, I made it, and it tasted really good. As night came, I started to feel a little afraid especially 6 I heard some strange sounds. I made sure all the doors were locked. Then, I called my parents. When I heard 7 voices, I felt that I was not alone any more. After the call, I felt that I could do many things by myself. I checked 8 I had got my schoolbag ready for school. I even set an alarm (闹钟) to make sure I wouldn’t be late for school. After I 9 all these things, I looked out at the quiet night and was not scared any longer. I felt good and more like a grown-up. This was a small but important 10 for me. 1．A．excited B．exciting C．excitement 2．A．What B．What a C．How 3．A．happy B．happier C．happily 4．A．from B．for C．with 5．A．cooks B．is cooked C．was cooked 6．A．and B．when C．so 7．A．them B．their C．they 8．A．that B．whether C．what 9．A．do B．did C．have done 10．A．experience B．experiences C．experienced 【答案】 1．句意：我以前从来没有独自在家过，我感到既兴奋又有点紧张。 excited兴奋的，形容词，修饰人；exciting令人兴奋的，形容词，修饰物；excitement兴奋，名词。根据“and a little nervous”可知，此处应用形容词与nervous并列，且此处形容人的感受，excited符合。故选A。 2．句意：我玩得多开心啊！ What什么；What a好一个；How如何。根据“...good time I had!”可知，此处是感叹句，中心词为名词time，固定句型为“What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！”。 故选B。 3．句意：我播放了我最喜欢的音乐，在客厅里快乐地跳舞。 happy快乐的，形容词；happier更快乐的，形容词比较级；happily快乐地，副词。根据“danced...in the living room”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词danced，表示“快乐地跳舞”，故选C。 4．句意：晚餐，我没有从餐馆买食物，我也没有只吃零食。 from从；for为了；with和。根据“I didn’t buy food...a restaurant”可知，此处表示从餐馆买食物，应用from，故选A。 5．句意：相反，我做了一顿简单的饭——鸡蛋和面条。 cooks烹饪，动词三单形式；is cooked一般现在时的被动语态；was cooked一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Instead, a simple meal...by me—eggs and noodles.”可知，主语a simple meal与动词cook之间是被动关系，且根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。 6．句意：随着夜幕降临，我开始感到有点害怕，尤其是当我听到一些奇怪的声音时。 and和；when当……时候；so所以。根据“I started to feel a little afraid especially...I heard some strange sounds.”可知，此处表示当我听到奇怪的声音时，我开始感到害怕，应用when引导时间状语从句，故选B。 7．句意：当我听到他们的声音时，我觉得我不再孤单了。 them他们，人称代词宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；they他们，人称代词主格。根据“When I heard...voices”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词voices，表示“他们的声音”，故选B。 8．句意：我检查了一下我是否已经为上学准备好了书包。 that引导宾语从句时无实际意义；whether是否；what什么。根据“I checked...I had got my schoolbag ready for school.”可知，此处表示检查是否已经为上学准备好了书包，应用whether引导宾语从句，故选B。 9．句意：在我做完所有这些事情之后，我望着寂静的夜晚，不再害怕了。 do做，动词原形；did动词过去式；have done现在完成时。此处指过去的事情，did符合，故选B。 10．句意：这对我来说是一次小但重要的经历。 experience经历，可数名词单数；experiences经历，可数名词复数；experienced有经验的，形容词。根据“This was a small but important...for me.”可知，此处表示一次经历，应用名词单数形式，故选A。 链接中考 1．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Do you know that tea, one of the most popular drinks in the world, ________ by accident? —Really? It’s my favourite drink. A．was invented B．invented C．was inventing 【答案】A 【详解】考查被动语态。主语“tea”与动词“invent”之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态was invented。故选A。 2．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）When Tony ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。根据“When Tony...why he was late for school, he just kept silent.”可知，句子用一般过去时，此处指Tony被问及“为什么上学迟到”，用被动语态，即一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，故选B。 3．（2025·江西·中考真题）—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A．shows B．has shown C．is shown D．was shown 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。根据“last month”可知，动作发生在过去，且主语“Jingdezhen Porcelain”与动词之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done）。故选D。 4．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year. A．plant B．be planted C．are planted 【答案】B 【详解】考查被动语态。plant原形；be planted被动语态；are planted被动语态。分析语境可知，主语more trees和动词plant之间是被动关系，空格前有情态动词，be动词用原形。故选B。 5．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）Chengdu is a city in China ________ has two airports because of the opening of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport. A．where B．who C．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是a city，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选C。 6．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）The high-technology clothes ________ the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games. A．that B．who C．what 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。that无实义，引导定语从句，先行词指物或人；who谁，引导定语从句，先行词指人；what什么，引导宾语从句。根据“The high-technology clothes…the players wore”可知原句是定语从句，且先行词是物，应用that引导。故选A。 7．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—Did you watch the most exciting dance ________ was performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake? —Yes, it was amazing. A．which B．that C．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是dance，且先行词有最高级修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。 8．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）—What kind of music do you like? —I like music ________ I can dance to. When I hear the songs, I’m full of energy. A．what B．why C．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。what不引导定语从句； why引导定语从句时，在句中作状语，先行词是the reason；that引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词是物或人。根据“I like music...I can dance to.”可知，空格处为定语从句的引导词，从句缺宾语，先行词music为物，故应用关系代词that。故选C。 9．（2025·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。who谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指人；whom谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作宾语，先行词指人；which哪一个，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指物；/不填。根据“activities ...are about P. E. and art”可知，先行词“activities”是物，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句，故选C。 10．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）—Is that young lady with straight hair your aunt, Li Ming? —No, it ________ be her. She has gone to the Horticultural Exhibition (园艺博览会). A．mustn’t B．can’t C．can D．must 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；can能；must一定。根据“She has gone to the Horticultural Exhibition”可知她去园艺博览会了，所以那个人不可能是她，表示否定推测用can’t。故选B。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $