Unit 1 Period 2 Learning About Language-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册教用Word(人教版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语非限制性定语从句核心知识点，通过教材与高考真题例句引导感知，结合表格对比明晰限制性与非限制性定语从句的意义、形式等区别，系统讲解关系词使用及as与which的差异，构建“感知经典-明晰规则-实践应用”的学习支架。 资料特色在于融合高考真题实例提升语言能力，通过对比辨析培养思维品质，设置课堂微练与课后分层巩固练习助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生强化应用，弥补知识薄弱点。

Period 2 Learning About Language 非限制性定语从句 要义详析 探究语法 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 感知经典 （1）（教材P2）In the beginning， Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common， to study malaria patients. 在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了疟疾更为常见的海南来研究疟疾患者。 （2）（教材P3）Later， the medicine was tested on malaria patients， most of whom recovered. 后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分受试患者都康复了。 （3）（教材P3）This medicine， which was called artemisinin， soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。 （4）（2024·浙江卷1月） Of course， shops are not charities—they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money. 当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。 （5）（2023·北京卷） Rankings， however， are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. 然而，排名只是高等教育教学不受重视的原因之一。 明晰规则 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义 起限定作用，修饰特定的人或物，从句不可去掉，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句句意完整 表现形式 从句与先行词之间不加逗号 从句与先行词之间加逗号 先行词 名词、代词或名词性短语 名词、代词、名词性短语或整个主句 关系词 所有的关系词均可引导限制性定语从句，作宾语的关系代词可以省略 that和why不引导非限制性定语从句，关系词无论作何成分均不可省略 二、关系词在非限制性定语从句中的使用 感知经典 （1）This is our headmaster， who I think has something crucial to tell you. 这是我们的校长，我认为他有至关重要的事情要告诉你。 （2）I have two foreign teachers， both of whom are from America. 我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。 （3）There are twenty students in this class， whose backgrounds are different. 这个班级有20名学生，他们的背景各不相同。 （4）He lived in a small town，which was surrounded by mountains. 他住在一个小镇上，小镇被群山环绕。 （5）He has been busy with his work the whole holiday， which makes his parents unhappy. 整个假期他都忙于工作，这让他的父母很不高兴。 （6）We will put off the outing until next Sunday， when/on which we won't be so busy. 我们将推迟郊游到下个星期天，那时我们就不会这么忙了。 （7） Yesterday， they went to have a picnic in the park， where/in which they had a good time. 昨天，他们去公园野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。 明晰规则 关系词 指代 所作成分 关系代词 who 指人 主语、宾语、表语 whom 指人 宾语 which 指物、整个主句或主句的一部分 主语、宾语、表语 whose 指人或指物 定语 关系副词 where 通常是地点名词 地点状语 when 时间名词 时间状语 三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 感知经典 （1）As we all know， various Chinese foods are associated with culture. 众所周知，各种中国食物都与文化相关。 （2）The number of tourists， as is reported， has increased by 17 percent in just one year. 据报道，游客的数量在一年内上升了17%。 （3）He is late for class again， as/which is often the case. 他上课又迟到了，情况经常如此。 （4）He failed in the English exam， which made his father very angry. 他英语考试不及格，这让他的父亲很生气。 （5）（2023·全国甲卷） She even played some recordings of their singing， which was fun. 她甚至播放了一些他们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。 明晰规则 as which 指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代名词、代词，又可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 只能位于主句之中或之后 成分 可作主语、宾语、表语（但一般不作实义动词的主语） 可作主语、宾语、表语 意义 正如，正像 这一点，这件事 as也可引导限制性定语从句，但通常用于“such...as...”、“as...as...”、“so...as...”、“the same...as...”结构中。 ＊He gave such a detailed explanation as he could， ensuring everyone could understand the concept. 他尽可能详细地解释，确保每个人都能理解这个概念。 课堂微练 即时检验 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．[（2024·全国甲卷）]Today I'd like to focus on some major developments， _ _ _ _ include shared bicycles， high-speed trains and new energy vehicles. [答案]which 2．[（2023·全国乙卷）]But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also a place _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. [答案]that/which 3．[（2023·北京卷）]Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago， _ _ _ _ thousands were attending a water conference. [答案]where 4．The sports meeting will be put off till next month， _ _ we will have made all the preparations. [答案]when 5．Then he worked as a technician on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway， _ _ _ _ he gained valuable experience in railway engineering. [答案]where 6． all his friends say， he is usually warm-hearted， loving and generous. [答案]As 7．They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area，_ _ _ _ they also did some climbing. [答案]where Ⅱ.语法与写作（用非限制性定语从句升级下列句子） 1．We should pay attention to small details. This can guarantee to succeed in the end. →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee to succeed in the end. 2．The foreign guests were warmly welcomed at the airport. Most of them were successful businessmen. →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]The foreign guests, most of whom were successful businessmen, were warmly welcomed at the airport. 3．It has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month. →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]As has been announced，we shall have our final exam next month. 4．We walked down the village street and people were having a market day there. →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]We walked down the village street，where people were having a market day. 5．Following the girl， we went into a hall. On its walls hung pictures of some famous scientists. →_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]Following the girl, we went into a hall, on whose walls hung pictures of some famous scientists. 课后巩固 多维提能 ［基础知识巩固练］ 维度一 单句语法填空 1．[（2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ）]Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, _ _ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. [答案]who 2．[（2023·全国甲卷）]There was once a town in the heart of America _ _ _ _ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings. [答案]where 3．[（2023·天津卷6月）]My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of _ _ _ _ had been chosen by Mom. [答案]which 4． is often the case, I have got inspiration as well as encouragement from the paper. [答案]As 5．There, he met a young girl called Mary, _ _ wanted to find her family in Nepal. [答案]who 6．You have a full preparation before this event, _ _ _ _ is the most important reason why you show up here． [答案]which 7．Two hundred participants participated in the running race with high spirits, most of _ _ were students and teachers． [答案]whom 8．It is the third time that she has won the race，_ _ _ _ has surprised us all. [答案]which 9．[（2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）]You are our distinguished foreign language teacher, _ _ _ _ aid can help us a lot. [答案]whose 10．[（2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）]I painted the scenery of the park, _ _ _ _ the willow branches were dancing in the breeze and several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily. [答案]where 11．Tom's colleagues were deeply appreciative of his help, without _ _ _ _ support they would not have succeeded. [答案]whose 12．The girl with curly hair lost her badge, _ _ _ _ annoyed her much. [答案]which 13．Millions of people died in the early 19th century, _ _ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe. [答案]when 14．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ _ _ _ uses it somewhat differently. [答案]which 15．Some people wear masks only in crowds, _ _ _ _ they may come into contact with lots of germs. [答案]where 16．Today only some of the older generation of rafters still operate the traditional sheepskin rafts, _ _ are struggling to make a living. [答案]who 17． is known to us, health and environmental problems have become the focus of attention. [答案]As 18．I have the same book he has, so you can borrow it and don't need to buy one. [答案]as 19．Many young people, most of _ _ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. [答案]whom 20．In the center of our school lies our library, _ _ _ _ is between the garden and the teaching building. [答案]which 维度二 语法与写作 1．[（2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文）]总之，我们都期待着上你的课，在那里我们可以借此机会提高我们的英语口语。 In conclusion, we all look forward to attending your class, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ． [答案]where we can take the chance to improve our oral English 2．[（2024·全国甲卷满分作文）]众所周知，交通方式的改变将给人们的生活带来巨大的变化。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , changes in transportation will bring great changes to people's lives. [答案]As we all know/As is known to us all 3．[（2024·浙江卷1月满分作文）]作为学生，我们经常长时间坐在教室里，这会导致肥胖和背痛等健康问题。 As students, we often spend long hours sitting in class, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]which can lead to health problems such as obesity and back pain 4．[（2024·浙江卷1月满分作文）]老师注意到了她的努力，称赞了她的创新思维。 Her efforts were noticed by the teacher, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]who praised her innovative thinking 5．我们会等到明天，届时将发布正式公告。 We will wait until tomorrow, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]when the official announcement is expected to be made 6．[（2024·北京卷）]廷尼斯伍德不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为节制有助于他在漫长的一生中保持健康。 Tinniswood, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. [答案]who doesn't smoke and rarely drinks 7．他于1992年逃离家乡，当时他只有12岁。 He fled his hometown in 1992， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . [答案]when he was only 12 years old 8．[（2022·浙江卷1月）]她还承认，研究的女性人数相对较少，她们都来自瑞典，因此研究结果可能不适用于其他群体。 She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , so the results might not be applicable to other groups. [答案]all of whom were from Sweden 维度三 语篇填空 When Li Hua was young，he worked on an old farm, 1.   there were few young people. He felt very lonely. He often walked near the village in his free time， hoping to talk to some villagers. One day， he came across an old man, 2.   used to be a brave soldier when he was young. Li Hua found the old man so interesting that he made friends with him. Once， the old man told him his experiences in the battles， most of 3.   were very affecting. Li Hua was moved by the old man's story and he decided to write a novel. As a result， the novel attracted so many people， among 4.   was a young woman. The woman, 5.   husband was a famous director，was touched by that novel and recommended it to her husband. 6.   we all know，a clever director won't give up a good story. One year later， the film, 7.   was adapted from that novel， became a big hit. [答案] 1．where 2．who 3．which 4．whom 5．whose 6．As 7．which ［综合能力提升练］ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make a difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance—curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. Together, these deep human urges （驱策力） count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only to recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius, “is he who does not lose his child's heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. The way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time? That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 1．What is the author's purpose in writing the first paragraph？ A. To present an argument. B. To make a comparison. C. To reach a conclusion. D. To propose a definition. 2．What does the example of Galileo tell us? A. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious. B. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. C. Creativity results from challenging authority. D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 3．What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent? A. Observe the unknown around you. B. Develop a questioning mind. C. Lead a life of adventure. D. Follow the fashion. 4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. Gaining success helps you become an expert. B. The genius tends to get things done creatively. C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection. [答案] 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C [解析] 1．写作意图题。根据第一段关键句“After years of observing human nature, I have decided...of average performance—curiosity and discontent.”可知，作者在第一段提出了文章的论点，告诉读者成就卓越的人和表现一般的人的区别在哪里。由此可推知，作者旨在提出一个论点。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者通过伽利略的例子告诉读者，好奇心和不满足这些驱策力，比有抱负重要得多，历史上所有伟大的人物，他们的成功正是因为对事物的好奇和不断探索。由此可推知，伽利略的例子告诉读者伟大来自对探索的持久渴望。 3．推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可知，唤起好奇心和不满足感，需要做与段落中相反的事，即要不满足于现状，勇于探索，勇于提出问题。由此可推知，通过培养质疑的思维来重新找回好奇心和不满足感。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段和最后一段可知，这两段强调的是不要因为自己没有时间和才能而不去采取行动，并建议读者记住没有比现在更好的开始时间，因为你永远不会比此刻更有活力。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了好奇心和不满足感对成功的重要性，这两种深层次的人类驱策力比雄心壮志更重要。文章建议读者激发好奇心和不满足感，并勇于接触新事物和挑战传统，不断提高自己。 [（2025·湖南多校期中联考）]B The Ig Nobel Prizes, established in 1991, are an amusing alternative to the distinguished Nobel Prizes, honoring research that “makes people laugh, then think”. The name is a clever wordplay on “ignoble”， meaning something lacking honor, reflecting the humorous and unconventional nature of the discoveries. However, beneath the foolishness often lies great scientific value, showing that curiosity can lead to significant understanding, even from seemingly insignificant questions. The prizes draw attention to a range of odd but fascinating studies. Last year, some researchers were awarded for demonstrating that real plants can copy the appearance of artificial ones they are planted alongside, revealing the remarkable adaptability of nature. Another study demonstrated that dead fish can swim upstream by using energy from fast-moving water currents, which could inspire energy-efficient designs in engineering. Additionally, a probability experiment involving more than 350,000 coin throws revealed that a thrown coin is more likely to land on the side it started from, offering unexpected understanding into chance and probability. In previous years, similarly quirky studies have been honored. In 2004, one of the Ig Nobel Prizes was awarded to Jillian Clarke. She investigated the scientific soundness of the “five-second rule”, a popular belief that food dropped on the floor is still safe to eat if picked up within five seconds. Some 2006 Ig Nobel Prize winners found that female malaria mosquitoes （蚊子） are equally attracted to the smell of human feet and Limburger cheese. This research, which won the Biology Prize, suggests that these odors could be used to develop innovative mosquito control methods. Held annually in mid-September, around the time the real Nobel Prizes are announced, the Ig Nobel Prize ceremony is a unique mixture of humor and science, where real Nobel Prize winners present the awards. The event contains a number of running jokes, including Miss Sweetie Poo, a little girl who repeatedly cries out “Please stop, I'm bored”, if speakers go on too long. Paper airplanes are traditionally thrown by the audience, adding to the funny nature of the event. 5．What is the main purpose of the Ig Nobel Prizes? A. To provide an alternative to the traditional Nobel Prizes. B. To recognize research that is purely humorous. C. To recognize humorous science research. D. To award the smallest scientific studies. 6．What does the study of coin throwing reveal? A. Possibility cannot be predicted with certainty. B. Human belief influences the probability of a result. C. The end result is always uncertain, with a 50/50 chance. D. Coins tend to land on the side they start from. 7．What does the underlined word “quirky” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Unusual or unconventional. B. Standard or typical. C. Boring or uninteresting. D. Disordered or unstructured. 8．Who presents the Ig Nobel Prizes to the winners? A. Scientists having a sense of humor. B. Political or social celebrities. C. Real Nobel Prize winners. D. Ig Nobel Prize organizers. [答案] 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C [解析] 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Ig Nobel Prizes...honoring research that ‘makes people laugh, then think’.”可知，搞笑诺贝尔奖的主要目的是表彰幽默的科学研究。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a probability experiment involving...land on the side it started from”可知，对投掷硬币的研究表明，硬币落下时往往是它的初始面。 7．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“In 2004, one of the Ig Nobel Prizes...within five seconds.”可知，获得此奖的研究都是奇怪的研究。因此，quirky意为“不寻常的、非常规的”。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“where real Nobel Prize winners present the awards”可知，是真正的诺贝尔奖获得者向获奖者颁发搞笑诺贝尔奖。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了搞笑诺贝尔奖的相关信息。 C A fourth-grade star athlete has made headlines for keeping up with high schoolers. However,it's not for the honor. The selfless student is a guide runner for a blind autistic （患自闭症的） teen who needs a helping hand on the cross-country track. Rebel Hays,11,of Fayetteville,Arkansas,stepped up as a guide runner for a ninth-grader,Paul Scot,when West Fork High School put out a call for volunteers. Paul,their student,wanted to compete. As they ran together,the pair became good friends. “Paul and Rebel's story is so much more than running,” said Rebel's mother,Lou Ann. “Paul doesn't have many friends,so Rebel doesn't just guide him at races. They also spend time together,” she said,telling jokes. “Paul is grateful for his young guide's direction.” “Rebel directs me whether there's a ditch （沟） or there are hills,and he encourages me to run faster,” Paul said. In honor of their partnership,West Fork High School wrote a post on the Internet. Posting on Oct.6,after a 5K race at Chile Pepper where the boys achieved a personal record of 21 minutes,school representatives explained,“Rebel Hays has been helping Paul all season long. He is a promising runner,but more importantly,he has a huge heart! Thank you,Rebel! Thank you a lot!” According to Mile Split Arkansas,Paul said that his goal this year was to break 21 minutes; however,they missed it at Chile Pepper but achieved it at Van Buren Pointer Classic,finishing with a time of 20:59:44.With the help and direction from Rebel,Paul finished 59th out of 135 runners in the 3A boys race at the state Meet in Hot Springs in early November. Paul still has one more year of eligibility （资格） for cross-country and has now set a new goal of under 20 minutes. 9．What did Rebel do as a guide runner to help Paul? A. He competed with Paul to break records. B. He inspired Paul to make many headlines. C. He directed Paul at different races. D. He volunteered to tell jokes to Paul. 10．Which of the following can best describe Rebel? A. Creative. B. Confident. C. Ambitious. D. Enthusiastic. 11．Why did West Fork High School write a post on the Internet? A. To claim Rebel to be promising. B. To express appreciation to Rebel. C. To draw public attention to Rebel. D. To introduce Rebel's achievements. 12．What is Paul's plan for the following year? A. Taking part in a 5K race at Chile Pepper. B. Directing others to finish the 3A boys race. C. Breaking the record of twenty minutes. D. Getting the qualification for cross-country. [答案] 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．C [解析] 9．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,瑞贝尔作为一名领跑员,帮助指导保罗参加不同的比赛。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,瑞贝尔对保罗提供热情的帮助,说明他是个热情的人。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Rebel Hays has been...Thank you a lot!”可知,西福克高中在网络上写了一篇帖子是为了向瑞贝尔表示感谢。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Paul still has one more year...set a new goal of under 20 minutes.”可知,保罗来年的目标是打破20分钟的纪录。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了失明的自闭症学生保罗在领跑员瑞贝尔的帮助下在多项比赛中取得胜利的故事。 Ⅱ.七选五 [（2025·武汉部分重点中学期中）]Have you ever experienced the following situation: you just listened to a presentation and one hour later you don't remember anything? Many of us had this feeling. However, you don't need to worry about your short memory. This is how our brain works.1.   How to do this? There is no golden rule to make every speech memorable. But there is plenty of good advice to achieve the best results. You don't want to speak in front of the audience unprepared. Unprepared presentations often result in speakers forgetting their key points, stumbling over their words, and frequently resorting to fillers like “alright”, “so”, “okay”, and “ehm”.2.   So, once your slides are prepared, do a few dry runs. These rehearsals will help you refine your delivery. Having good content to share is not enough.3.   Let's recall some bestseller fiction books. They have a story where all pieces are interconnected. The audience follows it and stays engaged till the end. The majority of the presentations can be turned into a story too. Structure your presentation like a story, with clear problems, solutions, and smooth transitions. Clarity on the presentation's purpose is essential. The question “Why” is the core for all businesses.4.   Tell your audience early why they have to listen to you. Engage them with the “Why”, guide them through your story, and conclude by answering the questions you've raised. Public speaking is difficult. Most impressive talks become famous and inspire many people. But even the person who succeeded once can barely repeat the triumph.5.   The only way to get better is through practice. A.It has to be organized properly. B.A convincing story is also important. C.That should not hold you back though. D.Knowing some strategies to maintain our memories is vital. E.These words are present because the proper ones are missing. F.The answer to it gives the reason for the presentation's existence. G.It becomes a challenge for the speaker to leave an impression on the audience. [答案] 1．G 2．E 3．A 4．F 5．C [解析] 1．上文提到演讲很难让人记住，空处应承接上文，强调给听众留下印象这件事的难度很大。G项承接上文，符合语境。 2．上文提到毫无准备的演讲会导致演讲者忘记要点，结结巴巴，频繁使用填充词。空处应解释为什么会出现这种情况。E项承接上文，解释了使用填充词的原因，符合语境。 3．上文提到有好的内容分享是不够的，下文说明了演讲要像故事一样组织。空处应进一步说明演讲还需要组织，强调组织的重要性。A项承上启下，符合语境。 4．上文强调了“为什么”这个问题是所有事情的核心，下文进一步强调了这一点，告诉读者要尽早告诉听众他们为什么要听你的演讲。空处应回应“为什么”的问题，并指出这个问题的答案对于演讲的重要性。F项承上启下，说明了回答“为什么”的重要性，符合语境。 5．上文提到即使是曾经成功的人也很难再次取得成功。空处应给出鼓励或建议。C项承接上文，鼓励读者不要因为困难而放弃，符合语境。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何通过准备、练习和讲故事等方法使演讲更加难忘。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [（2025·邵阳、武冈期中）]Digitalisation,1.   is a main characteristic of the 21st century, represents a widespread use of digital technologies in various 2.   （area） of life. However, experts noted that too much social media use is known to have a negative influence 3.   mental health. So they started a study to investigate how to improve mental health in this time of rapid digitalisation. The results of the study 4.   （lead） by Dr Julia Brailovskaia of the Mental Health Research and Treatment Center clearly showed that individuals who cut their social media use by 30 minutes a day 5.   used this time for physical activity could 6.   （significant） improve their mental health. Participants who replaced 30 minutes of social media use with exercise every day for two weeks 7.   （have） powerful results. They reported feeling 8.   （happy）, more satisfied, less stressed and less depressed. The positive effects lasted for at least six months after the study had ended. “This shows us how vital it is 9.   （reduce） our availability online from time to time and to go back to our human roots,” said Dr Brailovskaia. “These measures can be easily applied to people's 10.   （day） lives and they're completely free and, at the same time, they help us to stay happy and healthy in the digital age.” [答案] 1．which 2．areas 3．on/upon 4．led 5．and 6．significantly 7．had 8．happier 9．to reduce 10．daily [解析] 1．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Digitalisation，且在从句中作主语，应用which引导。 2．考查名词复数。area为可数名词，其前有various修饰，应用名词复数形式。 3．考查介词。have a negative influence on/upon意为“对……有消极影响”，为固定搭配。 4．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主句的谓语是showed，空处为非谓语动词；lead与其逻辑主语the study之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。 5．考查连词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，“cut their social media use by 30 minutes a day”和“used this time for physical activity”之间是并列关系，应用and连接。 6．考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语修饰动词improve，应用副词形式，意为“显著地”。 7．考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的谓语；根据从句中的replaced并结合上下文时态可知，应用一般过去时。 8．考查形容词比较级。根据下文“more satisfied, less stressed and less depressed”可知，空处应用形容词比较级作表语。 9．考查非谓语动词。“it is+adj.+to do...”为固定句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。 10．考查形容词。空处修饰名词lives，应用形容词形式，意为“日常的”。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着数字化的发展，过多使用社交媒体对心理健康有负面影响，而研究表明减少使用社交媒体并将这些时间用于锻炼，可以显著改善心理健康。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $