unit 1 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修1同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版）

Humor is an attitude towards life and a way to cope with it. —Lin Yutang 幽默是一种对待生活的态度，也是一种应对生活的方式。 ——林语堂 Laugh out loud! 主题语境：人与自我——积极的生活态度 UNIT 1 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 2 Using language— Non­defining attributive clauses Section Ⅱ ①I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. ②People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. ③I speak with the on­duty nurse, who tells me that Lara's parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. ④Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful. 【我的感悟】 (1)①②③④句中的定语从句(加黑部分)前面有逗号，与主句隔开。 (2)①句的关系词在定语从句中作 。 (3)②句中的定语从句是“介词＋ ”引导的定语从句。 (4)③④句中关系词在定语从句中作 。 状语 关系代词 主语 一、非限制性定语从句的引导词 关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 人 主语/宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物/整个主句 主语/宾语 whose(＝of whom/which) 人/物 定语 as 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 ①The famous author, who has written many best­selling novels, is going to give a lecture at our school. 那位创作了很多畅销小说的著名作家将在我们学校举办一场讲座。(who代指先行词author，在从句中作主语) ②The professor, whom we all respect deeply, has made great contributions to the field of physics. 这位教授在物理学领域做出了巨大贡献，我们都对他深感尊敬。(whom代指先行词the professor，在从句中作respect的宾语) ③She gave an inspiring speech at the conference, which left a deep impression on the audience. 她在会议上发表了鼓舞人心的演讲，这给听众留下了深刻的印象。(which代指整个主句，在从句中作主语，意为：这，这一点) ④We visited the small village last week, where the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful. 上周我们参观了那个小村庄，那里空气清新，风景优美。(where代指the small village，在从句中作地点状语) ⑤As is known to us all, performing practical measures makes a great difference to ocean protection. 众所周知，采取切实可行的措施对海洋保护有着重大影响。(As代指整个主句，在从句中作主语) whose ————即学即练1———— 用适当的关系词填空 ①A new stadium has been built up, has become the new landmark of our school. ②In August 2022, I arrived at Peking University, I have been living and studying for three years. ③It's better to make more new friends, can share their hobbies and ideas with you. ④Thomas Edison was a great scientist, inventions have changed the way of our living. which where who 二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句由“介词＋关系代词”引导时，如果所修饰的先行词是指“物”，关系代词要用which；如果所修饰的先行词是指“人”时，关系代词要用whom。介词的选择要注意以下几点： 1．根据介词与动词/形容词的搭配关系，选用固定搭配中的介词。 The movie, about which we talked heatedly last night, is based on a true story. 我们昨晚热烈讨论的那部电影是根据一个真实故事改编的。(talk about) 2．根据介词与先行词的关系，也就是语境和句意搭配。 Mr.Smith will move into his new house next Monday, by which time it will be completely finished. 史密斯先生将于下个星期一搬入新居，到那时，新房就完全建成了。(根据句意，选用介词by) ————即学即练2———— 完成句子 ①We reached the mountain top, (山顶上矗立着一座历史悠久的古塔). ②I often visit my grandmother, (和她在一起我总是度过温暖又快乐的周末). ③There are dozens of pictures on the wall, (其中一些是我妹妹画的). on which stood an ancient tower with a long history with whom I always spend a warm and happy weekend some of which were drawn by my little sister 三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 区分点 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 形式不同 用逗号和主句隔开 紧跟在先行词后，不用逗号隔开 功能不同 起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句意义的完整 起限定作用，不可省略，否则主句意思不完整 关系词不同 不能用that，why引导 所有关系词都可引导，在从句中作宾语时可省略 先行词不同 名词、代词、名词性短语或整个主句 名词、代词或名词性短语 翻译方式不同 一般译为并列分句 一般译为定语 ①The man who wears a blue shirt is my teacher. 那个穿着蓝色衬衫的男人是我的老师。(“who wears a blue shirt” 对 “the man” 进行限定，明确是穿着蓝色衬衫的那个男人) ②My father, who is a kind­hearted man, always helps others. 我的父亲，他是一个心地善良的人，总是帮助他人。(“who is a kind­hearted man” 是对 “my father” 的补充说明，即使去掉该从句，句子主要意思仍然完整) ————即学即练3———— 完成句子 ①Last Sunday, I happened to meet Li Hua, (他似乎很忙). ②(应用文之建议信)It is a good idea to try joining clubs or activities (你感兴趣的). ③I hope the English corner will be a wonderful place, (在那里我们可以自由地表达自己的想法并相互学习). who seemed to be very busy that/which interest you where we can freely express ourselves and learn from each other 四、as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 区分点 as which 位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前 意义 常译为“正如” 修饰整个主句时，常译为“这，那” 功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点，并指出主句内容 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句 【温馨提示】　(1)as 引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于下列一些固定结构中： as is expected (不出所料)、as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的)、as we all know/as is known to all (众所周知)、as is reported (正如所报道的)、as is often the case (这是常有的事)、as has been said before (如之前所述), as the saying goes (正如谚语说的)等。 (2)as也可用在限制性定语从句中，此时它多和such, so或the same连用，构成such/so...as和the same...as结构。 ————即学即练4———— 完成句子 ① (正如那句老话所说), “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”． ②I'll always remain honest, because honesty is a virtue, (它可以帮助我与他人和谐相处). As the old saying goes which can help me live in harmony with others 用适当的关系词填空 1．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell­Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 2．(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford­upon­Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. which who 3．(2023·全国乙卷)Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones，and you get to care for them as they mature— is part of the joy of owning plants. 4．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100­kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang， lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. which who Ⅰ.单词语法填空 Ⅱ.完成句子 Ⅲ.语段填空 Ⅲ.语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 practical (should) develop Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．(2024·全国甲卷) Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite (impress). 2．Thinking of the scenes where you practiced hard after school, we all agreed that you deserved (win) the honor. 3．This is a kind of (practice) joke; it's not funny. 4．It is essential that students (develop) good study habits in order to achieve academic success. impressive to win a 5．The peaceful scenery and the feeling of being in harmony with nature left a deep (impress) on me. 6．The old building deserves (preserve) because of its historical and cultural value. 7．Visitors to the campus were always impressed the large lake, whose clear waters reflected the surrounding greenery and blue sky. 8．Despite the difficult situation, the teacher's encouraging words made the students crack smile and regain their confidence. impression to be preserved by/with Ⅱ.链接写作——完成句子(每小题2分，共12分) 1．《畅所欲言》这档节目创办至今已经十年了。这是一档很棒的节目，在节目中你可以和学生们分享自己的想法。 It is ten years since “Talk and Talk” was established.This is an amazing program, ． 2．情况常常如此，我们的老师们经常熬夜备课以及批改我们的作业。 , our teachers often stay up late preparing lessons and correcting our homework. 3．这次活动很成功，使我们受益匪浅，它能够提升我们保护环境的意识。 The activity was a success and benefited us a lot, ． where you can share your ideas with students As is often the case which could raise our awareness of protecting environment 4．在我的求学过程中，我遇到了许多老师，其中有两位给我留下了持久的印象。 Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, ． 5．这座城市里有好几个美丽的公园，所有这些公园都为人们提供了绝佳的休闲和锻炼场所。 There are several beautiful parks in the city, ． 6．这本书是由一位著名科学家写的，我从中获得许多有用信息。 The book was written by a famous scientist. two of whom left a lasting impression on me all of which provide people with excellent places to relax and exercise from which I got a lot of useful information which whom when whose which Ⅲ.链接写作——完成语段(每小题1.5分，共12分) Last year, I went on a trip to Europe, 1 was an eye­opening experience.I started my journey in Paris, 2 the famous Eiffel Tower stands.It was a place which attracted millions of tourists from all over the world, 3 came here out of curiosity. I visited the Louvre Museum, in 4 I saw numerous priceless artworks.There, I met a guide, 5 I found extremely knowledgeable.He showed me around the museum and explained the history and significance of each piece with great enthusiasm. Then I went to Rome, the city where ancient history and modern life coexist.I was there in the spring, 6 the weather was perfect.I made friends with a local family, 7 hospitality made me feel at home.I had dinner with them, during 8 we shared stories and laughter. This trip has become one of the most cherished memories in my life. which where who Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·河南商丘商师联盟高二上期中)Josh Primm has just moved to New York City with his parents.He's shy, anxious, and slow to adjust to his new school.Then he makes a friend—Lyle, a crocodile.Lyle is no ordinary crocodile.For one thing, he sings.Josh's parents are terrified of him at first, but Lyle soon becomes part of the family.When Mr.Grumps, their unfriendly neighbor, threatens to have Lyle taken away, the Primms pull together to protect the creature. Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile is a musical comedy based on the popular children's books by Bernard Waber.Josh is played by Winslow Fegley, 13.He said he came to understand the shy boy. “Josh has to go through this journey, to break out of his shell，” Winslow said.“And it's Lyle, understanding the boy's loneliness, who helps him do this.By the end of the movie, Josh is very open to trying new things，” Winslow added.“I can relate to that.” The Lyle we see in the movie is computer­animated.He's voiced by singer Shawn Mendes.But Winslow said it was a “man in a suit”，actor Ben Palacios, who brought adult Lyle to life on the set.This made it easier for Winslow to get into character.“It was a great experience because I could work with a real person，” Winslow said.“I was able to react to his emotions.” Winslow has the same admiration for everyone involved in making the movie.“All of the people who worked on the special effects have done an amazing job，” he said.“It's not just making Lyle look realistic, but making him a lovable character.It's really easy to fall in love with him.” The film also stars Constance Wu as Josh's mom and Javier Bardem as Hector P．Valenti, Lyle's owner.“With all these very talented people，” Winslow said, “we made an amazing film that's great, hopefully, for all ages.” Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile opened in theaters on October 7. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部音乐喜剧电影，并描述了主人公扮演者的表演感受。 1．What did Lyle do in the story? A．He taught Josh to sing. B．He helped Josh overcome his shyness. C．He invited Josh to a crocodile concert. D．He competed with Josh in a talent show. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He's shy, anxious, and slow to adjust to his new school.Then he makes a friend—Lyle, a crocodile.”可知Josh很害羞。以及第三段“‘Josh has to go through this journey, to break out of his shell，’ Winslow said.‘And it's Lyle, understanding the boy's loneliness, who helps him do this.’”可知，Lyle理解Josh的孤独，并帮助Josh克服了他的害羞。故选B。 √ 2．What is the movie Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile mainly about? A．Winslow Fegley struggles to become an actor. B．Lyle, a crocodile, becomes a pop star in New York City. C．Josh adapts to a new school with the help of a crocodile. D．The Primm family's neighbor tries to drive their pet crocodile away. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中 “By the end of the movie, Josh is very open to trying new things”可知在电影的最后，Josh非常愿意尝试新事物。因此电影的主要内容是关于Josh如何通过一只名叫Lyle的鳄鱼的帮助来适应他的新学校的。故选C。 √ 3．How did Ben's Lyle affect Winslow? A．It challenged him to act against a pre­recorded voice. B．It simplified the process of working with special effects. C．It allowed him to practice communicating with a crocodile. D．It enabled him to perform better in his role. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第四段“ But Winslow said it was a ‘man in a suit’，actor Ben Palacios, who brought adult Lyle to life on the set.This made it easier for Winslow to get into character.”可知，Winslow Fegley 描述与穿着鳄鱼服装的演员Ben Palacios互动使得他能够在现场与一个真人合作，这样的互动帮助他更好地进入角色并提升表演。故选D。 √ 4．What does Winslow Fegley admire about the film's special effects team? A．Their work with actor Ben Palacios. B．Their creation of a lovable character. C．Their ability to make Lyle look harmless. D．Their contribution to the film's music. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第五段“‘All of the people who worked on the special effects have done an amazing job，’ he said.‘It's not just making Lyle look realistic, but making him a lovable character.It's really easy to fall in love with him.’”可推断出，Winslow欣赏特效团队创造了一个更容易让观众喜爱的角色。故选B。 √ B (2025·江西临川一中高二上期中)Many diseases and medical conditions are caused by things out of our control.Yet experts say you can control and even prevent many of the factors that increase your chances of dying.Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and strokes.So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake.But there is something else you can do.And it is free and easy.Smile! Anand Chockalingam is a heart disease specialist at University of Missouri Health Care in Columbia, Missouri.He advises his patients to smile.“When we smile, the brain wiring gets altered.The chemicals that are released are more positive.” He says smiling is the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and sometimes the stress has harmful effects on human health.This is not just New Age advice.Several studies support Dr.Chockalingam's prescription­smile more. Disorders of the heart and blood vessels (血管) are the number one cause of death around the world.The main causes of heart attacks and strokes are blockages in blood vessels.They prevent blood from flowing to the heart or the brain.When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (激素) that increase your heart rate and blood pressure.Cortisol is the body's main stress hormone.It increases sugar in the bloodstream.If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you.They are part of what we call our fight­or­flight response.However, when you are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones may lead to health problems. Dr.Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help.He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour.To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling.Or some might even feel foolish...smiling for seemingly no reason.But a smile does not involve drugs.It is free and it has no bad side effects. “Once people smile, they are relaxed.This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, and improves sugar levels in the blood.If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了微笑可以预防、控制死亡因素，改善心血管状态，对健康有好处。 5．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To stop people from drinking too much alcohol. B．To show the importance of leading a healthy lifestyle. C．To show some factors that can increase the chance of dying. D．To introduce a free and easy way to control the factors of dying. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“But there is something else you can do.And it is free and easy.Smile！”因此，第一段作者想引出一种可以控制死亡因素的简单且免费的方法——微笑。故选D。 √ 6．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．The patients who smile can get altered. B．Smiling can add to physical and emotional stress. C．Physical and emotional stress must have bad effects. D．When people smile, there will be positive chemicals produced. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When we smile, the brain wiring gets altered.The chemicals that are released are more positive.”可知，我们可以从第二段了解到当人们微笑时，就会产生积极的化学物质。故选D。 √ 7．Which of the following statements is reasonable? A．The smiling patients are foolish. B．Heart attacks and strokes don't cause death. C．The stress hormones may lead to different results, good or bad. D．When you feel stressed, the body releases many beneficial hormones. 解析：选C。细节理解题。由第三段中的“If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you...However, when you are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones may lead to health problems.”可知，压力激素可能会导致不同的结果，有好有坏。故选C。 √ 8．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Smiling makes you relaxed. B．You should lead a happy life. C．Smiling is beneficial to your health. D．You should stop leading the unhealthy life. 解析：选C。主旨大意题。根据最后一段的总结“Once people smile, they are relaxed.This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, and improves sugar levels in the blood.If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health.”由此可知，全文围绕“微笑”与“改善心血管状态和对健康的好处”进行阐述，故文章的主旨是微笑对你的健康有益。故选 C。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·山东多校高二上期中)For the most part, anxiety is a condition that comes and goes.But for some, anxiety never goes away completely.1( )．The good one is that you can manage the symptoms (症状), so they don't manage you.Here are some things you can do on any given day to get on the right side of calm. Find an object to focus on A simple grounding exercise is to simply find an object and put all your attention towards studying it for a few minutes.Once you pick an object, start thinking about its look: color, shape, and texture.Who made it? How does it feel when you touch it？2( )． 3( ) If you're prone (易于遭受) to anxiety, keep a diary where you can write what you're afraid of, your beliefs and thoughts about the fear.Writing will help you focus your thoughts, and reading your entry later can help you handle your anxiety better. Challenge and replace unrealistic thoughts 4( )．Identify your anxiety­producing unrealistic thoughts and replace them with thoughts that are either happy and peaceful, or more realistic.If you respond better to positivity, try replacing those fears with a happy thought—like how excited you are to go on a trip with your friends, and how fun it's going to be! Talk to someone about your anxiety If you're in the struggles of anxiety and can't seem to get out, call a friend, a family member or a mental health professional for help.Have them distract you from your panic and talk through your fear so you can overcome the stress.5( )． A．That's the bad news B．Put your feelings down C．Control your inner dialogue D．Best of all, you can get things done E．Remind yourself that your thoughts are not facts F．This exercise helps ground you in reality and pushes aside any stresses G．Knowing who to ask for help is an important step in avoiding serious problems later [语篇解读]本文是说明文。介绍了一些控制焦虑的具体方法。 1．解析：选A。设空处承上启下，起过渡作用。前文提到某些人会一直觉得焦虑，后文提到好消息是你可以控制症状。其中关键词是后文的The good one，对应A项中的“the bad news”符合语境。故选A。 2．解析：选F。设空处总结本段。前文具体介绍了如何通过关注一个物体来缓解焦虑的一个简单的练习。这里需要解释这个练习的效果，因此F项符合语境，总结本段。故选F。 3．解析：选B。设空处是段落标题，统领段落内容，且需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式。本段描述：如果你容易焦虑，在日记上写下你害怕什么、你对恐惧的信念和想法。因此B项符合语境，概括本段内容。故选B。 4．解析：选E。设空处引出后文。本段标题是：挑战和取代不现实的想法。后文建议你找出产生焦虑的不切实际的想法，用快乐、平和或更现实的想法取代它们。因此E项符合语境，呼应标题，引出后文，其中的not facts和前后文的unrealistic呼应。故选E。 5．解析：选G。设空处承接前文。前文建议你向朋友、家人或心理健康专家求助，说出自己的焦虑，并指出这样做的好处。这里应该会点明这一做法的重要性，因此G项符合语境，承接前文。故选G。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Early this summer, the city of Shenyang 1 (play) host to a major comedy event.The first China (Shenyang) Comedy Film Week, 2 was a five­day celebration of humor and film, concluded on the evening of June 11, drawing significant attention to the Northeast region. “By 3 (use) comedy films as a medium, we invited famous comedy stars and showcased high­scoring classics 4 (bring) joy to Shenyang and celebrate this festive event，” says Deng Song, deputy director of the Publicity Department of the CPC Shenyang Municipal Committee. The event began with song and dance performances, which repeatedly brought the audience to their feet. During the event, eight cinemas in Shenyang screened 15 classic comedy films, including Johnny Keep Walking, If You Are the One，5 Goodbye Mr Loser.Lin Zhenyu, chief director of the opening and closing ceremonies of the event, says these 15 films were 6 (careful) selected, featuring early realistic comedies, Golden Rooster Award winners, and recent hits with great 7 (review) and box office success. In 8 (add) to movie screenings, the Comedy Film Week offered 9 wide range of activities.Filmmakers visited various cultural and tourist landmarks in the city, interacting closely 10 fans.They explored places like the Shenyang Imperial Palace, Zhongjie Street and the Xita Food Street. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了首届中国(沈阳)喜剧电影周。 1．解析：played。考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，设空处是句子的谓语动词。根据空前的时间状语Early this summer可知，此处要用一般过去时。故填played。 2．解析：which。考查定语从句。设空处引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰的先行词为The first China (Shenyang) Comedy Film Week，指物，先行词在从句中作主语，要用关系代词which。故填which。 3．解析：using。考查非谓语动词。此处用所给动词的动名词形式作介词By的宾语。故填using。 4．解析：to bring。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，句子的谓语动词是invited和showcased。设空处是非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，要用不定式形式。故填to bring。 5．解析：and。考查连词。设空前的Johnny Keep Walking, If You Are the One和空后的Goodbye Mr Loser为并列关系，是三部电影的名字，要用并列连词and连接。故填and。 6．解析：carefully。考查副词。此处要用副词形式carefully作状语修饰空后的动词selected。故填carefully。 7．解析：reviews。考查名词复数。review作介词with的宾语，review为可数名词，数量超过一，要用所给名词的复数形式。故填reviews。 8．解析：addition。考查固定短语。in addition to“除了……之外”，为固定短语。故填addition。 9．解析：a。考查冠词。a wide range of意为“广泛的”，为固定短语。故填a。 10．解析：with。考查介词。interact with sb.意为“与某人互动”，为固定搭配。故填with。 $