专题02 词汇填空 （上海专用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题02 选词填空 编者按：2026年上海十六区高三一模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2026年静安区一模） A.shifting B.set C.slide D.apply E.fixes F.interplay G.sensitivity H.disrupted I.signals J.decline K.modeled Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight,melatonin(褪黑素)or a hit of exercise, to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine,and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick 11 , these tips help our bodies 12 back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body,controlled by a ‘master clock' in the brain. Now,a team of US researchers modeling those circadian rhythms(昼夜节律)has landed on what they say is the fastest way to shake off jet lag and reset your body clock-a strategy that could 13 to sleepy shift workers too. 　"Having a larger meal in the early morning of the new time zone can help overcome jet lag," says applied mathematician Yitong Huang of Northwestern University in Ilinois, who led the modeling study.“Constantly 14 meal schedules or having a meal at night is discouraged, as it can lead to a mismatch between circadian rhythms.” 　The findings not only echo earlier studies on meal timing,but also extend our understanding of why circadian rhythms 15 with age.Huang and colleagues 16 internal clocks using a suite of mathematical equations,a rough approximation of the human body at best,so they could analyze multiple biological clocks and cues at once,including light exposure and food intake. 　Of particular interest to the researchers were the effects of aging on circadian rhythms.Older folks generally take longer to recover from　jet lag,which might be because their circadian rhythms are more easily 17 or take longer to regroup.Huang and colleagues'　findings reaffirm what has been suggested before from animal studies,about the way circadian rhythms tire with age. 　Weaker 18 from the aging brain's suprachiasmatic nueleus (视交叉上核) led to the body's secondary clocks becoming disorganized,and those clocks took longer to recover from a 6-hour time shift similar to long-distance travel.Reduced 19 to light had a similar effect. 　　　As for food,the teams'　modeling suggests a large,single meal in the early morning for three days can help realign our body clocks after jet lag. "These results highlight the importance of secondary clocks in regulating the circadian rhythms and provide fresh insights into the complex 20 between aging and the resilience of the circadian system,”Huang and colleagues write. （二） （2026年虹口区一模） A.delicate B.notable C.orbits D.outshines E.phase F.row G.seasonal H.shifts I.sight J.successively K.sustainably A Rare Season of Supermoons This fall,something special will appear in the night sky:every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual.This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a 11 . A supermoon happens when the moon's full 12 occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth. This fall, something special will appear in the night sky: every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual. This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a __11____. A supermoon happens when the moon's full ____12____occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth. On October 6, November 5, and December 4, skywatchers will see the “harvest,” "beaver," and “cold” moons all rise as supermoons. This three-month stretch is unusual and offers a beautiful ____13_____for anyone who loves observing the night sky. What Makes a Moon “Super”? The moon does not follow a perfect circular route. Instead, it ___14_______ Earth in an oval (椭圆的) path. As a result, there are times each month when the moon is slightly closer to Earth, called perigee, and times when it is farther away, called apogee. At perigee, the moon is about 356,000 kilometers from Earth, while at apogee it can be more than 406,000 kilometers away. When a full moon happens at perigee, we see a supermoon. It throws a brilliance that ___15_____ an average full moon and fills the sky with quiet wonder. In fact, a supermoon can look up to 14 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter than the smallest full moon of the year. To the naked eye, the change may be ____16_____, but photographs show a clear and impressive difference. Why There Will Be Three in Succession Contrary to what their name might suggest, supermoons occur with ___17_____ frequency, often appearing multiple times within a single year. However, having three back-to-back ones is uncommon. This happens because the timing of the moon's perigee slowly ____18_______compared with its full moon, completing a cycle about every fourteen months. In 2025, that timing will line up perfectly to produce three supermoons. ______19_____The pattern will even continue into early 2026, with another supermoon expected on January 3. The Meaning of the Moon Names Many traditional moon names come from ___20______ life and cultural customs. The "harvest moon” in October, for example, was named because its bright light helped farmers work late into the night during the final harvest season before winter. （三） （2026年嘉定区一模） A.analysing B. broader C.consistently D.extends E. launch F.mature G.narrowing H. powered l.shifts J. simply k.warned Talking Like a Machine? Since its late 2022 launch, ChatGPT rapidly gained 100 million users, significantly impacting learning, writing, and work. Researchers now find its influence    11    to unconscious speech patterns, secretly altering spoken language, with words frequently used by the AI becoming more common in everyday conversation. Hiromu Yakura, professor at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, first noticed personal vocabulary    12   , like increased use of “delve” instead of “look for” and “meticulous” rather than “careful”. In his recent study, he pushed investigation into    13    spoken communication. Researchers had previously found that the use of large language models (LLMs), such as those that have    14    ChatGPT, was changing vocabulary choices in written communication, and Yakura and his colleagues wanted to know whether spoken communication was being affected, too. The researchers first used ChatGPT to edit massive numbers of emails, essays, and articles using prompts (指令语) like “polish” or “improve clarity”. They identified words the AI    15    added and labelled them “GPT words”. The team then tracked GPT word frequency by    16    over 360,000 YouTube videos and 771,000 podcast programs from before and after ChatGPT’s release. Results showed a significant increase in GPT words within 18 months after the    17    of ChatGPT. These words affect not just written content but also real - time conversation. “The patterns that are stored in AI technology seem to be conveyed back to the human mind,” said study co - author Levin Brinkmann, also at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development. While adopting AI speech patterns might seem harmless, Brinkmann    18    of deeper risks. Humans naturally imitate languages that sound knowledgeable. As more people view AI as a cultural authority, they may rely on and imitate it,    19    diversity in language. “In this critical moment in the evolution of LLMs, looking at word distribution is the right method to understand how the technology is affecting the way we communicate,” Brinkmann says. “As the models    20   , these distributions are going to be harder to distinguish.” （四） （2025年徐汇区一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. typically B. inevitable C. transmission D. circulating E. identified F. symptoms G. hospitable H. landscape I. unusually J. emerged K. signals The emergence of the deadly Usutu virus in the UK, which is devastating blackbird populations, serves as a stark warning that mosquito-borne diseases are gaining a foothold in the country, a trend significantly driven by a warming climate. This development not only threatens wildlife but also ____11____ a growing potential risk to human health. Originating in South Africa in 1959, the Usutu virus has become widespread across Europe and was first ____12____ in the UK in 2020. Its impact has been severe, with blackbird numbers in hotspots like London dropping by over 40% since 2018. As ornithologist (鸟类学家) Hugh Hanmer notes, this dramatic decline was directly correlated with the virus’s arrival. While Usutu itself poses a relatively low risk to people —____13____ causing only mild, flu-like symptoms—its establishment in the UK is a significant milestone. It marks the first time a mosquito-borne virus capable of jumping from animals to humans has ____14____ within the country’s local animal populations. This makes it a crucial case study for virologists (病毒学家), providing a template for how other, more dangerous viruses might spread. The primary concern is West Nile virus, a close relative of Usutu. Both viruses share the same ____15____ method, environmental requirements, and hosts. The same mosquito species that carry Usutu can transmit West Nile, and the same birds act as reservoirs for both. This parallel is alarming because West Nile is far more dangerous to humans. While only about 20% of infected people show ____16____, these can include severe fever, headache, and vomiting, and in rare cases, the infection can be fatal. There is no human vaccine. Climate change is the key accelerator in this story. Warmer summer temperatures have facilitated the northward spread of West Nile through Europe. The Netherlands offers a worrying precedent: Usutu was detected there in 2016, and West Nile virus followed just four years later. UK officials fear a similar pattern, as studies confirm the nation’s climate is becoming increasingly ____17____ to these viruses. In response, the UK’s Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) launched a tracking program in 2023 to monitor Usutu and other viruses in wild birds. This surveillance (监视) infrastructure is vital, aiming to detect viruses ____18____ in animals before they spill over into the human population. Experts like Reina Sikkema in Rotterdam believe a UK detection of West Nile is now almost ____19____. While cooler climates may currently keep it in check, rising temperatures, particularly warmer nights, could create the perfect conditions for it to flare up in the coming years, changing the public health ____20____ of northern Europe. （五） （2025年松江区一模） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. fuel B. included C. intensified D. invisibility E. isolated F. means G. practically H. risk I. seemingly J. striking K. updates Does Group Chat Make You Feel Bad? I’m in a meeting when my phone starts to flash with notices and messages constantly stream in. While the meeting is important, I’m distracted and eager to pick up the phone. Is it a new job announcement from a friend? Has something terrible happened? My anxiety is ____11____ as new messages mount, and I’m praying this meeting ends sooner. This is a typical emotional change of being a modern group chat member, and I’m not alone. Starting as a new ____12____ for long-distance connection with multiple friends, group chats have become the common way we stay in touch. According to a recent research project, an average adult in Britain is part of 83 group chats — a(n) ____13____ situation highlighting how over connected people are. But why exactly do they cause such negative emotions? “When I see tons of messages coming through, I get stressed that I may lose track of ____14____ if I don’t check them from time to time. Or I worry I’ve said something wrong,” says one interviewee, “Not joining in a group chat may in some way ____15____ our pressure, because then you’ll get loads to catch up on.” There’s a lack of real connection too. “Group chats can make us feel surrounded, yet still somehow on the outside,” says Abby Rawlinson, a psychologist, “If you know everyone’s chatting and you’re not part of the flow, it arouses the ache of ____16____ .” However the darker side of a group chat occurs when things go from lighthearted jokes to ____17____ harmless comments causing the wildfire of negativity. “FOMO [fear of missing out] in group chats is real,” says another interviewee, “If you’re added to a smaller group chat without a certain friend, that implies the friend has been ____18____ for a certain reason. No one in the new chat group intends to hurt others, but somehow, gossip about that friend later appears, indicating that leaving group chats equals the ____19____ of being talked about behind your back.” “The emotional politics of a group chat are the dynamics that shape how seen, ____20____ or valued we feel,” says Rawlinson, “Over time, these patterns start to mirror real-life social system and cause misunderstanding.” （六） （2025年黄浦区一模） Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. combining B. defenseless C. diversified D. efficiency E. mixed F. origins G. possibilities H. previously I. promising J. reasonably K. transformed What’s a Potato? A Nine-Million-Year-Old Tomato. As a foodstuff, the potato can be baked, boiled, fried and more. As a crop, it is among the world’s most important, with more than 350 million tons produced annually. Its ____11____ — it requires less land than rice — and its ability to grow in a variety of environments has made it essential to global food security. For all that, the plant’s ____12____ have remained unclear. According to a study published on July 24, 2025, potatoes may have arisen nine million years ago through the ____13____ of genetic (基因的) material from Etuberosum, a group of potato-like plants from South America, and wild tomato plants. According to the study, this hybridization event led to the birth of the potato plant’s unique feature, the tuber, an underground structure which, as humans eventually discovered, is eatable. But why do potatoes look like one plant but share relationship with another? The researchers found that the modern potato had a(n). ____14____ ancestry, which arose from a hybrid tomato and Etuberosum families eight million to nine million years ago and led to the start of tubers. This hybridization may have ____15____ potato species and enabled them to expand their range across cold regions. It was a very well-done study, indicating that the genes responsible for tuber formation were a combination of the genetic material from each evolutionary parent. Pingxian Zhang from the Chinese Academy for Agricultural Sciences expressed excitement at the ___16___ for future studies. Only a handful of potato species are planted, and improving on them has posed challenges: As a crop, they are typically spread through cloning, which limits their genetic variety and makes them more ____17____ to diseases. Engineering potatoes with genetic material from tomatoes could be a(n) ____18____ way forward, Dr. Zhang said. In the last few years, researchers have been able to analyze genomes at a much larger scale than before and infer ____19____ mysterious evolutionary connections. These studies have_____20_____ our understanding of what might have occurred in the past. （七） （2026年宝山区一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.supportive B. blamed C. ground D. economically E. continuing F. influenced G. positively H. rights I. roles J. shape K. sensed DR. ALAA MURABIT In October 1989, Alaa Murabit, the middle child of 11, was born in a Canadian home to an immigrant family from Libya in Africa. Her younger years were filled with fun and kindness. Her ____11____ parents treated her and her siblings with equality and fairness. Her father emphasized the importance of education and gender equality, which greatly ____12____ her views on social justice. Growing up with so many brothers and sisters, Alaa says that she attended “Diplomacy 101” at home. She learned to focus, negotiate and talk fast, or she wouldn’t get a chance to do anything. Most importantly, she learned that it was necessary to have a seat at the table to defend yourself. For example, if a lamp got broken, and you weren’t around to defend yourself, you might end up being ____13____ . An extremely gifted girl, Alaa graduated from high school at age 15. After that, the family moved to her parents’ hometown in Libya. The following year she began studying at the College of Medicine at AI Zawiya University in Libya, graduating in 2013. In the midst of her medical studies, civil war broke out in Libya in February 2011. It wasn’t until then, at age 21, that Murabit ____14____ a cultural shift as women were given a seat at the table. They were finally involved in decision-making and information-sharing to fight against the war taking place around them. But, as religious political leaders persuaded women to return to their previous ____15____ , many women disappeared from the range of influence. It was then that Murabit founded The Voice of Libyan Women, a national organization to ____16____ women’s rights. The organization works to improve political participation and empower women ____17____ . Additionally, she helps to promote security for all, creates strategies for establishing and maintaining peace and encourages faith-supported peace building. Following medical school, Murabit went on to receive a master’s degree from the London School of Economics while ____18____ to push for women’s rights. She talked in schools and homes and put up posters and signboards around the country promoting those ____19____ . She fights not only for women but also for the health of the world. Dr. Murabit’s leadership helped to ____20____the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, impacting billions of people for the better. （八） （2026年崇明区一模） A. aim B. apparent C. boosting D. campaign E. controversial F. misperception G. discourage H. manual I. decrease J. moving K. urging The Link Between Movement and Health How people exercise changes with each new trend but the idea that physical activity is key to good health is more than a passing fashion. What won’t change is that staying active benefits health in various ways —including lowering the risk for heart attacks, and ____11____ mental health. Loss of activity in our lives It wasn’t always so difficult to keep ____12____. People did it because they had to. As cars multiplied and electric appliances reduced the amount of ____13____ labor people had to do, “we got to a point where we weren’t so physically active,” said Dr. Bethany Barone Gibbs, a professor at West Virginia University in Morgantown. “It then became ____14____that maybe people who were more active were healthier.” Recommended exercise Studies showed even moderate-intensity activities could make a difference, leading to a 1995 U.S. surgeon general’s report ____15____ people to engage in 30 to 45 minutes of moderate activity each day, and for those who were already doing so, to push themselves harder. In 2007, the American College of Sports Medicine, along with the American Medical Association and the U.S. surgeon general, launched a(n) ____16____, calling for people to engage in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Current federal guidelines now reflect additional evidence suggesting people ____17____ for up to 300 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise, or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise. All movement counts Even small amounts of activity throughout the day can make a difference. More evidence suggests it’s not just how much people move but how much they sit that matters. The guidelines now ____18____ long periods of sitting behavior, finding a benefit with even five minutes of movement at least once an hour. “Get off the couch” and move “There is a(n) ____19____ that you need to be a sportsperson to get health benefits from exercise,” said Dr.Damon Swift, an exercise physiologist (生理学家) at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. “But really the benefits increase much earlier than that. Once you start getting off the couch, there is a large ____20____ in risk as you go from being inactive to somewhat active.” （九） （2026年杨浦区一模） A. challenged B. shapes C. raising D. projections E. separated F. core G. autonomous H. building I. imperfect J. perceived K. clarity Do I Need to Parent My Only Child in a Different Way? Q: I have an only child, and people often comment about them being at risk of becoming spoiled, selfish, or unable to socialize. Now I’m worrying about how I can make sure I am raising my child in the right way. A: Firstly, I want to say I am deeply sorry that anyone would make such comments. These ideas about “who” your child may be are ____11____ of that person’s anxieties and discomfort, and are sadly ignorant. British concerns about only children’s social development emerged in 1850, linking their ____12____ spoiling to insufficient peer interaction and extremely high adult contact throughout the 19th-20th centuries. Recent research has ____13____ these assumptions and shown there are no significant differences between children who have siblings (兄弟姐妹) and those who don’t. In fact, some studies report that only children may be more confident, emotionally strong, and have a better quality of life. But these findings cannot be ____14____ from the context of most of this research taking place within middle-class families. What we can say with ____15____ is that only children are much more like other children (who have siblings) than they are different. The truth is, it’s not the number of siblings a child has that ____16____ them into the adult they become. Their relationship with their parents actually has the greatest influence on their development. So, if you want to raise your child well, keep focusing on the relationship you are ____17____ with them, and get curious about who they are and what they are trying to communicate and express. Learn to accept your mistakes as a parent and offer your child repair when you get things wrong. Parenting is messy, and ____18____ your child right is going to look different for everyone, but at the____19____ of everything you do is love for your child. Love, however, is ____20____ , so let go of the pressure to get it “right” or to parent your child differently because they don’t have siblings and, instead, enjoy the parenting journey with them. （十） （2026年浦东新区一模） A. activated B. combined C. drives D. informed E. overrides F. previously G. readily H. stimulating I. survival J. underlying K. unfamiliar The six human hungers At the heart of food psychology lies a powerful question: Why do we eat what we eat? This question has led to a discovery ____11____ my entire conceptual framework of health and eating: the six human hungers. In observing behaviors and common struggles around food, I noticed most eating decisions weren’t purely based on physical hunger. Instead, they often arose from a complex combination of psychological, biological and emotional ____12____ that didn’t always reflect the body’s actual needs. This realization revealed a critical insight: What we often think of as “hunger” can actually be ____13____ by any of six distinct motivations: from nutritional needs to emotional needs, which has the power to influence when, what and how much we eat. Understanding which of these hungers is at play allows you to reclaim control over your eating choices so you can make intentional and ____14____ decisions rather than simply responding to impulses (冲动). These hungers determine our eating patterns, and their influence only intensifies when several of them are triggered at once. When three or more happen at the same time, the extreme hunger is nearly impossible to resist because it engages an ancient ____15____ instinct: as hunger grows, so does our urgency and adaptability in choosing foods. Prolonged hunger might have driven our ancestors to hunt more dangerous game or to experiment with ____16____ plants — a strategy that, while risky, was sometimes safer than facing starvation. This instinct to eat what was available may have saved lives in times of food shortage, but in today’s world of sufficient, ____17____ accessible food, it often works against us. This is a key reason why so many diets fail. Although they’re often poorly nourished (滋养), people attempt to adopt restrictive diets. Before long, intensified hunger ____18____ self-discipline, pushing them to make poor food choices. Feelings of guilt or shame may follow, ironically (讽刺地) ____19____ even more consumption and creating a cycle of overeating and self-blame. Generally speaking, each of the six hungers can affect us independently, but when multiple types of hunger are active, their ____20____ force can overcome even the strongest willpower. Next, we’ll look at the six human hungers as well as how to respond to each effectively, a new approach to navigating your relationship with food. （十一） （2026年金山区一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. abstract B. bonding C. conflict D. constructively E. deepen F. massively G. mean H. pretending I. redefine J. shame K. tempting In Defense of Gossip Culturally, gossip has a poor reputation. It is often seen as a female activity or simply as talking badly about others. However, the social and emotional functions of gossip are ____13____ overlooked. Gossip allows us to make sense of ____14____ thought: When we gossip about people productively, we are analyzing their behavioral patterns, which includes contextualizing their actions with their motives and influences. Hence, good-faith gossip can ____15____understanding and empathy (共鸣), better equipping individuals to find the right way to resolve referenced conflicts. On another level, we are ____16____ with people we gossip with. Sharing worries or frustrations with trusted friends builds closeness. It lets us be honest instead of ____17____ to always be patient. It shows we trust our friends not to use our words against others. Of course, gossip can sometimes become ____18____. It can spread false information or ____19____ people. Private information can be shared without permission, causing hurt. But these problems come from how gossip is used, not from gossip itself. We can’t simply say gossip is morally wrong. What matters is whether it is used to understand and help, not to harm. When there are an intention and an effort to gossip ____20____ rather than destructively, we use gossip as a social and emotional tool that gives us a space to process, empathize, connect, and relax. Every day, we can decide to be kinder individuals and to fulfill the obligations (责任) as sensible beings. We cannot entirely stay away from gossip because of its bad reputation. Instead, we must ____21____ it. “Quitting” gossip is not as productive as thinking of it as a nonjudgmental method of social observation and _____22_____ resolution. After all, gossip isn’t only about what we say about others: It’s about how we choose to understand them. （十二） （2026年奉贤区一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. resolved C. pride D. cautious E. sustained F. assigned G. stretch H. functioning I. unseasonably J. aggressive K. anchoring Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been ____11____ to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took ____12____ in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his ____13____ approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was ____14____ warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two ____15____: He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final ____16____ of the voyage. McSorley had initially ____17____ to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically ____18____ decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have ____19____ some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped. ______20______, and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. （十三） （2026年长宁区一模） A. accurate B. artificial C. captured D. corresponding E. decoding F. dreamscape G. impact H. perspective I. previously J. repeatedly K. scanned Dream catchers Do androids (人形机器人), as science fiction novelist Philip K. Dick asked, really dream of electric sheep? The purpose and meaning of dreams have long been debated. Now scientists are getting closer to ____11____ what humans see as they sleep — and how a robot can reproduce it. In 2013, a neuroscientist who specializes in the nervous system and its ____12____ on behaviour. conducted an experiment with some test subjects. He had them take hundreds of brief naps in an MRI machine, ____13____ waking them so they could describe their dreams. He had already isolated the unique brain patterns for certain objects he’d shown subjects while awake. Their brains were ____14____ for those patterns as they napped, and a computer program automatically turned the basic contents of their dreams into short videos. The study found these were 70 percent ____15____ compared with what subjects remembered of their real dreams. Two years later Google engineers also ____16____ the dreamlike images of a computer. They fed millions of images into a brain-inspired computer program — a network of ____17____ nerve cells — to study how it learned to identify objects. Then they put it through Deep Dream, a program that enables the network to build its own program-fueled ____18____ by finding shapes in an image of random visual noise, like the disturbing noisy images you see on an old TV. The computer generated a fantastical scene from its machine-learned knowledge. As in a dream, ____19____ seen images were rearranged into new patterns. It won’t be possible to produce a precise recording of human dreams until scientists discover how dreams originate in the brain, says Jack Gallant, a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley — or they build a databank of brain activity ____20____ to every thought. He compares it to building a language translation program:”You have a language but nothing it refers to. “ （十四） （2026年普陀区一模） A. addictive B. approaches C. cataloging D. dominated E. encounters F. expanding G. identified H. obstacles I. prospective J. reference K. targets Apps That Bring Art to Life At the Betty Cuningham gallery on the Lower East Side recently, I noticed an arresting painting: a woman asleep by a window with the Empire State Building in view, and a floating fish above her. Fascinated, I opened a smartphone app called Magnus, and within seconds, it ____11____ the piece as Philip Pearlstein’s Model With Empire State Building (1992), priced at $300,000. The app also provided its sales history and saved the details for future ____12____. Magnus is part of a wave of smartphone apps trying to recognize the physical world as a way of providing instant information about songs or clothes or plants or paintings. While Shazam has ____13____ with over a billion downloads, apps like Magnus and Smartify appeal to art enthusiasts by demystifying the art world. Magnus has built a database of more than 10 million images of art, and aims to help ____14____ art buyers navigate art galleries and fairs with little information. Smartify, on the other hand, ____15____ museumgoers, cooperating with institutions to provide educational content and accessibility features like audio guides for users with visual problems. Similarly, Google Lens is ____16____ into art, partnering with museums like San Francisco’s de Young Museum and platforms like Wescover to identify public and local art. However, building a “Shazam for art” faces unique challenges. Unlike music, ____17____ individual artworks is complicated by its sheer volume, copyright issues, and the limitations of image recognition technology, particularly with 3D objects. Despite these ____18____, apps like Magnus bring clarity to a commonly secretive market, helping users navigate galleries and even negotiate prices. After a few weeks of trying out apps-for-art in museums and galleries, I found that they did not increase the quality of my visual ____19____. The app shouldn’t be our sole guide through the visual world. Walking around the New Museum with the Magnus app, I found myself breezing past paintings, not looking too hard at details because the camera was looking for me, and the app knew much more than I did. There was that little ____20____, satisfying click of recognition. It was hard to stop. （十五） （2026年青浦区一模） A. architectural B. tiredness C. concentrated D. raised E. appetite F. reportedly G. resulted H. Blessed I. precisely J. engagement K. diverse To Stand out Again, Ancient Towns Must Readapt Featuring bridges over flowing streams and antique-looking architecture, ancient towns and cities have been cultural tourist hot spots nationwide. However, a recent news report about Dayong Ancient City in Central China’s Hunan Province has ____11____doubts about whether such ancient towns still hold appeal. ____12____ with the unmatched advantage of being in the famous Chinese tourism city Zhangjiajie, the Dayong site has visitors few and far between and has____13____ accumulated over 1 billion yuan ($140 million) in losses during its four-year trial operation. Its shocking drop has not just exposed the site’s failure, but also serves as a sharp reminder to the ancient town tourism industry: Travelers are losing their____14____for ancient town attractions amid the abundant choices available. Rooted in the country’s ____15____ regional cultures, China’s rich ancient town resources actually present a good starting point for the sector’s tourism growth. According to a report released by the China Tourism Academy, as of 2024, China’s ancient towns were largely____16____ in six provinces including Sichuan, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, gathering more than half of the ancient town tourism sites of the country. However, in order to quickly “jump into the pool,” like what Zhang Jianchi, the director of Zhangjiajie Tourism Group who manages the Dayong Ancient City, told media, many ancient towns have all starting to carry out artificial redesigns. It is____17____such common designs that have made many ancient towns look similar when it comes to not only their____18____style or commercial layout, but even the experiences they offer. “Roasted sausages and squid (鱿鱼) , they all sell pretty much the same things. Looking through my photos, I can’t even tell which one I’ve visited,” Yao Yinghong, a 53-year-old visitor, told the Global Times. Yao’s experience actually reveals how the similarity of ancient towns has caused visual____19____ in visitors. Today, travelers have shifted from mere “check-ins” to an “experience-first” mindset, valuing absorbing____20____ over photos. They no longer visit just to “take memories home” but to “create stories worth telling.” This change in demand signals a crucial lesson for ancient towns’ future development: Finding more creative ways to tell the story of local narratives. （十六） （2026年闵行区一模） A. distress B. pin C. scare D. coexisting E. unfold F. channelling G. single H. familiarity I. barely J. restorative K. unlikely The Healing Power of Caring for a Pigeon (鸽子) Like many people, I have always considered pigeons to be annoying and dirty virus-carriers. These birds, often said to ____11____ off smaller, prettier species, had never interested me until Brian Buckbee’s memoir We Should All Be Birds changed my perception. One evening in 2020, Buckbee spotted a pigeon on a walk near his home in Missoula, MT. It was standing on one leg and staring right at him. “He had the funniest look in his eye, one of ____12____, as if we had known each other for a long, long time.” This description showcases one of Buckbee’s remarkable skills: ____13____ a sense of personality into birds. As it turned out, the pigeon’s bent leg was injured, leaving it ____14____ able to fly and near starvation, so Buckbee brought it home, where he was no longer alone for the first time since the health crisis began, and he named the bird Two-Step. Like the bird, Buckbee was in ____15____. He was once an ocean-swimming world traveller, but for the past few years, he had struggled with a disease that has no known cause, no clear cure. His memoir is about his ____16____ friendship with Two-Step, and with a dozen or so other sick pigeons that he later takes in. It is about more than ____17____ with wild creatures. It’s also about sorrow, loss, pain, loneliness, and the ____18____ power of love. It’s a striking illustration of how caring for another living creature — even a wild bird — can give life meaning. We Should All Be Birds takes place between May 2020 and January 2023, but Buckbee moves around in time to ____19____ the backstory — his relationship with a woman, his trips to Southeast Asia that might have caused the illness, and his memories of his mother. It joins a growing collection of books by writers who have bonded with birds and other animals. However, Buckbee’s humour, warm tone and delicate physical condition ____20____ this book out from the rest. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 选词填空 编者按：2026年上海十六区高三一模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2026年静安区一模） A.shifting B.set C.slide D.apply E.fixes F.interplay G.sensitivity H.disrupted I.signals J.decline K.modeled Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight,melatonin(褪黑素)or a hit of exercise, to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine,and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick 11 , these tips help our bodies 12 back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body,controlled by a ‘master clock' in the brain. Now,a team of US researchers modeling those circadian rhythms(昼夜节律)has landed on what they say is the fastest way to shake off jet lag and reset your body clock-a strategy that could 13 to sleepy shift workers too. 　"Having a larger meal in the early morning of the new time zone can help overcome jet lag," says applied mathematician Yitong Huang of Northwestern University in Ilinois, who led the modeling study.“Constantly 14 meal schedules or having a meal at night is discouraged, as it can lead to a mismatch between circadian rhythms.” 　The findings not only echo earlier studies on meal timing,but also extend our understanding of why circadian rhythms 15 with age.Huang and colleagues 16 internal clocks using a suite of mathematical equations,a rough approximation of the human body at best,so they could analyze multiple biological clocks and cues at once,including light exposure and food intake. 　Of particular interest to the researchers were the effects of aging on circadian rhythms.Older folks generally take longer to recover from　jet lag,which might be because their circadian rhythms are more easily 17 or take longer to regroup.Huang and colleagues'　findings reaffirm what has been suggested before from animal studies,about the way circadian rhythms tire with age. 　Weaker 18 from the aging brain's suprachiasmatic nueleus (视交叉上核) led to the body's secondary clocks becoming disorganized,and those clocks took longer to recover from a 6-hour time shift similar to long-distance travel.Reduced 19 to light had a similar effect. 　　　As for food,the teams'　modeling suggests a large,single meal in the early morning for three days can help realign our body clocks after jet lag. "These results highlight the importance of secondary clocks in regulating the circadian rhythms and provide fresh insights into the complex 20 between aging and the resilience of the circadian system,”Huang and colleagues write. 【答案】 11. E. fixes 12. B. set 13. D. apply 14. A. shifting 15. J. decline 16. K. modeled 17. H. disrupted 18. I. signals 19. G. sensitivity 20. F. interplay 【导语】本文探讨了应对时差反应的方法，美国研究团队通过模拟人体昼夜节律，发现新时区清晨吃一顿大餐是调整生物钟的最快方式，同时揭示了年龄对昼夜节律的影响及相关机制。 【11 题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然没有保证快速见效的解决办法，但这些技巧能帮助我们的身体重新调整到通常的内部生物钟 —— 这种生物钟贯穿身体每个器官，由大脑中的 “主时钟” 控制。此处需要名词作宾语，“fixes”（解决办法、对策）符合语境，指应对时差的快速解决方案，故填 “E”。 【12 题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然没有保证快速见效的解决办法，但这些技巧能帮助我们的身体重新调整到通常的内部生物钟。固定搭配 “set back into” 表示 “重新调整到…… 状态”，结合语境 “让身体回归正常生物钟”，故填 “B”。 【13 题详解】 考查动词。句意：现在，一组模拟这些昼夜节律的美国研究人员得出结论，他们称这是摆脱时差、重置生物钟的最快方法 —— 这种策略也可能适用于困倦的轮班工人。固定搭配 “apply to” 表示 “适用于”，此处指该方法对轮班工人同样有效，故填 “D”。 【14 题详解】 考查动词（现在分词）。句意：不建议频繁改变用餐时间或在夜间进食，因为这会导致昼夜节律失调。此处需用现在分词作定语修饰 “meal schedules”，“shifting”（改变、调整）符合语境，指用餐时间的变动，故填 “A”。 【15 题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些发现不仅呼应了早期关于用餐时间的研究，还拓展了我们对昼夜节律为何随年龄衰退的理解。此处需要动词作谓语，“decline”（衰退、下降）符合语境，指年龄增长导致昼夜节律功能减弱，故填 “J”。 【16 题详解】 考查动词（过去式）。句意：黄和同事们利用一套数学方程模拟了内部时钟，这充其量只是人体的粗略近似，因此他们可以同时分析多个生物钟和线索，包括光照和食物摄入。此处需要动词作谓语，结合语境 “通过数学方程模拟生物钟”，“modeled”（模拟）符合要求，故填 “K”。 【17 题详解】 考查动词（过去分词）。句意：老年人通常需要更长时间从时差中恢复，这可能是因为他们的昼夜节律更容易被打乱，或者需要更长时间重新调整。此处为被动语态，“disrupted”（被打乱、被破坏）符合语境，指老年人的昼夜节律易受影响，故填 “H”。 【18 题详解】 考查名词。句意：衰老大脑视交叉上核发出的信号减弱，导致身体的次级时钟变得混乱，这些时钟从类似长途旅行的 6 小时时差中恢复需要更长时间。此处需要名词作主语，“signals”（信号）符合语境，指大脑发出的调节节律的信号，故填 “I”。 【19 题详解】 考查名词。句意：对光的敏感度降低也有类似的效果。固定搭配 “sensitivity to” 表示 “对…… 的敏感度”，“reduced sensitivity to light” 指 “对光的敏感度下降”，故填 “G”。 【20 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些结果强调了次级时钟在调节昼夜节律中的重要性，并为理解衰老与昼夜节律系统韧性之间的复杂相互作用提供了新的见解。此处需要名词作宾语，“interplay”（相互作用、相互影响）符合语境，指衰老与节律系统韧性的复杂关系，故填 “F”。 （二） （2026年虹口区一模） A.delicate B.notable C.orbits D.outshines E.phase F.row G.seasonal H.shifts I.sight J.successively K.sustainably A Rare Season of Supermoons This fall,something special will appear in the night sky:every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual.This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a 11 . A supermoon happens when the moon's full 12 occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth. This fall, something special will appear in the night sky: every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual. This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a __11____. A supermoon happens when the moon's full ____12____occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth. On October 6, November 5, and December 4, skywatchers will see the “harvest,” "beaver," and “cold” moons all rise as supermoons. This three-month stretch is unusual and offers a beautiful ____13_____for anyone who loves observing the night sky. What Makes a Moon “Super”? The moon does not follow a perfect circular route. Instead, it ___14_______ Earth in an oval (椭圆的) path. As a result, there are times each month when the moon is slightly closer to Earth, called perigee, and times when it is farther away, called apogee. At perigee, the moon is about 356,000 kilometers from Earth, while at apogee it can be more than 406,000 kilometers away. When a full moon happens at perigee, we see a supermoon. It throws a brilliance that ___15_____ an average full moon and fills the sky with quiet wonder. In fact, a supermoon can look up to 14 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter than the smallest full moon of the year. To the naked eye, the change may be ____16_____, but photographs show a clear and impressive difference. Why There Will Be Three in Succession Contrary to what their name might suggest, supermoons occur with ___17_____ frequency, often appearing multiple times within a single year. However, having three back-to-back ones is uncommon. This happens because the timing of the moon's perigee slowly ____18_______compared with its full moon, completing a cycle about every fourteen months. In 2025, that timing will line up perfectly to produce three supermoons. ______19_____The pattern will even continue into early 2026, with another supermoon expected on January 3. The Meaning of the Moon Names Many traditional moon names come from ___20______ life and cultural customs. The "harvest moon” in October, for example, was named because its bright light helped farmers work late into the night during the final harvest season before winter. 【答案】 11. F (row) 12. E (phase) 13. I (sight) 14. C (orbits) 15. D (outshines) 16. A (delicate) 17. G (seasonal) 18. H (shifts) 19. J (successively) 20. B (notable) 【导语】本文介绍了 2025 年秋季将出现的罕见连续超级月亮现象，解释了超级月亮的形成原因、连续出现的机制，以及传统月亮名称的由来。 【11 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这是因为 2025 年的最后三个月将出现罕见的连续超级月亮。固定搭配 “in a row” 表示 “连续地”，此处指三个月内连续出现超级月亮，故填 “F”。 【12 题详解】 考查名词。句意：当月球的满月阶段出现在其轨道上离地球最近的点时，超级月亮就会出现。“full phase” 表示 “（月球的）满月阶段”，结合天文常识，超级月亮的形成与满月所处轨道位置相关，故填 “E”。 【13 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这三个月的时间跨度很不寻常，为所有热爱观测夜空的人提供了一道美丽的景象。此处需要名词作宾语，“sight”（景象、景观）符合语境，指超级月亮带来的视觉享受，故填 “I”。 【14 题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，它以椭圆形轨道绕地球运行。此处需要动词作谓语，“orbits”（绕…… 运行）符合天文事实，指月球的公转轨道，故填 “C”。 【15 题详解】 考查动词。句意：它散发的光芒比普通满月更耀眼，让天空充满宁静的奇观。此处需要动词作谓语，“outshines”（比…… 更亮、胜过）符合语境，呼应前文 “bigger and brighter”，故填 “D”。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：用肉眼看，这种变化可能很细微，但照片能显示出明显而令人印象深刻的差异。此处需要形容词作表语，“delicate”（细微的、微妙的）符合语境，指肉眼难以察觉的变化，故填 “A”。 【17 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：与它们的名字可能暗示的相反，超级月亮的出现具有季节性频率，通常在一年内出现多次。此处需要形容词修饰 “frequency”，“seasonal”（季节性的）符合语境，指超级月亮的出现存在季节相关的规律，故填 “G”。 【18 题详解】 考查动词。句意：这是因为月球近地点的时间与满月相比缓慢变化，大约每 14 个月完成一个周期。此处需要动词作谓语，“shifts”（变化、移动）符合语境，指近地点时间与满月时间的错位变化，故填 “H”。 【19 题详解】 考查副词。句意：2025 年，这个时间点将完美契合，产生三个超级月亮。这种情况会连续发生，甚至会持续到 2026 年初，预计 1 月 3 日还会有另一个超级月亮。此处需要副词修饰整个句子，“successively”（连续地、依次地）呼应前文 “three in succession”，故填 “J”。 【20 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多传统的月亮名称都来自显著的生活和文化习俗。此处需要形容词修饰 “life”，“notable”（显著的、值得注意的）符合语境，指那些影响月亮命名的重要生活场景和文化传统，故填 “B”。 （三） （2026年嘉定区一模） A.analysing B. broader C.consistently D.extends E. launch F.mature G.narrowing H. powered l.shifts J. simply k.warned Talking Like a Machine? Since its late 2022 launch, ChatGPT rapidly gained 100 million users, significantly impacting learning, writing, and work. Researchers now find its influence    11    to unconscious speech patterns, secretly altering spoken language, with words frequently used by the AI becoming more common in everyday conversation. Hiromu Yakura, professor at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, first noticed personal vocabulary    12   , like increased use of “delve” instead of “look for” and “meticulous” rather than “careful”. In his recent study, he pushed investigation into    13    spoken communication. Researchers had previously found that the use of large language models (LLMs), such as those that have    14    ChatGPT, was changing vocabulary choices in written communication, and Yakura and his colleagues wanted to know whether spoken communication was being affected, too. The researchers first used ChatGPT to edit massive numbers of emails, essays, and articles using prompts (指令语) like “polish” or “improve clarity”. They identified words the AI    15    added and labelled them “GPT words”. The team then tracked GPT word frequency by    16    over 360,000 YouTube videos and 771,000 podcast programs from before and after ChatGPT’s release. Results showed a significant increase in GPT words within 18 months after the    17    of ChatGPT. These words affect not just written content but also real - time conversation. “The patterns that are stored in AI technology seem to be conveyed back to the human mind,” said study co - author Levin Brinkmann, also at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development. While adopting AI speech patterns might seem harmless, Brinkmann    18    of deeper risks. Humans naturally imitate languages that sound knowledgeable. As more people view AI as a cultural authority, they may rely on and imitate it,    19    diversity in language. “In this critical moment in the evolution of LLMs, looking at word distribution is the right method to understand how the technology is affecting the way we communicate,” Brinkmann says. “As the models    20   , these distributions are going to be harder to distinguish.” 【答案】 11. D 12. I 13. B 14. H 15. C 16. A 17. E 18. K 19. G 20. F 【导语】本文探讨了 ChatGPT 自推出以来对人类语言的影响，研究发现其不仅改变书面语词汇选择，还悄悄影响口语模式，同时揭示了这种影响背后的潜在风险。 【11 题详解】 考查动词。句意：研究人员现在发现，它的影响延伸到了无意识的语言模式，悄悄改变口语，人工智能频繁使用的词汇在日常对话中变得越来越普遍。此处需要动词作谓语，“extends”（延伸、扩展）符合语境，指 ChatGPT 的影响从书面语扩展到口语，故填 “D”。 【12 题详解】 考查名词。句意：柏林马克斯・普朗克人类发展研究所的广木弘教授首先注意到个人词汇的变化，比如更多地使用 “delve” 而不是 “look for”，使用 “meticulous” 而不是 “careful”。此处需要名词作宾语，“shifts”（变化、转变）符合语境，指个人词汇选择的改变，故填 “I”。 【13 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：在他最近的研究中，他将调查扩展到了更广泛的口语交流。此处需要形容词修饰 “spoken communication”，结合前文 “personal vocabulary”，“broader”（更广泛的）表示调查范围的扩大，故填 “B”。 【14 题详解】 考查动词（过去分词）。句意：研究人员此前发现，大型语言模型（如驱动 ChatGPT 的模型）的使用正在改变书面交流中的词汇选择，而广木和他的同事们想知道口语交流是否也受到了影响。此处需要过去分词作定语修饰 “those（LLMs）”，“powered”（驱动、为…… 提供动力）符合语境，指支撑 ChatGPT 运行的语言模型，故填 “H”。 【15 题详解】 考查副词。句意：他们识别出人工智能持续添加的单词，并将其标记为 “GPT 词汇”。此处需要副词修饰动词 “added”，“consistently”（持续地、一贯地）符合语境，指 AI 频繁、稳定使用的词汇，故填 “C”。 【16 题详解】 考查动词（动名词）。句意：然后，研究小组通过分析 ChatGPT 发布前后的 36 万多个 YouTube 视频和 77.1 万多个播客节目，追踪了 GPT 词汇的使用频率。固定搭配 “by doing sth.” 表示 “通过做某事”，“analysing”（分析）符合语境，指研究采用的数据分析方法，故填 “A”。 【17 题详解】 考查名词。句意：结果显示，在 ChatGPT 推出后的 18 个月内，GPT 词汇的使用量显著增加。此处需要名词作宾语，“launch”（推出、发布）符合语境，指 ChatGPT 正式上线的时间节点，故填 “E”。 【18 题详解】 考查动词（过去式）。句意：虽然采用人工智能的语言模式看似无害，但布林克曼警告说存在更深层次的风险。此处需要动词作谓语，“warned”（警告、告诫）符合语境，引出后文对潜在风险的说明，故填 “K”。 【19 题详解】 考查动词（现在分词）。句意：随着越来越多的人将人工智能视为文化权威，他们可能会依赖并模仿它，从而缩小语言的多样性。此处需要现在分词作结果状语，“narrowing”（缩小、减少）符合语境，指模仿 AI 语言对语言多样性的负面影响，故填 “G”。 【20 题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着模型的成熟，这些分布将更难区分。此处需要动词作谓语，“mature”（成熟、完善）符合语境，指 LLMs 不断发展进步后对语言影响的变化，故填 “F”。 （四） （2025年徐汇区一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. typically B. inevitable C. transmission D. circulating E. identified F. symptoms G. hospitable H. landscape I. unusually J. emerged K. signals The emergence of the deadly Usutu virus in the UK, which is devastating blackbird populations, serves as a stark warning that mosquito-borne diseases are gaining a foothold in the country, a trend significantly driven by a warming climate. This development not only threatens wildlife but also ____11____ a growing potential risk to human health. Originating in South Africa in 1959, the Usutu virus has become widespread across Europe and was first ____12____ in the UK in 2020. Its impact has been severe, with blackbird numbers in hotspots like London dropping by over 40% since 2018. As ornithologist (鸟类学家) Hugh Hanmer notes, this dramatic decline was directly correlated with the virus’s arrival. While Usutu itself poses a relatively low risk to people —____13____ causing only mild, flu-like symptoms—its establishment in the UK is a significant milestone. It marks the first time a mosquito-borne virus capable of jumping from animals to humans has ____14____ within the country’s local animal populations. This makes it a crucial case study for virologists (病毒学家), providing a template for how other, more dangerous viruses might spread. The primary concern is West Nile virus, a close relative of Usutu. Both viruses share the same ____15____ method, environmental requirements, and hosts. The same mosquito species that carry Usutu can transmit West Nile, and the same birds act as reservoirs for both. This parallel is alarming because West Nile is far more dangerous to humans. While only about 20% of infected people show ____16____, these can include severe fever, headache, and vomiting, and in rare cases, the infection can be fatal. There is no human vaccine. Climate change is the key accelerator in this story. Warmer summer temperatures have facilitated the northward spread of West Nile through Europe. The Netherlands offers a worrying precedent: Usutu was detected there in 2016, and West Nile virus followed just four years later. UK officials fear a similar pattern, as studies confirm the nation’s climate is becoming increasingly ____17____ to these viruses. In response, the UK’s Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) launched a tracking program in 2023 to monitor Usutu and other viruses in wild birds. This surveillance (监视) infrastructure is vital, aiming to detect viruses ____18____ in animals before they spill over into the human population. Experts like Reina Sikkema in Rotterdam believe a UK detection of West Nile is now almost ____19____. While cooler climates may currently keep it in check, rising temperatures, particularly warmer nights, could create the perfect conditions for it to flare up in the coming years, changing the public health ____20____ of northern Europe. 【答案】11. K 12. E 13. A 14. J 15. C 16. F 17. G 18. D 19. B 20. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是致命乌苏图病毒在英国出现及其影响。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一事态发展不仅威胁到野生动物，还预示着人类健康面临的潜在风险日益增大。由下文“a growing potential risk to human health”可知，此处表示“预示着风险日益增大”，空格处意为“预示”，是signal，not only...but also...是固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，两部分句子时态一致，由threatens可知，时态是一般现在时，主语This development是不可数名词，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故选K。 【12题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：乌苏图病毒于1959年起源于南非，现已在欧洲广泛传播，并于2020年首次在英国被发现。由上文“first”和下文“in the UK in 2020”可知，此处表示“在在英国被发现”，空格处意为“发现”，是identify，病毒是被发现，句子用被动语态，空格处用过去分词。故选E。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：尽管乌苏图病毒对人类构成的相对风险较低——通常只会引发轻微的流感样症状，但它在英国的立足是一个重大里程碑。由“causing only mild, flu-like symptoms”可知，此处表示“它通常只会引发轻微的流感样症状”，空格处意为“通常”，是typically。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查时态。句意：这标志着首次有能够从动物传播给人类的蚊媒病毒在英国本土动物种群中出现。由下文“within the country’s local animal populations”可知，此处表示“在英国本土动物种群中出现”，空格处意为“出现”，是emerge，由has可知，时态是现在完成时，空格处用过去分词。故选J。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：两种病毒具有相同的传播方式、环境需求和宿主。由下文“environmental requirements, and hosts”可知，此处表示“两种病毒具有相同的传播方式”，空格处意为“传播”，是transmission，transmission method意为“传播方式”。故选C。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然只有约20%的感染者会出现症状，但这些症状可能包括严重发热、头痛和呕吐，在极少数情况下，感染可能是致命的。由下文“these can include severe fever, headache, and vomiting”可知，此处表示“约20%的感染者会出现症状”，空格处意为“症状”，是symptom，有很多，因此用复数，故选F。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：英国官员担心会出现类似模式，因为研究证实，英国的气候正变得越来越适宜这些病毒生存。由上文“UK officials fear a similar pattern”可知，此处表示“英国的气候正变得越来越适宜这些病毒生存”，空格处意为“环境适宜的”，是hospitable，故选G。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一监测基础设施至关重要，旨在在病毒从动物传播给人类之前，检测到在动物中传播的病毒。由上文“viruses”和下文“in animals”可知，此处表示“在动物中传播”，空格处意为“传播”，是circulate，句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，viruses和circulate之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，故选D。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：鹿特丹的专家Reina Sikkema认为，英国几乎必然会检测到西尼罗河病毒。由上文“a UK detection of West Nile”可知，此处表示“英国几乎必然会检测到西尼罗河病毒”，空格处意为“必然发生的”，是inevitable。故选B。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然目前较冷的气候可能抑制了它的传播，但气温上升，尤其是夜间气温升高，可能会在未来几年为其爆发创造完美条件，从而改变北欧的公共卫生格局。由上文“rising temperatures, particularly warmer nights, could create the perfect conditions for it to flare up in the coming years”可知，此处表示“改变北欧的公共卫生格局”，空格处意为“格局”，是landscape，由of northern Europe可知，空格处用单数，故选H。 （五） （2025年松江区一模） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. fuel B. included C. intensified D. invisibility E. isolated F. means G. practically H. risk I. seemingly J. striking K. updates Does Group Chat Make You Feel Bad? I’m in a meeting when my phone starts to flash with notices and messages constantly stream in. While the meeting is important, I’m distracted and eager to pick up the phone. Is it a new job announcement from a friend? Has something terrible happened? My anxiety is ____11____ as new messages mount, and I’m praying this meeting ends sooner. This is a typical emotional change of being a modern group chat member, and I’m not alone. Starting as a new ____12____ for long-distance connection with multiple friends, group chats have become the common way we stay in touch. According to a recent research project, an average adult in Britain is part of 83 group chats — a(n) ____13____ situation highlighting how over connected people are. But why exactly do they cause such negative emotions? “When I see tons of messages coming through, I get stressed that I may lose track of ____14____ if I don’t check them from time to time. Or I worry I’ve said something wrong,” says one interviewee, “Not joining in a group chat may in some way ____15____ our pressure, because then you’ll get loads to catch up on.” There’s a lack of real connection too. “Group chats can make us feel surrounded, yet still somehow on the outside,” says Abby Rawlinson, a psychologist, “If you know everyone’s chatting and you’re not part of the flow, it arouses the ache of ____16____ .” However the darker side of a group chat occurs when things go from lighthearted jokes to ____17____ harmless comments causing the wildfire of negativity. “FOMO [fear of missing out] in group chats is real,” says another interviewee, “If you’re added to a smaller group chat without a certain friend, that implies the friend has been ____18____ for a certain reason. No one in the new chat group intends to hurt others, but somehow, gossip about that friend later appears, indicating that leaving group chats equals the ____19____ of being talked about behind your back.” “The emotional politics of a group chat are the dynamics that shape how seen, ____20____ or valued we feel,” says Rawlinson, “Over time, these patterns start to mirror real-life social system and cause misunderstanding.” 【答案】11. C 12. F 13. J 14. K 15. A 16. D 17. I 18. E 19. H 20. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了群聊在现代社交中十分普遍，但也会给人们带来焦虑、压力等负面情绪，探讨了群聊引发负面感受的原因。 【11题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：随着新消息不断增加，我的焦虑加剧了，我祈祷会议早点结束。根据“My anxiety”、“new messages mount”及“praying this meeting ends sooner”可推知，此处是指焦虑增加、加剧，应是“intensified (加剧、增强)” ，与空前的is构成一般现在时的被动语态，符合“焦虑随消息累积而加重”的语境。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：群聊最初是与多位朋友远程联系的新方式，如今已成为我们保持联络的常见方式。根据“as a new __2__ for”可知，此空应是名词作宾语。根据“the common way we stay in touch”可知，此空应是名词“means (方式、手段)”，符合“群聊作为沟通方式”的语境。故选F。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：英国成年人平均参与83个群聊，这一惊人的状况凸显了人们的社交联系有多紧密。根据“a(n) __3__ situation”可知，此空应是形容词作定语。根据“83 group chats”及“how over-connected people are”可知，此空应是形容词“striking (惊人的、显著的)”，体现“人均83个群聊”这一数据的冲击力。故选J。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：看到大量消息涌来时，我会焦虑，担心不常查看的话，会错过最新动态。根据“lose track of”及“don’t check them”可知，此空应是名词复数作宾语，“updates (最新动态、更新内容)”符合“担心错过消息”的语境。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查动词原形。句意：不加入群聊反而可能加剧压力，因为之后要补看大量消息。根据“may”可知，此空应是动词原形，“fuel (加剧、刺激)”符合“不看群聊→后续补看消息→压力更大”的逻辑。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果你知道每个人都在聊天，而你却不是其中的一部分，这就会让你产生一种被忽视的痛苦。根据空前介词“of”及“on the outside”可知，此空应是名词作宾语，“invisibility (被忽视、无形状态)”能体现“透明人”的痛苦感。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，群聊的阴暗面在于，轻松玩笑会变成看似无害的评论，却引发负面情绪的蔓延。此空应是副词作状语，修饰形容词harmless，根据“lighthearted jokes”及“causing the wildfire of negativity”可知，此空应是“seemingly (看似、表面上)”体现“评论看似无害实则有负面影响”的转折。故选I。 【18题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：若你被拉进没有某朋友的小群，这就意味着这位朋友被孤立了。根据“added to a group without a certain friend”可知，“isolated (孤立)”符合“该朋友被排除在群聊外”的语境，现在完成时的被动语态has been isolated是从句谓语。故选E。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：新群里没有人想伤害别人，但不知怎么的，关于那个朋友的八卦后来就出现了，这表明离开群聊就有被人在背后议论的风险。根据“equals the __9__ of”可知，此处应是名词作宾语，“risk (风险)”符合“不在群聊里就存在被人背后议论自己的风险”的语境。故选H。 【20题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：群聊的情感规则塑造了我们是否“被看见、被接纳、被重视”的感受。此空与“seen、valued”并列，应是“included (被包含、被接纳)”，呼应前文“被排除/孤立”的语境。故选B。 （六） （2025年黄浦区一模） Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. combining B. defenseless C. diversified D. efficiency E. mixed F. origins G. possibilities H. previously I. promising J. reasonably K. transformed What’s a Potato? A Nine-Million-Year-Old Tomato. As a foodstuff, the potato can be baked, boiled, fried and more. As a crop, it is among the world’s most important, with more than 350 million tons produced annually. Its ____11____ — it requires less land than rice — and its ability to grow in a variety of environments has made it essential to global food security. For all that, the plant’s ____12____ have remained unclear. According to a study published on July 24, 2025, potatoes may have arisen nine million years ago through the ____13____ of genetic (基因的) material from Etuberosum, a group of potato-like plants from South America, and wild tomato plants. According to the study, this hybridization event led to the birth of the potato plant’s unique feature, the tuber, an underground structure which, as humans eventually discovered, is eatable. But why do potatoes look like one plant but share relationship with another? The researchers found that the modern potato had a(n). ____14____ ancestry, which arose from a hybrid tomato and Etuberosum families eight million to nine million years ago and led to the start of tubers. This hybridization may have ____15____ potato species and enabled them to expand their range across cold regions. It was a very well-done study, indicating that the genes responsible for tuber formation were a combination of the genetic material from each evolutionary parent. Pingxian Zhang from the Chinese Academy for Agricultural Sciences expressed excitement at the ___16___ for future studies. Only a handful of potato species are planted, and improving on them has posed challenges: As a crop, they are typically spread through cloning, which limits their genetic variety and makes them more ____17____ to diseases. Engineering potatoes with genetic material from tomatoes could be a(n) ____18____ way forward, Dr. Zhang said. In the last few years, researchers have been able to analyze genomes at a much larger scale than before and infer ____19____ mysterious evolutionary connections. These studies have_____20_____ our understanding of what might have occurred in the past. 【答案】11. D 12. F 13. A 14. E 15. K 16. G 17. B 18. I 19. H 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一项研究发现土豆的起源可能与番茄和类土豆植物的基因杂交有关，以及该发现对未来土豆作物改良的意义。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：它的高效性——所需土地比水稻少——以及在多种环境中生长的能力，使其成为全球粮食安全的关键。根据后文“requires less land than rice”可知，这是土豆的优势特性，efficiency意为“高效性”，符合“土地需求少”体现的高效特点。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管如此，这种植物的起源仍然不明。根据下文研究探讨土豆的形成过程可知，此处指土豆的起源问题，origins意为“起源”，与“remained unclear”相呼应。故选F。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：根据2025年7月24日发表的一项研究，土豆可能起源于900万年前，由来自南美的一组类土豆植物Etuberosum和野生番茄植物的基因物质结合而成。根据后文“this hybridization event”可知，此处指基因物质的结合，combining意为“结合”，符合杂交的科学定义。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，现代土豆有着混合的祖先，它起源于800万至900万年前番茄和Etuberosum家族的杂交，并促成了块茎的出现。根据“arose from a hybrid tomato and Etuberosum families”可知，土豆的祖先是混合的，mixed意为“混合的”，符合杂交产生的祖先特征。故选E。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种杂交可能改变了土豆品种，使其能够在寒冷地区扩展分布范围。根据“enabled them to expand their range across cold regions”可知，杂交给土豆品种带来了改变，transformed意为“改变”，符合“扩展分布范围”的结果导向。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国农业科学院的张平仙对未来研究的可能性表示兴奋。根据“for future studies”可知，此处指研究带来的潜在方向，possibilities意为“可能性”，符合对未来研究的期待语境。故选G。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：作为一种作物，它们通常通过克隆繁殖，这限制了它们遗传多样性，使它们更容易感染疾病。根据“limits their genetic variety”可知，遗传单一性会让土豆缺乏抗病能力，defenseless意为“无防御能力的”，符合“易染病”的逻辑。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：张博士说，利用番茄的基因物质培育土豆可能是一个有前景的前进方向。根据前文“improving on them has posed challenges”可知，此处提出的新方法是有希望的，promising意为“有前景的”，符合对改良方案的积极评价。故选I。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：在过去几年里，研究人员能够以比以往更大的规模分析基因组，并推断出以前神秘的进化联系。根据“mysterious evolutionary connections”可知，这些联系此前未被发现，previously意为“以前”，符合“过去神秘、现在被推断”的语境。故选H。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些研究使我们对过去可能发生的事情的理解更加多样化。根据前文“infer previously mysterious evolutionary connections”可知，新发现丰富了人们的认知，diversified意为“使多样化”，符合“认知范围扩大”的结果。故选C。 （七） （2026年宝山区一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.supportive B. blamed C. ground D. economically E. continuing F. influenced G. positively H. rights I. roles J. shape K. sensed DR. ALAA MURABIT In October 1989, Alaa Murabit, the middle child of 11, was born in a Canadian home to an immigrant family from Libya in Africa. Her younger years were filled with fun and kindness. Her ____11____ parents treated her and her siblings with equality and fairness. Her father emphasized the importance of education and gender equality, which greatly ____12____ her views on social justice. Growing up with so many brothers and sisters, Alaa says that she attended “Diplomacy 101” at home. She learned to focus, negotiate and talk fast, or she wouldn’t get a chance to do anything. Most importantly, she learned that it was necessary to have a seat at the table to defend yourself. For example, if a lamp got broken, and you weren’t around to defend yourself, you might end up being ____13____ . An extremely gifted girl, Alaa graduated from high school at age 15. After that, the family moved to her parents’ hometown in Libya. The following year she began studying at the College of Medicine at AI Zawiya University in Libya, graduating in 2013. In the midst of her medical studies, civil war broke out in Libya in February 2011. It wasn’t until then, at age 21, that Murabit ____14____ a cultural shift as women were given a seat at the table. They were finally involved in decision-making and information-sharing to fight against the war taking place around them. But, as religious political leaders persuaded women to return to their previous ____15____ , many women disappeared from the range of influence. It was then that Murabit founded The Voice of Libyan Women, a national organization to ____16____ women’s rights. The organization works to improve political participation and empower women ____17____ . Additionally, she helps to promote security for all, creates strategies for establishing and maintaining peace and encourages faith-supported peace building. Following medical school, Murabit went on to receive a master’s degree from the London School of Economics while ____18____ to push for women’s rights. She talked in schools and homes and put up posters and signboards around the country promoting those ____19____ . She fights not only for women but also for the health of the world. Dr. Murabit’s leadership helped to ____20____the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, impacting billions of people for the better. 【答案】11. A 12. F 13. B 14. K 15. I 16. J 17 D 18. E 19. H 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了利比亚女医生Alaa Murabit的成长经历。她出生于移民家庭，深受父母平等观念影响。面对利比亚内战，她创办组织倡导女性权利，并推动联合国可持续发展目标，展现了卓越领导力。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她富有支持力的父母对她和她的兄弟姐妹一视同仁、公平对待。第一空使用形容词作定语，根据前文“Her younger years were filled with fun and kindness.(她年轻时充满欢乐与善良。)”可知，此处表示她年轻时充满欢乐与善良，由此表示她的父母是富有支持力的。表示“富有支持力的”用supportive。故选A。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：她的父亲强调教育和性别平等的重要性，这极大地影响了她对社会正义的看法。设空处使用动词作which引导非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，根据前文“Her father emphasized the importance of education and gender equality”可知，此处表示父亲强调教育和性别平等的重要性，这影响了她对社会正义的看法，所以用influence，意为“影响”，根据前文emphasized可知，句子为一般过去时。故填F。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，如果一盏灯坏了，而你不在身边为自己辩护，你最终可能会受到指责。分析句子结构可知，第三空为谓语动词，根据前文“if a lamp got broken, and you weren’t around to defend yourself”可知，此处表示如果一盏灯坏了，而你不在身边为自己辩护，你最终可能会受到指责，所以用blame，意为“责备”，根据前文might end up being可知，句子为被动关系，所以填blamed。故填B。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：直到那时，21岁的Murabit才感觉到一种文化转变，女性开始有了发言权。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据后文“a cultural shift as women were given a seat at the table”可知，此处表示21岁的Murabit才感觉到一种文化转变，女性开始有了发言权，所以用sense，意为“觉察，意识到”，根据前文It wasn’t until then可知，句子为一般过去时。故填K。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是，当宗教政治领袖说服女性回到她们以前的角色时，许多女性从影响力范围中消失了。此处使用名词作宾语，根据后文“many women disappeared from the range of influence”可知，此处表示当宗教政治领袖说服女性回到她们以前的角色时，许多女性从影响力范围中消失了，所以用role，意为“角色”，根据前文previous可知，此处表示以前的角色，所以用复数形式。故填I。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：就在那时，Murabit创立了“利比亚妇女之声”组织，这是一个全国性组织，旨在塑造女性的权利。根据前文的to可知，此处使用动词原形与前文的to构成不定式结构，根据后文“women’s rights”可知，此处表示一个塑造妇女权利的国家组织，所以用shape，意为“塑造，构建”，此处为动词不定式作后置定语。故填J。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：该组织致力于提高政治参与度，在经济上赋予妇女权力。设空处使用副词作状语修饰动词empower，根据句意可知，此处表示在经济上赋予妇女权力，所以用economically，意为“经济上地”。故填D。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：医学院毕业后，Murabit继续在伦敦政治经济学院攻读硕士学位，同时继续推动妇女权利。此处为while引导的时间状语从句的省略，while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句可以省略主语和be动词，使用现在分词形式，根据后文“to push for women’s rights”可知，此处表示同时继续推动妇女权利，所以用continue，意为“继续”，与逻辑主语Murabit之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填E。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：她在学校和家里演讲，并在全国各地张贴海报和标语牌来宣传这些权利。设空处使用名词作宾语；根据前文“She talked in schools and homes and put up posters and signboards around the country promoting those”可知，此处表示她在学校和家里演讲，并在全国各地张贴海报和标语牌来宣传这些权利，所以用right，意为“权力”，根据those可知，此处表示这些权利，所以用复数形式。故填H。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Murabit博士的领导力帮助为2015年联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）奠定了基础，使数十亿人受益。分析句子结构可知，第十空为非谓语动词，根据后文“the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015”可知，此处表示Murabit博士的领导力帮助为2015年联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）奠定了基础，所以用ground，意为“奠定基础”，help to do sth.为固定短语，意为“帮助做某事”，所以此处用动词原形。故填C。 （八） （2026年崇明区一模） A. aim B. apparent C. boosting D. campaign E. controversial F. misperception G. discourage H. manual I. decrease J. moving K. urging The Link Between Movement and Health How people exercise changes with each new trend but the idea that physical activity is key to good health is more than a passing fashion. What won’t change is that staying active benefits health in various ways —including lowering the risk for heart attacks, and ____11____ mental health. Loss of activity in our lives It wasn’t always so difficult to keep ____12____. People did it because they had to. As cars multiplied and electric appliances reduced the amount of ____13____ labor people had to do, “we got to a point where we weren’t so physically active,” said Dr. Bethany Barone Gibbs, a professor at West Virginia University in Morgantown. “It then became ____14____that maybe people who were more active were healthier.” Recommended exercise Studies showed even moderate-intensity activities could make a difference, leading to a 1995 U.S. surgeon general’s report ____15____ people to engage in 30 to 45 minutes of moderate activity each day, and for those who were already doing so, to push themselves harder. In 2007, the American College of Sports Medicine, along with the American Medical Association and the U.S. surgeon general, launched a(n) ____16____, calling for people to engage in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Current federal guidelines now reflect additional evidence suggesting people ____17____ for up to 300 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise, or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise. All movement counts Even small amounts of activity throughout the day can make a difference. More evidence suggests it’s not just how much people move but how much they sit that matters. The guidelines now ____18____ long periods of sitting behavior, finding a benefit with even five minutes of movement at least once an hour. “Get off the couch” and move “There is a(n) ____19____ that you need to be a sportsperson to get health benefits from exercise,” said Dr.Damon Swift, an exercise physiologist (生理学家) at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. “But really the benefits increase much earlier than that. Once you start getting off the couch, there is a large ____20____ in risk as you go from being inactive to somewhat active.” 【答案】11. C 12. J 13. H 14. B 5. K 16. D 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. I 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了运动与健康之间的关系。 【11题详解】 考查动名词。句意：不变的是，保持活跃好动对健康有着多方面的益处——包括降低心脏病发作的风险，以及提升心理健康水平。空处应用动名词，与lowering并列作宾语；选项C. boosting表示“提升、推动”，为动名词形式，符合句子和句意。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查动名词。句意：保持活动并不总是那么困难。动词短语keep doing表示“保持做某事”，故空处用动名词形式；根据上句“Loss of activity in our lives(在我们的生活中失去活动)”可知，空处表示保持“活动”，选项J. moving为动名词形式，表示“移动、活动”，符合句意。故选J。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随着汽车数量的增多以及电器的普及减少了人们需要从事的体力劳动，“我们逐渐进入了一个身体活动量减少的阶段”，西弗吉尼亚大学莫兰顿分校的贝瑟尼·巴罗内·吉布斯教授如是说。空处应用形容词，修饰名词labor，作定语；选项H. manual为形容词，表示“体力的、手动的”，manual labor意为“体力劳动”，符合句意。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随后便显而易见的是，或许那些更活跃的人会更健康。空处应用形容词，作表语；选项B. apparent为形容词，表示“显而易见的”，符合句意。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：研究表明，即使是中等强度的运动也能产生效果，这促使 1995 年美国卫生局局长发布了一份报告，呼吁人们每天进行 30 至 45 分钟的中等强度运动，并且对于那些已经进行此类运动的人，要更加努力地坚持下去。空处应用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰名词report，并与其之间为主动关系；选项K. urging为现在分词，表示“力劝、敦促”，符合句意。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：2007 年，美国运动医学学院、美国医学协会以及美国卫生部长共同发起了一项活动，呼吁人们每周进行 150 分钟的中等强度运动。空处应用名词，作宾语；选项D. campaign为名词，表示“活动、运动”，符合句意。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：目前联邦指南反映了更多证据，表明人们的目标是每周进行最多 300 分钟的中等强度运动，或 75 至 150 分钟的高强度运动。空处应用动词，作suggesting后宾语从句的谓语；选项A. aim为动词，表示“旨在、瞄准”，aim for表示“以……为目标”，符合句意。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：该指南现在不鼓励长时间坐着的行为，发现每小时至少运动一次，哪怕是五分钟也有好处。空处应用动词，作谓语；选项G. discourage为动词，表示“劝阻、不鼓励”，符合句意。故选G。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：有一种错误的观念认为，要想从运动中获得健康益处，就必须是专业的运动员。空处应用名词，作主语；选项F. misperception为名词，表示“误解、错误的想法”，符合句意。故选F。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：一旦你开始离开沙发，当你从不活动变为稍微活跃时，风险就会大大降低。空处应用名词，作主语；选项I. decrease可作名词，表示“减少、减低”，符合句意。故选I。 （九） （2026年杨浦区一模） A. challenged B. shapes C. raising D. projections E. separated F. core G. autonomous H. building I. imperfect J. perceived K. clarity Do I Need to Parent My Only Child in a Different Way? Q: I have an only child, and people often comment about them being at risk of becoming spoiled, selfish, or unable to socialize. Now I’m worrying about how I can make sure I am raising my child in the right way. A: Firstly, I want to say I am deeply sorry that anyone would make such comments. These ideas about “who” your child may be are ____11____ of that person’s anxieties and discomfort, and are sadly ignorant. British concerns about only children’s social development emerged in 1850, linking their ____12____ spoiling to insufficient peer interaction and extremely high adult contact throughout the 19th-20th centuries. Recent research has ____13____ these assumptions and shown there are no significant differences between children who have siblings (兄弟姐妹) and those who don’t. In fact, some studies report that only children may be more confident, emotionally strong, and have a better quality of life. But these findings cannot be ____14____ from the context of most of this research taking place within middle-class families. What we can say with ____15____ is that only children are much more like other children (who have siblings) than they are different. The truth is, it’s not the number of siblings a child has that ____16____ them into the adult they become. Their relationship with their parents actually has the greatest influence on their development. So, if you want to raise your child well, keep focusing on the relationship you are ____17____ with them, and get curious about who they are and what they are trying to communicate and express. Learn to accept your mistakes as a parent and offer your child repair when you get things wrong. Parenting is messy, and ____18____ your child right is going to look different for everyone, but at the____19____ of everything you do is love for your child. Love, however, is ____20____ , so let go of the pressure to get it “right” or to parent your child differently because they don’t have siblings and, instead, enjoy the parenting journey with them. 【答案】11. projections 12. perceived 13. challenged 14. separated 15. clarity 16. shapes 17. building 18. raising 19. core 20. imperfect 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了独生子女是否需要以不同的方式养育的问题，指出人们对独生子女的看法往往是基于个人焦虑和无知，并阐述了影响孩子成长的关键因素是亲子关系而非兄弟姐妹的数量。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些关于你的孩子可能成为“什么样的人”的看法，是那个人自身焦虑和不安的投射，并且可悲地体现出无知。根据“of that person’s anxieties and discomfort”可知，此处指这些看法是个人内心感受的外在投射，projections意为“投射”，为名词，符合句意。故填projections。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：英国对独生子女社交发展的担忧始于1850年，在整个19至20世纪，人们将他们被察觉到的宠溺归因于同伴互动不足和成人接触过多。根据“emerged in 1850”和“spoiling”可推知，人们开始察觉到对独生子女的宠溺，perceive意为“察觉，注意到”，修饰名词spoiling，用过去分词形式perceived作定语。故填perceived。 【13题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：最近的研究对这些假设提出了质疑，并表明有兄弟姐妹的孩子和没有兄弟姐妹的孩子之间没有显著差异。根据“these assumptions and shown there are no significant differences”可知，新研究否定了旧有假设，动词challenge意为“质疑”，作谓语，用过去分词形式构成现在完成时态has challenged。故填challenged。 【14题详解】 考查动词和语态。句意：但这些发现不能脱离大多数研究是在中产阶级家庭背景下进行的这一情境。根据句意和“from the context”可知，此处指研究结果与背景不可分割，用动词separate作谓语，意为“分离”，与主语these findings之间是被动关系，应用过去分词构成被动语态be separated。故填separated。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们可以明确地说，独生子女与有兄弟姐妹的孩子之间的相似之处远多于不同之处。根据“What we can say with...”可知，此处表示说话的确信程度，with clarity意为“明确地”，名词clarity意为“清晰；明确”，作宾语。故填clarity。 【16题详解】 考查动词和主谓一致。句意：事实上，塑造孩子成为什么样的大人的不是他们兄弟姐妹的数量。根据“them into the adult they become”可知，此处指“塑造”其成长，动词shapes意为“塑造”，作强调句中谓语动词，“the number of siblings”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填shapes。 【17题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：所以，如果你想养育好你的孩子，继续关注你与他们建立的关系，并对他们是谁以及他们试图传达和表达的内容感到好奇。根据“the relationship you are”以及“with them”可知，此处表示你与他们建立的关系，动词build意为“建立”，作谓语，用现在分词形式构成现在进行时态are building。故填building。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：养育孩子是混乱的，正确地养育孩子对每个人来说都是不同的，但你所做的一切的核心都是对孩子的爱。根据前文“Parenting”及此处语境可知，此处指“抚养”孩子这种行为，动词raise意为“养育”，作主语，用动名词形式raising。故填raising。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：养育孩子是混乱的，正确地养育孩子对每个人来说都是不同的，但你所做的一切的核心都是对孩子的爱。根据“of everything you do is love for your child”可知，此处表示但你所做的一切的核心都是对孩子的爱，at the core of意为“在……的核心”，名词core意为“核心”，符合句意。故填core。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，爱是不完美的，所以不要因为要“正确”地养育孩子或因为孩子没有兄弟姐妹而以不同的方式养育他们而感到压力，而是要和他们一起享受养育孩子的旅程。根据“so let go of the pressure to get it “right” or to parent your child differently because they don’t have siblings and, instead, enjoy the parenting journey with them”可知，此处表示爱是不完美的，形容词imperfect意为“不完美的”，符合句意，作表语。故填imperfect。 （十） （2026年浦东新区一模） A. activated B. combined C. drives D. informed E. overrides F. previously G. readily H. stimulating I. survival J. underlying K. unfamiliar The six human hungers At the heart of food psychology lies a powerful question: Why do we eat what we eat? This question has led to a discovery ____11____ my entire conceptual framework of health and eating: the six human hungers. In observing behaviors and common struggles around food, I noticed most eating decisions weren’t purely based on physical hunger. Instead, they often arose from a complex combination of psychological, biological and emotional ____12____ that didn’t always reflect the body’s actual needs. This realization revealed a critical insight: What we often think of as “hunger” can actually be ____13____ by any of six distinct motivations: from nutritional needs to emotional needs, which has the power to influence when, what and how much we eat. Understanding which of these hungers is at play allows you to reclaim control over your eating choices so you can make intentional and ____14____ decisions rather than simply responding to impulses (冲动). These hungers determine our eating patterns, and their influence only intensifies when several of them are triggered at once. When three or more happen at the same time, the extreme hunger is nearly impossible to resist because it engages an ancient ____15____ instinct: as hunger grows, so does our urgency and adaptability in choosing foods. Prolonged hunger might have driven our ancestors to hunt more dangerous game or to experiment with ____16____ plants — a strategy that, while risky, was sometimes safer than facing starvation. This instinct to eat what was available may have saved lives in times of food shortage, but in today’s world of sufficient, ____17____ accessible food, it often works against us. This is a key reason why so many diets fail. Although they’re often poorly nourished (滋养), people attempt to adopt restrictive diets. Before long, intensified hunger ____18____ self-discipline, pushing them to make poor food choices. Feelings of guilt or shame may follow, ironically (讽刺地) ____19____ even more consumption and creating a cycle of overeating and self-blame. Generally speaking, each of the six hungers can affect us independently, but when multiple types of hunger are active, their ____20____ force can overcome even the strongest willpower. Next, we’ll look at the six human hungers as well as how to respond to each effectively, a new approach to navigating your relationship with food. 【答案】11. J 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. I 16. K 17. G 18. E 19. H 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于人类六种饥饿感的新发现，解释了它们如何综合影响我们的饮食选择和行为，并指出理解这些饥饿感有助于我们更好地控制饮食。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：正是这个问题，让我发现了构成我个人健康与饮食核心理念的基础：人类的六种饥饿感。根据“my entire conceptual framework of health and eating”可推知，这个发现构成了作者个人健康与饮食核心理念的基础。动词underlie意为“构成……的基础，为……的起因”，用现在分词作后置定语。故选项J。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：相反，它们通常源于心理、生物和情感驱动的复杂组合，这些驱动并不总是反映身体的真实需求。根据“they often arose from”可推知，心理、生物和情感因素驱动了它们的产生。C项“drives”意为“驱动力；冲动”，符合语境。故选项C。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种认识揭示了一个关键的见解：我们通常认为的“饥饿”实际上可能由六种不同的动机所激活。根据“by any of six distinct motivations”可知，“饥饿感”是被这些动机所激发或引起的。A项“activated”意为“激活；触发”，常用于表示某种机制或反应被启动，符合语境。故选项A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：理解哪一种饥饿在起作用，能让你重新控制自己的饮食选择，从而做出有意的、明智的决定，而不是简单地回应冲动。根据“Understanding which of these hungers is at play”和“rather than simply responding to impulses (冲动)”可知，这一决策是建立在理解的基础上，并非冲动的，是经过思考的明智决定。D项“informed”意为“明智的；基于信息的”，与“intentional”并列，符合语境。故选项D。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当其中三种或更多饥饿感同时出现时，那种极致的饥饿感几乎无法抵抗，因为它触发了一种古老的生存本能：饥饿愈盛，我们选择食物的紧迫感和适应性就愈强。根据“is nearly impossible to resist”和“as hunger grows, so does our urgency and adaptability in choosing foods”可推知，生存本能被触发，所以无法抗拒。I项“survival”意为“生存的”，作定语，是常见搭配，符合语境。故选项I。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当其中三种或更多饥饿感同时出现时，那种极致的饥饿感几乎无法抵抗，因为它触发了一种古老的生存本能：饥饿愈盛，我们选择食物的紧迫感和适应性就愈强。根据“driven our ancestors to hunt more dangerous game”和“while risky”可推知，极致的饥饿感会让人们去冒险，尝试的不熟悉植物是冒险行为之一。K项“unfamiliar”意为“不熟悉的”，作定语，符合语境。故选项K。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：这种有什么吃什么的本能可能在食物短缺时期拯救过生命，但在当今食物充足、易于获取的世界里，它常常对我们不利。根据“in today’s world of sufficient”可知，当今世界，食物是充足的，易于获取的。G项“readily”意为“容易地”，修饰形容词 accessible，符合语境。故选项G。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：不久之后，加剧的饥饿感会压倒自律，促使他们做出糟糕的食物选择。根据“pushing them to make poor food choices”可知，饥饿感变得强烈，会战胜或压制住自律，进而让人做出糟糕的选择。E项“overrides”意为“压倒；优先于”，符合语境。故选项E。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：内疚或羞愧的感觉可能会随之而来，讽刺的是，这会刺激甚至更多的进食，并创造一个过度饮食和自我责备的循环。根据“even more consumption”可推知，这里表示负面情绪反而导致了更多的进食。H项“stimulating”意为“刺激；促使”，符合“导致更多进食”的语境。故选项H。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一般来说，这六种饥饿感中的每一种都可以独立地影响我们，但当多种饥饿感同时活跃时，它们结合的力量甚至可以战胜最强大的意志力。根据“when multiple types of hunger are active”可知，多种饥饿感共同作用时，它们的力是联合或结合的。B项“combined”意为“结合的；联合的”，修饰“force”，表示合力。故选项B。 （十一） （2026年金山区一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. abstract B. bonding C. conflict D. constructively E. deepen F. massively G. mean H. pretending I. redefine J. shame K. tempting In Defense of Gossip Culturally, gossip has a poor reputation. It is often seen as a female activity or simply as talking badly about others. However, the social and emotional functions of gossip are ____13____ overlooked. Gossip allows us to make sense of ____14____ thought: When we gossip about people productively, we are analyzing their behavioral patterns, which includes contextualizing their actions with their motives and influences. Hence, good-faith gossip can ____15____understanding and empathy (共鸣), better equipping individuals to find the right way to resolve referenced conflicts. On another level, we are ____16____ with people we gossip with. Sharing worries or frustrations with trusted friends builds closeness. It lets us be honest instead of ____17____ to always be patient. It shows we trust our friends not to use our words against others. Of course, gossip can sometimes become ____18____. It can spread false information or ____19____ people. Private information can be shared without permission, causing hurt. But these problems come from how gossip is used, not from gossip itself. We can’t simply say gossip is morally wrong. What matters is whether it is used to understand and help, not to harm. When there are an intention and an effort to gossip ____20____ rather than destructively, we use gossip as a social and emotional tool that gives us a space to process, empathize, connect, and relax. Every day, we can decide to be kinder individuals and to fulfill the obligations (责任) as sensible beings. We cannot entirely stay away from gossip because of its bad reputation. Instead, we must ____21____ it. “Quitting” gossip is not as productive as thinking of it as a nonjudgmental method of social observation and _____22_____ resolution. After all, gossip isn’t only about what we say about others: It’s about how we choose to understand them. 【答案】13. F 14. A 15. E 16. B 17. H 18. K 19. J 20. D 21. I 22. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要为流言正名，阐述其积极社交功能并指出关键在于正确使用。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，流言在社交和情感方面的作用却被极大地忽视了。空处修饰动词overlooked，应用副词；结合选项，副词massively“极大地；大量地”符合语境，指流言的积极作用被严重忽视。故选F。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：流言能帮助我们理解抽象的想法：当我们有益地谈论他人时，我们会分析他们的行为模式，包括结合他们的动机和影响来解读其行为。空处修饰名词thought，应用形容词；形容词abstract“抽象的”符合语境，指流言可将抽象想法具象化分析。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：因此，善意的流言能够加深理解和共鸣，让人们更有能力找到解决相关冲突的正确方法。情态动词can后接动词原形；结合后文better equipping individuals to find the right way to resolve referenced conflicts可知，动词deepen“加深；深化”符合语境，指善意流言的积极作用。故选E。 【16题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：在另一个层面上，我们会和一起聊八卦的人建立情感联结。固定搭配bond with sb. 意为“与某人建立亲密关系”，此处用现在进行时，结合选项填bonding。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它让我们能够坦诚相待，而不必假装总是很有耐心。介词短语instead of后接动名词形式；结合前文lets us be honest可知，动词pretending“假装”符合语境，指不用伪装自己的情绪。故选H。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当然，流言有时也会变得具有诱惑性（易引人误入歧途）。系动词become后接形容词作表语；结合后文It can spread false information可知，形容词 tempting“诱惑人的；易引发不良后果的”符合语境，指流言存在的负面影响隐患。故选K。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：它可能会传播虚假信息，或者让人蒙羞。情态动词can后接动词原形，与spread并列作谓语；结合后文causing hurt可知，动词shame“使蒙羞；使丢脸”符合语境，指流言的伤害性。故选J。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：当我们有意且努力地建设性地聊八卦，而非破坏性地传播时，流言就成了一种社交和情感工具，能给我们提供一个处理情绪、产生共鸣、建立联结和放松的空间。空处修饰动词gossip，应用副词；结合后文rather than destructively可知，副词constructively“建设性地”与之对应，指正确的流言方式。故选D。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，我们必须重新定义它。情态动词must后接动词原形；结合前文We cannot entirely stay away from gossip because of its bad reputation可知，动词redefine“重新定义”符合语境，指不否定流言，而是重新认识它的价值。故选I。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：与其“戒掉”流言，不如将其视为一种无偏见社会观察和冲突解决方法，这样会更有意义。空处与social observation并列，作介词of的宾语，应用名词；结合前文resolve referenced conflicts可知，名词conflict“冲突”符合语境，指流言可作为解决冲突的途径。故选C。 （十二） （2026年奉贤区一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. resolved C. pride D. cautious E. sustained F. assigned G. stretch H. functioning I. unseasonably J. aggressive K. anchoring Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been ____11____ to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took ____12____ in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his ____13____ approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was ____14____ warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two ____15____: He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final ____16____ of the voyage. McSorley had initially ____17____ to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically ____18____ decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have ____19____ some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped. ______20______, and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. 【答案】11. F 12. C 13. J 14. I 15. A 16. G 17. B 18. D 19. E 20. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号船长麦克索利的最后航行，因遭遇恶劣天气，这艘船最终在苏必利尔湖失联的故事。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：他是五大湖区最优秀的水手之一，被指派驾驶哥伦比亚运输部的旗舰“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号。根据前文“one of the best sailors”可知，他能力出众，因此被分配驾驶旗舰，“assigned”意为“指派，分配”，符合“优秀水手得到重任”的语境。故选F。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利为自己的高效感到自豪，他总是能熟练地在危险水域航行，按时运送货物。根据后文“always delivered his goods on time”可知，他对自己的工作效率很满意，“take pride in”是固定短语，意为“为……感到自豪”，符合语境。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：公司看重他那种锐意进取、果敢激进的工作方式。根据后文“pushing forward”可知，他的工作态度是积极进取、作风果敢的，aggressive意为“果敢的，锐意进取的”，修饰approach，符合“公司重视的工作方式”的描述。故选J。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：气温异常温暖，这是出事的早期征兆。根据后文“Angry winter weather was already on its way”可知，反常的温暖天气是风暴将至的信号，“unseasonably”意为“反常地”，修饰warm，符合“天气异常”的语境。故选I。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利有两个选择：要么直接穿过湖面前往怀特菲什湾，这段航程他很熟悉，需要30小时；要么选择所谓的北线航道，沿着加拿大海岸航行，全程44小时，这条航道几乎可以一直保护船只，直到航行的最后一段路程。根据后文列举的两条不同航行路线可知，此处指船长面临两种航行方案，“options”意为“选择”，符合“两种航道可选”的语境。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利有两个选择：要么直接穿过湖面前往怀特菲什湾，这段航程他很熟悉，需要30小时；要么选择所谓的北线航道，沿着加拿大海岸航行，全程44小时，这条航道几乎可以一直保护船只，直到航行的最后一段路程。根据前文“the final”可知，此处指航行的最后一段路程，“stretch”意为“（路程的）一段”，符合“航道保护船只直至最后一段航程”的描述。故选G。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：麦克索利最初决定走更短的那条航道。根据后文“But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind”可知，他一开始有明确的决定，“resolved”意为“决定，决心”，符合“先决定后改主意”的逻辑。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这位以果敢高效著称的船长，做出了一个一反常态的谨慎决定，选择了更长的北线航道。根据前文“aggression and efficiency”和“uncharacteristically”可知，他这次的决定和以往的果敢不同，变得小心谨慎，“cautious”意为“谨慎的”，符合“一反常态的选择”的语境。故选D。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：“我船的上层建筑受损了，”麦克索利说，“我正在检查情况。你能在我到达怀特菲什湾之前陪着我吗？”根据后文“some topside damage”可知，船只在航行中遭遇了损坏，“sustained”意为“遭受，符合“船只受损”的语境。故选E。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：不久之后，麦克索利发现“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号的两台雷达都停止了运转，怀特菲什角的灯塔也熄灭了。根据前文“stopped”可知，此处指雷达设备无法正常工作，“functioning”意为“运转，工作”，符合“雷达失灵”的描述。故选H。 （十三） （2026年长宁区一模） A. accurate B. artificial C. captured D. corresponding E. decoding F. dreamscape G. impact H. perspective I. previously J. repeatedly K. scanned Dream catchers Do androids (人形机器人), as science fiction novelist Philip K. Dick asked, really dream of electric sheep? The purpose and meaning of dreams have long been debated. Now scientists are getting closer to ____11____ what humans see as they sleep — and how a robot can reproduce it. In 2013, a neuroscientist who specializes in the nervous system and its ____12____ on behaviour. conducted an experiment with some test subjects. He had them take hundreds of brief naps in an MRI machine, ____13____ waking them so they could describe their dreams. He had already isolated the unique brain patterns for certain objects he’d shown subjects while awake. Their brains were ____14____ for those patterns as they napped, and a computer program automatically turned the basic contents of their dreams into short videos. The study found these were 70 percent ____15____ compared with what subjects remembered of their real dreams. Two years later Google engineers also ____16____ the dreamlike images of a computer. They fed millions of images into a brain-inspired computer program — a network of ____17____ nerve cells — to study how it learned to identify objects. Then they put it through Deep Dream, a program that enables the network to build its own program-fueled ____18____ by finding shapes in an image of random visual noise, like the disturbing noisy images you see on an old TV. The computer generated a fantastical scene from its machine-learned knowledge. As in a dream, ____19____ seen images were rearranged into new patterns. It won’t be possible to produce a precise recording of human dreams until scientists discover how dreams originate in the brain, says Jack Gallant, a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley — or they build a databank of brain activity ____20____ to every thought. He compares it to building a language translation program:”You have a language but nothing it refers to. “ 【答案】11. E 12. G 13. J 14. K 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. F 19. I 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家在解码人类梦境及让机器人重现梦境方面的研究进展与探索。 【11题详解】 考查动名词。句意：现在科学家们越来越接近解码人类睡眠时所看到的东西——以及机器人如何重现它。根据下文“what humans see as they sleep”可知，这里说的是科学家在探索人类睡眠时看到的景象，也就是“解码”这些景象，用动词decode“解码”，get closer to doing sth.表示“接近做某事”，本空用动名词decoding，作宾语。故选E。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：2013年，一位专门研究神经系统及其对行为影响的神经科学家对一些受试者进行了一项实验。根据空后的“on behaviour”以及常识可知，神经系统会对行为产生影响，本空用名词impact，与空后的on搭配，表示“对……的影响”。故选G。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：他让他们在核磁共振成像仪中打数百次短暂的盹，反复叫醒他们，以便他们能描述自己的梦。根据前文“He had them take hundreds of brief naps”和后文“waking them”可知，为了获取受试者做梦的信息，需要多次叫醒他们，所以用副词repeatedly“反复地”，修饰动词waking，作状语。故选J。 【14题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：当他们打盹时，他们的大脑被扫描以寻找这些模式，一个计算机程序自动将他们梦的基本内容转换成短视频。根据前文“He had them take hundreds of brief naps in an MRI machine”提到在核磁共振成像仪中做实验，以及后文“for those patterns as they napped, and a computer program automatically turned the basic contents of their dreams into short videos”提到计算机程序处理大脑信息可知，这里是说大脑被扫描，用动词scan“扫描”，与主语Their brains为被动关系，本空用过去分词scanned，与空前的were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究发现，与受试者对真实梦境的记忆相比，这些（转换后的视频）的准确率为70%。根据“compared with what subjects remembered of their real dreams”可知，这里是将转换后的视频和真实梦境记忆作比较，说的是准确率，用形容词accurate“准确的”，作表语。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：两年后，谷歌的工程师们也捕捉到了计算机的梦幻般的图像。根据后文“the dreamlike images of a computer”可知，描述工程师们对计算机进行一系列操作来获取图像，这里用capture“捕捉”符合语境，且本句描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故选C。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们将数百万张图像输入到一个受大脑启发的计算机程序中——一个由人工神经细胞组成的网络——以研究它如何学习识别物体。根据“a brain-inspired computer program”、“nerve cells”和常识可知，计算机程序中的神经细胞是人工的，用形容词artificial“人工的”，修饰名词nerve cells，作前置定语。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：然后他们让它通过Deep Dream程序，这个程序使网络能够通过在随机视觉噪声的图像中寻找形状，构建自己由程序驱动的梦幻场景，就像你在旧电视上看到的令人不安的嘈杂图像一样。根据后文“As in a dream”可知，这里说的是构建类似梦境的场景，用名词dreamscape“梦幻场景”，作build的宾语。故选F。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：就像在梦中一样，以前看到的图像被重新排列成新的模式。根据“seen images were rearranged into new patterns”可知，这里说的是之前看到的图像被重新排列，用副词previously“以前，先前”，修饰动词seen，作状语。故选I。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：加州大学伯克利分校心理学教授杰克·加兰特说，除非科学家发现梦是如何在大脑中产生的，或者他们建立一个与每个想法对应的大脑活动数据库，否则不可能对人类梦境进行精确记录。根据“to every thought”可知，此处表示建立一个与每个想法对应的大脑活动数据库，corresponding to... 表示“与……对应”，所以用形容词corresponding，作定语，修饰a databank of brain activity。故选D。 （十四） （2026年普陀区一模） A. addictive B. approaches C. cataloging D. dominated E. encounters F. expanding G. identified H. obstacles I. prospective J. reference K. targets Apps That Bring Art to Life At the Betty Cuningham gallery on the Lower East Side recently, I noticed an arresting painting: a woman asleep by a window with the Empire State Building in view, and a floating fish above her. Fascinated, I opened a smartphone app called Magnus, and within seconds, it ____11____ the piece as Philip Pearlstein’s Model With Empire State Building (1992), priced at $300,000. The app also provided its sales history and saved the details for future ____12____. Magnus is part of a wave of smartphone apps trying to recognize the physical world as a way of providing instant information about songs or clothes or plants or paintings. While Shazam has ____13____ with over a billion downloads, apps like Magnus and Smartify appeal to art enthusiasts by demystifying the art world. Magnus has built a database of more than 10 million images of art, and aims to help ____14____ art buyers navigate art galleries and fairs with little information. Smartify, on the other hand, ____15____ museumgoers, cooperating with institutions to provide educational content and accessibility features like audio guides for users with visual problems. Similarly, Google Lens is ____16____ into art, partnering with museums like San Francisco’s de Young Museum and platforms like Wescover to identify public and local art. However, building a “Shazam for art” faces unique challenges. Unlike music, ____17____ individual artworks is complicated by its sheer volume, copyright issues, and the limitations of image recognition technology, particularly with 3D objects. Despite these ____18____, apps like Magnus bring clarity to a commonly secretive market, helping users navigate galleries and even negotiate prices. After a few weeks of trying out apps-for-art in museums and galleries, I found that they did not increase the quality of my visual ____19____. The app shouldn’t be our sole guide through the visual world. Walking around the New Museum with the Magnus app, I found myself breezing past paintings, not looking too hard at details because the camera was looking for me, and the app knew much more than I did. There was that little ____20____, satisfying click of recognition. It was hard to stop. 【答案】11. G 12. J 13. D 14. I 15. K 16. F 17. C 18. H 19. E 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一系列能够识别艺术品并提供相关信息的手机应用程序，如Magnus、Smartify和Google Lens，阐述了它们的功能、优势以及面临的挑战，并探讨了这些应用如何改变人们与艺术的互动方式。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：我很着迷，于是打开了一款名为Magnus的智能手机应用，几秒钟之内，它就识别出这幅作品是菲利普·帕尔斯坦的《模特与帝国大厦》(1992)，标价30万美元。根据“I opened a smartphone app called Magnus”和“the piece as Philip Pearlstein’s Model With Empire State Building (1992)”可知，是应用识别出了这幅作品的具体信息。G项“identified”意为“识别、确认”，作谓语，符合语境。故选G项。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：该应用还提供了它的销售历史，并保存了详细信息以备将来参考。根据“saved the details for future”和常识可推知，保存详细信息是为了以后需要时查看或使用。J项“reference”意为“参考”，作宾语，符合语境。故选J项。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然Shazam以超过10亿的下载量占据主导地位，但像Magnus和Smartify这样的应用通过揭开艺术世界的神秘面纱来吸引艺术爱好者。根据“with over a billion downloads”可知，Shazam在音乐识别领域拥有巨大的市场份额和影响力。D项“dominated”意为“主导、支配”，作谓语，可以形象地表示其在市场上的领先地位。故选D项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Magnus已经建立了一个包含1000多万张艺术图片数据库，旨在帮助潜在的艺术买家在信息有限的情况下浏览艺术画廊和展览。根据“art buyers navigate art galleries and fairs with little information”可推知，这些浏览艺术画廊和展览的用户信息有限，是有购买意愿但可能还不是专家的买家，即潜在的的买家。I项“prospective”意为“潜在的、未来的”，作定语，符合语境。故选I项。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：另一方面，Smartify以博物馆参观者为目标，与机构合作提供教育内容和无障碍功能，比如为有视力障碍的用户提供音频导览。根据“museumgoers”和“to provide educational content and accessibility features like audio guides for users with visual problems.”可知，Smartify将其服务对象瞄准了博物馆参观者，为他们提供音频导览等服务。K项“targets”意为“以……为目标”，作谓语，符合语境。故选K项。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：同样，Google Lens正在向艺术领域扩展，与旧金山笛洋美术馆等博物馆和Wescover等平台合作，识别公共和当地艺术品。根据后文“partnering with museums”可知，Google Lens正在将其功能范围扩大到艺术领域。F项“expanding”意为“扩展、扩大”，作谓语，符合语境。故选F项。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：与音乐不同，对单个艺术品进行编目因其庞大的数量、版权问题以及图像识别技术的局限性(尤其是对于3D物体)而变得复杂。根据句意和“individual artworks is complicated by...”可推知，此处谈论的是对艺术品进行系统化整理或记录所面临的困难。C项“cataloging”意为“将……编入目录、分类登记”，是处理艺术品信息的基础步骤，且与“database(数据库)”等前文信息呼应。故选C项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管存在这些障碍，但像Magnus这样的应用还是给这个通常很隐秘的市场带来了清晰度，帮助用户浏览画廊甚至议价。根据“Despite these”可知，此处指代前文提到的数量庞大、版权问题、技术限制等挑战。H项“obstacles”意为“障碍、阻碍”，作宾语，符合语境。故选H项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：在博物馆和画廊试用了几周艺术应用后，我发现它们并没有提高我的视觉体验质量。根据“After a few weeks of trying out”可知，作者是在试用后做出评价，是描述应用对个人欣赏艺术品过程的影响。E项“encounters”意为“相遇、接触、体验”，此处指与艺术品互动、观赏的体验，作宾语。故选E项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有那么一点让人上瘾的、满足的识别点击声。根据“satisfying click of recognition. It was hard to stop.”可知，这种识别成功带来的轻微满足感让人忍不住想继续使用。A项“addictive”意为“使人上瘾的”，能解释为何“很难停下来”，作定语。故选A项。 （十五） （2026年青浦区一模） A. architectural B. tiredness C. concentrated D. raised E. appetite F. reportedly G. resulted H. Blessed I. precisely J. engagement K. diverse To Stand out Again, Ancient Towns Must Readapt Featuring bridges over flowing streams and antique-looking architecture, ancient towns and cities have been cultural tourist hot spots nationwide. However, a recent news report about Dayong Ancient City in Central China’s Hunan Province has ____11____doubts about whether such ancient towns still hold appeal. ____12____ with the unmatched advantage of being in the famous Chinese tourism city Zhangjiajie, the Dayong site has visitors few and far between and has____13____ accumulated over 1 billion yuan ($140 million) in losses during its four-year trial operation. Its shocking drop has not just exposed the site’s failure, but also serves as a sharp reminder to the ancient town tourism industry: Travelers are losing their____14____for ancient town attractions amid the abundant choices available. Rooted in the country’s ____15____ regional cultures, China’s rich ancient town resources actually present a good starting point for the sector’s tourism growth. According to a report released by the China Tourism Academy, as of 2024, China’s ancient towns were largely____16____ in six provinces including Sichuan, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, gathering more than half of the ancient town tourism sites of the country. However, in order to quickly “jump into the pool,” like what Zhang Jianchi, the director of Zhangjiajie Tourism Group who manages the Dayong Ancient City, told media, many ancient towns have all starting to carry out artificial redesigns. It is____17____such common designs that have made many ancient towns look similar when it comes to not only their____18____style or commercial layout, but even the experiences they offer. “Roasted sausages and squid (鱿鱼) , they all sell pretty much the same things. Looking through my photos, I can’t even tell which one I’ve visited,” Yao Yinghong, a 53-year-old visitor, told the Global Times. Yao’s experience actually reveals how the similarity of ancient towns has caused visual____19____ in visitors. Today, travelers have shifted from mere “check-ins” to an “experience-first” mindset, valuing absorbing____20____ over photos. They no longer visit just to “take memories home” but to “create stories worth telling.” This change in demand signals a crucial lesson for ancient towns’ future development: Finding more creative ways to tell the story of local narratives. 【答案】11. D 12. H 13. F 14. E 15. K 16. C 17. I 18. A 19. B 20. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕古镇旅游展开讨论，阐述了古镇旅游吸引力下滑的现状、原因及未来发展需创新讲述本地故事的改进方向。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，最近一则关于中国中部湖南省大庸古城的新闻报道，引发了人们对这类古镇是否仍具吸引力的质疑。空处作谓语，结合语境及空后doubts，动词raised“提出；引发”符合题意，构成raise doubts about“对……提出质疑”的固定搭配。文章整体为现在完成时，has后接过去分词，raised为raise的过去分词。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：大庸古城坐拥中国著名旅游城市张家界这一无可比拟的优势，却游客寥寥，在四年试运营期间累计亏损已超过10亿元人民币（1.4亿美元）。空处作状语，结合语境及空后with the unmatched advantage，形容词blessed“有幸拥有的；具有……优势的”符合题意，blessed with为固定搭配，意为“享有……的福气；具有……优势”，句首单词，首字母大写。故选H。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：大庸古城坐拥中国著名旅游城市张家界这一无可比拟的优势，却游客寥寥，在四年试运营期间累计亏损已超过10亿元人民币（1.4亿美元）。空处修饰谓语动词accumulated，结合语境，副词reportedly“据报道”符合题意，说明亏损这一情况的信息来源。故选F。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：其令人震惊的衰退不仅暴露了该景区的失败，也深刻提醒古镇旅游业：在丰富的选择面前，游客正逐渐失去对古镇景点的兴趣。空处作宾语，结合语境及空后for ancient town attractions，名词appetite“兴趣；喜好”符合题意，构成lose one’s appetite for“对……失去兴趣”的固定搭配。故选E。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：中国丰富的古镇资源植根于该国多样的地域文化，实际上为该行业的旅游发展提供了良好的起点。空处作定语修饰regional cultures，结合语境及rich ancient town resources，形容词diverse“多样的；不同的”符合题意，体现地域文化的多元性。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：据中国旅游研究院发布的一份报告显示，截至2024年，中国的古镇主要集中在四川、浙江、江苏等六个省份，聚集了全国一半以上的古镇旅游景点。空处作表语，结合语境及gathering more than half of the ancient town tourism sites，形容词concentrated“集中的”符合题意，构成be concentrated in“集中在……”的固定搭配。故选C。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：正是这种千篇一律的设计，使得许多古镇不仅在建筑风格或商业布局上看起来相似，甚至在提供的体验上也大同小异。空处修饰强调句型中的被强调部分such common designs，结合语境，副词precisely“正是；恰好”符合题意，加强语气，突出是这类设计导致了古镇的相似性。故选I。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：正是这种千篇一律的设计，使得许多古镇不仅在建筑风格或商业布局上看起来相似，甚至在提供的体验上也大同小异。空处作定语修饰style，结合前文ancient-looking architecture，形容词architectural“建筑的”符合题意，architectural style意为“建筑风格”，与前文的建筑相关表述呼应。故选A。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：姚的经历实际上揭示了古镇的相似性如何导致游客产生视觉疲劳。空处作宾语，结合语境及the similarity of ancient towns，名词tiredness“疲劳；厌倦”符合题意，visual tiredness意为“视觉疲劳”，符合游客面对相似古镇景观的感受。故选B。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：如今，游客已从单纯的“打卡”转向“体验优先”的心态，重视沉浸式参与而非拍照。空处作宾语，结合语境及experience-first mindset，名词engagement“参与；融入”符合题意，体现游客对深度体验、主动参与的重视，与单纯打卡拍照形成对比。故选J。 （十六） （2026年闵行区一模） A. distress B. pin C. scare D. coexisting E. unfold F. channelling G. single H. familiarity I. barely J. restorative K. unlikely The Healing Power of Caring for a Pigeon (鸽子) Like many people, I have always considered pigeons to be annoying and dirty virus-carriers. These birds, often said to ____11____ off smaller, prettier species, had never interested me until Brian Buckbee’s memoir We Should All Be Birds changed my perception. One evening in 2020, Buckbee spotted a pigeon on a walk near his home in Missoula, MT. It was standing on one leg and staring right at him. “He had the funniest look in his eye, one of ____12____, as if we had known each other for a long, long time.” This description showcases one of Buckbee’s remarkable skills: ____13____ a sense of personality into birds. As it turned out, the pigeon’s bent leg was injured, leaving it ____14____ able to fly and near starvation, so Buckbee brought it home, where he was no longer alone for the first time since the health crisis began, and he named the bird Two-Step. Like the bird, Buckbee was in ____15____. He was once an ocean-swimming world traveller, but for the past few years, he had struggled with a disease that has no known cause, no clear cure. His memoir is about his ____16____ friendship with Two-Step, and with a dozen or so other sick pigeons that he later takes in. It is about more than ____17____ with wild creatures. It’s also about sorrow, loss, pain, loneliness, and the ____18____ power of love. It’s a striking illustration of how caring for another living creature — even a wild bird — can give life meaning. We Should All Be Birds takes place between May 2020 and January 2023, but Buckbee moves around in time to ____19____ the backstory — his relationship with a woman, his trips to Southeast Asia that might have caused the illness, and his memories of his mother. It joins a growing collection of books by writers who have bonded with birds and other animals. However, Buckbee’s humour, warm tone and delicate physical condition ____20____ this book out from the rest. 【答案】11. C 12. H 13. F 14. I 15. A 16. K 17. D 18. J 19. E 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述布莱恩・巴克比照料生病鸽子的独特友谊，展现爱与关怀的治愈力量，赋予生命意义。 【11题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这些鸽子，据说常常会吓跑更小、更漂亮的物种，我一直对它们不感兴趣，直到布莱恩・巴克比的回忆录《我们都应该是鸟》改变了我的看法。此空在动词不定式符号to后应填动词原形，scare off，为固定搭配，表“吓跑”，be said to do为固定用法，此处用动词原形，符合“鸽子对其他物种的影响”语境。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：它的眼神很有趣，一种亲切感，仿佛我们已经认识了很久很久。此空应填名词作介词of的宾语，familiarity，意为“熟悉；亲切感”，结合“as if we had known each other for a long, long time”可知，此处强调鸽子给人一种熟悉的感觉，符合语境。故选H。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：这段描述展现了巴克比的一项非凡技能：赋予鸟类一种个性感。此空应填动词，与“a sense of personality”构成动宾关系，“channelling”（此处为动名词形式，表示列举），意为“传递；赋予”，“channelling a sense of personality into birds”，表示“把个性感赋予鸟类”，符合“展现技能”的语境。故选F。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：事实证明，这只鸽子弯曲的腿受伤了，几乎不能飞，而且濒临饥饿，于是巴克比把它带回了家。此空应填副词修饰形容词able，barely，意为“几乎不；勉强”，结合“injured”和“near starvation”可知，鸽子受伤后几乎无法飞行，符合语境。故选I。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：和这只鸟一样，巴克比也陷入了痛苦之中。此空应填名词作介词in的宾语，distress，意为“痛苦；苦恼”，结合后文“he had struggled with a disease that has no known cause, no clear cure”可知，巴克比身患重病，处于痛苦之中，符合语境。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他的回忆录讲述了他与“两步”以及后来收养的十几只生病鸽子之间看似不可能的友谊。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词修饰名词 friendship，unlikely，意为“不太可能的”，结合常识，人类与野生病鸽建立深厚友谊本是不易之事，用“unlikely”能突出这份情谊的特别，符合语境。故选K。 【17题详解】 考查名词性成分（动名词相关逻辑）。句意：这不仅仅是关于与野生动物共存。分析句子结构可知，此空应填能作介词than的宾语的词，“coexisting”（动名词形式），意为“共存；共处”，结合前文巴克比收养病鸽、建立友谊的情节，此处强调人与野生动物的共处关系，符合“超越表层关联，体现深度联结”的语境。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它还关乎悲伤、失落、痛苦、孤独，以及爱的治愈力量。此空应填形容词修饰名词power，restorative，意为“恢复性的；治愈的”，结合后文“how caring for another living creature... can give life meaning”可知，爱具有治愈人心的力量，符合语境。故选J。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：《我们都应该是鸟》发生在2020年5月和2023年1月之间，但巴克比穿梭于不同的时间线，以展开背景故事 —— 他与一个女人的关系、可能导致他生病的东南亚之旅，以及他对母亲的回忆。此空应填动词作目的状语，unfold，意为“展开；呈现”，unfold the backstory，表示“展开背景故事”，符合“回忆录中时间线切换以补充情节”的语境。故选E。 【20题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：然而，巴克比的幽默感、温暖的语气和脆弱的身体状况让这本书独树一帜。此空需填动词与“out from the rest”构成短语表“脱颖而出”，single out，为固定搭配，意为“挑选出；使突出”，主语为复数，用动词原形，符合“本书与同类书籍形成区别”的语境。故选G。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $