Unit 4 Breaking boundaries-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修2同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语记叙文阅读策略、重点词汇（如assist, vital, relieve）、it作形式主语语法及演讲稿写作等核心知识点，通过"阅读输入-词汇语法巩固-写作输出"的脉络设计，构建从文本理解到语言应用的完整学习支架。 该资料以MSF抗疫、葛底斯堡演讲等真实语境为载体，通过主旨匹配、细节推理等活动提升语言能力，借助国际合作案例培养文化意识，结合分层练习与高考真题应用强化学习能力。课中助力教师系统授课，课后学生可通过单词拼写、语法填空等任务自主查漏补缺，有效衔接课内外学习。

I'm Xiaohe, a middle school student．Last weekend, I was engaged in a volunteer activity to assist the elderly in my community．It was vital to help them tackle daily challenges．We collaborated to organize a health check­up and offered our devotion to making their lives better．Seeing their smiles was a miracle．Not to mention, the joint effort brought us closer, creating a harmonious atmosphere．This rewarding experience taught me the importance of dedication． I realized that realistic goals and mutual respect are key to any successful collaboration．We dedicated our time not only to the elderly but also to each other, building a strong bond that will last a lifetime． Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas Step One　Lead­in What do you know about MSF? MSF is also known as Doctors Without Borders．It is a non­profit organisation, which provides medical care to those affected by conflicts, epidemics, disasters or a lack of access to health care． Step Two　Read for the main idea Match the main idea with each part． Part 1 (Para．1) A．The team's composition, work process and a successful case． Part 2 (Para．2) B．The author joins MSF in Liberia to fight Ebola as it crosses borders． Part 3 (Paras．3－5) C．The strong bonds formed and the call for global collaboration． Part 4 (Paras．6－7) D．The team celebrates one­month­no­case milestone but stays cautious． 答案：Part 1—D　Part 2—B　Part 3—A　Part 4—C Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ．Read Part 1 carefully and do the following exercise． Why did the author and other healthcare workers celebrate on 22 March 2015? Because it was one month since the last reported Ebola case． Ⅱ．Read Part 2 carefully and do the following exercises． 1．Why did the author go to Liberia with MSF? A．To gain more working experience． B．To help fight against Ebola there． C．To make friends with other doctors． D．To see the tragic scenes on the spot． 2．What can we learn about Ebola from the second paragraph? A．It only spreads within certain countries． B．It can be easily controlled by doctors． C．It shows no respect for national borders． D．It has a low death rate among patients． 答案：1．B　2．C Ⅲ．Read Part 3 carefully and do the following exercises． 1．What was the author's main task when they first arrived in Liberia? A．To conduct research on Ebola． B．To disinfect clothing and surfaces． C．To organize a local volunteer team． D．To relieve a Canadian specialist． 2．How did the author feel when introduced to the diverse team at MSF? A．Overwhelmed by the workload． B．Proud to be part of the team． C．Isolated as the only Chinese doctor． D．Uncertain about their abilities． 3．What is the significance of the story about Pascal and Daniel in the text? A．It shows the high death rate of Ebola． B．It demonstrates the team's dedication to saving lives． C．It highlights the importance of local volunteers． D．It emphasises the challenges faced by healthcare workers． 答案：1．D　2．B　3．A Ⅳ．Read Part 4 carefully and do the following exercises． 1．What does the author think of being caught up in such a crisis? A．It makes people lose hope and purpose． B．It weakens the bonds between people． C．It helps form strong connections among people． D．It only affects the relationship between carers and patients． 2．What is the main message the author wants to convey about the work of MSF? A．The importance of individual effort． B．The necessity of global collaboration． C．The challenges of working in different countries． D．The impact of technology on healthcare． 答案：1．C　2．B Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following questions with your partners and present your answers to the class． What qualities do you think are most important for healthcare workers like those in MSF? Why? Your presentation： Compassion and dedication are crucial for healthcare workers like those in MSF．They inspire others to contribute to a global community by collaborating across borders and cultures, working together towards a shared future of peace and prosperity． ◎ MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF 22 March 2015 Today we celebrate．[1]It's exactly one month since the last reported case①． [2]But it is vital② not to take any chances③． So, 20 health care workers from almost as many countries, comrades④ in arms, raise virtual⑤ glasses to each other． [1]本句为“It is＋一段时间＋since．．．”句型，意为“自从某事发生以来已经多长时间了”。 [2]本句中it作形式主语，动词不定式短语not to take any chances作真正的主语。 I arrived in Liberia with MSF almost three months ago．[3]When I saw the tragic⑥ scenes⑦ on the news, I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help． I knew I was putting my life at risk⑧， but I thought，“If I don't do it, who will？”[4]It is important to remember that Ebola⑨ doesn't respect national boundaries⑩． There are no borders⑪ for doctors, for patients or for anyone else [5]involved in⑫ combating⑬ this terrible disease． [3]When引导时间状语从句；it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help为宾语从句，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to go there and offer my help作真正的主语。 [4]It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to remember．．．作真正的主语；that引导宾语从句。 [5]过去分词短语involved in combating this terrible disease作后置定语，修饰anyone else。 My mission⑭ was [6]to relieve⑮ Emma, a Canadian specialist⑯ in infectious⑰ diseases at the end of her posting⑱． Emma spent an hour with me in the staff⑲ room talking me through the daily routine⑳．[7]As she talked, I could hear at least three different languages being spoken at the tables around us．Later, Emma introduced me to some of the others working for or alongside㉑ MSF：Wilton, a young local man, [8]who helped carry the very sick into the treatment clinic㉒ and who disinfected㉓ clothing and surfaces; Maisy, a retired public health official from Darwin, Australia, [9]whose local team of volunteers educated people on preventing infection; Alfonso, a soft­spoken Argentinian doctor in his 50s, [10]who had previously㉔ worked on Ebola outbreaks㉕ in Sierra Leone and Guinea．The list went on．I found that I was the only Chinese doctor among people of all ages, colours and beliefs, from every continent except Antarctica．With each person [11]I met, I felt a growing sense of pride as part of this extraordinary team, [12]whose devotion㉖ to the cause shone from their eyes． [6]动词不定式短语to relieve Emma在句中作表语；名词短语a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting作名词Emma的同位语。 [7]As引导时间状语从句。 [8]and连接两个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，均修饰先行词Wilton。 [9]whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Maisy。 [10]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Alfonso。 [11]I met为定语从句，修饰先行词each person。 [12]whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰this extraordinary team。 In the few weeks since then, I have come to know these people very well．We have worked together, [13]surrounded by blood, vomit㉗ and death．But, although the death rate㉘ is very high, we will never give up on㉙ a patient, and our efforts do sometimes end in miracles㉚． Just after my arrival, a family of six were brought here in the back of a van㉛．All of them were infected．The twin㉜ girls and their parents soon died．We knew there was little hope for the brothers, but we did everything [14]we could to save them．When we visited the ward㉝ the next morning, we were amazed to see that against all odds㉞, both boys were still alive．Pascal and Daniel have since made a full recovery㉟．This small but unexpected㊱ success compensated㊲ for many other less fortunate cases． [13]过去分词短语surrounded by blood, vomit and death作状语。 [14]we could为定语从句，修饰不定代词everything。 [15]To be caught up in㊳ such a crisis㊴ creates powerful bonds between people, not only between carers and patients, but also between all those [16]who have come from different parts of the world and joined together in a common cause．[17]It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy, and Alfonso, not to mention㊵ all the others I have worked with． [15]动词不定式短语作主语。 [16]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。 [17]It作形式主语；动词不定式短语to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy, and Alfonso作真正的主语；I have worked with为定语从句，修饰先行词all the others。 Now my time is almost up．In a few days, someone else will arrive to step into my shoes㊶, and the tireless work that the MSF members do in more than 70 countries and regions around the world will go on．In a world still [18]facing so many problems, it is absolutely essential for us all to collaborate㊷ to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity㊸． [18] 动词­ing短语作后置定语，修饰a world。 ◎ ①case n．病例；病案 ②vital adj．极其重要的 ③take any chances 冒险；碰运气 ④comrade n．同志；朋友 ⑤virtual adj．虚拟的 ⑥tragic adj．悲惨的，不幸的 ⑦scene n．场面；情景 ⑧put．．．at risk 使……置于危险之中；使……遭受危险 ⑨Ebola n．埃博拉病毒 ⑩boundary n．分界线；边界 national boundary国界 ⑪border n．边界；国界 ⑫be involved in 参与；被卷入 ⑬combat v．防止，抑制；战斗，斗争 ⑭mission n．使命，任务 ⑮relieve v．给(某人)换班 ⑯specialist n．专家 ⑰infectious adj．传染性的 ⑱posting n．派驻；外派 ⑲staff n．全体职工(或雇员) ⑳daily routine 日常事务 ㉑alongside prep．与……一起 ㉒clinic n．诊所；门诊部 ㉓disinfect v．为……消毒，给……杀菌 ㉔previously adv．以前，先前 ㉕outbreak n．爆发，突然发生 ㉖devotion n．奉献 ㉗vomit n．呕吐物 ㉘the death rate死亡率 ㉙give up on 对……表示绝望 ㉚miracle n．意外的幸运事；奇迹 ㉛van n．小型货车 ㉜twin adj．双胞胎的 ㉝ward n．病房 ㉞against all odds尽管困难重重 ㉟make a full recovery 痊愈，完全康复 ㊱unexpected adj．出乎意料的，始料不及的 ㊲compensate v．弥补，补偿 ㊳be caught up in牵扯，卷入 ㊴crisis n．危机 ㊵not to mention 不用说；更不必说 ㊶step into sb．'s shoes 接替某人的工作(职位) ㊷collaborate v．合作，协作 ㊸prosperity n．兴旺，繁荣，昌盛 ◎ 与无国界医生奋战100天 　2015年3月22日 我们今天庆祝了一番，因为距离发现上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。但重要的是我们不能心存侥幸。所以，我们这20位来自世界各地的医护人员，也是战友们，假装举杯，互相庆祝。 大约三个月前，我随无国界医生一起来到利比里亚。当我从新闻上看到一幅幅凄惨的画面时，我觉得作为医生我有责任到那里去帮忙。我知道这样做是在冒生命危险，但是我想：“假如我不去做，又有谁会去呢？”重要的是要记住，埃博拉病毒传播起来是不分国界的。医生、病人或者任何被迫与这种可怕的疾病抗衡的人都是不分国界的。 我的任务是接替埃玛，她是一位加拿大传染病专家，派驻时间已经结束。我和埃玛在办公室用了一个小时交接日常工作。她说话的时候，我可以听到隔壁桌传过来的谈话声，至少混着三种不同的语言。接着，埃玛向我介绍了几个人，他们都是无国界医生的工作人员，或者同该组织一起工作的人：威尔顿是一位当地的年轻人，他帮忙把重症患者带进治疗所，负责衣物及皮肤表面消毒；迈西来自澳大利亚的达尔文市，是一名退休的公共卫生官员，他带领当地的志愿者团队给人们进行预防传染培训；阿方索是一位五十来岁的阿根廷医生，说起话来温声细语，曾参与抗击前几次塞拉利昂和几内亚爆发的埃博拉病毒。埃玛还介绍了其他人。这些人来自除南极洲外的世界各地，年龄、肤色、信仰都各不相同，而我发现自己是其中唯一一位中国医生。能够和在这里遇到的人一起成为这个杰出小组的一员，我心中的自豪感油然而生，大家的双眼中都熠熠闪耀着奉献精神的光芒。 接下来的几个礼拜里，我已经开始和大家熟稔起来。我们一起工作，周围充斥着血液、呕吐物和死亡。不过，虽然死亡率极高，但是我们永远不会放弃任何一个患者，何况我们的努力有时真的会产生奇迹。 就在我刚刚来到这儿的时候，有一家六口躺在小货车的车斗里被运了过来。他们全都被感染了。不久，其中一对双胞胎姐妹和她们的父母就去世了。我们知道，剩下的兄弟俩也希望渺茫，但是我们竭尽所能去救治他们。第二天早上，我们去病房探望时惊讶地发现，虽然历经千险，两个男孩仍然活了下来。此后，帕斯卡尔和丹尼尔的病痊愈了。相对其他没有那么幸运的病人来说，这次小小的却出乎意料的成功是一种弥补。 患难与共的经历在人与人之间建立了紧密的纽带，不仅仅在于医护人员与患者之间，还在于所有来自世界各地、因为共同事业聚在一起的人们之间。有像威尔顿、迈西和阿方索这样的同事已令我倍感鼓舞，更别提其他所有和我们一起共事的人了。 如今我的时间也快结束了。几天后，另一个人就会来到这里，接替我的工作。而无国界医生的成员们将在全世界超过70个国家与地区继续不知疲倦地工作着。这个世界仍然面临着许多问题，我们所有人都必须团结合作，打造一个共享和平繁荣未来的“地球村”。 assist v．协助，帮助(联想：assistant n．助手；助理；店员　assistance n．帮助；协助) 【教材原句】　It assists people based on need, regardless of which country they are from． 它根据需要帮助人们，无论他们来自哪个国家。 【要点归纳】 (1)assist (sb．) in/with sth． 协助(某人)某事 assist sb．to do sth．＝assist sb．in doing sth． 帮助某人做某事 (2)come to one's assistance 援助某人 with the assistance of 在……的帮助下 【佳句必背】　During my visit, I helped feed the animals, clean their enclosures, and assist the staff with basic care tasks．(应用文之活动报道) 在我参观期间，我帮助喂养动物，清理它们的围栏，并协助工作人员完成一些基本的护理任务。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The shop assistant rushed out of the shop to assist the old lady with her luggage．With his assistance, the old lady crossed the road．(assist) ②We are looking for people who would be willing to assist in/with the group's work． ③During the group project, Sarah came to my assistance (assist) when I was having trouble understanding the data． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(应用文之求助信)我想知道你是否能帮助我选择一个合适的班会主题。 I'm wondering if you could assist me in choosing/to choose a suitable topic for the class meeting． vital adj．极其重要的，必不可少的 【教材原句】　But it is vital not to take any chances． 但重要的是我们不能心存侥幸。 【要点归纳】 be vital for/to sth． 对……极为重要 It is vital to do sth． 做某事很重要 It is vital that．．．(should) do sth． ……是十分重要的 be of vital importance 至关重要的 【佳句必背】　Prior to a job interview, it's vital to do your homework about the company and meet its criteria for measuring candidates．(应用文之建议信) 在面试之前，对公司做足功课，达到公司衡量候选人的标准是至关重要的。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①There's no doubt that skilful employees are vital to/for the success of a company． ②As far as I'm concerned, it is vital to embrace (embrace) lifelong learning to keep up with the rapidly changing world． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③(读后续写之主旨升华)如果我们想要在生活中发挥作用，我们从小事开始是很重要的。 If we are to make a difference in life, it's vital that we should begin with small things． relieve vt．给(某人)换班；使轻松，宽慰；缓解(联想：relief n．减轻，缓解；宽慰，轻松　relieved adj．感到宽慰的) 【教材原句】　My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting．我的任务是接替埃玛，她是一位加拿大传染病专家，派驻时间已经结束。 【要点归纳】 (1)relieve sb．of．．． 将某人从……中解脱出来 (2)to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是 in relief 如释重负；松了口气 breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气 【佳句必背】　Participating in an interesting club activity can relieve students of study stress, bringing a sense of relief that helps them better engage in future classes．(应用文之活动介绍)参加有趣的社团活动能让学生从学习压力中解脱出来，带来一种轻松感，帮助他们更好地投入到后续课程中。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①New teaching software relieved teachers of time­consuming test grading, letting them prepare personalized lessons． ②To our great relief (relieve), the reform concerning our working hours has been a great success． ③Relieved (relieve), the teacher smiled when seeing all students had understood the difficult concept． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④随着本学期最后一场考试结束，学生们松了一口气，期待着假期的到来。 As the last exam of the semester ended, the students breathed a sigh of relief, looking forward to their holidays． compensate v．弥补，补偿(联想：compensation n．补偿，赔偿；赔偿金，补偿金) 【教材原句】　This small but unexpected success compensated for many other less fortunate cases． 这次小小的却出乎意料的成功是一种弥补。 【要点归纳】 compensate for＝make up for 弥补，补偿 compensate sb．for sth． 因为某事补偿某人 【佳句必背】　The school's extra tutoring sessions compensated for the gaps in students' understanding of the subject．(应用文之推荐信) 学校的额外辅导课程弥补了学生对学科理解上的不足。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①He received a large sum of money as compensation (compensate) for his loss in the fire． ②The insurance company will compensate you for your loss in the accident． 【写成佳句】　一句多译 ③我坚信努力总是可以弥补经验不足。 →I am convinced that efforts can always compensate for the lack of experience． →I firmly believe that hard work can always make up for the lack of experience． put．．．at risk 使……置于危险之中；使……遭受危险 【教材原句】　I knew I was putting my life at risk, but I thought, “If I don't do it, who will？”我知道这样做是在冒生命危险，但是我想：“假如我不去做，又有谁会去呢？” 【要点归纳】 (1)at risk 遭受危险；处境危险 at the risk of doing sth． 冒着做某事的危险 take/run the risk of doing sth． 冒险做某事 (2)risk doing sth． 冒险做某事 【佳句必背】　On no account should we take/run the risk of being removed by the school to cheat in the exam．(应用文之倡议书) 我们绝对不能冒着被学校开除的风险在考试中作弊。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①He was determined to do it even at the risk of being laughed (laugh) at． ②If you tell him the truth, you will run the risk of hurting his feelings． ③During the outbreak of Ebola, he risked losing (lose) his own life to save my life． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④交通问题不仅影响我们的生活，而且还危及人们的生命。 Not only does the traffic issue affect our lives, but it also puts people's lives at risk． not to mention 更不必说 【教材原句】　It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy, and Alfonso, not to mention all the others I have worked with．有像威尔顿、迈西和阿方索这样的同事已令我倍感鼓舞，更别提其他所有和我们一起共事的人了。 【要点归纳】 mention sth．to sb．＝mention to sb．that．．． 向某人提及…… mention doing sth． 提及做某事 Don't mention it． (别人道谢时的答语)不客气。 温馨提示：let alone也可表示“更不必说”。 【佳句必背】　(2024·北京卷)In addition, you can also mention China's role in helping solving global issues such as the global warming, offering a more comprehensive view． 此外，你还可以提到中国在帮助解决全球变暖等全球性问题上所发挥的作用，提供一个更全面的观点。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①In my speech, I would like to mention highlighting (highlight) the importance of environmental protection in our daily life． ②I mentioned the upcoming English speech contest to my classmates, hoping more of them would participate． ③—I really appreciate you giving me a ride home． —Don't mention it．We're friends after all． 【写成佳句】　一句多译 ④污染对生活在这个城市的每个人的健康都是有害的，更不用说对环境的破坏了。 →Pollution is harmful to the health of everyone living in this city, not to mention the destruction of the environment． →Pollution is harmful to the health of everyone living in this city, let alone the destruction of the environment． “It be＋一段时间＋since．．．”句型 【教材原句】　It's exactly one month since the last reported case．距离发现上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。 【要点归纳】 (1)“It be＋一段时间＋since．．．”句型，意为“自从……已有多长时间了”。主句谓语为is或has been时，since从句用一般过去时；主句谓语为was时，since从句用过去完成时。 (2)“It＋be＋一段时间＋before从句” 句型，意为“多久之后才……”。若before从句时态为一般现在时，be为一般将来时；若before从句时态为一般过去时，be为一般过去时。 【佳句必背】　It has been three years since I first joined the school's debate club, and it has brought me numerous valuable experiences．(应用文之介绍信) 自从我第一次加入学校的辩论社已经过去三年了，它给我带来了无数宝贵的经历。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①It is/has been (be) three years since I came to the clinic as an assistant in this village． ②John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for the new surroundings． ③He said it was ten years since he had graduated (graduate) from this school． ④It is two months since we started (start) the new semester． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤你来我们学校参加交流项目已经两个星期了，我们大家都受益匪浅。 It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has benefited all of us． It is the first time that sb．has/have done 这是某人第一次做…… 【教材原句】　It is not the first time the author has worked with MSF．这不是作者第一次与无国界医生组织合作。 【要点归纳】 (1)It/This/That＋is/was＋the first time (that) sb．has/have/had done sth．这/那是某人第一次做某事 (2)It's time (for sb．) to do sth．该是(某人)做某事的时候了 It's (about/high) time (that)．．．did/should do sth．是……做某事的时候了 【佳句必背】　It is the first time that she has given a public speech, and she feels both excited and nervous．(应用文之求助信) 这是她第一次做公开演讲，她既感到兴奋又紧张。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①That was the first time that he had come (come) late for such an important meeting． ②It's high time we took/should take (take) immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③这是我第一次写申请和个人简历，因此我不知道是否有什么需要注意的。 This is the first time that I have written an application and a personal resume, so I don't know if there is something to pay attention to． tackle A．v．处理，对付(难题)　B．v．与……交涉　C．v．质问，责问　D．v．擒获 ①(2022·北京卷)PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets． A ②The customer tackled the shopkeeper regarding the quality of the product he had just bought． B ③The police officer dashed across the street to tackle the suspect who was trying to escape． D ④During the meeting, the manager had to tackle the employee about his frequent absences． C [课后分层练10] (时间：45分钟　满分：76分) Ⅰ．单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Learning a new language helps break down cultural boundaries (界限) and promotes better understanding among different nations． 2．Our school invited a specialist (专家) in educational psychology to give a lecture on student motivation． 3．The survival of the hiker after being lost in the mountains for days was nothing short of a miracle (奇迹)． 4．Protecting the environment is crucial for the future of mankind (人类), as we rely on the Earth's resources for survival． 5．The hospital has set up a special department to treat patients with infectious (传染的) diseases to prevent further outbreaks． 6．The latest statistic (统计数据) shows that the number of people using public transportation has increased by 15% over the past year． 7．The local clinic (诊所) offers free health check­ups every Saturday to promote community wellness． 8．The government immediately took measures to control the outbreak (爆发) of the forest fire before it spread further． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．He is respected by his students for his devotion (devote) to the cause of education． 2．The elderly lady was grateful for the assistance (assist) provided by the volunteers at the community center． 3．When the missing child was found safe and sound, waves of relief (relieve) spread through the community． 4．The earthquake that hit the small town was a great tragedy (tragic), leaving many people homeless． 5．The success of the school play was a result of the collaboration (collaborate) among teachers, students, and parents． 6．After the accident, the insurance company provided compensation (compensate) to cover the medical expenses． 7．My mother talked me through the steps of making her special apple pie, sharing tips she had learned over the years． 8．She was caught up in the excitement of the music festival, dancing and singing along with the crowd． Ⅲ．完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．我们已经很久没有像这样举办家庭聚会了，到处充满着欢声笑语。 It has been a long time since we had a family gathering like this, full of joy and laughter．(It be＋一段时间＋since．．．) 2．当我经过车间时，我听到工人们正在修理机器。 When I passed by the workshop, I heard the machines being repaired by the workers．(hear sth．being done) 3．她为了实现目标真的非常努力。这就是她如此成功的原因。 She does work extremely hard to achieve her goals．That's why she's so successful．(强调谓语) 4．受邀在这样重要的会议上发言对我来说是极大的荣幸。 It is a great honor for me to be invited to speak at this important conference．(it作形式主语) 5．这是她第二次在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。 It is the second time that she has won the first prize in the English speech contest． Ⅳ．课文语法填空(每小题1．5分，共15分) 20 health care workers from almost as many countries, comrades in arms, raise virtual glasses to each other．With no 1reported (report) cases for a month, we're celebrating today． I arrived in Liberia with MSF almost three months ago．Seeing the tragic scenes caused by Ebola on the news, I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help．It is 2absolutely (absolute) important to remember that there are no borders for doctors, for patients or for anyone else 3involved (involve) in combating this terrible disease． My mission was 4to relieve (relieve) Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases．She introduced me to the others working for or alongside MSF: Wilton, Maisy and Alfonso．5On/Upon/After my arrival, there was an unforgettable case．A family of six were infected, four of 6whom soon died． Although there was little hope for the remaining brothers, we did everything we could 7to save (save) them．As a result, both boys have made a full recovery．This small but unexpected success compensated for many other less fortunate cases． To be caught up in such a crisis 8creates (create) powerful bonds between people, not only between carers 9and patients, but also between all those who have come from different parts of the world and joined together in a common cause．Though my time is almost up, MSF 10members (member) will go on with the tireless work． Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2025·浙江嘉兴高二上期末)McGriff was in her second year of university when she read Half the Sky, which examines the unfair treatment of women in developing countries．She was shocked to learn that 129 million girls worldwide do not have access to school． “In much of the world, women and girls are responsible for household duties，” said McGriff, “It's seen that girls won't ever be putting their education to use．” Additionally, many poor families can't afford girls' tuition fees, school supplies and uniforms．Yet, studies have shown that providing free uniforms can reduce dropout rates by 16% and absenteeism by more than 35%．This simple solution took root in McGriff's mind and started her journey helping girls transform their lives． As she took an entrepreneurship (创业) class, she was tasked with creating a business or nonprofit for a class project, which reminded her of the idea of the school uniform．Soon she developed an idea．After conducting field research, McGriff returned home, presented her education project at entrepreneurship competitions and won ＄35, 000 in startup fund．Eventually she established her nonprofit, Style Her Empowered (SHE), to bring her vision to life． That first year, the group hired local tailors and provided uniforms and school fees for 65 girls．But they soon ran into a problem—the students were outgrowing quickly．To address this, McGriff's team, together with local tailors and students, designed an innovative “growing uniform” which could be adjusted to fit a girl for up to three years, accommodating six different sizes． Today, SHE serves girls in 20 rural villages in southern Togo, providing 1, 500 girls a year with free uniforms, school fees, supplies, tutoring, and much more．Once enrolled, students receive weekly tutoring．As a result, SHE's students consistently pass their exams at higher rates than the national average．“Our students have increased their performance in school dramatically，” McGriff said．“If given the opportunity, they shine．” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了McGriff受Half the Sky这本书启发，成立非营利组织SHE，为女孩提供免费校服等帮助。 1．What contributes to girls' high dropout rates according to Paragraph 2? A．Financial difficulty． B．Family conflict． C．Academic performance． D．School arrangement． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Additionally, many poor families can't afford girls' tuition fees, school supplies and uniforms．”可知，经济困难导致很多家庭负担不起女孩上学的费用，这是导致女孩高辍学率的原因。故选A。 2．When did McGriff start her nonprofit organization? A．After she analyzed the data of studies． B．When she learned about girls' dropout rates． C．When she won ＄35，000 in startup fund at entrepreneurship competitions． D．After she read a book on girls' unfair treatment． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After conducting field research, McGriff returned home, presented her education project at entrepreneurship competitions and won ＄35, 000 in startup fund．Eventually she established her nonprofit, Style Her Empowered (SHE), to bring her vision to life．”可知，McGriff是在赢得创业比赛获得创业基金后成立了她的非营利组织。故选C。 3．How did SHE settle the issue of uniforms for girls? A．By hiring famous local tailors． B．By creating adjustable uniforms． C．By providing uniforms of various sizes． D．By increasing the school uniform budget． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To address this, McGriff's team, together with local tailors and students, designed an innovative ‘growing uniform’ which could be adjusted to fit a girl for up to three years, accommodating six different sizes．”可知，SHE通过与当地裁缝和学生协作设计了一种可以调节的校服解决了女孩的校服问题。故选B。 4．Why does the writer mention the school performance of SHE's students? A．To highlight their hard work． B．To suggest the popularity of SHE． C．To indicate their further development． D．To show the effectiveness of SHE's practice． 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As a result, SHE's students consistently pass their exams at higher rates than the national average．‘Our students have increased their performance in school dramatically，’McGriff said．‘If given the opportunity, they shine．’”可推断出，作者提到SHE学生的学业表现，是为了展示SHE的做法是有效的。故选D。 B (2025·辽宁锦州高二上期末)Kitwe, Zambia was not in any of the Rough Guide books for Africa．It appeared that we definitely were not headed to one of the main attractions on the global tourist route．My husband, Robert, and I had volunteered to help build an irrigation (灌溉) system for bananas in Zambia．The Heart of Africa Mission is run by local Zambians, with a focus on community development．We were there to share our agricultural experience and knowledge with the African farmers． We left snow covered Alberta, Canada in January．We spent the next four weeks working side by side with the local Zambians．The banana plantation would help make the small mission station self­supporting．It would also teach banana farming to the students there．Students would go on to teach others．It has done that and more．Through the jobs created several families now have food, education for their children, and enough housing．The plantation is producing well and is a source of great pride for all who work there． My husband worked hard at building the irrigation system．But the story he tells most often is of the young man who stopped us on one of our walks somewhere．He pointed to his bike, and　laughing widely, told Robert, “Look, look, it still works．” Robert had repaired it for him．A bike in Zambia is like a truck in North America—necessary transportation for people and produce．Robert's small effort made a big difference in this man's ability to get to work． “We sure appreciate your sacrifice (牺牲)，” our organizer often said．For us it was never a sacrifice, only an honour to have the opportunity to be absorbed in a culture and place so far from our own, or be able to exchange ideas and thoughts．The volunteer work was never a sacrifice．It was only an honour． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫志愿去赞比亚建立香蕉灌溉系统，与非洲农民分享他们的农业经验和知识的故事。 5．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 1? A．She likes to take adventures． B．She knows a lot about agriculture． C．She started the Heart of Africa Mission． D．She used to live in Africa for many years． 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We were there to share our agricultural experience and knowledge with the African farmers．”可推断出，作者对农业很了解。故选B。 6．Which of the following best describes the author's volunteer job? A．Tiring． B．Challenging． C．Rewarding． D．Disappointing． 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Through the jobs created several families now have food, education for their children, and enough housing．The plantation is producing well and is a source of great pride for all who work there．”可知，作者的志愿者工作是值得的。故选C。 7．Why did the young man stop the author and her husband? A．To express his appreciation． B．To show his cycling ability． C．To tell them about his work． D．To beg them to repair his bike． 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Robert帮这个年轻人修好了自行车，这个年轻人拦住作者和她的丈夫是为了表达他的感激。故选A。 8．Why did the author consider the volunteer work an honour? A．It enabled her to work harder． B．It brought her public recognition． C．It made her appreciate her life more． D．It allowed her to experience different things． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“For us it was never a sacrifice, only an honour to have the opportunity to be absorbed in a culture and place so far from our own, or be able to exchange ideas and thoughts．”可知，作者认为志愿者工作是一种荣誉，因为它让她体验了不同的事情。故选D。 Ⅱ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·江苏盐城高二上期末)Last weekend, I had an opportunity to serve as a volunteer at a nursing home in another city．I don't have a car, and even the 1 train station is far away from my house． 2 ， I wasn't sure how to get there． I posted a(n) 3 for a ride on the ride share board．Soon an individual I'd never met 4 that he'd be able to pick me up and drop me off at the station．He said he'd wait until my train arrived 5 he drove away．My heart 6 and the stress I'd been feeling disappeared 7 and thus our friendship began． I ended up arriving at the nursing home 8 ．The tiny team of servers there were 9 for the additional help．We all worked together as a team．I was glad to be a part of this and be of 10 to the elderly． That evening when my new 11 dropped me off at the station, he 12 that it was in a deserted (荒凉的) area．So he parked his car and said, “We will wait for the train to come together．” I couldn't believe his 13 ． With five minutes left before the train arrived, he shared with me stories of his 14 ．As a young boy, he used to sit near the edge of the train tracks, excitedly waiting for the trains to rush by with all their force．That night he waited with me as my train 15 ．It didn't rush by but I felt his kindness and generosity．People like him would always remind me how to love and how to give． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去另一个城市的疗养院做志愿者，搭车去火车站时认识了一位新朋友的故事。 1． A．best B．latest C．closest D．largest 解析：选C。作者没有车，甚至最近的(closest)火车站离家都很远。故选C。 2． A．Instead B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore 解析：选D。因此(Therefore)，作者不知道怎么去那里。 此处顺承上句。故选D。 3． A．excuse B．request C．charge D．preference 解析：选B。作者在拼车板上发布了一则求乘车的请求(request)。故选B。 4． A．replied B．joked C．pretended D．remembered 解析：选A。很快，一个素未谋面的人回复(replied)作者说，他可以来接作者，也可以把作者送到车站。故选A。 5． A．when B．since C．after D．before 解析：选D。他说他会等到作者的火车到达后再开车离开。即他不会在火车到达之前(before)离开。故选D。 6． A．sank B．broke C．warmed D．changed 解析：选C。由于他的暖心承诺，作者的心里暖暖的(warmed)。故选C。 7． A．recently B．gradually C．slowly D．immediately 解析：选D。作者的问题得到妥善解决，这个时候作者一直以来的压力立刻(immediately)消失了。故选D。 8． A．in time B．in return C．in order D．in turn 解析：选A。作者最终及时(in time)到达了老年护理中心。 in return作为回报； in order有序地； in turn依次。故选A。 9． A．sorry B．grateful C．regretful D．responsible 解析：选B。志愿者们很感激(grateful)额外的帮助。故选B。 10．A．aim B．hope C．interest D．service 解析：选D。上文提到作者是来做志愿者的，当然要为老人提供服务(service)。故选D。 11．A．chairman B．friend C．customer D．neighbor 解析：选B。那天晚上，作者的新朋友(friend)把作者送到车站。故选B。 12．A．noticed B．admitted C．heard D．intended 解析：选A。作者的朋友注意到(noticed)那是一个荒凉的地方。故选A。 13．A．courage B．bravery C．kindness D．confidence 解析：选C。他把作者送到火车站，停下车还要陪作者一起等火车，这充分说明他是一个善良的(kindness)人。故选C。 14．A．adulthood B．childhood C．future D．career 解析：选B。根据下文中的“As a young boy”可知，他是在和作者分享他童年的(childhood)故事。故选B。 15．A．started B．left C．approached D．passed 解析：选C。那天晚上，他和作者一起等着作者的火车进(approached)站。故选C。 Section Ⅱ　Using language—It as an empty subject 观察下列教材原句，注意黑体部分的用法 ①But it is vital not to take any chances． ② It is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries． ③It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy and Alfonso, not to mention all the others I have worked with． ④In a world still facing so many problems, it is absolutely essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity． 【我的感悟】 以上各句中，it充当的是形式主语，而不定式短语在句中充当真正主语。 一、概念 当主语部分相对于谓语部分而言太长时，常把主语部分移到句尾，在主语的位置放上it。it没有具体的意义，仅用于平衡句子，以避免头重脚轻。it作形式主语时常代替三种语法结构：动词不定式(短语)、动词­ing(短语)和从句。 二、用法 1．it代替动词不定式(短语)作形式主语 常见句型如下： (1)It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb．) to do sth． (2)It＋be＋名词＋to do sth． (3)It＋be＋介词短语＋to do sth． (4)It takes sb．some time to do sth． (5)It's up to sb．to do sth． ①It is essential for us to take effective measures to protect the environment． 采取有效措施来保护环境对我们来说是至关重要的。 ②It is a wise choice to develop a reading habit, as reading broadens our horizons． 养成阅读习惯是一个明智的选择，因为阅读拓宽我们的视野。 ③It is beyond our expectations to see such rapid progress in the project． 看到项目取得如此快速的进展，这超出了我们的预期。 ④It took the scientists years of hard work to make the breakthrough in this field． 科学家们花费了数年的时间才在这个领域取得突破。 ⑤When faced with setbacks, it's up to us to decide whether to give up or rise to the challenge． 面对挫折时，是选择放弃还是迎接挑战取决于我们自己。 【点拨】　 (1)在It is＋形容词＋for sb．to do sth．句式中作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点。常见的形容词有easy, important, difficult, possible, necessary等。 (2)在It is＋形容词＋of sb．to do sth．句式中，形容词用于说明不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格、性质等。常见的形容词有kind, nice, good, considerate, stupid, silly, careful, careless等。 ①It is important for students to develop good time­management skills． 对于学生来说，培养良好的时间管理能力是很重要的。 ②It is considerate of the community volunteers to visit the elderly in nursing homes frequently． 社区志愿者们经常去养老院看望老人，真是非常体贴。 ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空 ①It took us three hours to climb (climb) to the top of the mountain． ②It is beneficial for individuals to engage in regular physical exercise． ③It is kind of him to offer help to those in need without hesitation． ④It's up to parents to teach (teach) good values to their children from an early age，which is of great importance for their growth． ⑤It is a good idea to bathe (bathe) in the sun for half an hour every day． 2．it 代替动词­ing(短语)作形式主语 用it代替动词­ing(短语)作形式主语的常见句型如下： It＋be＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/．．．＋动词­ing(短语)．．． ①It is no good just complaining about the problem without taking any action． 光是抱怨问题而不采取任何行动是没有用的。 ②It is a waste of time trying to persuade such a person to join us． 试图说服这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。 ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空 ①It is no use trying (try) to persuade him to give up that wrong idea, because he won't listen． ②It is no good eating (eat) junk food if you want to stay healthy． 3．it代替从句作形式主语 用it作形式主语的主语从句常见句型如下： (1)It＋be＋形容词(clear, certain, obvious, important, likely, necessary ．．．)＋that 从句 (2)It＋be＋名词词组(a fact，a pity, a shame，common knowledge，good news, no wonder, no surprise, an honor．．．)＋that 从句 (3)It＋动词(短语)(seem, happen, occur, turn out等)＋that从句 (4)It be＋过去分词(said, reported, believed, thought, known, arranged ．．．)＋that 从句 ①It is obvious that the development of technology has brought great convenience to our daily lives． 显而易见，科技的发展给我们的日常生活带来了极大的便利。 ②It is no surprise that students who are well­prepared for exams tend to achieve better results． 那些为考试做好充分准备的学生往往能取得更好的成绩，这不足为奇。 ③It seems that social media has become an essential part of daily life, connecting people worldwide． 社交媒体似乎已成为日常生活的重要部分，将全球的人们联系起来。 ④It is reported that electric vehicle sales have seen a sharp rise this year． 据报道，今年电动汽车销量急剧上升。 【点拨】　(1)在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed/．．．that．．．的主语从句中用“(should＋)动词原形”表示虚拟语气。 It is requested that he (should)give a performance at the party． 有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。 (2)it作形式主语时，真正的主语从句可以由that，whether(或口语中的if)连接代词(如what，who)或连接副词(如how, when)引导。 It is unclear whether/if she will come． 她是否会来尚未可知。 ————即学即练3———— 完成句子 ①地球绕太阳转是常识。 It's common knowledge that the earth revolves around the sun． ②建议患者饭后服用此药。 It is suggested that patients take this medicine after meals． ③结果证明，这次实验比我们预期的还要成功。 It turns out that the experiment was more successful than we had expected． ④人工智能的快速发展很可能会在不久的将来改变许多传统行业。 It is likely that the rapid development of artificial intelligence will transform many traditional industries in the near future． 根据汉语提示完成语段 In our daily lives, 1．it's very crucial (是至关重要的) to stay positive．2．It goes without saying (不言而喻) that a positive attitude helps us overcome difficulties．When facing challenges, 3．it's not easy (是不容易的) to keep calm, yet it is necessary．4．It is widely acknowledged that (人们普遍认为) positive people are more likely to succeed．5．It seems clear that (似乎很明显) they view problems as opportunities．6．It has been proved that (已经证明) staying positive benefits both our mental and physical health．Therefore, let's always remember it matters to stay positive！ 单句语法填空 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)With the rise of technology, it is easy for people to make (make) observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application． 2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you want to be published, it's vital to submit (submit) a perfect，professionally presented manuscript (原稿)． 3．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)With so many online posts featuring the same places, it's easy to feel (feel) like you're missing out． 4．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed． [课后分层练11] (时间：45分钟　满分：76．5分) Ⅰ．单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．In our school, only a minority (minor) of students choose to participate in the science club． 2．Volunteering at the local community center turned out to be a highly rewarding (reward) experience． 3．Creating a harmonious (harmony) classroom environment is essential for effective learning and personal growth． 4．Setting realistic (real) goals is crucial for achieving long­term success and maintaining motivation． 5．In an inclusive (include) society, people with disabilities have equal access to public facilities． 6．The success of the volunteering activity was a result of the joint (join) effort between teachers, students, and parents． 7．Cultural (culture) exchange between China and foreign countries promotes mutual understanding． 8．The new community center has helped local residents become connected (connect) through various activities． Ⅱ．链接写作——完成句子(每题2分，共12分) 1．理解科技是如何改变我们的日常生活对我来说是很容易的。 It's easy for me to understand how technology has transformed our daily lives． 2．令人鼓舞的是，看到这么多年轻人积极参与环保项目。 It is really encouraging to see so many young people actively participating in environmental protection projects． 3．在如此快节奏的现代社会中，平衡工作和家庭生活对我们来说真的很有挑战性。 It's really challenging for us to balance our work and family life in such a fast­paced modern society． 4．显然，线上学习既有优点也有缺点。 It is clear/obvious that online learning has its advantages and disadvantages． 5．这周日我不能按约定和你一起外出真是遗憾。 It is a pity that I will fail to go out with you this Sunday as appointed． 6．我很荣幸有机会在这一重要会议上发言。 It's my honour to have the opportunity to speak at this important conference． Ⅲ．链接写作——完成语段(每题1．5分，共9分) My name is Li Hua．I'm writing a letter to you to ask for some help because 1I find it is very difficult for me to learn English (我发现对我来说学英语很难)． Firstly, our texts are full of many new words that 2it's difficult for me to remember (对我来说很难记住)．I have tried every means, but 3it is no use reciting them over and over again (反复背诵它们没有用)． What's more, 4it is also very difficult for me to learn grammar (对我来说学语法也很难)．Faced with so many difficulties, I have to turn to you for some help．5It will be very kind of you to (你是非常善良的) introduce to me some good ways to learn new words．In the meanwhile, 6it is hoped that (希望) you will introduce some rules and good ways to learn grammar． I'm sure that I can make great progress in my English study with your help． Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2025·山东师大附中高二上期中)Age is just a number when it comes to pursuing one's passions．Older individuals often bring a wealth of experience, skills, and fresh ideas to the table, challenging the prejudice that success must come at a certain age．This is illustrated by James Thompson, a 98­year­old artist, who has been running art workshops at a local community center for the past five years． James, residing in Harmony Hills Retirement Community, started his workshops to share his lifelong love for painting and drawing．Despite his age, he inspires participants of diverse ages and backgrounds．“Art is about expressing yourself, no matter your age，” James smiles, encouraging his students to explore their creativity． Some participants come with little to no experience, while others find using their hands challenging due to health conditions．James advises them to focus more on the joy of creating rather than the outcome．“One of my students couldn't hold a brush steadily, and I told him it's not about perfection but about expression，” says James． The workshops began in 2019, providing a creative relief during a time of isolation．James motivated residents to pick up a brush and explore their imaginations, encouraging a supportive environment．Besides teaching artistic skills, the workshops have also become a place to form meaningful connections．Mary Collins, 84, a regular attendee, speaks fondly of the friendship and encouragement she finds in James's classes． According to Lucy Harper, the community center coordinator, “James is truly beloved here．He's not only an exceptional artist but also a mentor (导师) whose passion for life is contagious．We're lucky to have someone like him who makes everyone feel warm．” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了98岁的艺术家James Thompson在过去五年里一直在当地社区中心举办艺术工坊，分享他对绘画的热爱。 1．Why did James start his art workshops? A．To pursue his love for arts． B．To prove art calls for gifts． C．To support local artists． D．To sell his paintings． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“James, residing in Harmony Hills Retirement Community, started his workshops to share his lifelong love for painting and drawing．”可知，James开办艺术工作坊是因为他对艺术的热爱。故选A。 2．How does James encourage his students? A．By focusing on perfecting techniques． B．By encouraging personal expression． C．By limiting their use of materials． D．By setting a strict schedule． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“James motivated residents to pick up a brush and explore their imaginations, encouraging a supportive environment．”可知，James通过鼓励个人表达来鼓励学生。故选B。 3．What kind of person is James? A．Determined and generous． B．Inspiring and welcoming． C．Strict and demanding． D．Sweet and talented． 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Art is about expressing yourself, no matter your age”以及第四段中的“Besides teaching artistic skills, the workshops have also become a place to form meaningful connections．”可知，James是鼓舞人心的，并且他的工坊是欢迎人们加入的。故选B。 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Life is what you make it． B．The early bird catches the worm． C．You can't teach an old dog new tricks． D．Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs． 解析：选A。推理判断题。文章主要讲述了98岁的 James Thompson 虽然年事已高，但依然通过举办艺术工坊表达自己对艺术的热爱，并且激励和温暖了很多人，他没有因为年龄而放弃自己喜欢的事情，体现了生活是由自己创造的。故选A。 B It was a beautiful spring day．The Earth was finally awakening from her winter sleep．New life was everywhere．The sky was clear and blue．The air smelled sweet．The sun was kissing the world with its warmth． I was driving to pick my son up from the sheltered workshop．On my drive I saw the flowers opening in people's yards．The fields were full of yellow dandelions (蒲公英) with some already turning into little white balls of seeds．The trees were starting to awaken too．The flowers on them were white, purple, and pink．The songs of the birds were in the air as well．I was feeling the love from the creation all around me．I longed to be a part of it and share my love as well． I pulled into the driveway of the sheltered workshop and parked my car．As I got out, I saw a lost little caterpillar (毛毛虫) crawling the wrong way towards the sidewalk．He was just about to go under my tire when I reached down and picked him up．I held him gently in my hand and walked over to the grassy hillside on the other side of the parking lot．I sat him down and said, “You will never become a butterfly if you get run over, my friend．Please stay in the grass．” Then I walked off with a smile on my face and a happiness filling my heart． A friend once wrote me and asked what he could do to make a difference in this world．I wrote him back and said, “Everything！” Everything we do makes a difference in this world．Everything we do can help all the creation in the world．Every act of kindness, every shared smile, every moment of love makes a difference．Even saving a single butterfly is priceless． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者在春日里的一次经历，展现了作者对自然、生命以及个人行为影响力的深刻感悟。 5．What can we infer about the author? A．He preferred winter to spring． B．He saw people planting flowers in the yards． C．He went to the workshop together with his son． D．He appreciated new life and desired to share his love． 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中作者对周围美景的描述及“ I was feeling the love from the creation all around me．I longed to be a part of it and share my love as well．”可推断，作者欣赏新生命并渴望分享他的爱。故选D。 6．What happened to the caterpillar? A．It went the wrong way and was nearly injured by a car． B．It was discovered by the author in the grass． C．It was taken away by the author to his car． D．It would soon become a butterfly． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As I got out, I saw a lost little caterpillar (毛毛虫) crawling the wrong way towards the sidewalk．He was just about to go under my tire when I reached down and picked him up．”可知，毛毛虫走错了路，并且差点被车撞到。故选A。 7．Which word can best describe the author? A．Caring． B．Calm． C．Confident． D．Indifferent． 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者看到差点被车撞到的毛毛虫，将它轻轻拿起，带到长满草的山坡上并对它说的话，以及最后一段作者认为每一个善举、每一个分享的微笑、每一个爱的时刻都有意义，可看出作者是关心他人和其他生物的，是有爱心的(Caring)。故选A。 8．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．Explain his views on nature． B．Give some advice to his friend． C．Show his opinion on making a difference． D．Stress the importance of saving a caterpillar． 解析：选C。推理判断题。作者的朋友问他能做些什么来改变世界，作者回复说“我们所做的一切都能改变世界，每一个善举、每一个微笑、每一个爱的时刻都有意义”，所以作者在最后一段是在表明他对于 “做出改变” 的看法。故选C。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2．5分，共12．5分) (2025·山东烟台高二上期中) The Powerful Techniques to Develop Self­Trust We've all heard of self­confidence and self­esteem (自尊), but just what exactly is self­trust? Actually, self­trust is similar to self­reliance and will eventually come down to liking yourself．1( ) Test yourself．The best way to recover your self­trust is to put yourself to the test and give yourself the chance to prove yourself．You might as well spend some more time alone．2( ) This is one of the reasons that many people will go on trips to “find themselves”． Build your confidence．If you lack confidence, then a good way to fight against that is to add to your set of skills．3( ) As you do, you'll give yourself something new to feel good about and you'll be broadening your capabilities． 4( ) To trust yourself, you should try to know precisely what it is that you want to complete．And you can't thereby ignore all the things that don't matter to you．When you learn to do that, you can in turn make sure that you're concentrating on the right things and making progress． Spend time with friends and family who believe in you．Surrounding yourself with other more positive people benefits you a lot．5( ) Thus you will build the confidence you have in yourself． A．Make full preparations． B．Define what you want to achieve． C．Do you believe you can take care of things around? D．They will trust you unconditionally and give you warmth． E．But if you've lost faith, how can you get back to that point? F．Find a hobby you feel gifted at and spend time developing that． G．You'll be surprised at how well you can manage as a fish out of water． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是培养自信的有力技巧。 1．解析：选E。上文介绍了自我信任的概念，下文开始讲述恢复自我信任的方法。E 项起到承上启下的作用，其中 “lost faith” 与上文形成对比，引出下文恢复自我信任的内容。故选E。 2．解析：选G。前一句提到 “You might as well spend some more time alone．”，G 项进一步说明独处时自己也能很好地应对，对上文进行补充说明，且 “as a fish out of water” 形象地表达了独处这种有点陌生的状态。故选G。 3．解析：选F。上文提到“Build your confidence．If you lack confidence, then a good way to fight against that is to add to your set of skills．”F 项是对“add to your set of skills”的具体举例，符合语境，说明了通过培养爱好来增加技能，从而建立信心。故选F。 4．解析：选B。本空是段落的主题句。根据下文“To trust yourself, you should try to know precisely what it is that you want to complete．”可知，本段内容与明确目标有关。 B 项能够很好地概括本段内容，其中 “Define what you want to achieve” 与下文 “know precisely what it is that you want to complete” 意思相近。故选B。 5．解析：选D。根据上文“Surrounding yourself with other more positive people benefits you a lot．”可知，空处应该继续介绍这样做的好处。D项具体说明了和积极的人在一起的好处，“They” 指代上文的 “friends and family who believe in you”，符合逻辑。故选D。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每小题1．5分，共15分) (2025·浙江温州高二上期中)A statue of Petofi stands in the square in front of Lu Xun Museum in Shanghai, 1 (welcome) millions of visitors for the traditional friendship between China and Hungary．2 time went by, there was an increasing interest in learning the Chinese language in Hungary． A 19­year­old Hungary girl, Varge Bonita, 3 Chinese name is Hu Lingyue, traveled thousands of miles to the East and settled down in Beijing for her university life in the hope of knowing more about China．She 4 (fall) in love with Chinese, a language with “5 special tone and beautiful handwriting” when she began to first hear Chinese at the age of seven．For her, learning Chinese is not just about mastering a language, but providing access 6 Chinese history of 5，000 years with so many interesting aspects．With the 7 (popular) of Chinese in Hungary, signs in Chinese have been more and more 8 (common) spotted in streets and Chinese characters are most likely to 9 (see) on bus tickets selling machines． Cultural exchanges and mutual learning between China and Hungary have brought people closer and closer．The horizon is vast．There are 10 (end) possibilities which have not been explored． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一名匈牙利女孩学习汉语的经历，同时在匈牙利，人们学习汉语的兴趣也越来越大。 1．解析：welcoming。考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语动词是stands，设空处是非谓语动词作状语，welcome与其逻辑主语a statue之间是主动关系，要用动词­ing形式。故填welcoming。 2．解析：As。考查状语从句。as time went by意为“随着时间的推移”，as引导的是时间状语从句，因此空格处是as，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。 3．解析：whose。考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Varge Bonita。设空处引导词作定语，修饰后面的名词Chinese name。故填whose。 4．解析：fell。考查动词时态。由at the age of seven可知，句子时态用一般过去时。故填fell。 5．解析：a。考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表达“一种声调特别的语言”，表示泛指，应该用不定冠词修饰，special是以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 6．解析：to。考查介词。access to是固定搭配，意为“接触，进入”。故填to。 7．解析：popularity。考查名词。根据语境和设空前的定冠词the可知，设空处要用其名词形式。故填popularity。 8．解析：commonly。考查副词。设空处单词修饰动词have been spotted，要用其副词形式。故填commonly。 9．解析：be seen。考查被动语态。sb．be likely to do是固定短语，意为“某人可能做某事”，因此要用不定式的被动语态。故填be seen。 10．解析：endless。考查形容词。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词possibilities，空格处意为“无限的”。故填endless。 Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas Step One　Lead­in From 1861 to 1865, what happened in America？Which war？What's the reason for the outbreak of it? The Civil War between the slave­owning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union．The reason is whether slavery should be abolished． Step Two　Read for the main idea Match the main idea with each part． Part 1 (Para．1) A．America was divided by civil war; Gettysburg battle caused heavy losses and despair． Part 2 (Para．2) B．Lincoln's speech gave people hope and called for ending divisions and seeking equality． Part 3 (Para．3) C．Lincoln honors the fallen soldiers, emphasising their sacrifice and the unfinished work to achieve a truly free and equal nation． Part 4 (Paras．4－6) D．Abraham Lincoln delivered a short yet influential speech in Gettysburg in 1863． 答案：Part 1—D　Part 2—A　Part 3—B　Part 4—C Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ．Read Part 1 carefully and do the following exercises． 1．Why did Abraham Lincoln deliver his speech at Gettysburg on November 19, 1863? A．To honor the soldiers who died in the battle． B．To announce the end of the Civil War． C．To celebrate the Union's victory at Gettysburg． D．To criticize the Confederate States． 2．What was the impact of Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg on the American people? A．It caused immediate end of the Civil War． B．It changed their views and helped shape the nation． C．It led to the immediate abolition of slavery． D．It inspired the soldiers to fight harder． 答案：1．A　2．B Ⅱ．Read Part 2 carefully ad do the following exercises． 1．Which two sides were involved in the American Civil War? The slave­owning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union． 2．What was the outcome and cost of the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863? The Union side won．Over 50，000 soldiers were killed or wounded, and people lost hope and purpose． Ⅲ．Read Part 3 carefully and do the following exercises． 1．What was the effect of Lincoln's speech on the civilian people? A．It made them regret the war． B．It brought them hope and vision． C．It urged them to end the divisions． D．It reminded them of founding fathers． 2．According to Lincoln, what should the living do? A．Remember the soldiers' sacrifice． B．Follow the ideals of founding fathers． C．Work for equality among all people． D．Remove the boundaries between East and West． 答案：1．B　2．C Ⅳ．Read Part 4 carefully and do the following exercises． 1．Why were people gathered on the battlefield? A．To remember the nation's founders． B．To end the great civil war． C．To discuss the war's causes． D．To honor the soldiers who died． 2．What does Lincoln think of the battlefield? A．The dead have made it sacred． B．People can fully consecrate it． C．Words can greatly honor it． D．The world will soon forget it． 3．What task does Lincoln assign to the living? A．To start a new government． B．To forget the past sacrifice． C．To continue the unfinished work． D．To divide the nation again． 答案：1．D　2．A　3．C Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following questions with your partners and present your answers to the class． 1．How did Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address influence the future of the United States? 2．What lessons can we learn from Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address today? Your presentation： 1．Lincoln's speech redefined the Civil War's purpose, inspiring unity and equality． 2．It teaches us to honor sacrifices, strive for ideals, and use words to unite．These lessons remain relevant for building a better future today． ◎ The Words That Changed A Nation On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted① a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak．The place was the site of a recent battle [1]where thousands of soldiers had died．The man was Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, and he was there in memory of② the soldiers [2]who had died．The speech [3]he gave was just 268 words long and lasted two minutes．But this address③ to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape④ a nation． [1]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a recent battle。 [2]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the soldiers。 [3]he gave为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词The speech。 At that time, America was bitterly⑤ divided⑥．For two years, its people had been deep in a civil⑦ war between the slave⑧­owning Confederate⑨ Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union⑩．The worst battle lasted three days and took place at Gettysburg in 1863．The Union side won, but at a great cost⑪．Over 50，000 soldiers were killed or wounded, and people lost hope and purpose．What was all this suffering for? Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian⑫ people．His speech gave them hope, belief⑬ and a reason [4]to look to the future．He gave them a new vision of [5]what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down⑭ by its Founding Fathers 87 years before．It was [6]what the soldiers had died for．Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions⑮ between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step⑯ towards the equality⑰ of humankind． [4]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a reason。 [5]what引导宾语从句；过去分词短语based on．．．在句中作状语；过去分词短语set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before作后置定语，修饰the ideals。 [6]what引导表语从句，what在从句中作宾语。 Four score⑱ and seven years ago our fathers brought forth⑲， upon this continent, a new nation, conceived⑳ in Liberty㉑, and dedicated㉒ to the proposition㉓ [7]that all men are created equal． Now we are engaged in㉔ a great civil war, [8]testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure㉕．We are met here on a great battlefield㉖ of that war．We have come to dedicate a portion㉗ of it as a final resting place for those [9]who here gave their lives that that nation might live．[10]It is altogether㉘ fitting㉙ and proper that we should do this． [7]that引导同位语从句，作the proposition的同位语。 [8]动词­ing短语testing．．．作定语，修饰civil war；whether引导宾语从句。 [9]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those；第一个that实为so that引导的目的状语从句，省略了so；第二个that为指示代词，修饰其后名词nation，指代前文提到的国家(美国)。 [10]It作形式主语；that引导主语从句。 But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate㉚—we can not hallow㉛ this ground．The brave men, living and dead, [11]who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract㉜．The world will little note㉝, nor long remember, [12]what we say here, but can never forget [13]what they did here．It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work [14]which they have, thus far㉞, so nobly㉟ carried on．[15]It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve㊱ that these dead shall not have died in vain㊲；that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish㊳ from the earth． (“The Gettysburg Address”by Abraham Lincoln) [11]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The brave men。 [12]what引导宾语从句，作动词note和remember的宾语。 [13]what引导宾语从句，作动词forget 的宾语。 [14]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the unfinished work。 [15]本句为主从复合句。其中含有四个that引导的同位语从句，它们均为名词task的同位语。for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion为定语从句，修饰that cause; that these dead shall not have died in vain为宾语从句，作动词resolve的宾语。 ◎ ①mount v．走上，登上 ②in memory of为了纪念…… ③address n．演说，演讲 ④shape v．塑造；形成；决定 ⑤bitterly adv．痛苦地；愤恨地 ⑥divided adj．分裂的；有分歧的 ⑦civil adj．公民的，国民的 civil war 内战 ⑧slave n．奴隶 ⑨confederate adj．(美国内战期间)南部联邦的 ⑩union n．联邦 ⑪at a great cost 付出巨大的代价 ⑫civilian adj．平民的；百姓的 ⑬belief n．信念；相信，信心 ⑭set down 制定，规定(规则等) ⑮division n．分歧，分裂 ⑯step by step 一步一步地 ⑰equality n．平等 ⑱score n．二十 ⑲bring forth使产生，使出现 ⑳conceive v．构想，设想 ㉑liberty n．自由 ㉒dedicate v．致力于，献身于 ㉓proposition n．见解；主张；观点 ㉔be engaged in从事于；忙于…… ㉕endure v．持续存在 ㉖battlefield n．战场 ㉗portion n．一部分 ㉘altogether adv．完全 ㉙fitting adj．合适的；恰当的 ㉚consecrate v．宣布……为神圣之处 ㉛hallow v．使成为神圣 ㉜detract v．减低，破坏，损害 ㉝note v．注意，留意 ㉞thus far 到目前为止，迄今为止 ㉟nobly adv．高尚地，崇高地 ㊱resolve v．决心；决定 ㊲in vain 白白地 ㊳perish v．死亡 ◎ 改变了一个国家的演说 1863年11月19日，一个天空灰蒙蒙的下午，宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡的一块空地上，一个高大瘦削的男人登上了讲台，开始演说。就在不久前，这里曾是一片战场，数千名士兵牺牲于此。这个人是美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯，他来到这里悼念已逝的战士。他的演说只有268个词，时长两分钟，但却改变了民众的想法，甚至帮助塑造了整个国家。 在那时，美国分崩离析。两年来，美国人民深陷内战之中，一方是拥护奴隶制的南部联邦，另一方是拥护“自由”的北方联盟。最残酷的战斗持续了三天，就发生在1863年的葛底斯堡。北方联盟取得了胜利，但代价惨重。五万多名士兵死伤，人们失去了希望和目标。遭受这些苦难究竟是为了什么呢？ 林肯理解民众的感受。他的演说给了民众希望、信念以及展望未来的理由。他给予了美国人民一个新的愿景，那就是依照87年前开国元勋的理念，美利坚合众国本应成为的样子。那也是已故的将士为之献出生命的原因。现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，一步一步朝着实现人类平等的方向而努力。 87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上建立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由之中，致力于人人生而平等的理想。 当下我们正深陷于一场大规模的内战之中，它考验着这个国家，或者任何一个生于自由、对上述理想深信不疑的国家，能否长久生存下去。现在我们聚集在这场内战的一个重要战场上，我们来到这里，是为了把这里的一部分土地献给那些为了国家存续而献出自己生命的人，作为他们最终的安息之地。我们这样做是完全应当且非常恰当的。 但是，从更广泛意义上来说，我们不能献出——不能圣化——不能神化这块土地，因为在这里勇敢抗争的人们，不论生死，已经圣化了这片土地，这远不是我们渺小的力量所能增减的。世界不会留意，也不会铭记我们在这里说了什么，但它永远不会忘记他们在这里做的事情。他们英勇地坚持至今，现在是我们这些生者献身于这未完成的事业的时候了。我们应该把自己奉献于在我们面前的伟大事业——从这些光荣的逝者身上汲取更多的信仰，来投身于他们为之竭尽最后一丝力量的事业——我们在这里下最大的决心，不让逝者白白失去生命，要让国家获得自由的新生，要使民有、民治、民享的政府永存。 (《葛底斯堡演讲》——亚伯拉罕·林肯) division n．分歧，分裂；差异；分配；除法(联想：divide v．分开，分割　divided adj． 分裂的；有分歧的) 【教材原句】　Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South．．． 现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧…… 【要点归纳】 divide．．．into．．． 把……分成…… be divided into 被分成…… divide．．．between/among．．． 在……之间分配…… 【佳句必背】　A division in people's attitudes towards online shopping has become evident．What's your opinion on it? (应用文之求助信) 人们对网购的态度出现了明显分歧。你的观点是什么呢？ 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The teacher divided the tasks between/among the two groups． ②Students in our class are divided (divide) on whether to hold a class party at the end of this semester． ③There was a division (divide) among our classmates over what volunteer activities to do． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④我们一到那里就被分成了两组。 Upon our arrival there，we were divided into two groups． dedicate v．致力于，献身于(联想：dedicated adj． 献身的；专心致志的　dedication n． 献身，奉献) 【教材原句】　Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth，．．．dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal． 87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上建立了一个新的国家，……致力于人人生而平等的理想。 【要点归纳】 dedicate/devote oneself to (doing) sth． ＝ be dedicated/devoted to (doing) sth． 致力于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事 dedicate sth．to sb． 将……题献给…… 【佳句必背】　There is no doubt that the best prize in life is the opportunity to dedicate to a cause worthy of dedication．(应用文之演讲稿) 毫无疑问，生命中最好的奖品就是有机会从事值得奉献的事业。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①He was dedicated to education all his life, so his dedication won our respect．(dedicate) ②I would like to dedicate my time to helping (help) any student in trouble． 【写成佳句】　一句多译 ③我们的班主任王老师致力于引导我们养成良好的学习习惯。 →Our headteacher Mrs Wang dedicates herself to guiding us developing good study habit．(dedicate v．) →Our headteacher Mrs Wang is dedicated to guiding us developing good study habit．(dedicated adj．) influential adj．有影响力的(联想：influence n．& v．影响) 【教材原句】　Edgar Snow was an American journalist who wrote influential books and articles about China in the 1930s．埃德加·斯诺是一位美国记者，他在20世纪30年代撰写了有关中国的有影响力的书籍和文章。 【要点归纳】 (1)be influential in (doing) sth． 对(做)某事有影响 (2)have an influence on/upon．．． 对……有影响 under the influence of．．． 在……的影响下 (3)influence sb．to do sth． 影响某人去做某事 【佳句必背】　Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion．(应用文之人物介绍) 在被广泛认可的中国历史人物中，我认为范仲淹是最有影响力的。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Confucius, an influential (influence) philosopher in ancient China, shaped moral and social values． ②Nowadays social media has a huge influence on how people communicate with each other． ③The teacher's encouragement influenced the students to study (study) harder for their exams． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④在我的历史老师的影响下，我对古代中国历史产生了兴趣。也就是说，我的历史老师对我产生了很大的影响。 Under the influence of my history teacher, I became interested in ancient Chinese history．That is to say, my history teacher had a great influence on me． in memory of 为了纪念…… 【教材原句】　The man was Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, and he was there in memory of the soldiers who had died．这个人是美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯，他来到这里悼念已逝的战士。 【要点归纳】 in terms of 　 　 就……而言 in favour of 赞同；支持 in honour of 为了向……表示敬意；纪念…… in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于 in support of 支持 in need of 需要…… 【佳句必背】　The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar and is observed in memory of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet in ancient times．(应用文之介绍信) 端午节在农历五月初五这一天，是为了纪念古代爱国诗人屈原而设立的节日。 【练透考点】　用适当的“in＋n．＋of”填空 ①The majority of students are in favour of holding a music festival on campus． ②In terms of math, he is the top student in our class．We turn to him when we encounter difficult problems． ③The school is organizing a grand art exhibition in honour of its 50th anniversary． ④Upon hearing that his students are in need of help, he will come to their assistance without hesitation． ⑤Many volunteers participated in the charity run in support of the children with rare diseases． 【写成佳句】　翻译句子 ⑥考虑到糟糕的天气，足球赛将被取消。 In view of the bad weather, the football match will be canceled． bring forth 使产生，使出现 【教材原句】　Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation．．． 87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上建立了一个新的国家…… 【要点归纳】 bring about 　　　 造成，引起；带来 bring back 把……带回来；使回忆起 bring in 介绍，引进；赚得 bring out (尤指)出版；使显现 bring up 提出(议题等)；抚养；呕吐 【佳句必背】　Her hard work and dedication brought forth remarkable results, which gave her a sense of achievement．(应用文之介绍信)她的努力和奉献带来了显著的成果，这带给她一种成就感。 【练透考点】　用bring短语填空 ①The picture often brings back to me many happy memories of my senior high school days． ②It's important for parents to bring up their kids to be responsible and respectful． ③By starting an online store, she managed to bring in enough money to cover her monthly expenses． ④I don't clearly remember who brought up the question but remember it definitely brought about a heated discussion． ⑤As a teacher, I always try my best to bring out the best in my students． be engaged in 忙于/从事(做)…… 【教材原句】　Now we are engaged in a great civil war．．． 当下我们正深陷于一场大规模的内战之中…… 【要点归纳】 (1)engage in (使)从事；参与 engage sb．in (doing) sth． 使某人参与(做)某事 be engaged in 忙于…… engage oneself in (doing) sth． 参加(做)某事 be engaged to sb． 与某人订婚 (2)engaged adj．忙于，从事于；被占用的 engaging adj． 有趣的，迷人的 (3)engagement n． 订婚，约定 【佳句必背】　(2024·浙江1月卷)Second, it can improve your focus and concentration, making it easier to stay engaged in class．(应用文之建议信)其次，它可以提高你的专注力和注意力，使你在课堂上更容易保持专注。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging (engage) than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies． ②Although engaged (engage) in your study, you should set aside some time to engage yourself (you) in outdoor activities． ③Sarah is engaged to Tom, and their engagement (engage) has brought great joy to both families． 【写成佳句】　 完成句子 ④我完全投入到学习中，很少关注周围的环境。 I was totally engaged in my study and seldom paid attention to the surroundings． 动词不定式(短语)作后置定语 【教材原句】　His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look to the future． 他的演说给了民众希望、信念以及展望未来的理由。 【要点归纳】 英语中常用动词不定式短语作后置定语的情况： (1)被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时； (2)抽象名词way，chance，ability，opportunity等后常用动词不定式作定语； (3)被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词汇对其进行修饰时。 【佳句必背】　I am looking forward to having an opportunity to explore society for real­life experience．(应用文之申请信) 我正在盼望着有一个去探索社会以获得现实生活中的经验的机会。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Scientists are seeking the way to reduce (reduce) carbon emissions, aiming to minimize the impact of climate change． ②My mother is a teacher, who was the first to be admitted (admit) to college in her village． ③The next step to complete (complete) the project is to gather all the necessary materials and resources． ④The way to boost (boost) your confidence is to set small, achievable goals and celebrate every success． 【写成佳句】　 完成句子 ⑤在现代社会，互联网为每个人提供了探索世界各地不同文化的机会。 In modern society, the Internet provides everyone with the chance to explore different cultures around the world． [课后分层练12] (时间：45分钟　满分：78．5分) Ⅰ．单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．With great determination, he managed to mount (登上) the high peak mountain despite the harsh weather． 2．There were six of us altogether (总共), so we decided to book a large table at the restaurant． 3．The government made new policies to improve civil (国民的) living standards, focusing on housing, healthcare, and education． 4．Many traditional handicrafts endure (持续) after centuries, which are treasures of our culture． 5．As project leader, he assigned a portion (一部分) of tasks to each team member based on their strengths． 6．It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves (奴隶) in the ancient world． 7．He conceived (设想) the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts center yesterday． 8．The soldiers fought bravely on the battlefield (战场), determined to protect their homeland． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．There is a clear division (divide) of opinions among the committee members on this important issue． 2．He is one of the most influential (influence) figures in the modern history of China． 3．She faced the unexpected difficulties nobly (noble), never once complaining or showing signs of weakness． 4．The book has a great influence on me, making me interested in Chinese literature． 5．We should not promote the development of the local economy at the cost of air pollution． 6．She spent hours searching for her lost keys, but all her attempts were in vain． 7．The group of young doctors now dedicates themselves to voluntary work． 8．This event tests both physical and mental endurance (endure)． Ⅲ．完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．奖学金为学生们提供了一个能够出国学习并获得国际经验的宝贵的机会。 The scholarship provides students with a valuable opportunity to study abroad and gain international experience．(不定式作定语) 2．成功取决于我们每天所做的事情，而不仅仅是未来我们计划要做的事情。 Success depends on what we do every day, not just what we plan to do in the future．(what引导宾语从句) 3．是否参加课外活动由学生们自己决定。 It is up to the students to decide whether to participate in the extracurricular activities or not．(It's up to sb．to do) 4．我们赢得比赛的消息已经在学校传开了。 The news that we have won the competition has spread throughout the school．(that引导同位语从句) 5．我的电脑在我完成这篇重要论文之前突然死机了，这真是太令人沮丧了。 It is extremely frustrating that my computer crashed right before I finished my important paper．(It作形式主语) Ⅳ．课文语法填空(每空1．5分，共15分) Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, made a speech on 19 November, 1863 in Gettysburg, PennsyIvania in memory of the soldiers who 1had died (die)．At that time, America was 2bitterly (bitter) divided．For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war between South and North．The Union side won but 3at a great cost．People lost hope and purpose．Lincoln understood the feelings of the 4civilian (civil) people．His speech gave them hope, 5belief (believe) and a reason to look to the future．He gave them a new vision of 6what the United States of America should be, 7based (base) on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before．8It was what the soldiers had died for．Now it was up to the living 9to remove (remove) not only the divisions between North and South, 10but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind． Ⅰ．阅读理解 (每小题2．5分，共10分) (2025·江西宜春一中高二上期中)When Craig Miller moved to the Catskill mountains in New York after retirement, the journalist wanted to get away from traffic jams and wildfires and enjoy a quieter pace of life．Yet, one year into his stay, he became his town's newest volunteer firefighter． Driving around town and noticing recruitment (招聘) signs, he decided to dig further．“Speaking to fire chiefs, I realized they are in crisis since more than 60% of all firefighters in the US are volunteers, and rural areas can't get young people to join，” he says．“The chief was trying to recruit me, saying that it didn't matter about my age．” Miller realized that volunteering would be a good way to become a part of the community, so he signed up to train as a firefighter． “The training owned my life for three months, with night classes and Saturday sessions covering everything from operating a pump panel to throwing ladders，” he says．“We started every session with a ‘donning drill’， racing to put 18k of equipment on in under a minute．We sometimes had to do it four or five times and I was staggering (摇晃) by the end．It immediately improved my fitness．” Averaging 60 callouts a year, Miller has experienced his hair­raising moments．“I've been on car fires and wildfires, which are stubborn and difficult．Cars can also give off some gnarly fumes when they are melting，” he says．“The worst feeling is when you get paged, show up and you're the only one at the station．That happened once when I was early into my training and it was terrifying thinking I would have to lead the callout．” The greatest impact has come from helping people during some of the worst moments of their lives．“It's massively rewarding to put yourself out there for strangers and they are so grateful for us, too，” he says．Despite initially thinking he would stop volunteering at 70, Miller is now committed to carrying on．“One of the essential things in life is to feel that your efforts have meaning and that you are making a difference．I'll keep going as long as I'm able．It gets in your blood．” he says． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Craig Miller在退休之后从事消防志愿者的情况。 1．Why did Miller volunteer as a firefighter? A．He desired a sense of belonging． B．He found his retirement life boring． C．He was an adventurous journalist． D．He needed materials for his reports． 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Miller realized that volunteering would be a good way to become a part of the community, so he signed up to train as a firefighter．”可推断出，Craig Miller参加消防志愿者活动是因为他渴望一种归属感。故选A。 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．A fire rescue operation． B．The firefighting training． C．A recipe for building muscle． D．The challenges facing firefighters． 解析：选B。主旨大意题。 第三段详细描述了Miller接受消防员训练的过程，包括夜间的课程、周六的培训内容，以及如何穿戴消防装备等细节。由此可知，这段内容主要聚焦于消防员的培训过程。故选B。 3．What made Miller feel the most terrible? A．He got his car burnt severely in a fire． B．He had more callouts to cope with． C．He was unprepared for the emergency． D．He had to carry out the operation alone． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The worst feeling is when you get paged, show up and you're the only one at the station．That happened once when I was early into my training and it was terrifying thinking I would have to lead the callout．”可知，他感觉最糟糕的是接到火警后一个人去执行任务。故选D。 4．What motivates Miller to continue volunteering? A．He is always full of energy． B．He desires gratitude from others． C．He finds a purpose in his life． D．He can encounter many strangers． 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“One of the essential things in life is to feel that your efforts have meaning and that you are making a difference．I'll keep going as long as I'm able．It gets in your blood．”可推断出，他继续消防志愿者工作是因为他找到了人生的目标。故选C。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2．5共12．5分) (2025·湖南长沙明德中学高二上期末)What gives your life meaning? It is an important and natural practical question that we all ask ourselves at times．It circles around the notion of having a purpose and a reason to wake up and move forward in our lives．1( ) Is it time to bring it back on track? Here's how to get started． Treat your depression Your depression empties your energy and damages your motivation．2( ) Therefore, the key here is taking action no matter what you start with: tackling the depression directly through taking medicines or consulting doctors to get you moving forward．What the action is matters less than taking action itself． Get out of your head into your emotion If you are heavily driven by what you should do, you need to start rewiring your brain to use your emotions as information．3( ) Once you notice them, do something concrete with them again, act．That is how you learn to trust your emotions and use them to guide you, and how you rewire your brain． Explore, experiment You can't figure out your sense of purpose by sitting on the couch and thinking it over．4( ) You also need to focus on doing different experiments with being bold, and taking acceptable risks． The path to discovering or reigniting your sense of purpose is not about making a new decision but focusing on the process that leads to that decision．5( ) A．Hence, your emotions are your source of passion, desire, and energy． B．It may be caused by physical or emotional limitations that take away joy． C．However, for many, that sense of purpose has been absent for long stretches． D．Without them, you don't make the changes that can pull you out of the depression． E．Instead, you need to explore, try things and see what sticks, what works, what doesn't． F．Start by focusing on those slightest feelings telling you what you want and don't want． G．Therefore, you need to clear away obstacles that keep you from acting and moving forward． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何让生活的使命感重回正轨的3种方式。 1．解析：选C。设空处承上启下。 上文提到这是一个关于拥有目标和起床理由并继续生活的重要且自然的实际问题。C项与上文形成对比，引出下文关于如何找回目标感的讨论。故选C。 2．解析：选D。设空处承接上文。上文指出抑郁会耗尽精力和损害动力，下文说关键是要采取行动。D 项中的 “them” 指代上文的 “action”，且强调了行动对于摆脱抑郁的重要性，与上下文衔接紧密。故选D。 3．解析：选F。根据本段小标题“Get out of your head into your emotion”可知，设空处内容与情感相关。F项中的 “feelings” 与情感相关，且 “notice them” 和下文的 “Once you notice them” 相呼应。故选F。 4．解析：选E。根据本段小标题“Explore, experiment”可知，本段主要讲述了在生活中去探索和实验的必要性，所以E项符合本段主题，其中explore为同词复现。故选E。 5．解析：选G。上文说发现或重燃目标感的路径不是做一个新决定，而是关注导致那个决定的过程。G项进一步说明在这个过程中要清除障碍，与上文逻辑连贯，总结了前面关于找到目标感的方法。故选G。 Ⅲ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·安徽蚌埠高二上检测)I was sitting with my study group when I received an email from my landlord．“Your apartment has lost 1 ．” This was my first spring in Montreal．I'm from 2 Saskatoon in winter—so no stranger to cold weather—but the damage an ice storm could 3 wasn't something I was used to． A dozen thoughts raced through my head．With no Wi­Fi or heat, how would I cook supper or finish my 4 for grad school? “You can come and stay with me．” My new friend Kanika's voice cut through the noise of my 5 ．I hesitated because I didn't want to 6 her with a house guest at such short notice．But she 7 ． An hour later, I watched in 8 as the friend I had met only six months ago quickly and generously prepared her own room for me to use．Our night 9 continued into the morning, from what we wanted to do after our graduate studies to our 10 childhood cartoon characters．It turned out that we had much in common． During my 11 ， never once did Kanika ask how much longer I was going to be at her place． 12 she always assured me that I was welcome to stay for as long as I needed．When my power finally came back, we were both sad that our adventure together had come to an end, but 13 that we had made so many memories．What I 14 would be a stressful, lonely week turned into one of friendship and fond memories．And I'll remember that 15 when I see someone else in need． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在蒙特利尔的第一个春天，因为冰风暴导致公寓停电，刚认识六个月的朋友Kanika坚持让作者和自己住一起，两人度过了一段美好的时光。 1． A．appeal B．power C．sponsors D．slogans 解析：选B。根据下文“When my power finally came back”可知公寓停电了。故选B。 2． A．fascinating B．outstanding C．uplifting D．freezing 解析：选D。作者来自冬天寒冷的(freezing)萨斯卡通——所以对寒冷的天气并不陌生。故选D。 3． A．cause B．limit C．tolerate D．detect 解析：选A。但是冰风暴可能造成的(cause)破坏作者并不习惯。故选A。 4． A．reward B．assignment C．request D．certificate 解析：选B。没有Wi­Fi和暖气，怎么做晚饭或完成研究生院的作业(assignment)？根据下文“for grad school”指研究生院的作业。故选B。 5． A．businesses B．notices C．thoughts D．desires 解析：选C。作者的新朋友Kanika的声音划破了作者的思绪(thoughts)。呼应上文“A dozen thoughts raced through my head”。故选C。 6． A．recognize B．entertain C．burden D．charge 解析：选C。作者犹豫了一下，因为作者不想在这么短的时间内去当一位客人来给她增加负担(burden)。故选C。 7． A．insisted B．arranged C．approved D．explained 解析：选A。但她坚持(insisted)。根据下文“and generously prepared her own room for me to use”可知，朋友坚持让作者去自己家。故选A。 8． A．amazement B．curiosity C．sorrow D．embarrassment 解析：选A。一个小时后，作者惊奇地(amazement)看到六个月前才认识的朋友迅速而慷慨地为自己准备了房间。故选A。 9． A．schedules B．imaginations C．expectations D．conversations 解析：选D。她们晚上的谈话(conversations)一直持续到早上。故选D。 10．A．changing B．mistaken C．dramatic D．familiar 解析：选D。从她们毕业后想做什么到他们熟悉的(familiar)童年卡通人物。故选D。 11．A．age B．stay C．study D．escape 解析：选B。在作者逗留(stay)期间，Kanika从来没有问过作者还要在她家待多久。呼应上文“You can come and stay with me．”指作者在朋友家逗留期间。故选B。 12．A．However B．Therefore C．Rather D．Anyway 解析：选C。根据上文可知朋友非但没有问作者还要待多久，反而(rather)欢迎作者久住。故选C。 13．A．grateful B．puzzled C．regretful D．interested 解析：选A。她们有了很多回忆，对此感到感激(grateful)。故选A。 14．A．expanded B．confirmed C．feared D．guaranteed 解析：选C。作者原本担心(feared)的是一个充满压力和孤独的星期，却变成了一个充满友谊和美好回忆的星期。故选C。 15．A．generosity B．thrill C．satisfaction D．kindness 解析：选D。根据上文可知，朋友在作者公寓停电的时候热情欢迎作者去自己家住，这体现了朋友的善良(kindness)。故选D。 Section Ⅳ　Writing—Writing a speech 本单元的写作任务是写一篇演讲稿，介绍一位有影响力的人物。演讲稿是在较为隆重的仪式上或某些公众场所发表讲话的文稿。介绍有影响力的人物的关键之处在于突出其主要经历及贡献。 Ⅰ．谨记写作范式 Ⅱ．积累话题素材 [常用词汇] ①concentrate on 集中于…… ②help each other 互相帮助 ③for example 例如 ④have problem(s) with．．． 在……方面有问题 ⑤be bound to do sth． 一定会做某事 ⑥in a word 总之，一句话 ⑦be known as 作为……而出名 ⑧pass away 去世 ⑨remarkable devotion 非凡的献身精神 ⑩dedicate one's life to 献身于 [出彩佳句] 1．引出主题 ①Good morning, everyone! I'm Li Hua．I'm honored to have the opportunity to make a speech on．．． 大家上午好！我是李华。很荣幸有机会做有关……的演讲。 ②It's my great honor to be here/to have the opportunity to say something about．．． 我很荣幸能在这里/能有机会谈论…… 2．陈述内容 ③Many people believe/hold the view/think that．．． 许多人认为…… ④What I want to stress is that．．．For one thing，．．．For another，．．．；Besides，．．．；In a word，．．． 我想强调的是……。一方面，……；另一方面，……。此外，……。总之，……。 3．提出希望并表示感谢或进行总结 ⑤He/She was highly thought of by many people and will live on in our hearts forever． 他/她受到很多人的高度赞扬，将永远活在我们心中。 ⑥I'd like to wish．．．a success and I hope．．．can perform at your best! 我祝愿……获得成功，希望……能表现出自己最好的状态！ ⑦I sincerely hope what's mentioned above might be helpful to you．Thanks for your listening/attention! 我真诚地希望以上所说的对你有帮助。感谢您的倾听/关注！ 你校英语角近日将举办一场演讲比赛，要求写一篇介绍国际名人的演讲稿。请你根据所给提示，用英语写一篇演讲稿，介绍著名医生马海德(Ma Haide)。 生卒年份 1910－1988 主要经历 及贡献 1．出生于美国，1933年获得医学博士学位后，赴上海进行疾病研究； 2．抗日战争(Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression)期间为前线士兵组织医疗服务； 3．一生致力于推动中国医疗事业的发展。 你的评价 …… 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Good morning, everyone! 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 This is the end of my speech．Thank you for your attention! Step 1　审题谋篇·定框架 定人称 以第三人称为主 定时态 以一般过去时为主 定框架 第一部分：引入话题(简要介绍一位国际名人)； 第二部分：介绍该名人的主要经历及贡献； 第三部分：你的评价。 Step 2　要点翻译·用佳句 1．我想和大家分享一下马海德的有关事迹，他是一位杰出的医生。 I'd like to share something about Ma Haide, an outstanding doctor． 2．他1910年生于美国，1988年逝世。 He was born in America in 1910 and passed away in 1988． [升级]用主从复合句合并句1和句2 I'd like to share something about Ma Haide, an outstanding doctor, who was born in America in 1910 and passed away in 1988． 3．在1933年获得医学博士学位后，马海德远赴上海进行疾病研究。 After completing his Doctor of Medicine in 1933, Ma set off for Shanghai to conduct research into some diseases． 4．在中国人民抗日战争期间，他冒着生命危险志愿和其他外国医生一起上前线组织医疗服务。 During the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he put his life at risk and voluntarily participated in organising medical services at the front alongside other foreign doctors． [升级]用现在分词短语作状语改写句4 During the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he voluntarily participated in organising medical services at the front alongside other foreign doctors, putting his life at risk． 5．马海德一生致力于推动中国医疗事业的发展，这使他在中国人民心中永垂不朽。 Ma dedicated his life to promoting China's medical development．It makes him live on in Chinese people's hearts forever． [升级]用非限制性定语从句改写句5 Ma dedicated his life to promoting China's medical development, which makes him live on in Chinese people's hearts forever． Step 3　连句成篇·达美文 Good morning, everyone! I'd like to share something about Ma Haide, an outstanding doctor, who was born in America in 1910 and passed away in 1988． After completing his Doctor of Medicine in 1933, Ma set off for Shanghai to conduct research into some diseases．During the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he voluntarily participated in organising medical services at the front alongside other foreign doctors, putting his life at risk． Ma dedicated his life to promoting China's medical development, which makes him live on in Chinese people's hearts forever． This is the end of my speech．Thank you for your attention! 主题：共抗疫情 动作 描写 ①assist　 　 v．协助，帮助 ②tackle v．处理，对付(难题) ③relieve v．给(某人)换班；缓解；使轻松，宽慰 ④disinfect　　 v．为……消毒，给……杀菌 ⑤dedicate v．致力于，献身于 ⑥bring forth 使产生，使出现 人物 描写 ①nobly 　　　　 adv．高尚地，崇高地 ②noble adj．高尚的，崇高的 ③devotion 　　 n．奉献 ④devoted adj．忠诚的；挚爱的；全心全意的 描写 词汇 ①infectious adj．传染性的 ②miracle n．意外的幸运事；奇迹 ③ward n．病房 ④harmonious adj．和睦的，融洽的 ⑤joint adj．联合的，共同的 ⑥rewarding adj．值得做的，有意义的 [语段情景用]　在埃博拉疫情暴发期间，许多医学专家自愿前往疫区救死扶伤…… During the outbreak of Ebola，a large number of medical 1．specialists (special) volunteered to go to the affected area to help (用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇：2．assist) the doctors and nurses in relieving pain of the patients．3．Walking through the wards (穿过病房)，they devoted (用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇： 4．dedicated) themselves to the work there．As for them，it is vital to do their part when disasters occur．To make people live in a 5．harmonious (harmony) and peaceful environment，it is useful(用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇： 6．rewarding) for them to sacrifice their own benefits． Because of their joint efforts，the disease was controlled．It is the 7．devotion (devote) of these influential figures that 8．brings forth the miracle (创造了奇迹)． 单元过关检测卷(四) [Unit 4] (满分：120分　时间：100分钟) 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2．5分，满分37．5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2025·河北石家庄高二上期末) Best Volunteer Programs for 2024 Zimbabwe—Volunteer at the African Wildlife Reserve Are you looking for a meaningful way to spend your vacation? Our African Wildlife Reserve in Zimbabwe could use your help! Countless documentaries have featured this program．Volunteers work closely with a wide range of animals, specializing in the release of tortoises (乌龟), vervet monkeys, leopards, and so many more．Not only will you care for the brilliant wildlife, but you will also learn how to collect data and conduct research． Sri Lanka—Women's English Literacy and Empowerment Program Make the most out of your travels by helping middle to lower­class women improve their English skills．You are helping these women create more job opportunities and career choices．This program is on the southwest coast of Sri Lanka, within the beautiful city of Galle．The volunteers have access to wonderful beaches and get to explore the charming city． Belize—Private Island Marine Experience For the ultimate marine (海洋的) protection vacation, look no further! Protect and explore the Belize Barrier Reef from the home­base of a private island．Volunteer tasks include removing invasive (侵入的) species and contributing to a whale shark database．This volunteer program is the leader of invasive species(lionfish) removal in all Belize! Indonesia—Education Enrichment in Bali Become a volunteer in one of Indonesia's most famous and picturesque islands, Bali．Help us provide free educational enrichment to children from local communities．After public school finishes, volunteers help the students complete their homework or work on improving their English, math, and reading skills． [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个独特的国际志愿者项目，为志愿者提供多样化的选择。 1．Who most probably prefer to attend African Wildlife Reserve program? A．Vacation campers． B．Documentary producers． C．Animal lovers． D．Adventure explorers． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Zimbabwe—Volunteer at the African Wildlife Reserve部分中“Volunteers work closely with a wide range of animals, specializing in the release of tortoises (乌龟), vervet monkeys, leopards, and so many more．”可知，最有可能参加非洲野生动物保护区项目的人是动物爱好者。故选C。 2．What is the aim of the Private Island Marine Experience Program? A．To protect the sea life． B．To develop new wildlife parks． C．To discover marine resources． D．To conduct biological research． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据Belize—Private Island Marine Experience部分中的“Protect and explore the Belize Barrier Reef from the home­base of a private island．Volunteer tasks include removing invasive (侵入的) species and contributing to a whale shark database．”可知，志愿者的任务包括移除入侵物种并为鲸鲨数据库做贡献，由此可知，该计划目的是保护海洋生物。故选A。 3．What do the volunteers in Sri Lanka and Indonesia have in common? A．They are from local communities． B．They are better at career choices． C．They are eager to explore． D．They are helpful in English． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据Sri Lanka—Women's English Literacy and Empowerment Program部分中的“Make the most out of your travels by helping middle to lower­class women improve their English skills．”以及Indonesia—Education Enrichment in Bali部分中的“After public school finishes, volunteers help the students complete their homework or work on improving their English, math, and reading skills．”可知，在斯里兰卡和印度尼西亚的志愿者共同点是他们在英语方面是有帮助的。故选D。 B (2025·河南百师联盟高二上期中)Maureen Stanko always felt her son, Nick, had so much to give．Nick is 20 and is on the autism spectrum (孤独症) and despite her knowing he had so much to give, what he would do after graduation kept his mom up at night．In Pennsylvania, where they live, students with disabilities can stay in school until they are 22 years old．Stanko says she's heard from many parents of kids with disabilities that they worry about their kids' futures． Stanko brought the worry to Nick's doctor, Tyler Kammerle, who told her he had a goal of opening a restaurant to employ people with disabilities．They teamed up with philanthropist (慈善家) Kathy Opperman to make that dream a reality． They opened the So Much To Give Inclusive Cafe in Cedars, Pennsylvania in January 2023．They employ 63 people—80% of employees have a disability—and they work as greeters, food runners, chefs, dishwashers and servers． Stanko didn't know if Nick would be able to work at the cafe．But he goes beyond her expectations and helps out at the cafe before it opens, setting up the tables before diners arrive．“I actually brought him here on Wednesday because his school was closed and he set this entire room up without me saying a word，” she said．“And the level of pride in him was just incredible．” Stanko didn't stop at the cafe．Her dream was to create a space to teach people with disabilities．So, across the street, she opened up the Inspiration Studio, where they teach music, life skills, crafts and other classes for people with disabilities． Stanko says she couldn't have done it all without her team and the donors who helped make both of the spaces possible．“I did originally think that So Much To Give was all about Nick and others with different abilities，” she said．“But what I've learned through this whole process is that it's not just about Nick and other people with disabilities．Everybody has so much to give．” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Maureen Stanko和她儿子Nick为了创造包容性工作环境和教育空间所做的努力。 4．What was Maureen Stanko's initial concern for her son Nick? A．His disease diagnosis． B．His future after graduation． C．Finding a good doctor for him． D．Figuring out his personality． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nick is 20 and is on the autism spectrum (自闭症) and despite her knowing he had so much to give, what he would do after graduation kept his mom up at night．”可知，Maureen Stanko最担心的是Nick毕业后可以做什么，即他的未来。故选B。 5．How did Nick feel about working at the cafe? A．Stressed． B．Challenging． C．Pleasant． D．Realistic． 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第四段的描述可知，Nick在咖啡馆工作得非常积极，甚至超出了母亲的期望，他在咖啡馆开门前就来帮忙，布置桌子等，他的母亲也表达了对他的自豪，这些描述都暗示了Nick对在咖啡馆工作感到愉快和自豪。故选C。 6．Why did Stanko open up the Inspiration Studio for individuals with disabilities? A．To create opportunities of work for them． B．To enhance the educational environment． C．To allow them to get mental health services． D．To support them in their learning journey． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“So, across the street, she opened up the Inspiration Studio, where they teach music, life skills, crafts and other classes for people with disabilities．”可知，Stanko开设“Inspiration Studio”的目的是支持残疾人学习，为他们提供音乐、生活技能、手工艺等课程。故选D。 7．What did Stanko learn through the process? A．The importance of having a backup plan． B．The limitations of people with disabilities． C．The necessity of more funding for such projects． D．The universal potential in everyone to contribute． 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可知，Stanko看到了她儿子Nick以及其他残疾人的潜力和能力，她努力为他们创造机会，让他们能够发挥自己的才能，同时，她也从他们的成功中得到了启发，认为每个人都有贡献的潜力。故选D。 C (2025·江苏徐州高二上期中)Many factors can influence whether a patient lives or dies．However, in data from different countries, patients seen by female doctors seem to do better than those seen by male ones． In 2017, Yusuke Tsugawa of Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues in Boston analyzed the medical records of around 1．5 million older adults who had been in hospital in America between 2011 and 2014．They found that patients whose treatment had been performed by a female doctor were about 4% less likely to die than those whose treatment doctor was a man． One disadvantage with the study is that it is retrospective, looking back at naturally occurring data rather than random experiments．This could cover any factors which might be really driving the effect, says Gavin Stewart, an expert at Newcastle University．It could be that female doctors tend to be responsible for healthier patients than their male colleagues．In an experiment where patients were randomly distributed among doctors, female doctors seem to do better． Researchers say the next step is to work out why．“I don' t think it's the presence or absence of a Y chromosome (染色体)，” says Dr Christopher Wallis, “I think it's a series of behaviours that are linked with gender．” Past research has found that female doctors tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide preventive care and tend to stick more closely to guidelines than their male colleagues do．This could reduce the risk of deaths． Understanding why such difference in care will help all doctors improve their practice．For all things that advanced medical equipment and new drugs can do, a physician's judgement seems to be as important． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现由女医生治疗的病人似乎比由男医生治疗的病人好转得快，并解释了背后的原因。 8．In which way was the study in 2017 conducted? A．Theoretical models． B．Statistical methods． C．Practical examples． D．Historical analyses． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They found that patients whose treatment had been performed by a female doctor were about 4% less likely to die than those whose treatment doctor was a man．”可知，2017年的研究是通过统计方法进行的。故选B。 9．What does the underlined word “retrospective” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Critical． B．Backtracked． C．Dated． D．Accurate． 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“．．．looking back at naturally occurring data rather than random experiments”可知，这项实验回顾自然发生的数据，而不是随机实验。故画线词意思是“回顾性的”。故选B。 10．Which statement would Wallis probably agree with? A．Y chromosome determines gender differences． B．Gender difference in care has different effects． C．Female doctors are always assigned with healthier patients． D．Male doctors could reduce the potential risk of deaths． 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Wallis所说的话及“Past research has found that female doctors tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide preventive care and tend to stick more closely to guidelines than their male colleagues do．This could reduce the risk of deaths．”推断出，Wallis可能赞同性别差异对护理有不同的影响。故选B。 11．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．A doctor's judgement is as important as other factors． B．Gender difference can't help improve doctors' treatment． C．We should notice gender difference in doctors' treatment． D．We could use doctors' judgement to improve their treatment． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“For all things that advanced medical equipment and new drugs can do, a physician's judgement seems to be as important．”可知，医生的判断和其他因素一样重要。故选A。 D (2025·山东省实验中学高二上期中)Shortly after ChatGPT was released, in early 2023, a writer named Jason Colavito posted on social media that a computer was replacing him with AI, because it could write content for free．But he is also wanted—at a small amount of his normal rate—to “rewrite” the AI­generated text．This is not the first time that technology has slashed salaries instead of jobs, and the real problem is not AI．The problem is a culture that devalues human labor． With the release of new AI applications, discussions about the future of work are back in full force．A recent study looked at professions in the United States, from poets to financial managers, predicting the 19 percent will soon lose 50 percent of their tasks to AI．But our precious experience with suggests it's much more complicated than technology simply replacing human work． In 2019, an independent research organization Data & Society studied how automation is being integrated in farm management and grocery stores．Counter to the popular belief that the technology was reducing the need for human labor, researchers Alexandra Mateescu and Madeleine Clare Elish discovered that introducing new devices was mostly changing the nature of the work．For example, automated checkout machines kept employees busy, because now they were assisting confused customers, troubleshooting machines, and taking on other tasks to ensure their smooth operation in the store．Most importantly, Mateescu and Elish discovered that the new tasks, which helped accommodate and employ the “automated” technology, were often undervalued or even invisible． The important thing to understand is that the current deskilling and devaluing of labor isn't because the robots are coming for us．It's a cultural problem．As jobs get disrupted (扰乱) and people's livelihoods are threatened, it's easy to point fingers at technology as the unavoidable reason, whether you're an expert or an employer．But what is actually to blame is a society that is willing to let workers be mistreated．It's a big thing to change, but it's not set in stone．And that's the real “robots and jobs” conversation we need to be having． [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述的是人工智能对未来工作的影响，人工智能并不是来夺走我们的工作的，而是改变了工作的性质。 12．Which word has the closet meaning with the underlined word “slashed” in Paragraph 1? A．Created． B．Reduced． C．Improved． D．Removed． 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“But he is also wanted—at a small amount of his normal rate—to ‘rewrite’ the AI­generated text．This is not the first time that technology has slashed salaries instead of jobs, and the real problem is not AI．”可知，他被要求以比正常费用低得多的价格“改写”AI生成的文字，这样就减少了他的薪水，因此slashed的意思是“减少”。故选B。 13．What can be inferred from Mateescu and Elish's findings? A．Humans are still needed to deal with AI­generated problems． B．Humans cannot understand the real value of their own jobs． C．New advanced devices are being integrated in various jobs． D．Automated technology is taking away almost all jobs． 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For example, automated checkout machines kept employees busy, because now they were assisting confused customers, troubleshooting machines, and taking on other tasks to ensure their smooth operation in the store．”可知，Mateescu和Elish发现人类仍然需要处理人工智能产生的问题。故选A。 14．Why do people devalue labor? A．Cultural factors． B．Technological advances． C．Living pressure． D．Unemployment issues． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The important thing to understand is that the current deskilling and devaluing of labor isn't because the robots are coming for us．It's a cultural problem．”可知，人们贬低劳动是因为文化因素。故选A。 15．What's the best title for the text? A．A Wanted Conversation: Humans or Robots B．Robots Aren't Coming for Our Jobs C．A Promising Future: Humans and Robots D．Work Gets Deskilled by Robots 解析：选B。标题归纳题。文章主要论述的是人工智能对未来工作的影响，它并不是来夺走我们的工作的，而是改变了工作的性质，因此最佳标题是B项“机器人不会抢走我们的工作”。故选B。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2．5分，满分12．5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2025·河南洛阳高二上期中)Is studying abroad a good idea or not? There are certainly disadvantages．16( ) As I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties for a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard! The first advantage of studying abroad is personal growth．17( ) For example, you will certainly become more independent because you will have to deal with all kinds of difficulties by yourself．Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective (视野) and improve your general competence． 18( ) Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoy (使者) promoting friendship between nations．International students in China also bring their colourful cultures here．Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture． Finally, studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland．19( ) They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country．China's global outlook, with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, has helped us make connections across the world．Therefore, China needs more talented young people with a global perspective．20( ) Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities, and these in turn will provide them with better career opportunities． A．However, in my opinion, the advantages are much greater． B．Another advantage is the increased chance for cultural exchang$