UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修1同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

Xiaohe grew up watching her grandfather, a hard­working farmer, tackle the challenges of working the land.Despite facing poverty and occasional crises like poor weather, he never gave up.He taught Xiaohe the importance of healthy soil and how to boost its fertility using organic methods instead of relying on chemicals.He believed that minerals and natural nutrients were essential for a good yield.Through intense effort, he managed to overcome difficulties and attain a sustainable farm.His fields now comprise a variety of crops, generating both food and income.Xiaohe learned to digest his wisdom, understanding that the roots of success lie in patience and respect for nature. Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking Step One　Lead­in Do you know anything about Yuan Longping? Yuan Longping was a Chinese scientist known as the “father of hybrid rice.” He developed the world's first high­yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973, which significantly increased rice production.His work helped feed nearly one­fifth of the world's population with less than 9% of the world's cultivable land. Step Two　Read for the main idea 1．Match the main idea with each part. Part 1 (Para.1) A.Yuan's ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams. Part 2 (Paras.2－4) B.Yuan's attitude towards life, celebrity and wealth. Part 3 (Para.5) C.A brief introduction to Yuan Longping. Part 4 (Para.6) D.Yuan's personal life and his scientific achievements. 答案：1～4　CDBA 2．What's the main idea of the text? A．Ways to increase the rice output. B．Yuan Longping's dreams. C．Yuan Longping's super hybrid rice. D．Yuan Longping—an agricultural pioneer. 答案：D Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercise. Why did Yuan Longping consider himself a farmer? A．He was born in a farming family. B．He was known as the “father of hybrid rice”． C．He was educated at an agricultural college. D．He continually worked the land in his research. 答案：D Ⅱ.Read Paras.2－4 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Why did Yuan decide to study agriculture? He wanted to deal with the crisis of food shortage. 2．What is the main advantage of hybrid crops? The main advantage of hybrid crops is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops． 3．How has Yuan's work helped China and other countries? A．Yuan donated his rice to farmers at home and abroad. B．Yuan helped farmers at home and abroad study agriculture. C．It helped farmers produce more rice to feed the world. D．It helped farmers make a lot of money. 答案：C Ⅲ.Read Paras.5－6 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What was Yuan Longping's attitude towards celebrity and money? He was not interested in celebrity or money. 2．What does the word “envisioned” mean in Paragraph 6? A．Saw. B．Heard. C．Touched. D．Imagined. 答案：D 3．What can we know from Paragraph 6? A．Yuan enjoyed his life of leisure in his later years. B．Yuan received many awards both in China and abroad. C．Yuan's seawater rice became a reality. D．Yuan dreamed to plant hybrid rice in India and Vietnam. 答案：C Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following questions with your partners and present your answer to the class. 1．What should we learn from great scientists like Yuan Longping? 2．If you had the chance to do something to help end hunger in the world, what would you do? Your presentation： We should learn the spirit of perseverance, innovation, and commitment from them.Yuan Longping's devotion to improving food security through hybrid rice teaches us the importance of using knowledge to benefit humans.If I had the chance to help end hunger, I would promote sustainable farming practices and support education in agriculture.By equipping farmers with modern techniques and raising awareness of reducing food waste, we can work together to create a world where no one goes hungry. ◎ A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice①”， was one of China's most famous scientists.Yet, he considered himself a farmer ② because he continually worked the land in his research.[1]Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted③ his life. [1]是复合句。句中that为代词， 指代本句中的body; to whom为“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句， 先行词是farmers, 关系代词whom在从句中作介词to的宾语。 Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine.[2]However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage④ of food to eat.To tackle⑤ this crisis⑥， he chose⑦ to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. [2]是复合句。句中what引导主语从句； that引导表语从句， 在表语从句中， and连接两个并列谓语。 After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher.Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution.Instead, farmers needed to boost⑧ yields⑨ in the fields they had.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.Yuan was convinced⑩ that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.A hybrid is a cross⑪ between two or more varieties of a species.One characteristic⑫ of hybrids is that they usually attain⑬ a higher yield than conventional⑭ crops.[3]However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self­pollinating⑮ plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.The common assumption⑯ then was that it could not be done.Through intense⑰ effort, Yuan overcame⑱ enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.This hybrid enabled farmers to expand⑲ their output⑳ greatly. [3]是复合句。whether引导主语从句， it was possible to...为it作形式主语的句型。 [4]Today, it is estimated㉑ that about 60 percent of domestic㉒ rice consumption㉓ in China is comprised of㉔ crops generated㉕ from Yuan's hybrid strains㉖, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam.Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping received numerous awards both in China and abroad. [4]是固定句型： it is＋过去分词＋that“据……”， 其中it是形式主语， that 引导的主语从句是真正的主语， that从句中包含了两个由and连接的并列句。 Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure㉗.However, this is far from the case.Deep down㉘, Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart.As a man of the soil㉙, he cared little for celebrity㉚ or money.Instead, he made large donations to support agricultural research. [5]What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams㉛.Long ago, he envisioned㉜ rice plants as tall as sorghum㉝, with each ear of rice as big as a broom㉞, and each grain㉟ of rice as huge as a peanut.He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad㊱.His later vision㊲ for “seawater rice” also became a reality㊳, and potentially opened up㊴ nearly one million square kilometres of salty㊵ land in China for rice production.Even in his later years, Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone was always excited to see what he would dream up next. [5]是复合句。What引导主语从句， 且在主语从句中作主语， to fulfil his dreams为不定式短语作后置定语修饰抽象名词ability。 ◎ ①hybrid n．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车 hybrid rice 杂交水稻 ②consider sb/sth (to be)＋n.认为……是某物 ③devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于 devote...to...把……用于； 献身；致力；专心 ④shortage n．不足； 缺少；短缺 ⑤tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 ⑥crisis n．危机； 危急关头(pl.crises) ⑦choose(chose; chosen) vt.选择 choose to do sth 选择做某事 ⑧boost vt.使增长；使兴旺n.增长；提高；激励 ⑨yield n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步 ⑩convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 convinced adj.确信的； 确定的 ⑪cross n．混合物； 杂交品种 ⑫characteristic n．特征；特点； 品质adj.典型的；独特的 ⑬attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到；达到(某年龄、水平、状况) ⑭conventional adj.传统的；习惯的 ⑮self­pollinating adj.自花传粉的 ⑯assumption n．假定； 设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得 ⑰intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 ⑱overcome (overcame, overcome) vt.克服； 解决； 战胜 ⑲expand v．扩大；增加；扩展；发展(业务) ⑳output n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output, output) 输出 ㉑estimate vt./n.估计；估价；估算 ㉒domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 ㉓consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费 ㉔comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成 be comprised of...包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) ㉕generate vt.产生；引起 ㉖strain n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力 ㉗leisure n．闲暇； 休闲； 空闲 ㉘deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 ㉙soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土 ㉚celebrity n．名望；名誉；名人；名流 ㉛fulfil one's dream实现某人的梦想 ㉜envision vt.展望；想象 ㉝sorghum n．高粱；高粱米 ㉞broom n．扫把； 扫帚；金雀花 ㉟grain n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒 ㊱at home and abroad国内外 ㊲vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像 ㊳reality n．现实；实际情况；事实 ㊴open up 开辟； 打开 ㊵salty adj.含盐的；咸的 ◎ 造福全人类的开拓者 被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他把自己看作一位农民，因为在研究过程中他一直在土地里耕作。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献一生的千千万万的中国农民无异。 袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学职业，然而，他最担心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。为了应对这一危机，他选择学习农业，在位于重庆的西南农学院接受教育。 1953年大学毕业后，他成为一名科研人员。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。杂交指的是两个或者两个以上品种的交叉。杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。历尽千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。这种杂交水稻极大地提高了农民的产量。 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。袁隆平的创新不仅养活了中国，也养活了以稻米为主食的许多其他国家，如印度和越南。袁隆平凭其不可估量的贡献，在国内外获奖无数。 鉴于袁隆平因开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。但是，事实远非如此，实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。身为土地之子，他不在乎名利，反而捐赠巨资支持农业研究。 袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很早以前，他就设想水稻长得与高粱一样高，每支稻穗与扫帚一样大，每粒稻米与花生一样饱满。他成功培育出能够养活海内外更多人的水稻品种。他晚年的“海水稻”愿景也已经成为现实，有望在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地用于水稻生产。在袁隆平晚年的时候，他仍然保持年轻的心态，而且满怀憧憬，大家都期待他的下一个不同寻常的想法。 devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(联想：devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的 devotion n．奉献；关爱) 【教材原句】　Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献一生的千千万万的中国农民无异。 【用法归纳】 devote...to (doing) sth 把(时间、精力或注意力)投入、用于(做)某事 devote oneself to＝be devoted to 献身于；专心致力于(to是介词) 【佳句必背】　I still remember what you have devoted to improving my oral English and writing skills.(应用文之感谢信) 我仍然记得你为提高我的英语口语和写作技能所付出的努力。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Now, she is a model and performance artist devoted (devote) to ocean conservation. ②He devoted all his energy to learning (learn) and his hard work paid off. 【写成佳句】　同义句转换 ③The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children，so she has little time to care for her own daughter. →Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语) →Devoted to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语) convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服(联想：convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的 convinced adj.确信的；信服的) 【教材原句】　Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 【用法归纳】 (1)convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 convince sb that... 使某人确信…… (2)be convinced of sth/that... 确信…… 【佳句必背】　I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky enough to get the position.(应用文之申请信) 我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大努力履行职责。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)My teacher convinced me to take (take) up the challenge so I decided to participate in the writing competition. ②You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. ③There is convincing (convince) evidence of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(读后续写之主旨升华)我坚信诚实的重要性，诚实有助于构建一个温暖和谐的社会。 I'm firmly convinced of the significance of honesty，which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society. assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得(联想：assume v．假定；设想；承担；假装 assuming conj.假设……为真；假如 assumed adj.假定的；假设的) 【教材原句】　The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。 【用法归纳】 (1)on the assumption that... 假定…… make an assumption 作出臆断 (2)It is assumed that... 人们认为…… (3)assuming (that)... 假设…… (4)assumed name 化名 【佳句必背】　On the assumption that/Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Union，I will organize more colorful after­class activities to enrich our school life.(应用文之申请信) 假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以充实我们的学校生活。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume (assumption) all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. ②We make an assumption that everyone invited will turn up at the party and is making preparations. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③(读后续写之语言描写)“假设你对自己的课程保持着强烈的兴趣，你无疑将能够把你的梦想变成现实。”老师们反复告诉他们。 “Assuming you maintain an intense interest in your lessons，you will undoubtedly be able to turn your dream into reality，” the teachers have told them repeatedly. overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜 【教材原句】　Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 历尽千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。 【用法归纳】 overcome the enemy 战胜敌人 overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems/resistance 克服困难/克服障碍/解决难题/克服阻力 be overcome by joy/curiosity 受喜悦/好奇心驱使 【佳句必背】　Since most students encounter such difficulties in English learning very frequently, they are anxious to know how to overcome them.(应用文之邀请信) 因为大多数学生频繁遇到这类困难，他们都急于知道如何克服这些困难。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Overcome (overcome) by great joy，they hugged together firmly as if they would never separate again. ②I took pride in myself because I overcame (overcome) myself.I came to realize that where there's a will, there is a way. ③Once the difficulty is overcome (overcome)，the project will go smoothly and we will finish it on time. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(读后续写之人物描写)她凭借巨大的勇气和出色的专业技能，克服重重困难，最终赢得了比赛。 It is with great courage and outstanding professional skills that she overcame all the difficulties and finally won the competition. expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加(尺码、数量或重要性) vt.扩展；发展(业务) vi.详述(联想：expansion n．扩大，增加) 【教材原句】　This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. 这种杂交水稻极大地提高了农民的产量。 【用法归纳】 expand one's horizons 开阔眼界 expand one's knowledge 拓宽知识面 expand one's vocabulary 扩大词汇量 expand the business 扩展业务 expand...into... 把……扩展/发展成…… expand on 详细阐述；进一步说明 【佳句必背】　What matters most is the opportunity to expand my horizons as well as make more new friends.(应用文之建议信) 最重要的是开阔视野和结交更多新朋友的机会。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Plans to expand (expand) the company have had to be quietly left hanging. ②I am quite satisfied with your explanation, so there's no need to expand on it. ③All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion (expand) as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods, knowledge and ideas. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(读后续写之动作描写)通过不断努力，他的工作室发展为一家大公司了。 Through continuous effort，his studio was expanded into a big company． estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算(联想：estimated adj.估计的；预计的 estimation n．估计；评价 underestimate v．低估 overestimate v．高估) 【教材原句】　Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。 【用法归纳】 (1)a rough estimate of sth 对……的粗略估算 a conservative estimate 保守估计 (2)It is estimated that... 据估算…… be estimated to do sth 据估计会做某事 【佳句必背】　They estimate that the journey will take at least two weeks, considering the distance, potential weather conditions, and the need for rest stops along the way.(读后续写之动作描写) 考虑到距离、可能的天气状况以及沿途需要休息的情况，他们估计这次旅行至少需要两周时间。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①It is difficult to estimate (estimate) how many animals lost their lives in the forest fire. ②(2022·全国甲卷)The total value of the lost items is estimated to exceed (exceed) $1 billion. ③I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need. ④It is estimated (estimate) that the project will last four years，facing challenges like funding. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤据估计，过去十年中这一濒危物种的数量下降了30%。 The population of the endangered species is estimated to have dropped by 30% in the last decade. ⑥如今，人们一年四季都在吃盐水鸭，据估计在南京每天有几万只鸭子被吃掉！ Nowadays，people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed in Nanjing every day! comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 【教材原句】　Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。 【用法归纳】 (1)be comprised/composed of ＝consist of＝be made up of 由……组成 (2)comprise＝include＝contain 包括；包含 【佳句必背】　Groups are comprised of two or more people who come together based on shared interests, goals, or common characteristics.(应用文之报道) 小组由两人或两人以上具有共同兴趣、目标或特点的人组成。 【练透考点】　 单句语法填空 ①The rescue team is comprised of eight soldiers and two doctors. ②The coming­of­age ceremony held yesterday was comprised (comprise) of three parts—raising the national flag and singing the national anthem, speeches and the closing ceremony. 【写成佳句】　一句多译 ③由专家和医务人员组成的医疗小组在地震后不久就抵达了现场。 →A medical team comprised of experts and medical staff arrived at the scene shortly after the earthquake.(comprise) →A medical team made up of experts and medical staff arrived at the scene shortly after the earthquake.(make) →A medical team consisting of experts and medical staff arrived at the scene shortly after the earthquake.(consist) given that 引导状语从句，意为“假如；考虑到；鉴于” 【教材原句】　Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.鉴于袁隆平因开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。 【用法归纳】 (1)given that引导状语从句，可根据语境意为“考虑到、鉴于、假如、如果、只要、在有……的情况下”，其中that可以省略； (2)其他同义表达有considering(鉴于、考虑到)、supposing(假如)、assuming(假使)、as long as(既然)等。 【佳句必背】　Usually, I am sensitive with money, as I have to be，given that I don't earn that much.(读后续写之心理描写) 考虑到自己挣得不多，我用钱通常比较精打细算，这也是迫不得已。 【写成佳句】　完成句子/一句多译 ①鉴于他们经验不足，他们做得相当不错了。 Given that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job. ②(应用文之建议信)鉴于你要参加中国诗歌朗诵比赛，我想给你提供一些实用的建议。 →Given that you will take part in a Chinese poetry reciting contest，I'd like to offer you some practical advice. →As long as you will take part in a Chinese poetry reciting contest，I'd like to offer you some practical advice. →Considering (that) you will take part in a Chinese poetry reciting contest，I'd like to offer you some practical advice. 1．boost A．n.激励　B．n.增长　C．n.提高　 D．v.使增长　E．v.促进 ①These changes will help to boost food prices. D ②This has given clothing prices a big boost. B ③This measure will be a great boost to the economy. A ④(2025·八省联考)The researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. C ⑤(2025·浙江首考)Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce storm water runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. E 2．写出句中加黑单词的词性及汉语意思 ①I will never yield to the temporary difficulties I am facing now.v.屈服；让步 ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate.n.估计，估算 [课后分层练13] (时间：45分钟　满分：80分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共10分) 1．In order to expand (增加) my knowledge of Tianjin, such as its history, tradition and food, I spend every spare moment I have in the library. 2．The construction of China Space Station shows our country has attained (获得) great success in space science. 3．The wind farm may be able to generate (产生) enough electricity power for 2，000 homes. 4．Nowadays global water shortages (短缺) are becoming increasingly serious. 5．Let me share with you the ancient Chinese celebrity (名人) I like best. 6．Family members will gather together and many conventional (传统的) activities will be carried out. 7．We can surely overcome (克服) these difficulties as long as we are closely united. 8．Undoubtedly, smart products make communication convenient and leisure (闲暇) time colourful. 9．(2024·北京卷)There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output (输出) of computation. 10．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming (消耗) digital content. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．No matter what difficulties I meet, I'll gather up my courage to overcome (overcome) them. 2．My calculations were based on the assumption (assume) that house prices would remain steady. 3．I found his speech convincing (convince) in which he called on more people to take regular exercise. 4．Some famous artists, including Mr Li, have been devoted (devote) to Beijing Opera for twenty years. 5．A shortage (short) of medicine and medical workers meant that many soldiers would die without being treated. 6．The team comprised (comprise) of five students occupy themselves in preparing for the Chinese Speech Competition. 7．Given (give) that the price is appropriate, we'll buy everything you produce. 8．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Travel promotes understanding, expands (expand) our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 9．(2024·北京卷)In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts (boost) self­control, just as it boosts problem­solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. 10．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional (convention) veterinarian. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．我将尽一切努力照顾好我年迈的祖父，因为他把一生中的大部分时间都用来养育两代人。(devote) I will make every effort to take good care of my aged grandfather because he has devoted most of his life to bringing up two generations. 2．这不仅会提高中国消费者的福利， 也可以使中国的发展更均衡。 Not only will this improve the welfare of China's consumers, but also make China's development more balanced. 3．我认为这幅画告诉我们：一个人的理想和现实之间似乎总是有差距的。 I think the picture is telling us that there always seems to be a difference between one's dream and reality． 4．考虑到没人帮我们吓走北极熊， 我们只得自救。 Given that no one helped us frighten away the polar bear, we had no alternative but to figure out a way ourselves. 5．我坚信您的建议将有助于我们取得良好的表现，因此我真诚地希望您能够帮助我们。(convince) Convinced that your advice will contribute to our good performance, I sincerely hope you can help us. Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Yuan Longping, 1 known (know) as the“father of hybrid rice”， considered himself a farmer.When he was young, 2 what concerned him most was farmers' 3 shortage (short) of food to eat, so he chose to study agriculture at college.After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher and devoted himself to 4 creating (create) a kind of hybrid rice, which could attain a 5 higher (high) yield.In 1974, he succeeded in making it 6 a reality.Today, about 60% of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops 7 generated (generate) from his hybrid strains, for which he received numerous awards both in China and abroad.But the humorous old “farmer”， caring little 8 for celebrity or money, insisted on living a simple life.Even in his 9 later (late) years, he kept trying 10 to fulfill (fulfill) his dreams of ridding the world of hunger. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·安徽合肥检测)In early August, the sandy hills along the coast of La Libertad, in northern Peru, are alive with bluish­purple fruit.The region, thought unsuitable for blueberries just over a decade ago, is now placing Peru at the forefront of the global blueberry market. Alvaro Espinoza, an agricultural engineer, was among the first to experiment with blueberries in Peru 15 years ago, when the fruit was unknown in the country.“People called me crazy，” he recalls.Since then, Peru's blueberry industry has been growing rapidly, from planting only a few hundred acres of blueberries in 2012 to the world's top exporter of fresh blueberries for the last five years. Inspired by the success of their Chilean neighbors, Peruvian entrepreneurs began exploring a local blueberry market in the early 2000s.However, conventional wisdom held that blueberries needed temperatures below 45℉ to thrive, which the Peruvian coast lacks. Peruvian entrepreneur Carlos Gereda, a pioneer in the industry, began travelling to Chile in 2006 to learn about blueberries.On one of his trips, he brought back 14 varieties to test in Peru's desert.It took him two years to find the right one, named Biloxi.With this variety identified, he invested $300 to start a company that became a Peruvian blueberry leader, helping Peru's blueberry industry expand to over 49，000 acres.Today, Peru exports over twice as many blueberries as its nearest competitors, with over half heading to the US, where the country supplies 40% of fresh imports. But last year, this boom faced its first setback.A major heat wave driven by an El Nino event hit northern Peru, severely damaging blueberry crops and causing a 25% drop in production.This experience has accelerated efforts to develop new, genetically improved blueberry varieties that can thrive in even hotter climates.To create these robust varieties, scientists develop new seeds and evaluate them over years to select the best individuals.They aim to create heat­tolerant plants and produce “jumbo” berries—one inch or larger—to meet global demand. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。秘鲁蓝莓产业快速增长，成为全球最大出口国，尽管面临气候变化带来的挑战，科学家们正在开发耐热的蓝莓新品种以应对未来的气候变化。 1．Why did people initially think blueberries couldn't grow in Peru? A．The soil was too salty for blueberries. B．The climate was thought to be unsuitable. C．Peru lacked the right equipment for farming. D．Blueberries were unknown to people in the country. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, conventional wisdom held that blueberries needed temperatures below 45℉ to thrive, which the Peruvian coast lacks.”可知，人们最初认为蓝莓不能在秘鲁生长是因为人们认为气候不适宜。故选B。 2．How did Carlos Gerda contribute to Peru's blueberry industry? A．He promoted Pera's blueberries in global markets. B．He found a suitable blueberry variety for Peruvian climate. C．He carried out researches into blueberry farming in the US. D．He created heat­tolerant plants and produced “jumbo” berries. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的可知，Carlos Gereda找到了适合秘鲁气候的蓝莓品种，为秘鲁蓝莓产业做出了贡献。故选B。 3．What major challenge did Peru's blueberry industry face last year? A．A shortage of new blueberry varieties. B．A new competitor entering the market. C.Unusually hot temperature reducing the blueberry output. D．A significant decrease in global demand for fresh blueberries. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的第一、二句可知，去年异常高温导致蓝莓产量下降。故选C。 4．What does the underlined word “robust” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Fast­growing. B．Good­quality. C．High in demand. D．Strong and adaptable. 解析：选D。词句猜测题。根据最后一段中可知，这里指的是能够在极端气候条件下生长并且恢复的能力，即强大且具有适应性的植物。因此，robust意思是“健壮的，适应性强的”，与选项D“Strong and adaptable (强壮且适应性强)”意思相符。故选D。 B (2025·福建宁德检测)From Scotland to Cornwall, an organic, regenerative collective of the UK farmers is looking to pair up with sustainable businesses that need access to land and tools.Pitch Up！was founded in 2021 by Tim May, of Kingsclere Estates farm in Hampshire．It offers land, resources and expertise to businesses with big ideas for sustainable projects—in other words, “no gear (设备), all the ideas”．The idea is to replicate nature's “closed loop” system, with waste being reused to create a thriving circular farming community. “Our goal is to have a diverse mix of enterprises all operating off the land—using each other's by­products or waste, and sharing knowledge, equipment and experience，” says May.“Nature thrives on diversity; it also fuels economic resilience, helps create a closed­loop system, and builds stronger rural communities.As farmers, we have an abundance of land and natural resources, and we want to share those resources and bring more people on to the land.” Pitch Up！has already helped to launch a handful of businesses.Balcaskie Estate covers 2，000 hectares of land in Fife, Scotland, and has hosted markets, a butchery, and pop­ups by Scotland The Bread, an organisation that works to get more people eating better bread. Rosie Jack, Balcaskie's business development manager, says, “We know that there's a real demand for rural land so our message is, ‘We have land, come and use it！’ We really do welcome approaches from businesses of all shapes and sizes.” This year, the Pitch Up！farming collective is keen to hear from entrepreneurs who want to use pasture land, organic milk, oats and grain, animal hides, woad, wool and even hedgerows for foraging. “We are looking for sustainable businesses at all stages of the business life cycle, but particularly those that have an idea of how they can fit into the circular systems in place at a Pitch Up！farm，” says May.“It might be a cheese maker for example, who can add value by using the organic milk from the mobile dairy business here.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国一个名为Pitch Up！的有机再生农业集体，它为可持续发展企业提供土地等资源，旨在打造多元化合作的循环农业社区，并已取得一定成果。 5．What does Pitch Up！offer to sustainable businesses? A．Organic food. B．Farming resources. C．Money and staff. D．Tools and workers. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Pitch Up！为可持续发展企业提供农业资源。故选B。 6．What's May's vision for Pitch Up！？ A．A single big company. B．More land for farming. C．Only eco­friendly farms. D．Various businesses working together. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中May的话可知，May对Pitch Up！的愿景是让各种企业共同合作。故选D项。 7．Why was Balcaskie Estate mentioned in the text? A．For selling land. B．Due to program failure. C．For bread promotion. D．As a successful case of Pitch Up! 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第三段“Pitch Up！has already helped to launch a handful of businesses.Balcaskie Estate covers 2，000 hectares of land in Fife, Scotland, and has hosted markets, a butchery, and pop­ups by Scotland The Bread, an organisation that works to get more people eating better bread.”可知，提到Balcaskie Estate是作为Pitch Up！成功帮助企业发展的一个案例。故选D。 8．What does May want to convey in the last paragraph? A．Cooperation expectation. B．The importance of circular systems. C．A demand for a cheese maker. D．Value of Pitch Up! 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中May的话可推知，May在传达对合作的期待。故选A项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) The Scientific Contributions of Marie Curie Marie Curie was a pioneering scientist whose research in the field of radioactivity 1 the way for numerous scientific advancements. 2 facing significant challenges as a woman in a male­dominated field, Curie became the first person ever to win two Nobel Prizes in different scientific 3 —physics and chemistry. Curie's interest in science began at a young age, but 4 the restrictions placed on women in Poland at the time, she was unable to 5 higher education in her home country.Determined to follow her 6 ， she moved to Paris in 1891 to study at the prestigious (有声望的) Sorbonne University.There, she earned degrees 7 physics and mathematics and met her future husband and research partner, Pierre Curie. Together, the Curies conducted 8 research on radioactivity, a term that Marie Curie herself 9 ．In 1898, they discovered two new radioactive elements, polonium—named after Marie's native country Poland—and radium. Following Pierre's untimely death in 1906, Marie continued her research, eventually 10 pure radium metal in 1910.For this achievement, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, making her the first person to win two Nobel Prizes.Her discoveries had significant practical applications, 11 in the field of medicine. In addition to her scientific contributions, Marie Curie was a trailblazer (先驱) for women in science.At a time when women were often 12 from academic and scientific institutions, Curie broke barriers and became the first female professor at the Sorbonne.Her perseverance, 13 ， and passion for discovery continue to inspire generations of scientists, especially women in STEM fields.Despite the personal 14 she made—such as the health problems she suffered because of prolonged exposure to radiation—Marie Curie's contributions to science and humanity remain 15 ． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了居里夫人对科学的热爱以及贡献。 1． A．paved B．built C．created D．took 解析：选A。根据上文“Marie Curie was a pioneering scientist whose research in the field of radioactivity”和常识可知，居里夫人为科学进步铺平了道路，故选A。 2． A．Whether B．Although C．When D．Unless 解析：选B。根据下文可知句子前后两部分为转折关系，所以用Although引导让步状语从句，故选B。 3． A．approaches B．methods C．abilities D．disciplines 解析：选D。根据下文“physics and chemistry”可知是不同的学科领域，故选D。 4． A．thanks to B．above all C．due to D．apart from 解析：选C。根据下文可知是由于对妇女的限制，居里夫人无法接受高等教育，thanks to侧重于感谢，due to侧重于一般原因，故选C。 5． A．transform B．pursue C．inquire D．quit 解析：选B。根据上文“the restrictions placed on women in Poland at the time”可知是无法追求高等教育，故选B。 6． A．passion B．liberation C．power D．advice 解析：选A。根据上文“Curie's interest in science began at a young age”和下文“she moved to Paris in 1891 to study at the prestigious (有声望的) Sorbonne University”可知，为了科学她搬到了巴黎，说明是追随自己的热情，故选A。 7． A．for B．on C．in D．of 解析：选C。根据下文“physics and mathematics”可知，居里夫人在这两个学科方面获得了学位，故选C。 8． A．breathtaking B．groundbreaking C．painstaking D．underlying 解析：选B。根据文章第一句“Marie Curie was a pioneering scientist whose research in the field of radioactivity”可知，居里夫妇对放射性进行了开创性的研究，故选B。 9． A．copied B．discovered C．encountered D．coined 解析：选D。根据上文可知是对放射性进行了开创性的研究，所以这个术语是她自己创造的，故选D。 10． A．inventing B．delivering C．isolating D．launching 解析：选C。根据下文“pure radium metal in 1910”和常识可知是分离出纯镭金属，故选C。 11． A．particularly B．essentially C．basically D．extremely 解析：选A。根据上文“Her discoveries had significant practical applications”和下文“in the field of medicine”可知，纯镭金属尤其对医学领域很重要，故选A。 12． A．included B．excluded C．concluded D．secluded 解析：选B。根据上文“facing significant challenges as a woman in a male­dominated field”可知，那个时代女性经常被排除在学术和科学机构之外，故选B。 13． A．dedication B．arrogance C．ignorance D．inflexibility 解析：选A。空处与“perseverance”和“passion”并列，可知应是奉献，故选A。 14． A．efforts B．effects C．attempts D．sacrifices 解析：选D。根据下文“such as the health problems she suffered because of prolonged exposure to radiation”可知这里说的是居里夫人做出的牺牲，故选D。 15． A．worthless B．unnoticed C．invaluable D．meaningless 解析：选C。根据下文以及前后的转折关系，可知居里夫人对科学和人类的贡献仍然是无价的，故选C。 Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language— Subject clauses 分析下列课文原句 1．What Yuan Longping really cared about was not money or celebrity. 2．That Yuan Longping had realised his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world. 3．It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping had realised his dream of developing seawater rice. 4．However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 5．How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. 6．However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self­pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. 7．What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. 【我的感悟】 句中黑体部分在句中充当句子的主语；其中，在第4句中，it作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。 一、主语从句的定义 如果一个从句在句子中充当主语，那么这个从句就是主语从句。主语从句通常放在主句的谓语动词之前，有时也由形式主语it代替，而从句本身放在句子末尾。 ① That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。 ② Whether they would support us was still a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 ③What impressed me most was that they had all suffered a lot. 让我印象最深刻的是他们都受过很多苦。 ④It worried the mother that her son was always playing computer games. 儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这位母亲很担心。 二、主语从句的引导词 类别 例词 说明 连接词 that，whether 两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether表示“是否” 连接 代词 who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分 连接 副词 when，where， how，why等 在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分 ①What you have said will have a lasting effect on my future career. 你所说的话会对我未来的事业产生深远的影响。 ②Whether social media cause anxiety has become a concern of parents. 社交媒体是否会导致焦虑已经成为父母所担心的事。 ③When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 延迟的航班什么时候起飞主要取决于天气状况。 ④Why the man hadn't reported the accident sooner was never clear. 为什么那个人没早一点报告那起事故一直不清楚。 ⑤ Who will win the first is difficult to guess, because the two players are neck and neck. 谁会赢得比赛很难猜测， 因为两位选手平分秋色。 ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空 ①What makes the Qatar World Cup unique is the kind of technology China is providing. ②For example, whoever breaks the traffic rules should be punished. ③That he was admitted to Peking University made us all happy. ④How he solved the problem is a mystery to me. 三、it作形式主语 当句子主语过长时，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型： 句型 说明 It＋系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important，unlikely，likely，possible，necessary，natural，wrong等 It＋系动词＋名词词组＋主语从句 常用于此句型的名词词组有a fact，an idea，an honour，a wonder，no wonder，a pity等 It＋系动词be＋过去分词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought等 It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的动词有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter, depend等 ①It is very important that a student (should) learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。 ②It is no wonder that your students have made such great progress. 难怪你的学生进步这么大。 ③For example，it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. 举例来说，中国人口比世界上其他任何国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的。 ④It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today. 他们今天是否去购物取决于天气情况。 ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①It is obvious that holding this activity is very meaningful to us. ②However, if others benefit from the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies? ③众所周知， 我们可以从打乒乓球中得到很多益处。 →It is known that we can benefit a lot from playing table tennis.(it作形式主语) →What is known is that we can benefit a lot from playing table tennis.(主语从句) 四、主语从句中应注意的问题 1．从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述句语序。 Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你们中谁第一个到达这里谁就获奖。 2．主谓一致 (1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式；但what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 ①(2022·全国甲卷)First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions. 首先，我们能做的是重视我们的日常行动。 ②What they need are books. 他们需要的是书。 (2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 ①When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 ②How and why he came to this city is a story of struggle and success. 他如何来到这座城市以及为何而来是一个充满奋斗和成功的故事。 3．whether引导的主语从句，如果用了形式主语it，引导词whether可以换成if。如果whether从句在句首或后面有or not时，不能用if替换。 Whether they will sell the house remains to be seen. ＝It remains to be seen whether/if they will sell the house. 他们是否会卖掉这所房子还有待观察。 4．引导词that在主语从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义，不可以省略；what在主语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或者定语，有具体的含义。 ①That she was at the entrance to the cinema then was a big surprise to me. 她当时出现在电影院入口处让我大吃一惊。 ②What caused the accident was a man lying on the ground. 引起这起事故的是一个躺在地上的男人。 ————即学即练3———— 单句语法填空 ①How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. ②(2022·全国乙卷改编) It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. ③When and where the English Corner will be held has (have) not been decided. 用适当的词填空 An Ageless Question: When Is Someone “Old”？ What does “old” really mean these days? This isn't a meaningless question—not only does the definition of “old” have an outsized impact on 1.how good we feel about ourselves (not to mention 2.how others view us), it also matters to policymakers determining 3.what they will do to plan for aging populations. The United Nations historically has defined older persons as people 60 years or over (sometimes 65).It didn't matter 4.whether you lived in the United States, China or Senegal, even 5.if/though life expectancy is quite different in each of those countries.Everyone became old at 60. Researchers Sergei Scherbov and Warren Sanderson, who study aging, are suggesting “prospective age”， which looks to the future.Everyone with the same prospective age has the same expected remaining years of life. Scherbov explained 6.that young and old are relative concepts, and their common reference point is life expectancy.It sounds reasonable 7.that “old” would vary between nations, especially between more­ and less­developed countries, with differences in education, death rates, access to health care and life expectancy. But 8.who is “old” also varies widely between individuals.The point, says Scherbov, is 9.that personal age is dependent on our “characteristics”—understanding abilities, disability, health history and even education levels.Those with more education tend not to smoke, exercise more frequently, have better diets and have regular checkups, therefore, live longer, meaning 10.that the beginning of their old age comes later, says Scherbov. 体会句中加波浪线部分的从句类型以及引导词在从句中的语法功能。 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语) 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编) It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives．(that引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分) 3．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷改编) What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2 000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3 000 years, and the Chinese more still.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作forget的宾语) 4．(2020·江苏卷)It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.(whether引导主语从句，在从句中whether 不作成分) [课后分层练14] (时间：40分钟　满分：67.5分) Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worthy of being praised. 2．It is strongly recommended that I set more practical and specific goals. 3．It is acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. 4．Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 5．That I finished doing the homework in such a short time surprised them all. 6．Just like some Europeans celebrate Spring Festival nowadays, it's no wonder that Chinese celebrate Christmas. 7．Who will be the champion of the ninth season of the “Voice of China” has not been decided. 8．What developing countries really need to do is to stop poverty by removing the causes of it. 9．When he will come back from Canada isn't known, so I will call him up to check the exact time. 10．It is a great pity that we couldn't attend the concert last night due to the heavy rain. Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题2分，共20分) 1．众所周知，哈尔滨是一个冰雪名城。 It is well­known to us that Harbin is distinguished for the snow and ice culture. 2．我能被邀请来做关于英语学习的演讲，真的很荣幸。 It's an honor that I could be invited to give a speech on English study. 3．难怪越来越多的人关心这个问题。 It's no wonder that more and more people are concerned about this issue. 4．最让我激动的是，我被一所著名的大学录取了。 What excited me most was that I was admitted into a famous university. 5．我从没到这项技术会应用到教育。 It never occurs to me that this technology is applied to education. 6．如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。 How to achieve this goal was a challenging question at the time. 7．你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。 Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work. 8．我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。 It makes no difference where we should have the meeting. 9．如果你想减肥， 你首先要做的是找出你发胖的原因。 If you want to lose weight, what you should do first is to find out why you are overweight. 10．中国一直是设计师的灵感来源，这不算什么秘密。 It's no secret that China has always been a source of inspiration for designers. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·黑龙江哈尔滨高二上期末)Science fiction stories have imagined future people living in underground cities or in space stations far from the sun.But if humans are ever to survive in those tough environments, they will need ways to grow food using limited resources—and photosynthesis (光合作用) might be nowhere near satisfactory.Now, some scientists are wondering if it's possible to produce food more efficiently by skipping it and growing plants in the dark. A team of researchers has taken a first step toward realizing it.The research shows it is possible to grow algae, edible yeast (食用酵母), and mushroom­producing fungi in the dark by supplying them with a carbon­based chemical not originating from plants but instead manufactured using solar electricity.This method replaced biological photosynthesis with a partly artificial process for turning sunlight into food.Their process is a version of artificial photosynthesis, a term around for years including various approaches to transforming sunlight, water, and CO2 into liquid fuels and other chemicals. The researchers say their work represents the first time an artificial photosynthesis system has been paired with an attempt to grow common food­producing organisms.The scientists are hopeful that this method could unlock new ways to produce food using less physical space and energy than traditional agriculture, including crops growing in the dark. While other experts are skeptical that it will ever be possible to redesign plant biology so thoroughly, they are excited by the technology the researchers have invented and the team's out­of­the­box idea about how to make food production more efficient. It is worth keeping an open mind about how to redesign a fundamental biological process like photosynthesis applied in space or on Earth.The payoff may be something we haven't imagined yet. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是如何借助光合作用在黑暗中种植粮食作物。 1．Why do scientists consider growing food in the dark according to Paragraph 1? A．To control the growth conditions in the dark effortlessly. B．To cultivate food with limited resources in harsh conditions. C．To prove to the public that traditional agriculture is ineffective. D．To test the assumption in contemporary science­fiction literature. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知科学家们考虑在黑暗中生产食物的目的是在恶劣的条件下利用有限的资源种植食物。故选B。 2．Which of the following best describes “artificial photosynthesis”？ A．It is a newly innovated technical term in recent days. B．It is a remarkable breakthrough in space exploration. C．It possibly makes for ways of novel food production. D．It makes use of sunlight, water, and CO2 inefficiently. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知科学家们希望，这种方法可以开辟新的种植作物的途径，由此可知人工光合作用可能会创造出新的食物生产方式。故选C。 3．What does the underlined part “out­of­the­box” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Absolutely ridiculous. B．Instantly functional. C．Extremely mysterious. D．Incredibly innovative. 解析：选D。词句猜测题。根据文章第四段画线部分之前“they are excited by the technology the researchers have invented and the team's”以及之后“idea about how to make food production more efficient”可知其他专家对研究人员发明的技术以及该团队提高粮食生产效率的想法感到兴奋，说明这个想法是很新的，很有想象力的，因此画线部分与D项“Incredibly innovative (极具创新性)”意思相近。故选D。 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Growing Food Crops in the Dark B．Creating Artificial Photosynthesis C．Producing Fungi in Mushrooms D．Turning Sunlight into Food 解析：选A。主旨大意题。文章第一段提出话题——在黑暗中种植植物来更有效地生产食物，文章二、三段集中对这种新型方法进行解释说明并指出其意义，第四段指出一些专家的不同态度，最后一段对全文进行概括，指出对于如何在太空或地球上重新设计像光合作用这样的基本生物过程我们应保持开放的心态。纵观全文，文章都是在围绕着在黑暗中种植粮食作物的话题来展开，所以A 项“Growing Food Crops in the Dark”作为文章标题最合适。故选A。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) New academicians take a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.1( ) They aimed to make greater contributions to the development of the nation's scientific research by encouraging the young generation and promoting the role of female scientists. Academician Huang made three commitments to himself—to contribute his energy to scientific research; to apply his achievements in the fields; and to provide more opportunities for young people.“2( ) By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities, we can foster a diverse scientific community with vigorous debates，” he said. Academician Jian Zhimin advised young students that persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research.“3( ) This determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research，” he said. Out of the 59 newly elected academicians this year, five of them are female scientists.Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives, and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance.4( ) 5( ) For example, she said funding institutions such as the National Natural Science Foundation and the Excellent Young Scholars Fund have relaxed their age restrictions, taking into consideration the time and energy women need for childbirth and childcare. A．They are more resilient (有适应力的), which contributes to the development of science. B．In recent years, Jin has noticed the increasing support for female scientists in China. C．As academicians, we need to share more opportunities with the younger generation. D．She has both male and female students, who are irreplaceable to each other. E．The 59 newly elected academicians vowed at the ceremony on Friday. F．I hope the honor I received can inspire more females to develop an interest in physics. G．To achieve success in the field of science, the most important thing is to persist with original intention. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道中国科学院新当选院士以及他们的科研精神和对于科研事业的承诺。 1．解析：选E。上文“New academicians take a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.”描述新晋院士参加颁证仪式的场景，结合常识可知，E项与上文内容相符，说明颁证仪式的时间和相关宣誓程序，下文说明宣誓相关内容，上下文语意连贯。故选E。 2．解析：选C。根据下文“By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities, we can foster a diverse scientific community with vigorous debates”可知，黄院士强调要给年轻人机会，C项与黄院士观点一致，句中“As academicians, we...”是黄院士的自称。故选C。 3．解析：选G。上文“persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research”和下文“This determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research”强调“坚持”“决心”和“毅力”，G项表达同样的主旨，句中“persist with original intention”与上下文内容相照应。故选G。 4．解析：选A。上文“Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives, and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance.”提出女性科学家的重要性，A项承接上文，说明女性科学家的优势，句中指示代词“They”指代上文中“women”。故选A。 5．解析：选B。下文提出相关机构在政策上对女性科学家的支持，是对B项的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·河北承德高二上检测)When Yang Huade first arrived in Burundi, he 1 (strike) by the severe food shortages in the country.“At that time, the residents here often have just one or two meals a day, mainly 2 (consist) of cassava (木薯) and corn，” said Yang, who had spent the majority of his career as 3 agricultural technician in southwest China's Sichuan Province. At the age of 51, Yang led a team to the East African country.Over the past eight years, Burundi's rice yield 4 (increase) dramatically, rising from an average of three tonnes per hectare to ten. “Weak infrastructure (基础设施) 5 outdated agricultural techniques made it hard for Burundi to achieve self­sufficiency in agricultural products，” said Yang.To solve the problem, the expert team cooperated with local departments 6 (establish) a hybrid rice demonstration production investment fund.Beyond financial support, the expert team placed 7 (emphasize) on providing technical training to farmers, 8 received training in each planting phase (阶段).“Through multiple planting cycles, farmers can 9 (steady) enhance their rice planting skills，” said Yang. His work has not only provided 10 (effect) solutions to food shortage but has also laid the foundation for long­term agricultural growth in Burundi. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是51岁的杨华德带领一支中国农业专家团队前往东非国家布隆迪。他的工作不仅为粮食短缺提供了有效的解决方案，而且为布隆迪的长期农业发展奠定了基础。 1．解析：was struck。考查动词时态和语态。分析句子成分可知，空处应填谓语动词，由When Yang Huade first arrived in Burundi可知动作发生在过去，且he与strike之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态， be struck by“被……所震惊”，be动词使用was。故填was struck。 2．解析：consisting。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处应填非谓语动词，two meals与consist of之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填consisting。 3．解析：an。考查冠词。此处指杨华德是一名农业技术人员，形容词agricultural为元音音素开头，应用不定冠词 an。故填an。 4．解析：has increased。考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，空处应填谓语动词，由时间状语Over the past eight years可知此处应用现在完成时，且主语为Burundi's rice yield，助动词使用has。故填has increased。 5．解析：and。考查连词。Weak infrastructure (基础设施)与outdated agricultural techniques为并列主语，应用并列连词and。故填and。 6．解析：to establish。考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作目的状语，应填不定式形式。故填to establish。 7．解析：emphasis。考查名词。place emphasis on“重视”，固定搭配。故填emphasis。 8．解析：who。考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为farmers，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。 9．解析：steadily。考查副词。此处应填副词形式steadily“稳步地”，修饰动词 enhance，意为“稳步提升”。故填steadily。 10．解析：effective。考查形容词。此处表示“有效的解决措施”，应用形容词形式effective，作定语，修饰名词solutions。故填effective。 Section Ⅲ　Using Language alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的[联想：alternatively adv.(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不，或者] 【教材原句】　As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。 【用法归纳】 (1)have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只有做某事 have the alternative of 拥有……的选择权…… an alternative to... ……的替代品(to为介词) (2)alternative energy 替代性能源 alternative ways/approaches/methods 可供选择的方法 alternative suggestions 可供选择的建议 【佳句必背】　Faced with such a severe situation, human beings have no alternative but to cooperate with each other to tackle the ocean crisis.(应用文之环境保护)面对如此严峻的形势，人类除了通力合作来应对海洋危机之外别无选择。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(2022·全国乙卷)There are alternatives (alternative) to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ②Realizing that my father had difficulty buying a new truck，I had no alternative but to give (give) in all the money I had made. ③The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating (communicate) with others. ④On the assumption that you are available，I can come to your house，or alternatively (alternative)，we can meet in the town. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤(读后续写之主旨升华)失败是成功之母。 有时候，为了成功，我们别无选择，只能勇敢地面对失败并从中学习。 Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed，we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it． in turn 转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流 【教材原句】　This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.这会影响土地中生长的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。 【用法归纳】 in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 by turns 轮流地；交替地 take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 It is one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 It turns/turned out that... 结果是…… 【佳句必背】　Surrounded by all 32 Chinese tourists, the embarrassed Norwegian was hugged by each in turn and greeted as their hero.(读后续写之场景描写)在32名中国游客的簇拥下，这位尴尬的挪威人被每个人依次拥抱，并被视为他们的英雄。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①When it was my turn to give (give) a speech, I was too anxious to speak. ②When my mother was ill, my brothers took turns to take (take) care of her. ③All theories come from practice and in turn serve practice. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④一些学生代表在成人礼上轮流发表演讲。 Some student representatives took turns to deliver speeches at the coming­of­age ceremony. ⑤结果爆米花很快售光，孩子们的努力取得了回报。 It turned out that the popcorn was sold out quickly and the children's efforts paid off. not only...but (also)...不仅……而且…… 【教材原句】　For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。 “not only...but (also)...”意为“不仅……而且……”，其中also可以省略。 (1)“not only...but (also)...”连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”。 (2)not only...but (also)...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。 【佳句必背】　They had not only tasted sweetness of the fruit, but also the kindness of a warm heart under a cold face.(读后续写之主旨升华)他们不仅尝到了果实的甜蜜，还感受到了冰冷面孔下一颗温暖善良的心。 【写成佳句】　完成句子/句式升级 ①(读后续写之情节描述)多亏老师的鼓励和对我的信任，我不仅找到了对写作的热情，而且把它培养成了一项蒸蒸日上的事业。 Thanks to my teacher's encouragement and faith in me, I not only found my passion for writing but also nurtured it into a flourishing career． ②团队合作精神不仅对我们个人有益，也有助于社会健康。 Not only does teamwork benefit us personally，it also contributes to the health of society. ③(2022·全国甲卷)Ocean not only offers us plenty of food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. →Not only does ocean offer us plenty of food, but it also maintains the balance of nature.(倒装) 1．digest ①(2024·全国甲卷)That's why this issue (期) of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. C ②I haven't entirely digested what he said just now. B ③I prefer this kind of food，because it digests well. A 2．写出句中加黑单词的词性及汉语意思 ①The play bombed, disappointing both the actors and the audience.v.失败 ②She stood rooted to the spot, staring at him.adj.一动不动的 关于农业生产的辩论性文章 ◎ CHEMICAL VERSUS ORGANIC FARMING Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long­term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health． For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well. As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser.This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals.It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals. Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil.They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next.Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops.Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.For example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots.The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health. Some people would prefer to stop the use of man­made chemicals in agriculture entirely.What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need.Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible ◎ 1．文章以一种客观、中立的语气介绍了化学农药和化肥在农业中的使用及其影响，同时也探讨了有机农业的优势和局限性。这种语言风格使文章具有很强的信息性，旨在向读者传递关于农业化学物质和有机农业的多方面信息。 2．文章结构清晰，逻辑性强。作者首先介绍了化学农药和化肥的使用背景及其初期的受欢迎程度，然后逐步展开其长期使用的负面影响，接着介绍了有机农业的替代方法及其优势，最后探讨了有机农业面临的挑战和未来方向。 3．文章通过具体例子和细节来支持观点，使内容更具说服力。“For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.”(举例说明农药的负面影响)这些例子帮助读者更好地理解抽象的概念和观点。 4．文章中使用了一些农业和环境科学的专业术语，如“chemical pesticides”(化学农药)、“artificial fertilisers”(人工化肥)、“organic farming”(有机农业)等，使文章更具专业性。 5．简洁明了的语言风格。尽管文章涉及复杂的农业和环境问题，但语言风格简洁明了，避免了冗长的句子和复杂的句式。例如：“Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.”(简洁的定义) ◎ 这篇文章的结构清晰、逻辑严谨，按照“问题提出—问题分析—解决方法—展望未来”的思路展开： 引言：介绍背景，引出问题。 问题分析：详细探讨化学农业的负面影响。 解决方法：介绍有机农业的优势和具体实践。 展望未来：分析有机农业的局限性，提出未来需要解决的问题。 这种结构清晰地展示了问题的全貌，并提出了可能的解决方案，同时保持了客观性和逻辑性，使读者能够全面理解文章的主题。 ◎ 化学耕作与有机耕作 自二十世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料便广泛应用于耕作。引入之初，二者被许多农民视为抵御作物病害、增加产量的好方法，因而颇受欢迎。然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会危害土地和人类健康。 例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学品会长期残留于土壤和地下水源中。这会影响土地中生长的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。很多人担心这些化学品会致病，甚至引发癌症。事实上，由于对人类和环境有害，“滴滴涕”等农药在大多数国家已被禁用。至于化学肥料，用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，而且往往口感较差。 作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的耕作。有机耕作的农民注重通过天然的方法保持土壤肥沃，没有病害。例如，许多有机耕作的农民使用天然的牲畜粪便作为肥料，使农田土壤富含矿物质，也避免化学品影响空气、土壤、水源和作物。 有机耕作的农民也采用许多其他方法维持土壤肥沃。他们通常每年更换每块农田种植的作物种类。例如，他们可能一年在田里种植玉米或小麦，第二年改种豆类。种植不同作物，是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。例如，花生长在土壤表层，而许多其他蔬菜则扎根于土壤深处。采用不同的有机耕作方法，目的在于生产优质食物，同时避免损害环境和人类健康。 有些人宁愿在农业上彻底停止使用人工化学品。他们不能如愿的原因是化学耕作满足了全世界对食物的高需求，而有机耕作还远远不能满足这一需求。因此，想要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人类和环境尽可能保持健康，又让人们有足够的食物可吃，这还有很长的路要走。 ◎ 关于有机农业和化学农业，你们班举行了一场辩论。请结合你们的讨论结果，写一篇支持有机农业的英语作文。 要点：1.化学农业的危害； 2．有机农业的优点及支持它的理由； 3．根据自己掌握的相关知识，批判性地发表自己的观点。 注意：词数80左右。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Step 1　审题谋篇·定框架 Step 2　要点翻译·用佳句 1．化学农业和有机农业是两个关键词。 Chemical agriculture and organic agriculture are two key phrases． 2．关于化学农业和有机农业人们众说纷纭。 There are various opinions about chemical agriculture and organic agriculture. [升级]　请用主从复合句连接句1和句2 Chemical agriculture and organic agriculture are two key phrases, about which there are various opinions. 3．毫无疑问，残留在农作物中的化学物质会对我们的健康造成损害。 There is no doubt that the chemicals staying inside the crops can be harmful to our health. 4．有机食品在消费者群体中正变得越来越受欢迎。 Organic foods are becoming increasingly popular with customers. 5．原因有很多，其中一个是有机农产品仅仅使用天然肥料，使蔬菜和水果美味且营养丰富。 There are many reasons for this.One reason is that organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers，making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritious． [升级]　用定语从句升级句5 There are many reasons for this, one of which is that organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers，making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritious. 6．俗话说，健康是第一财富。因此选择有机食品是更明智的。 As the saying goes, health is the first wealth, so it is wiser to choose organic food. Step 3　连句成篇·达美文 In terms of the development of modern agriculture，chemical agriculture and organic agriculture are two key phrases, about which there are various opinions. It is obvious that using chemical fertilisers has many disadvantages.Above all, there is no doubt that the chemicals staying inside the crops can be harmful to our health.Organic foods are becoming increasingly popular with customers.There are many reasons for this, one of which is that organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers，making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritious. As the saying goes, health is the first wealth, so it is wiser to choose organic food. [课后分层练15] (时间：35分钟　满分：76分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．With the globalization of the economy, food security has become a widespread (广泛的) concern for most people around the world. 2．Let your child make some small decisions.For instance (例子), allow him to choose what clothes to wear at the weekend. 3．In terms of nutrition (营养), fast food is far from perfect to satisfy the children's need. 4．An increasing number of families are choosing to grow vegetables and fruit using organic (有机的) methods. 5．Political decisions and activities affect all aspects (方面) of people's lives. 6．Apart from what you have mentioned above, do you have any alternative (其他的) plan? 7．The government has taken measures to help people get rid of poverty (贫穷). 8．Don't judge anything about the idea until you have understood it entirely (完全地). Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The path extended into the depth (deep) of the forest. 2．The change of the climate makes the earth warmer.In turn，the warmth of the earth changes the climate，too. 3．Food produced from chemical farming is not nutritious (nutrition). 4．The great advantage of telling the truth is that one is more likely to sound convincing (convince). 5．All her time devoted to doing (do) experiments, she has no time for entertainment. 6．Since you have accepted the job, you have no alternative but to do (do) it well. 7．From now on, you're going to have to stay away from salty (salt) food. 8．When Mr Lee worked in our company, he entirely (entire) put his heart into the work. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我确信把我们随机分组不是一个好主意。(convince) I am convinced that it is not a good idea to pair us up randomly. 2．(2022 ·全国乙卷)可以很容易地看出，选择听英语歌曲和看英语电影的学生的百分比分别为65%和 50%。(it作形式主语， that引导主语从句) It can be easily seen that the percentages of students who choose to listen to English songs and watch English movies are 65% and 50% respectively． 3．我认为我们应该做的是集中发展有机农业，同时我们要减少化肥和杀虫剂的使用。 I think what we should do is to focus on developing organic farming while reducing the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. 4．为了我们的健康，我们也应该寻找其他替代方法来生产安全的食物。 We should also seek other alternative methods to produce safe food for our good health. 5．例如，我们可以利用不同深度的土壤种植作物，来充分利用土地。 For instance, we can grow crops using different depths of soil to make full use of the earth． Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers 1 have been (be) in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.Over time, however, 2 what some scientists have found is that their long­term use can sometimes harm both the land 3 and people's health.For example, pesticides can damage the land by 4 killing (kill) not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.As 5 an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming.Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free 6 of disease through natural means.Organic farmers also use many other methods 7 to produce (produce) rich soil.The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food.Some people would prefer to stop the use of man­made chemicals in agriculture 8 entirely (entire).But there is still a long way to find a 9 suitable (suit) solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while 10 keeping (keep) people and the environment as healthy as possible. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共7.5分) (2025·江西景德镇高二上期末)It is that time of the year, when a handful of world's leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort—the Nobel Prize.Here's a look at who has won the prize and for what. Physiology or Medicine Swedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies.He is well­known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones. Physics Alain Aspect, John F．Clauser and Anton Zeilinger's work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022.Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U．S, and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team.“Their results have cleared the way for new technology，” the committee stated. Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R．Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K.Barry Sharpless from the U．S.“for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry，” the committee stated.Dr.Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr.Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes. Economics The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S．Bernanke, Douglas W．Diamond and Philip H．Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises，” the Nobel Prize committee announced.By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s, they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank's impact on societal functions. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获得情况。 1．What prize is related to the research with bones? A．Chemistry. B．Physiology. C．Economics. D．Physics. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据Physiology or Medicine中“He is well­known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.”可知，生理学奖项与骨骼研究有关。故选B。 2．For what reason were Ben S．Bernanke, Douglas W．Diamond, and Philip H．Dybvig awarded the Prize in Economic Sciences? A．For their work in ancient DNA studies. B．For their work in quantum technology. C．For their research on banks and financial crises. D．For the development of click chemistry. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S．Bernanke, Douglas W．Diamond and Philip H．Dybvig ‘for research on banks and financial crises，’ the Nobel Prize committee announced.”可知，Ben S．Bernanke, Douglas W．Diamond和Philip H．Dybvig凭借关于银行和金融危机的研究获奖。故选C。 3．What can be inferred from the article about the Nobel Prizes? A．All winners are from the same country. B．The Nobel Prizes are only awarded to individuals, not teams. C．The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences is not as prestigious as the others. D．The Nobel Prizes recognize significant contributions across various fields. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第一段“It is that time of the year, when a handful of world's leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort—the Nobel Prize.”可知，诺贝尔奖用于表彰各个领域的重大贡献。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·福建厦门高二上期末)As research is becoming more international and multidisciplinary (涉及多门学科的), some people think the Nobel Prize award system is outdated and needs some changes.When Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes in his will in 1895, he specified the areas of work in which they should be awarded, namely, Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.1( ) The only change has been the introduction of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1969. 2( ) Researchers have spent much of the last century developing specialized and sub­specialized fields of study, and now it has become clear that these sub­specializations are not independent of each other but closely related. Some greatest discoveries have been achieved through cooperation between disciplines．Watson (a physicist) and Crick (a biologist) together discovered the structure of DNA.3( ) One example is the ENCODE project for human genome sequencing (基因组测序), which involved very large international teams that worked together over decades. But except for the prize for Peace, which can be awarded to organizations, all other Nobel Prizes are awarded to individuals.Further, the Nobel Prize allows a maximum of three shared winners for each of the disciplines awarded.4( ) Perhaps it is time for change.With the Nobel Prize as a current hot topic of discussion, the issue of its incompatibility (不匹配) with multidisciplinary research has been discussed by several leading international newsletters.5( ) The Guardian suggests that new interdisciplinary categories be introduced and varied every year.Scientific American proposes increasing the maximum number of awardees.Whatever be the way forward, it is clear that the trend toward multidisciplinary studies should be acknowledged and encouraged. A．They compared genome sequences. B．Some changes have been recommended. C．However, some are achieved individually. D．But science has developed tremendously since 1895. E．Even today the Nobel Prize is awarded in these categories. F．This means that not all members can receive this great honor. G．Also, modern scientific breakthroughs often result from collective efforts. [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕诺贝尔奖奖励体系是否过时展开讨论，指出随着科学研究变得更加国际化和多学科化，该体系存在一些问题，如与多学科研究不匹配，进而讨论了对其进行变革的建议。 1．解析：选E。上文“When Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes in his will in 1895, he specified the areas of work in which they should be awarded, namely, Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.”说明了诺贝尔奖最初设立的奖项领域。E项承接上文，表明时至今日，诺贝尔奖仍在这些领域颁发，与后文“The only change has been the introduction of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1969.”形成对照，说明奖项领域的延续性。故选E。 2．解析：选D。上文提到1895年设立诺贝尔奖时的情况，下文“Researchers have spent much of the last century developing specialized and sub­specialized fields of study, and now it has become clear that these sub­specializations are not independent of each other but closely related.”指出科学研究领域发生了很大变化。D项起到承上启下的作用，表明自1895年以来科学发展迅猛，引出下文关于科学研究领域变化的内容。故选D。 3．解析：选G。上文阐述了学科间合作取得伟大发现的例子。G项进一步强调现代科学突破常源于集体努力，与上文构成递进关系，且下文“One example is the ENCODE project for human genome sequencing (基因组测序), which involved very large international teams that worked together over decades.”举例说明了集体努力带来科学突破，与G项呼应。故选G。 4．解析：选F。上文“But except for the prize for Peace, which can be awarded to organizations, all other Nobel Prizes are awarded to individuals.Further, the Nobel Prize allows a maximum of three shared winners for each of the disciplines awarded.”说明了诺贝尔奖的授予规则。F项对上文进行总结，由于奖项授予的规则限制，并非所有参与研究的成员都能获得诺贝尔奖，上下文逻辑连贯。故选F。 5．解析：选B。上文“With the Nobel Prize as a current hot topic of discussion, the issue of its incompatibility (不匹配) with multidisciplinary research has been discussed by several leading international newsletters.”指出诺贝尔奖与多学科研究不匹配问题被讨论。B项承接上文，表明针对该问题，已经有了一些变革建议，后文“The Guardian suggests that new interdisciplinary categories be introduced and varied every year.Scientific American proposes increasing the maximum number of awardees.”具体说明了这些变革建议。故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Organic Agriculture: A Sustainable Approach to Farming In recent decades, organic agriculture 1 (transform) the way we grow food, emerging as a vital alternative 2 conventional farming quietly. Unlike conventional farming that leans heavily on synthetic (合成) pesticides, fertilizers, and 3 (genetic) modified organisms (GMOs), organic farming takes a natural approach.Organic farmers use compost and manure to boost soil fertility.These natural fertilizers work wonders, enhancing soil structure, allowing it to hold water better and supply nutrients stably, 4 is crucial for long­term productivity. Crop rotation is also crucial; changing crops seasonally prevents pest and disease outbreaks and balances nutrient 5 (consume).For pest control, instead of chemical sprays, farmers introduce 6 (benefit) insects or set up physical barriers. The benefits are far­reaching.Environmentally, it lessens chemical runoff into rivers and lakes, safeguarding aquatic ecosystems.It also cuts down greenhouse gas emissions 7 (associate) with producing synthetic fertilizers.For consumers, organic produce is free 8 harmful residues (残留) and may have more nutrients and better taste. Nevertheless, organic farming isn't without challenges.Yields might be lower initially 9 (compare) to conventional methods, and higher production costs can make organic products pricier.But as consumer demand for safe, healthy food surges, more research and technological advancements are underway. Organic agriculture holds the promise of feeding future generations while protecting our planet.It's a testament (证据) to the idea 10 working with nature, not against it, can revolutionize food production for the better. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有机农业的发展情况。 1．解析：has transformed/has been transforming。考查动词时态。句意：近几十年来，有机农业已经改变了我们种植食物的方式，悄然成为传统农业的重要替代品。根据时间状语In recent decades可知，句子用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示有机农业在过去几十年里对我们种植食物的方式产生的影响一直持续到现在，同时也可能继续持续下去。主语为organic agriculture，助动词用has。故填has transformed或has been transforming。 2．解析：to。考查介词。句意：近几十年来，有机农业已经改变了我们种植食物的方式，悄然成为传统农业的重要替代品。固定搭配an alternative to...“……的替代物”，to是介词。故填to。 3．解析：genetically。考查副词。句意：与传统农业严重依赖合成农药、化肥和转基因生物(GMOs)不同，有机农业采用自然方法。此处修饰形容词modified，应用副词genetically“基因地”，作状语。故填genetically。 4．解析：which。考查定语从句。句意：这些天然肥料效果显著，他们能增强土壤结构，稳固土壤水分，稳定供应养分，这对长期生产力至关重要。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 5．解析：consumption。考查名词。句意：作物轮作也至关重要；季节性更换作物可防止病虫害爆发，平衡养分消耗。此处作动词balance的宾语，应用名词consumption“消耗”，不可数。故填consumption。 6．解析：beneficial。考查形容词。句意：为了控制害虫，农民们采用引进益虫或设置物理屏障来代替化学喷雾剂。此处修饰名词insects，应用形容词beneficial“有益的”，作定语。故填beneficial。 7．解析：associated。考查非谓语动词。句意：它还减少了与生产合成肥料有关的温室气体排放。固定搭配be associated with“与……有关”，省略be动词，使用过去分词，修饰greenhouse gas emissions，作后置定语。故填associated。 8．解析：from/of。考查介词。句意：对消费者来说，有机农产品没有有害残留物，而且可能有更多的营养和更好的味道。固定搭配be free from/of“没有……的，免受……的”。故填from或of。 9．解析：compared。考查非谓语动词。句意：与传统方法相比，最初有机产品的产量可能会更低，而更高的生产成本可能会使有机产品更贵。固定搭配be compared to“与……相比”。故填compared。 10．解析：that。考查同位语从句。句意：这证明了与自然合作，而不是与自然对抗，可以使食品生产变得更好。此处引导同位语从句，解释说明“the idea”的内容，从句句意完整、不缺成分，应用只起连接作用、无实义的that引导。故填that。 主题：科学研究之伟大成就 情感描写 ①convince　 vt.使相信；使确信；说服 ②convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的 ③convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 ④intense　　 adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 ⑤deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 ⑥essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 动作描写 ①tacklevt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 ②boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励 ③yield n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步 ④overcomevt. 克服；解决；战胜 ⑤alleviate vt.减轻；缓解 ⑥devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于 ⑦attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到 [语段情景用]　在一间繁忙的研究实验室里，艾米莉博士致力于解决世界上最紧迫的环境问题……(尽可能使用方框里归纳的教材词汇，描写中可适当添加对人物的性格刻画，词数80左右) In the heart of a busy research lab, Dr.Emily was devoted to tackling the world's most pressing environmental issues.Her intense passion and convincing arguments inspired her team to work tirelessly.Deep down, she knew that finding sustainable solutions was essential for the planet's future.After years of relentless effort, they finally attained a groundbreaking discovery that could boost agricultural yields while reducing the need for harmful chemicals.This achievement not only alleviated environmental concerns but also convinced the world that science holds the key to a better future.The impact of her research rippled through communities, transforming agricultural practices and fostering a new era of eco­friendly farming.Driven by her vision, Dr.Emily continued to lead her team towards more groundbreaking innovations, determined to leave a lasting legacy for generations to come. 单元强化练 [UNIT 5] (时间：45分钟　满分：78.5分) 【基础知识强化练】 Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共6分) 1．You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest (消化). 2．There are several alternatives (替代物) to your plan. 3．Can you give me an instance (例子) of violence at the school? 4．It is absolutely essential (极其重要的) that you aren't distracted in class. 5．My sister and I loved to go grocery (食品杂货店) shopping with our mother at our leisure when we were little. 6．In most cases (事例), there will be no need for further treatment. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．I think we should devote much more time to adjusting (adjust) to the new environment. 2．I found his speech convincing (convince) and he would call on more people to take regular exercise. 3．My assessments were based on the assumption (assume) that house prices would remain steady. 4．I have no alternative but to ask (ask) him for an appropriate way to solve the problem. 5．The educators in this school took turns to deliver (deliver) a speech in the rural schools. 6．It is essential that he (should) get (get) some reliable information before making inferences. 7．A shortage (short) of experience caused us to assess what had happened in an incorrect way. 8．Assuming (assume) that I settled the conflict，I would employ an entirely new way. 9．To turn their dreams into a reality (real)，the twins work very hard. 10．What made me thrilled was that I could distinguish between this kind of flower and another one. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．鉴于高三学生即将毕业，昨天学生会组织了爱心义卖活动，以较低的价格出售各种旧书和二手物品。(given that...) Given that Senior Three students are to graduate，a charity sale was organized by the Student Union yesterday to sell various used books and second­hand goods at a lower price. 2．人们普遍认为压力是由过多的工作引起的。(assume) It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 3．更多的高速公路被建设完成，使人们到中国各地旅行更加方便。(现在分词作结果状语) More highways have been built, making it more convenient for people to travel around China． 4．这本食谱里包含许多简单却又营养丰富的菜肴。(comprise) This cookbook is comprised of/comprises many simple yet highly nutritious meals. 5．在大城市，自行车正在成为替代私家车出行的短途交通工具。(alternative; means of transport) In big cities, bicycles are becoming an alternative means of short­distance transport to private cars. 【综合能力提升练】 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·广东深圳高二上期末)As cities continue to grow, the need for efficient and sustainable food production has never been greater.Urban Sprout, an innovative company, has introduced Rooftop Green, a garden system that transforms urban rooftops into green spaces providing fresh produce directly to city residents. Rooftop Green is designed to be adaptable, serving small households as well as large commercial buildings.By developing otherwise unused rooftop space, it provides a practical solution to the problem of urban food deserts.The system is remarkably easy to maintain and promises a constant supply of organic vegetables and herbs. The technology behind Rooftop Green includes smart sensors and an automatic watering system.The latter optimizes plant growth with minimal water use.Connected to a mobile app, the sensors give users insights into plant health, growth stages, and proper harvest times.The app ensures that even green­hand gardeners can successfully grow their crops with confidence. By creating green oases (绿洲) in urban areas, Rooftop Green not only cuts the carbon footprint associated food transport but also enhances urban biodiversity.Furthermore, it reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers, making it an environmentally friendly option for citizens. Urban Sprout employees include the company's eco­friendly values in their daily routines.They actively participate in community gardening and conservation projects, promoting sustainability within and beyond the workplace.“Our goal is to develop a culture that values green living，” explained an Urban Sprout representative. Rooftop Green is more than an agricultural innovation.It is part of a broader movement towards sustainable living.For those looking to make a positive environmental impact, it offers an accessible and impactful way to engage with sustainability. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。Urban Sprout 公司推出了Rooftop Green花园系统，文章主要介绍了Rooftop Green系统如何解决城市食品荒漠问题，并提供了一种可持续发展的城市生活解决方案。 1．What is the main purpose of Rooftop Green? A.To provide decorations for urban buildings. B．To make profits through commercial farming. C．To conduct scientific research on plant growth. D．To provide fresh produce by rooftop gardening. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中“Urban Sprout, an innovative company, has introduced Rooftop Green, a garden system that transforms urban rooftops into green spaces providing fresh produce directly to city residents.”可知，Rooftop Green主要的目的是通过屋顶园艺提供新鲜农产品。故选D。 2．What's the function of smart sensors? A．Observing the gardening process. B．Decreasing the need for watering. C．Speeding up the growth of plants. D．Building confidence of beginners. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Connected to a mobile app, the sensors give users insights into plant health, growth stages, and proper harvest times.The app ensures that even green­hand gardeners can successfully grow their crops with confidence.”可知，智能传感器的功能是观察园艺过程。故选A。 3．What does Rooftop Green suggest? A．The change of workplace culture. B．A green and long­lasting city life. C．The total reliance on technologies. D．A trend towards independent living. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“‘Our goal is to develop a culture that values green living，’ explained an Urban Sprout representative.”可知，Rooftop Green致力于一种绿色持久的城市生活。故选B。 4．What's the best title of the text? A．Innovations in Agricultural Technology B．Rooftop Solutions for Urban Food Deserts C．Enhancing Urban Biodiversity with Sensors D．The Role of Technology in Urban Gardening 解析：选B。主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了Rooftop Green系统如何解决城市食品荒漠问题，并提供了一种可持续发展的城市生活解决方案，B项“城市食品沙漠的屋顶解决方案”适合作文章标题，故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 4 Reasons to Graduate in Agriculture Attitudes towards agriculture are changing.1( ), because it offers them more opportunities than ever before and a chance to make a difference.Let's take a closer look. Choose from a wide range of subjects.The field of agriculture is very broad and students can study anything from animal science and land management to horticulture or economics.2( )．Whether students are more interested in the scientific side of agriculture or the more practical and active side, there is a choice to satisfy all different types of learners. Experience abundant job opportunities.3( ).They don't just have to go into farming, although they can choose to manage farm or agricultural businesses.They can work in areas like agricultural sales and marketing or get positions in environmental conservation.They can also choose to work in a wide range of environments such as in offices, outdoors or a mixture of both. 4( )．In the course of their agricultural studies, students will be exposed to many issues that affect the world today.Students can get involved in research and development work in significant areas like tackling poverty and food insecurity.Skilled graduates will help to shape the response to global needs in different areas by applying their problem­solving skills. Get paid well.An easy way to reduce the risk of being unemployed after graduation is to become skilled in a field where there's a shortage.5( )．Agricultural graduates, especially those with master's degrees, are in demand and therefore have the potential to earn top salaries. A．Encourage healthy eating habits B．Address significant modern world issues C．More students are choosing to register for agriculture D．Agriculture is an essential industry that needs more skilled graduates E．A career can go down a great number of different routes for agricultural graduates F．Environmental conservation and farming practice are other common areas of study G．Students would have the opportunity to gain skills while gaining extra outdoor exercises [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了越来越多的学生选择农业专业的四个理由。 1．解析：选C。标题“4 Reasons to Graduate in Agriculture”表明本文介绍选择农业专业的理由，前文“Attitudes towards agriculture are changing.”指出人们对农业专业的态度发生了转变，后文“because it offers them more opportunities than ever before and a chance to make a difference”是一个原因，解释农业专业为某类人群提供了更多的机会，空处应该是指出很多学生选择农业专业这一具体现象，因此C项符合语境，承接前文，后文是对其解释，其中的More students是后文them指代的对象。故选C。 2．解析：选F。前文“The field of agriculture is very broad and students can study anything from animal science and land management to horticulture or economics.”指出农业领域可选择的具体专业很丰富，这些专业偏科学理论，后文“Whether students are more interested in the scientific side of agriculture or the more practical and active side, there is a choice to satisfy all different types of learners.”总结表明农业可以满足学习者的科学或实际两大方向的需求，空处应该是介绍农业领域偏实际方向的专业，因此符合语境，承前启后。故选F。 3．解析：选E。前文“Experience abundant job opportunities.”总的指出选择农业会有很多工作机会，后文“They don't just have to go into farming, although they can choose to manage farm or agricultural businesses.They can work in areas like agricultural sales and marketing or get positions in environmental conservation.”具体介绍某类人群可以选择的各种职业，空处应该是说明农业学生的职业发展很多样，因此E项符合语境，承前启后，其中的agricultural graduates是后文they指代的对象。故选E。 4．解析：选B。后文“In the course of their agricultural studies, students will be exposed to many issues that affect the world today.Students can get involved in research and development work in significant areas like tackling poverty and food insecurity.”具体说明学习农业的学生可以解决影响当今世界的问题，做出贡献，空处作为段首句，应该是指出选择农业专业的一个理由是解决当今世界问题，且需和其他段首句一样使用祈使句的形式，因此B项符合语境，契合后文内容。故选B。 5．解析：选D。前文“An easy way to reduce the risk of being unemployed after graduation is to become skilled in a field where there's a shortage.”指出掌握紧缺领域的技能可以保证就业，后文“Agricultural graduates, especially those with master's degrees, are in demand and therefore have the potential to earn top salaries.”说明农业毕业生可以获得高薪，空处应该起到过渡作用，说明农业是需要技能的行业，因此D项符合语境，承前启后。故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·重庆期中)In 17th­century Europe, it was unheard of for a woman to travel by herself, but that didn't stop Maria Sibylla Merian.In 1699, she and her daughter Dorothea 1 from Amsterdam to Surinam in South America.The three­month voyage was 2 but she was determined to go.She wanted to be the first person to go to a foreign country to study and paint insects 3 from nature. When they arrived in Surinam, Maria and Dorothea 4 working.Day after day, they took their painting 5 into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants.Artists had never done such a thing before.Still life (静物) painters drew from dead specimens (标本).But Maria had always been interested in painting 6 animals and plants. In the rainforest, she 7 ladders (梯子) to study and collect insects.She had trees cut down so she could see what 8 at the top level of the forest more than a hundred feet overhead.Maria combined both 9 and science in her work.As a skilled 10 ， she kept detailed notes. After two years, she had to 11 Surinam.The 12 was unbearable and she was ill with malaria.But she had more than enough material for a/an 13 ．In June 1701, Maria and Dorothea went back to Amsterdam. Four years later, in 1705, Maria 14 the book for which she is best known, Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam.The paintings of insects and plants in their natural habitats 15 the scientific study of insects. [语篇解读]本文是一篇人物传记。文章详细叙述了17世纪女性科学家和艺术家Maria Sibylla Merian的生平事迹，特别是她前往苏里南进行昆虫和植物研究并出版相关书籍的经历。 1． A．sailed B．flew C．drove D．walked 解析：选A。根据下文“The three­month voyage was 2 but she was determined to go.”中的“voyage”可知，她和女儿从阿姆斯特丹起航。故选A。 2． A．pleasant B．dangerous C．remarkable D．short 解析：选B。根据上文“In 17th­century Europe, it was unheard of for a woman to travel by herself, but that didn't stop Maria Sibylla Merian.”以及常理可知，这三个月的航行非常危险。故选B。 3． A．directly B．quickly C．gradually D．slightly 解析：选A。根据下文“Day after day, they took their painting 5 into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants.”可知，她希望直接从大自然研究和绘制昆虫。故选A。 4． A．stopped B．started C．loved D．tried 解析：选B。根据下文“Day after day, they took their painting 5 into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants.”可知，她们一到达苏里南就开始投入工作。故选B。 5． A．prizes B．works C．materials D．paints 解析：选C。根据空后的“draw insects and plants”可推测，她们是带着绘画材料进入雨林来绘制昆虫和植物。故选C。 6． A．sick B．ancient C．living D．rare 解析：选C。根据上文“Still life painters drew from dead specimens (标本)”可知，当时其他的静物画家都是根据死亡的标本进行绘制；根据本句句首的“But”可推测，Maria想要画活的动植物。故选C。 7． A．invented B．extracted C．jumped D．climbed 解析：选D。根据空后的“ladders”可推测，她是爬上梯子研究昆虫。故选D。 8． A．wandered B．stretched C．floated D．lived 解析：选D。根据上文“She had trees cut down”以及她进入雨林是为了研究昆虫可知，她让人砍倒树是为了看看树顶有什么生物生活着。故选D。 9． A．art B．music C．literature D．technology 解析：选A。根据上文“Day after day, they took their painting 5 into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants”可知，Maria研究昆虫和植物并画下来。由此可知，Maria将艺术和科学相结合。故选A。 10． A．observer B．student C．novelist D．journalist 解析：选A。根据下文“she kept detailed notes”可知，她是个很好的观察者，所以能详细记录自己的所见所闻。故选A。 11． A．leave B．bless C．defeat D．keep 解析：选A。根据下文“In June 1701, Maria and Dorothea went back to Amsterdam.”可知，她得离开苏里南。故选A。 12． A．insect B．smell C．heat D．food 解析：选C。根据上文“they took their painting 5 into the hot rainforest”以及常理可知，苏里南温度很高，酷热难忍。故选C。 13． A．essay B．journal C．painting D．book 解析：选D。根据下文“Four years later, in 1705, Maria 14 the book for which she is best known, Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam.”可知，她已经积累了足够多的素材来撰写一本书。故选D。 14． A．published B．assessed C．banned D．adjusted 解析：选A。根据空后“the book for which she is best known, Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam”可知，她出版了一本书。故选A。 15． A．ceased B．advanced C．revealed D．opposed 解析：选B。根据常理可知，书中描绘了昆虫和植物在其自然栖息地中的画面，这会推动昆虫的科学研究。故选B。 Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·福建福州期中)In a vast desert on the outskirts of Dubai, Chinese experts looked across a field of “drought­resistant” rice they had planted in sand and seawater and 1 (realise) that a four­decade struggle had come to 2 end. “The result was extremely satisfying，” said Du Dele, an official at the Chinese research centre pioneering the salt­resistant rice, 3 many believe could solve food shortages in the world's most uncultivable (不可耕作的) regions. “We learned that we can grow rice in the desert, and we were very 4 (amaze) when we analysed the results and saw how much we can produce，” he said. Rice is 5 (common) grown in fresh water and soil, rather than sand and seawater. And in Dubai, where temperatures can reach 50 ℃ (122 ) in the day and sandstorms are common, the challenge is more serious. But 6 (scientist) at the Sea­Rice Research and Development Centre in Qingdao, eastern China, produced more than 7.5 metric tonnes per hectare of one strain of salt­resistant rice which was planted in the dusty emirate. China began to make rapid progress in the 7 (develop) of seawater rice after 1986 when a wild rice variety 8 (discover) growing in marshes (沼泽) near the sea in the southern Guangdong Province. China's “father of hybrid rice” Yuan Longping, who led the Qingdao centre, said the results were “better 9 he had expected”， and his team was seeking 10 (expand) its research. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在迪拜郊区一片广阔的沙漠中，中国专家看着他们在沙子和海水中种植的“抗旱”水稻，意识到40年的斗争已经结束。 1．解析：realised。考查时态。根据上文looked可知为一般过去时。故填realised。 2．解析：an。考查冠词。短语come to an end表示“结束”。故填an。 3．解析：which。考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the salt­resistant rice，空处在从句作主语，指物。故填which。 4．解析：amazed。考查形容词。空处作表语，表示人的状态，应用形容词amazed。故填amazed。 5．解析：commonly。考查副词。修饰动词grow应用副词commonly，故填commonly。 6．解析：scientists。考查名词的数。此处数量大于1应用复数形式。故填scientists。 7．解析：development。考查名词。短语in the development of表示“在……方面的发展”。故填development。 8．解析：was discovered。考查时态和语态。主语a wild rice variety与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文1986可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was discovered。 9．解析：than。考查比较级。根据句意和上文better可知为比较级，应用than。故填than。 10．解析：to expand。考查非谓语动词。短语seek to do sth表示“寻求做某事”。故填to expand。 单元过关检测卷(五) [UNIT 5] (满分：120分　时间：100分钟) 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2025·山东临沂高二上期中) NOBEL PRIZES 2024 The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 John Hopfield; Geoffrey Hinton “for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks” This year's awardees used tools from physics to construct methods that helped lay the foundation for today' s powerful machine learning.John Hopfield created a structure that can store and reconstruct information.Geoffrey Hinton invented a method that can independently discover properties in data and which has become important for the large artificial neural networks now in use. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 David Baker “for computational protein design” Demis Hassabis; John Jumper “for protein structure prediction” The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 is about proteins, life's ingenious (巧妙的) chemical tools.David Baker has succeeded with the almost impossible achievement of building entirely new kinds of proteins.Demis Hassabis and John Jumper have developed an AI model to solve a 50­year­old problem: predicting proteins' complex structures.These discoveries hold enormous potential. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024 Victor Ambros; Gary Ruvkun “for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post­transcriptional gene regulation” Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun discovered microRNA, a new class of tiny RNA molecules that play a crucial role in gene regulation.Their groundbreaking discovery in the small worm C.elegans revealed a completely new principle of gene regulation.This turned out to be essential for multicellular organisms, including humans.MicroRNAs are proving to be very important for how organisms develop and function. The Nobel Prize in Literature 2024 Han Kang “for her intense poetic prose (散文) that confronts historical traumas directly and exposes the weakness of human life” In all her works, Han Kang faces historical traumas and invisible sets of rules and, in each of her works, exposes the fragility of human life.She has a unique awareness of the connections between body and soul, the living and the dead, and her poetic and experimental style has made her become a creator in contemporary prose. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖、化学奖、生理学或医学奖以及文学奖的获奖者及其获奖原因等相关信息。 1．Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 for artificial neural networks? A．Victor ambros and Gary Ruvkun. B．John Hopfield and John Jumper. C．Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. D．John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据“The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024”部分内容“John Hopfield; Geoffrey Hinton ‘for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks’”可知，2024年因在人工神经网络方面的贡献而获得诺贝尔物理学奖的是John Hopfield和Geoffrey Hinton。故选D。 2．Which field is the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry focused on? A．Protein design and prediction. B．Machine learning. C．Gene regulation. D．MicroRNA discovery. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据“The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024”部分提到“David Baker ‘for computational protein design’”以及“Demis Hassabis; John Jumper ‘for protein structure prediction’”可知，2024年诺贝尔化学奖聚焦于蛋白质设计与预测领域。故选A。 3．What main themes do Han Kang's works explore? A．The protection of the natural environment. B．Cross­cultural communication and integration. C．The impact of technological progress on society. D．Historical traumas and the fragility of human life. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据“The Nobel Prize in Literature 2024”部分“Han Kang ‘for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas directly and exposes the weakness of human life’”以及“In all her works, Han Kang faces historical traumas and invisible sets of rules and, in each of her works, exposes the fragility of human life.”可知，韩江作品主要探讨的主题是历史创伤以及人类生活的脆弱性。故选D。 B (2025·广东高二上期末)Extreme weather events like heatwaves, heavy rain, and droughts stress plants, which can reduce crop yields and threaten the long­term health of our farms, forests, and biodiversity.There is an unmet need to monitor precisely how plants respond to these changes.While drones and aircraft have improved plant monitoring from above, they only capture (捕获) surface­level information.They also need adjustments to be able to track plants accurately over time.Other small sensors that can capture changes at the individual plant level are inconvenient since they often require on­site personnel to install and manually check each sensor. “The traditional methods may work well for some purposes, but they are difficult to operate and quite expensive，” explains Kaori Kohzuma, the developer of sensors, “In order to continuously monitor small changes, we needed a new solution.” To address these issues, a team of researchers developed a novel sensor that attaches directly to the underside of plant leaves.This small device uses a spectroscopic (光谱的) sensor and light source to measure leaf color without blocking sunlight, and it can track changes in the same spot over time.Powered by a battery, with Wi­Fi data transfer and waterproofing design, the sensor can work outdoors for over a month, allowing for extended data collection. This sensor performed well when compared with a commercial spectrometer on about 90 leaves from 30 different plant species.It accurately distinguished colors across seven out of its eight detectable wavelengths. In an outdoor trial to test performance under real life conditions, they attached the sensor to tree leaves to track changes in leaf color during autumn leaf fall, and aging over two weeks.They were able to observe a decrease in chlorophyll (叶绿素)—an indicator of plant stress—and how the plant's response varied with sunlight intensity. “This sensor can accurately monitor plant health and stress through leaf color and light reflection data.Its low cost makes it possible to place multiple sensors across various locations，” summarizes Kohzuma. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员为了精确监测植物而研发的一款精准、便宜的感应器。 4．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 1? A．The effect of extreme weather on plants. B．The importance of aircraft in agriculture. C．The disadvantages of some small sensors. D．The necessity of precise plant monitoring. 解析：选D。主旨大意题。通过阅读第一段内容可知，该段中“There is an unmet need to monitor precisely how plants respond to these changes.”提到了精确监测植物应对极端天气变化这一需求，同时结合该段后文内容“They also need adjustments to be able to track plants accurately over time.Other small sensors that can capture changes at the individual plant level are inconvenient...”举例了飞机监控和小型传感器对作物监测存在的问题。由此可知，该段主要讲述了使用仪器精确监测植物的必要性。故选D。 5．How does the author introduce the novel sensor in Paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By listing figures. C．By raising questions. D．By making statements. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句内容“This small device uses a spectroscopic (光谱的) sensor and light source to measure leaf color without blocking sunlight, and it can track changes in the same spot over time.Powered by a battery, with Wi­Fi data transfer and waterproofing design, the sensor can work outdoors for over a month, allowing for extended data collection.”可知，该段主要对这种新研发的传感器进行了工作原理介绍。由此推知，作者是通过原理陈述的方法介绍这种新研发的传感器的。故选D。 6．Why is chlorophyll mentioned in the text? A．To stress its importance to plants. B．To compare different plant species.$