Unit 3 Food and Culture教材原文助读-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教用课件(人教版)

Unit 3　FOOD AND CULTURE 1 教材原文助读5 1 教材原文助读6 2 内 容 索 引 教材原文助读5 PART 01 第一部分 3 ①cuisine [kwI'ziːn] n.菜肴；风味；烹饪 ②put more simply简单地说，简而言之(类似的表达还有to put it simply) ③relate...to... 把……与……联系起来 ④refer to指的是；涉及；提及 ⑤certainly (＝surely) adv.当然；无疑 返回导航 ⑥in many ways在许多方面 ⑦in point相关的；恰当的；中肯的　 ⑧prior to在……之前的(to是介词) prior ['praIə(r)] adj.先前的；优先的 ⑨consist of由……组成(或构成) consist [kən'sIst] vi.由……组成(或构成) ⑩pepper ['pepə(r)] n.甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉 返回导航 ⑪recipe ['resəpi] n．烹饪法；食谱 ⑫on the other hand另一方面 on the one hand...on the other (hand)　一方面……另一方面…… ⑬bold [bəʊld] adj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的 ⑭be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 ⑮have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事　 返回导航 ⑯recommend sb./sth.to sb.向某人推荐某人/某物 ⑰chef [ʃef] n．厨师；主厨 ⑱fill...with...用……装满…… ⑲peppercorn ['pepəkɔːn] n．胡椒粒 ⑳vinegar ['vInIɡə(r)] n．醋 ㉑observe v．看到；注意到；观察到　 ㉒traditional adj.传统的；习俗的；惯例的 返回导航 ㉓make dumplings包饺子 ㉔stuff [stʌf] vt.填满；把……塞进n.东西；物品 stuff...with... 用……填满…… ㉕slice [slaIs] n．(切下的食物)薄片vt.把……切成薄片 slice...off切下 ㉖onion ['ʌnjən] n．洋葱；葱头 ㉗as a result结果(副词短语) as a result of 因此，由于；作为……的结果(介词短语) 返回导航 ㉘over/on an open fire在篝火上 ㉙such as例如 ㉚lamb [læm] n．羊羔肉；羔羊 lamb kebab [kI'bæb] 烤羊肉串 ㉛on在此表示“继续” ㉜elegant ['elIɡənt] adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的 ㉝dim sum [ˌdIm 'sʌm] n．点心(中国食品) 返回导航 ㉞serving n．一份食物(供一个人吃的) ㉟exceptional [Ik'sepʃənl] adj.特别的；罕见的 ㊱varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的；不相同的 ㊲minimum ['mInIməm] n．最小值；最少量 adj.最低(限度)的；最小的 at a minimum至少 ㊳consume [kən'sjuːm] vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗 consumer n．消费者；顾客；用户 返回导航 ㊴tend to (do)倾向于(做)，易于(做) ㊵temper ['tempə(r)] n. 脾气；火气 a violent/short/quick temper烈性子/急性子 lose one's temper 发脾气 ㊶go hand in hand息息相关；齐头并进 返回导航 CULTURE AND CUISINE① The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “[1]Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.” Put more simply②， this means “[2]You are what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying to③ healthy eating. However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to④ our personality, character, and culture. [1]本句为“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(常用一般将来时)”结构，and表示顺承，or意为“否则”。 [2]本句中what引导表语从句，且在从句中作eat的宾语。 返回导航 Certainly⑤， in many ways⑥ this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in point⑦. Prior to⑧ coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, [3]which consists of⑨ fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers⑩. [3]此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰General Tso's chicken；其中过去分词fried与过去分词短语“covered in...”及“flavoured with...”均作定语，修饰chicken。 返回导航 This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe⑪， however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand⑫， it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us, for example, that Americans love bold⑬， simple flavours. And, [4]since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try⑭ new foods. [4]此处为since引导的原因状语从句，since意为“因为、由于”。 返回导航 Later, I had a chance to experience⑮ authentic Chinese food by coming to China. When my family and I [5]had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant [6]had been recommended to us⑯ by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, [5]此处为过去完成时，先于主句动作went发生，表示过去的过去发生的动作。 [6]此处为过去完成时的被动语态，表示先于found发生的被动动作。 返回导航 we had no idea how to order, so the chef⑰ just began filling our table with⑱ the best food we had ever eaten. With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste: Sichuan peppercorns⑲. The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us. 返回导航 We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was [7]boiled dumplings served with vinegar⑳. I observed㉑ that family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional㉒ dish of the people in North China, [7]此处过去分词boiled和过去分词短语served with vinegar均作定语，修饰dumplings。 返回导航 [8]where making dumplings㉓ has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help. Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls [9]stuffed㉔ with sliced㉕ Chinese green onions㉖． [8]此处为关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句；其中with everyone joining in to help为with复合结构作状语；破折号中间的内容from the youngest to the oldest起解释说明的作用。 [9]此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰pancake rolls。 返回导航 Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result㉗， their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire㉘—usually boiled or roasted meat, such as㉙ lamb㉚ kebab. 返回导航 Our travels then took us to South China, and then on㉛ to central China. In each place [10]we went, we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong's elegant㉜ dim sum㉝—small servings㉞ of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional㉟ stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied㊱ as the people. However, one thing is always true：Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness. [10]此处为省略引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰each place。 返回导航 At a minimum㊲， the kinds of food local people consume㊳ tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like. [11]Could we also say, for example, that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves? Or, that those who like spicy food tend to㊴ have a hot temper㊵？ [11]“who like bold flavours”和“who like spicy food”均为who引导的定语从句，分别修饰其前面的先行词those。 返回导航 Maybe. Maybe not. [12]What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand㊶， and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other. [12]本句中“What we can say”是what引导的主语从句；“that culture and cuisine go hand in hand”是that引导的表语从句；“if you do not experience one”为if引导的条件状语从句。 返回导航 文化与美食 法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道：“告诉我你平时吃什么，我就能知道你是什么样的人。”简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。如今，大多数人把这句谚语与健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、品格以及文化。 返回导航 当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是个很好的例子。在来中国之前，我唯一一次体验中餐是在美国，那里的中餐已根据美国人的口味进行了调整。例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它是在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成的。然而，这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此并不能让我们对中国的人和事有多少了解。另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人有了很多的了解。例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是新发明，所以这也表明美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。 返回导航 后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国美食。我和家人一到中国，就在北京寻找一个吃饭的好去处。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终，我们找到了这家餐馆。大家又累又饿，而且一句汉语也不会说，根本不知道如何点餐，于是厨师开始往我们的桌子上摆放食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。因此，我们高高兴兴地体验了一种全新的口味：四川花椒。虽然食物妙不可言且与众不同，但更重要的是那份给予我们的友谊。 返回导航 不久后，我们来到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺。我发现那里的人都很重视家庭。水饺已成为华北人民最喜爱的传统食物，在这里包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动——无论老少——都会加入来帮忙。后来，我了解到，山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。 返回导航 随后，我们又到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。他们的传统是骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步。因此，他们的传统食物是在篝火上烹制而成的——通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如烤羊肉串。 返回导航 接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中。我们每到一处，都会品尝当地的美食，从广东的精致点心——放在竹制蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品——到河南独特的烩面。无论到哪里，食物都与当地人一样丰富多样。然而，有一件事始终不变：每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意。 返回导航 至少，当地人食用的食物种类告诉我们他们在当地种植什么作物，他们过着怎样的生活，以及他们的喜好。比方说，我们是否也能这样推断，喜欢重口味的人性格粗犷？抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火爆？也许是的，也许又不是。但是，我们可以确定的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。 返回导航 教材原文助读6 PART 02 第二部分 30 ①as to(＝as for) 至于，关于 ②make up组成，构成 ③insist坚持说(后跟的宾语从句用陈述语气)；坚决要求(后跟的宾语从句用虚拟语气) ④driver n．[熟词生义]驱动因素 返回导航 ⑤killer n．杀手，导致死亡的人(或动物、事物) ⑥calorie ['kæləri] n．卡路里(热量单位) ⑦be likely to do sth.很可能做某事 ⑧die from死于 ⑨association [əˌsəʊʃi'eIʃn] n．协会；关联 ⑩regardless of不管；不顾 regardless [rI'ɡɑːdləs] adv.不顾；不加理会 返回导航 ⑪alone adj.唯一，仅仅，只有(常放在名词或代词后用来加强语气) ⑫recommend vt.推荐，建议 recommend doing sth. 建议做某事　 recommend that sb.(should) do sth.建议某人做某事 ⑬limit...to...把……限制 在/局限于……范围内 ⑭in other words换句话说 返回导航 ⑮cut down on削减；减少 ⑯cut out停止做；戒除； 删去，删除；裁剪 ⑰category ['kætəɡəri] n. 类别；种类 ⑱vitamin ['vItəmIn；NAmE 'vaIt-] n.维生素　 ⑲fibre (especially US fiber) ['faIbə(r)] n．纤维；纤维制品 返回导航 ⑳rather than而不是 ㉑quantity ['kwɒntəti] n.数量；数额 large quantities of大量的 ㉒besides prep.除……之外还有 adv.而且 ㉓dairy ['deəri] adj.奶制的；乳品(业)的 n．乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂　 ㉔as with正如；与……一样；就……来说 ㉕moderation [ˌmɒdə'reIʃn] n．适度；合理 返回导航 ㉖ideal [aI'diːəl] adj.完美的；理想的；想象的 n．理想；完美的人(或事物) ㉗fundamental[ˌfʌndə'mentl]adj.根本的；基础的；基本的 n．基本规律；根本法则 ㉘a key to... ……的关键 ㉙chew [tʃuː] vi.& vt.咀嚼；嚼碎 n．咀嚼 ㉚end up doing结果是做…… 返回导航 ㉛allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 ㉜in addition(＝besides)而且，加之 ㉝consistent [kən'sIstənt] adj.一致的；连续的 be consistent with...与……一致 ㉞for example(＝for instance) 例如 ㉟modest ['mɒdIst] adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的 a modest amount of...少量…… 返回导航 ㊱trick [trIk] n．诀窍；计谋；把戏 one trick to...一个……的诀窍 ㊲rather恰恰相反；而是 or rather更确切些；更准确地说 ㊳start with 从……开始 ㊴have a(n)... attitude towards对……持……的态度　 返回导航 ㊵mostly adv.多半，通常 ㊶be on the right track 思路或行为方式正确 be on the wrong track 思路或行为方式错误 返回导航 HEALTHY EATING There is much debate nowadays as to① [1]what makes up② a healthy diet. For example, scientists have insisted③ for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. [1]此处为what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。 返回导航 [2]However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver④ of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer⑤ of Americans. [2]本句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容；as it is是一种语言衔接结构，意为“事实上、实际情况是”，多用来陈述一种原因或状况，尤其是该原因或状况与预期或期待存在不同时。 返回导航 [3]And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories⑥ or more through sugar are twice as likely to⑦ die from⑧ heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association⑨，2014). This is true regardless of⑩ how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. [3]本句为主从复合句。两个who均引导定语从句，分别修饰其前面的先行词people。 返回导航 Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone⑪. [4]The American Heart Association recommends⑫ that we limit ourselves to⑬ less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, [4]本句为主从复合句。that在recommend后引导宾语从句，应用虚拟语气；which引导非限制性定语从句，其中包含what引导的宾语从句。 返回导航 which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words⑭， if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on⑮ desserts, and cut out⑯ sweet drinks altogether. 返回导航 Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories⑰ of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, [5]which are full of vitamins⑱ and fibre⑲， rather than⑳ processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities㉑ of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. [5]此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句。 返回导航 Besides㉒ this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy㉓ products in your diet, [6]as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with㉔ everything in life, moderation㉕ is key. The ideal㉖ diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing. [6]此处为as引导的原因状语从句。 返回导航 Finally, a fundamental㉗ key to㉘ healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. [7]What this means is that people who chew㉙ too quickly end up eating㉚ too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to㉛ digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. [7]本句中what引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语；that引导表语从句，其中包含who引导的定语从句和because引导的原因状语从句。 返回导航 In addition㉜， studies show that consistent㉝ eating habits, for example㉞， taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest㉟ amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next. 返回导航 There is no one trick㊱ to healthy eating. Rather㊲， healthy eating starts with㊳ having a healthy attitude towards㊴ food. One question you can ask yourself is，“Do I eat to live, or live to eat？” If you are using food mostly㊵ for nutrition, then you are on the right track㊶ with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. [8]It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet. [8]此处为固定句式“It is up to sb. to do sth.”，意为“由某人决定做某事”；and连接两个动词不定式短语“to decide...”和“to make...”。 返回导航 健康饮食 现在关于健康饮食的构成有很多争论。例如，多年来科学家一直认为健康的最大敌人是高脂肪食物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，健康不良的真正推手并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》，2014年)。无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康，都确实如此。简单地说，当人们还在继续争论高脂肪食物是否有害时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康的杀手了。 返回导航 多余的糖分大多来自甜食和含糖饮料。一个普通的美国人单从含糖饮料中摄取的糖分就占全部所摄入糖分的三分之一。美国心脏协会建议我们将每日的糖分摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下，这少于一听含糖饮料或一块糖果通常所含糖分。换言之，如果你想健康，你就必须减少甜点的摄入，并且完全不喝含糖饮料。 返回导航 除此以外，为了保持身体健康，你还可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和纤维的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。与新鲜的食材相比，加工食品通常营养成分较低，而糖分、盐分和脂肪含量却更高。此外，在你的饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。适量是关键，生活中万事均如此。理想的饮食是均衡的，要避免过多或过少摄入任何一种成分。 返回导航 最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。自开始进食起，大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会告知你的身体“你吃饱了”。这意味着咀嚼得太快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。细嚼慢咽还能让你的身体更好地消化食物，更充分地享受美食。此外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有好处。例如，每天在固定时间食用三餐。而且，最好每餐摄入适量的食物，而不是上一餐吃得多，下一餐吃得少。 返回导航 健康饮食没有诀窍。相反，健康饮食始于健康的饮食态度。你可以问自己一个问题：“我是为了活着而吃饭，还是为了吃饭而活着？”如果你吃饭主要是为了获取营养，那么你已经踏上了正确的饮食道路。然而，如果食物已成为你生活的核心，那么你可能踏上了不健康的饮食之路。你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食抉择，这取决于你自己。 返回导航 $