内容正文:
UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
教材原文助读11
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读文清障 文本助解释疑
①system [ˈsɪstəm] n.体系;制度;系统
②be known for因……而著名
③civilisation [ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃən]n.文明
④all the way through into一直延续到
⑤despite [dɪˈspaɪt] prep.即使;尽管(相当于in spite of),其后跟名词(短语)、v.-ing,不接句子
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⑥ups and downs浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
⑦factor [ˈfæktə(r)] n.因素;要素
main factor 主要因素
⑧at the beginning 最初;起初
⑨based [beɪst] adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
base [beɪs] vt.以……为据点;以……为基础n.底部;根据
⑩date back (to...) 追溯到(相当于date from)
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⑪bone [bəʊn] n.骨头;骨(质)
⑫shell [ʃel] n.壳;壳状物
⑬symbol [ˈsɪmbl] n.符号;象征
⑭carve [kɑːv] vt.& vi.雕刻
⑮dynasty [ˈdɪnəsti;NAmEˈdaɪ-]n.王朝;朝代
⑯lead to 引起;导致
⑰variety [vəˈraɪəti] n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
⑱dialect [ˈdaɪəlekt] n.地方话;方言
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⑲character [ˈkærəktə(r)] n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点
⑳major [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] adj.主要的;重要的;大的
n.主修课程;主修学生vi.主修;专门研究
㉑be of great importance很重要(相当于be very important)
㉒no matter where不论哪里;不管哪里(相当于wherever)
㉓means [mi:nz] n.方式;方法;途径
㉔be connected with与……有联系;与……连接
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㉕classic [ˈklæsɪk] adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的n.经典作品;名著
㉖regard [rɪˈɡɑːd] n.尊重;关注 vt.把……视为;看待
㉗calligraphy [kəˈlɪɡrəfi] n.书法;书法艺术
㉘play a(n)...role/part in...在……方面起……的作用
㉙global [ˈɡləʊbl] adj.全球的;全世界的
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㉚affair [əˈfeə(r)] n.公共事务;事件;关系
㉛appreciate [əˈpri:ʃieɪt] vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值
㉜amazing adj.令人惊奇的
amazed adj.感到惊奇的
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THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM<m></m>:
CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
China is widely known for<m></m> its ancient civilisation<m></m> which has continued all the way through into<m></m> modern times, despite<m></m> the many ups and downs<m></m> in its history. There are many reasons [1]<uw>why this has been possible</uw>, but one of the main factors<m></m> has been the Chinese writing system.
[1]此处是why引导的定语从句,修饰reasons。
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At the beginning<m></m>,written Chinese was a picture-based<m></m> language. It dates back several thousand years to<m></m> the use of longgu—animal bones<m></m>and shells<m></m>[2]<uw>on which symbols<m></m> were carved<m></m> by ancient Chinese people</uw>. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.
[2]此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰animal bones and shells。
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[3]<uw>By the Shang Dynasty<m></m>(around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system.</uw>Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to<m></m> many varieties<m></m> of dialects<m></m> and characters<m></m>. This,however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BCE).
[3]“by+过去的时间”作时间状语时,主句应用过去完成时。
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Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major<m></m>states into one unified country [4]<uw>where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction</uw>. That writing system was of great importance<m></m> in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today,[5]<uw>no matter where<m></m> Chinese people live or what dialect they speak</uw>, they can all still communicate in writing.
[4]此处是where引导的定语从句,修饰one unified country;where可用in which代替。
[5]此处是no matter where 和no matter what 引导的让步状语从句。
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Written Chinese has also become an important means<m></m>[6]<uw>by which China's present is connected with<m></m> its past</uw>. People in modern times can read the classic<m></m> works[7]<uw>which were written by Chinese in ancient times</uw>. The high regard<m></m> for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy<m></m>, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
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[6]此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰an important means。
[7]此处是which引导的定语从句,修饰the classic works,在从句中作主语。
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Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in<m></m> global<m></m> affairs<m></m>, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate<m></m> China's culture and history through this amazing<m></m> language.
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汉字书写体系:
连接过去与现在
尽管历史跌宕起伏,但中国因其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。使这成为可能的原因有很多,但主要因素之一是汉字书写体系。
最初,书面汉语是一种以象形文字为基础的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——龙骨是指古代中国人在上面刻画符号的动物的骨头和外壳。一些古老的符号在今天的汉字中仍然可以看到。
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到商朝(约公元前1600年~公元前1046年)时,这些符号已经演变成一套完善的书写体系。多年以来,这一体系发展出了不同的形式,因为在那段时期人们因地域而分隔,这种分隔导致了各种不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。然而,这在秦朝(公元前221年~公元前207年)秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。
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秦始皇将七大诸侯国统一为一个国家,汉字书写体系开始朝着一个方向发展。这一书写体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。即使在今天,中国人不论在哪里生活,也不论说何种方言,他们仍然能够通过书写(文字)进行交流。
书面汉语也已成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要手段。现代中国人可以阅读古人撰写的经典作品。对汉字书写体系的高度重视可以从汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展过程中看出,这种被称为中国书法的艺术形式已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。
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今天,汉字书写体系仍然是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。
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