12-Unit 4 教材原文助读9-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册教用课件(人教版)

UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 教材原文助读9 1 读文清障 文本助解释疑 ①countryside n.农村 ②crack ［kræk］ n.裂纹；裂缝vi.& vt.（使）破裂 ③at （the） least至少 at （the） most至多，不超过 ④too...to...太……而不能…… ⑤run out of从……跑出来；用光 2 ⑥as usual像往常一样 than usual...比往常…… ⑦as if似乎；好像；仿佛 ⑧come to an end结束 ⑨deadly adj.致命的；死一般的 ⑩cause damage造成损失/损害 cause/do damage to...对……造成损害 ⑪cut across横穿；贯穿；抄近路穿过 3 ⑫waterway n.水路；航道 ⑬less than少于 more than多于；不仅仅是；非常 ⑭in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 ruin ［ˈru:In］ n.& vt.破坏；毁坏 ⑮thousands of 成千上万的 hundreds of thousands of数十万的 ⑯be left without失去……；被遗弃 4 ⑰the number of...……的数量 ⑱badly adv.非常；严重地 ⑲survivor n.幸存者；生还者 ⑳nothing but只有，只，仅仅 ㉑percent ［pəˈsent］ n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 ㉒gone adj.不复存在的；一去不复返的 ㉓brick ［brIk］ n.砖； 砖块 ㉔blow away刮走；吹走 5 ㉕track n.轨道；跑道 keep track of了解；与……保持联系；跟上……的进展；掌握……的最新消息 ㉖metal ［ˈmetl］ n.金属 ㉗in shock震惊；吃惊 shock ［ʃɒk］ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊 ㉘electricity ［IˌlekˈtrIsəti］n.电；电能 ㉙dig out挖出 ㉚trap ［træp］ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱 6 ㉛bury ［ˈberi］ vt.埋葬；安葬 ㉜the dead死者；逝者（“the+adj.”可表示一类人） ㉝medical care医疗护理 ㉞breathe ［bri:ð ］ vi.& vt.呼吸 ㉟revive ［rIˈvaIv］ vt.& vi.复活；（使）苏醒 revival ［rɪˈvaɪvl］ n.振兴；复苏 7 ㊱on one's feet恢复健康；站立着 ㊲support n.支持 ㊳effort ［ˈefət］ n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 ㊴in times of在……时期 ㊵unify ［ˈju:nIfaI］ vi.& vt.统一；（使）成一体 ㊶wisdom ［ˈwIzdəm］ n.智慧；才智 ㊷stay positive 保持乐观 8 THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP Strange things were happening in the countryside<m></m> of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks<m></m><uw>that appeared in the well walls</uw>. At least<m></m> one well had some smelly gas <m></m><uw>coming out of it</uw>. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to<m></m> eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 9 Mice ran out of<m></m> the fields <m></m><uw>looking for places to hide</uw>， and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976， bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city's one million people were asleep as usual<m></m> that night. ［1］此处是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰cracks，that在从句中作主语。 ［2］此处是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。 ［3］此处是现在分词短语作伴随状语。 At 3：42 a.m.， everything began to shake. It seemed <m></m><uw>as if<m></m> the world were coming to an end</uw><m></m>! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly<m></m> earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage<m></m> more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across<m></m> houses, roads, and waterways<m></m>. 11 Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than<m></m> one minute, a large city lay in ruins<m></m>. Two thirds of the people <m></m><uw>who lived there</uw> were dead or injured. Thousands of<m></m> children were left without<m></m> parents. The number of<m></m> people who were killed or badly<m></m> injured in the quake was more than 400,000. ［4］此处是as if引导的表语从句，从句中be动词用were表示虚拟语气。 ［5］此处who lived there是由关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰people，who在从句中作主语。 <m></m><uw>Everywhere survivors<m></m> looked</uw>， there was nothing but<m></m> ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent<m></m> of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone<m></m>. Bricks<m></m> covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away<m></m>. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks<m></m> were now useless pieces of metal<m></m>. 13 Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock<m></m>—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity<m></m> were hard to get. People began to wonder <m></m><uw>how long the disaster would last</uw>. ［6］此处everywhere用作从属连词，引导地点状语从句。 ［7］此处是how long引导的宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。单个的how引导宾语从句时，表示方式；由how结合形容词或副词引导宾语从句时，how表示程度。 But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out<m></m> those who were trapped<m></m> and to bury<m></m> the dead<m></m>. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care<m></m>. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe<m></m> again. 15 Tangshan started to revive<m></m> itself and get back up on its feet<m></m>. With strong support<m></m> from the government and the tireless efforts<m></m> of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of<m></m> disaster, people must unify<m></m> and show the wisdom<m></m> to stay positive<m></m> and rebuild for a brighter future. 16 地球的未眠之夜 河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都因为太紧张而吃不下东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，并伴有巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的一百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。 17 凌晨3点42分，所有东西都开始摇晃。看起来仿佛世界末日就要到了！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重的地震之一发生了，这场地震甚至对150多千米外的北京也造成了破坏。全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条8 000米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和航道。坚硬的岩石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座巨大的城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤。成千上万的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 18 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。城市里的一切几乎都被摧毁了。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都荡然无存。砖块就像红色的秋叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了。铁轨变成了没有用的金属块。数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊恐万分——接着，在那天下午的晚些时候，又一次强烈的地震撼动了唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了。水、食物和电很难获得。人们开始想知道这场灾难还会持续多久。 19 但是希望尚存。地震发生后不久，军队派出了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。上万名医生和护士赶来提供医疗护理。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者建造避难所。数十万的人获得了帮助。火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了饮用水和食物。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 唐山开始自我复苏并获得了新生。在政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在废墟中建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山市已经向中国和世界证明，在灾难时期，人们必须团结一致，展现保持乐观和重建更加光明的未来的智慧。 20 $