摘要:
本讲义围绕“屠呦呦与青蒿素”核心语篇,系统梳理重点词汇(如crucial, vital及commit oneself to等短语)、语法结构(定语从句、非谓语动词作状语等)及语篇脉络(科研背景、过程与成就),通过词汇注释、句式解析与原文翻译构建学习支架,帮助学生从词汇积累到语篇理解逐步深入。
资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养,如标注熟词生义(work“起作用”)、解析复杂句式(如“Using a lower temperature...”作状语)提升语言运用能力,通过屠呦呦科研故事展现中医价值与科研精神涵养家国情怀。课中辅助教师聚焦重难点教学,课后助力学生自主复习词汇、梳理科研逻辑,弥补语法与语篇理解盲点。
内容正文:
第一部分 教材助读
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
教材原文助读1
读文清障 文本助解释疑
词汇积累
①physiology [ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi] n.生理学;生理机能
②co-winner n.共同获奖者
此处co-是名词前缀,表示“一起;共同;联合”。
③artemisinin [ˌɑːtɪˈmi:sɪnɪn]
n. [药]青蒿素
④crucial [ˈkru:ʃl] adj.至关重要的;关键性的
⑤malaria [məˈleəriə] n.疟疾
⑥hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的
⑦improved adj.改进的
⑧vital [ˈvaItl] adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
be vital for/to...对……至关重要
It is vital to do sth.做某事是至关重要的。
⑨committed [kəˈmɪtɪd] adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
commit [kəˈmɪt] vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等);致力于,投身于
⑩graduate from 毕业于(……学校)
⑪academy [əˈkædəmi] n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校
academic [ˌækəˈdemɪk] adj.学业的;学术的
⑫objective [əbˈdʒektɪv] n.目标;目的adj.客观的
with the objective of... 以……为目的;目的是……
⑬the head of... ……的负责人
⑭review vt.复阅;复查
⑮botanical [bəˈtænɪkl] adj.植物学的
⑯evaluate [ɪˈvæljueɪt] vt.评价;评估
⑰property [ˈprɒpəti] n.性质;特征;财产
⑱distinct [dɪˈstɪŋkt] adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
⑲the fight against 与……的斗争/对抗
⑳suggest doing sth.建议做某事
㉑extract [ˈekstrækt] n.提取物;摘录 [ɪkˈstrækt] vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出
[易混词]exact adj.精确的;准确的
㉒wormwood [ˈwɜ:mwʊd] n.蒿;洋艾
㉓a collection of一批,一些
㉔boil [bɔɪl] vt.& vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开n.沸腾;沸点
boiling adj.炽热的;酷热的
㉕liquid [ˈlɪkwɪd] n.液体
adj.液体的;液态的
solid n.固体adj.固体的;坚硬的
㉖obtain [əbˈteɪn] vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
㉗work [熟词生义] vi.起作用
㉘get stuck 被卡住
㉙acknowledge [əkˈnɒlɪdʒ]vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
㉚defeat [dɪˈfi:t] n.失败;挫败
vt.击败;战胜
㉛analyse [ˈænəlaɪz] vt.分析
analysis n.分析
㉜by chance 偶然;意外地
㉝apparently [əˈpærəntli]
adv.显而易见;看来;显然
apparent adj.显而易见的;显然的
㉞draw out 抽出;取出
㉟substance [ˈsʌbstəns] n.物质;物品;事实根据
㊱insist [ɪnˈsɪst] vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
insist on 坚决要求
㊲team effort 团队努力(的结果)
㊳scientific [ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk] adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的
scientific research 科学研究
scientific discovery 科学发现
读文清障
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 2015
This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology① or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner②), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin③, a crucial④ new treatment for malaria⑤.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of⑥ lives, and has led to improved⑦ health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital⑧ part of the treatment for malaria, and [1]is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
[1]“be thought to do sth.”意为“被认为做某事”。
Tu Youyou, [2]a committed⑨ and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from⑩ Peking University Medical School in 1955.After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy⑪ of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective⑫ of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, [3]where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of⑬ the project in Beijing, and decided to review⑭ ancient Chinese medical texts [4]to find traditional botanical⑮ treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated⑯ 280,000 plants for their medical properties⑰.From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct⑱ ancient Chinese medical treatments[5]that showed promise in the fight against⑲ malaria.
[2]此处是Tu Youyou的同位语。
[3]此处是where引导非限制性定语从句,关系副词指代先行词Hainan,在定语从句中作地点状语。
[4]此处是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[5]此处是that引导限制性定语从句。
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using⑳ the extract㉑ from sweet wormwood㉒ to treat a fever. Tu's team tested a collection of㉓ dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. [6]They then tried boiling㉔ fresh wormwood, and using the liquid㉕ obtained㉖ from this to treat malaria, but this did not work㉗ either. Their project got stuck㉘.However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge㉙defeat㉚.She analysed㉛ the medical texts again, and by chance㉜ , she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded [7]that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently㉝ destroyed its medical properties.[8]Using a lower temperature to draw out㉞ the extract, she found a substance㉟ that worked.After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted㊱ on testing the medicine on themselves [9]to make sure that it was safe.Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, [10]most of whom recovered. This medicine, [11]which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
[6]本句中,boiling fresh wormwood和using the liquid是两个并列的动词-ing形式作宾语;obtained from this是过去分词短语作定语;but是并列连词,表转折。
[7]此处是that引导宾语从句,其中boiling the sweet wormwood是动词-ing形式作主语。
[8]本句中“Using a lower...the extract”为动词-ing形式作状语;that引导限制性定语从句。
[9]此处是动词不定式短语作目的状语,其中that it was safe是宾语从句。
[10]此处是most of whom引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词patients。
[11]此处是which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词medicine。
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort㊲ .Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.[12]It is indeed an honour for China's scientific㊳ research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”
[12]本句中It作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。
原文翻译
屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖
2015年10月6日
今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现,而青蒿素是一种治疗疟疾的关键性新型药物。青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命,改善了数百万人的健康状况。全世界每年有2亿多人罹患疟疾,约有60万人死于疟疾。青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要部分,而且人们认为每年仅在非洲它就能挽救10万人的生命。
屠呦呦是一位尽心尽力且有耐心的科学家,她于1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。毕业后,她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。1967年,中国政府组建了一支以发现疟疾新型疗法为目标的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。在开始的时候,屠呦呦去了疟疾更为常见的海南来研究疟疾患者。1969年,她成为这个项目在北京的负责人,并决定复阅中国古代医学文献,以寻找这种疾病的传统植物疗法。她的团队查阅了2千多本古老的医学文献,并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。在他们的研究中,他们发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法,这些疗法显示出了它们在对抗疟疾方面的希望。
一本四世纪的医学文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干青蒿叶,但发现没有效果。然后,他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸,用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也没起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而,屠呦呦并不承认失败。她又分析了一遍医学文献,偶然发现了一句话,这句话建议她用另一种方法来处理青蒿。她从而有了结论,即煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用特性。她用较低的温度来获得提取物,发现了一种有效的物质。在失败了190多次之后,这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物,以确保其安全性。后来,这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试,大部分受试患者都康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。
屠呦呦说,青蒿素的发现是团队努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队,还有我们国家的全体人民。这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科研和中医药能够在全世界传播,这确实是一种荣幸。”
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