UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ reading & Project & Assessment-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修2同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（译林版）

UNIT 4　Living with technology Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment 内容索引 整体预习 1 语篇理解 2 课时精练 5 夯实双基 3 互动探究 4 整体预习 返回 ①virtual adj. 虚拟的 原文呈现 名师圈点 Virtual①reality 　　SUSAN：Frank，you've been working at the forefront of developments in virtual reality for many years. Can you tell us what virtual reality is and how it works【1】？ 【1】what引导宾语从句；作动词tell的宾语。 ②lie in 在于 ③equipped with 装备有……；配备有…… ④sensor n. 传感器 ⑤accordingly adv. 相应地 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　FRANK：Of course.The basic definition of VR lies in② the name itself，which means“reality that is not real”【2】．When you wear a VR headset equipped with③ sensors④ and a screen，you are surrounded by three-D images，sounds and other sensory information，which creates a super-realistic effect called “presence”. Though you know the sensory information surrounding you is not real，part of your brain believes it is－and acts accordingly⑤. 【2】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the name ；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词reality。 ⑥practical adj. 实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 practical application 实际应用 ⑦a host of 许多，大量 ⑧academic adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 ⑨interact vi. 相互交流，互动 ⑩endless adj.无止境的；无穷尽的 ⑪the solar system 太阳系 ⑫immersive adj. (计算机系统或图像)沉浸式虚拟现实的 ⑬deliver vt. 传送；交付；发表；递送；宣布，发布 ⑭engage vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系 ⑮enhance vt. 提高；增强；增进 ⑯learning efficiency 学习效率 ⑰visualize vt. 可视化；想象 原文呈现 名师圈点 SUSAN：Thanks，Frank.Can you give some examples of the practical⑥ applications VR has? FRANK：I'd love to.There are a host of⑦ educational applications. Academic⑧ VR enables students to interact⑨ with others in a three-D environment. There are endless possibilities for the subject matter that can be created in a VR system. Imagine studying the solar system⑪ or the human body in a fully immersive⑫ environment. By delivering⑬ the content in a meaningful way，this new approach to learning manages to engage⑭ students' interest and enhance⑮ learning efficiency⑯.The applications can be expanded to make it easier to visualize⑰ data such as engineering projects and a variety of other design developments.It's pretty exciting! ⑱constructive adj. 建设性的；有助益的；积极的 ⑲delicate adj. 精细的；精密的 ⑳drug addiction 药物成瘾 原文呈现 名师圈点 SUSAN：This sounds like it has a lot of constructive⑱ applications. What about its uses for highly developed technical industries such as medicine? FRANK：Surgeons are already using robotic technology with VR to perform complex surgery.What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual“twin”in order to practise delicate⑲ surgery before attempting it on the patient？This technology can be applied to train new surgeons；it also enables experts to test new techniques safely before trying them on human subjects. Treatments of anxiety and drug addiction⑳ are other valuable and cost-effective applications of VR. SUSAN：That is amazing！It sounds like VR will be a life-changing technology as well as a life-saving one.How will it affect the different aspects of our everyday lives，such as entertainment，shopping and travelling? ㉑opponent n. 对手，竞争者；反对者 ㉒interactive adj. 交互式的；人机对话的； 互动的 ㉓clone n．好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物(或植物)vt.克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 ㉔informed adj. 见多识广的；有学问的 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　FRANK：The entertainment industry is one of the most enthusiastic advocates of VR.Current game systems come with headsets so that players can enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual opponents㉑.It won't be long before virtual museums and interactive㉒ three-D exhibitions become common.【3】When shopping online，you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone㉓ try on clothes and to see products with 360-degree views.Also，people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where to go.In both of these cases，this technology will help people make more informed㉔ choices. 【3】before引导时间状语从句。 ㉕as with 如同，和……一样 ㉖barrier n. 障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 ㉗boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 ㉘fine-tune vt. 对……微调 ㉙initial adj. 最初的，开始的n. 首字母 ㉚discourage vt. 阻拦，阻止；使灰心，使泄气，使丧失信心 ㉛figure out 计算出；理解，明白 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　SUSAN：I can't wait！However，as with㉕ any technology，there must 【4】 be some barriers㉖ to the development of VR，I guess? 【4】must表肯定推测，意为“一定……”。 　　FRANK：It really boils down to㉗ three things—time，cost and technical limitations. We will need time to develop and fine-tune㉘ the hardware and software.The initial㉙ cost will discourage㉚ most people in the beginning but that should be fixed over time.The last issue is our own technical limitations.Just trying to figure out㉛ how to do what we want in terms of technology will prove challenging in some areas 【5】． 【5】what引导宾语从句，作动词do的宾语。 ㉜considering prep.考虑到；就……而言；鉴于 conj. 考虑到 ㉝optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的 ㉞keep... in mind 记住…… 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　SUSAN：Considering㉜ there are so many challenges to deal with，are you still optimistic㉝ about the future of VR? 　　FRANK：Sure.When talking about VR，we should keep in mind㉞ its quick rate of evolution.The possibilities seem endless. For example，5G technology，with its potential to serve up more stable mobile connectivity at faster speed，will make it possible for people to enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever they are．【6】Indeed we are only limited by our imagination.What excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology．【7】They're well equipped to become part of a technological generation that will develop and use VR to do things we might think impossible today.【8】 【6】wherever引导让步状语从句，wherever＝no matter where。 【7】what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词citizens。 【8】that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a technological generation；we might think impossible today为省略了关系代词的定语从句。修饰先行词 things。 　　SUSAN：Thank you，Frank.It all sounds wonderful. 译文参考 虚拟现实 苏珊：弗兰克，你在虚拟现实(VR)的前沿开发领域已经耕耘了很多年。你能告诉我们虚拟现实是什么，以及它的工作原理吗？ 弗兰克：当然可以。我们从虚拟现实的名字就能看出它的基本定义，意思就是“非真实的现实”。当你戴上配有传感器和屏幕的VR头戴设备时，你将被三维影像，声音和其他感官信息环绕包围，这些会营造出一种名为“临场感”的超现实效果。尽管你知道身边的感官信息是虚拟的，你大脑中的某些区域还是会相信它是真的——并且会作出相应的反馈。 苏珊：谢谢，弗兰克。你能为我们举几个VR应用的实例吗？ 弗兰克：当然乐意。VR在教育领域有大量应用。教学VR使学生能够在一个三维环境中与其他人互动。能使在VR系统中创作的题材具有无限的可能性。你可以想象在一个完全沉浸式的环境中学习太阳系或者人体构造。这种新的学习手段通过一种富有意义的方式呈现内容，能够吸引学生的兴趣并且提高学习效率。这些应用还能进一步扩展，使得工程项目和其他各类设计开发项目的数据更容易得到可视化的呈现。这真的很令人激动！ 苏珊：听起来VR有着许多具有建设性的应用。那么，它在医药等高新技术产业的应用如何呢？ 弗兰克：外科医生已经在借助VR和机器人技术完成复杂的外科手术。如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？这项技术可以用来训练新晋外科医生，也可以帮助专家在对人体进行实验之前安全地测试新技术。焦虑和药物成瘾的治疗则是另外一些具有价值且成本低廉的VR应用。 苏珊：这太惊人了！听起来VR会是一种既能挽救生命又能改变生活的技术。对于娱乐、购物和旅行等日常生活的不同方面，它会带来怎样的影响呢？ 弗兰克：娱乐产业是最热切追捧VR的行业之一。目前的游戏系统配有头戴设备，能够让玩家进入虚拟环境，与真实或虚拟的敌人竞赛。用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣服、360°全方位查看商品。此外，想要出门度假的人们将有机会以虚拟的方式游览一些目的地，然后再决定去哪儿。在这两种场景下，VR技术将帮助人们作出更明智的选择。 苏珊：我都等不及了！但是任何技术都有瓶颈，VR的发展想必也是如此吧？ 弗兰克：其实说到底就三个方面——时间、费用和技术局限。我们需要时间来开发并调试硬件和软件。早期费用在一开始会吓退大多数人，但这个问题应该会慢慢解决。最后的问题是我们自身的技术局限。在某些领域，光是试图弄清楚如何从技术角度实现我们的想法就将是挑战重重的。 苏珊：考虑到需要应对这么多挑战，你对VR的未来还抱有乐观心态吗？ 弗兰克：当然。当我们谈论VR的时候，需要牢记它的进展之快。VR似乎有着无限可能。比方，5G技术能够以更快的速度提供更稳定的移动网络连接，它将使人们在任何地方都能享受到更为沉浸式的VR体验。我们的确只是受限于我们的想象力罢了。最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，对技术都习以为常。他们具备良好的条件成为技术代的一员。他们在未来将会发展并使用VR所做的事情，在今天的我们看来可能是难以想象的。 苏珊：谢谢你，弗兰克。这一切听起来都很美好。 返回 语篇理解 返回 第一步　文本整体理解：理清文章架构 1．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Applications of VR as well as its challenges. B．Future of VR. C．Widespread usage of VR in our lives. D．Applications of VR in education. √ 2．Skim the passage and fill in the blanks. Topic of the interview Virtual reality Applications Education It enables students to (1)____________ others in a three-D environment. Medicine •Perform (2)________________． •Train new surgeons. •Enable experts (3)____________________________ before trying them on human subjects. •Treat (4)________________________． Other aspects VR can be used in other aspects of everyday lives，such as (5)_____________，shopping and travelling. Barriers (6)_____，cost and technical limitations. Frank’s attitude (7)__________. complex surgery interact with anxiety and drug addiction to test new techniques safely entertainment Time Optimistic 第二步　文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节信息 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Why does Susan choose Frank to be the interviewee of her magazine? A．The relationship between them is fellow students. B．The firm which Frank has been working for is closely related to virtual reality. C．Frank knows particularly how to apply virtual reality into surgery. D．Susan knows that Frank has great interest on virtual reality. √ 2．According to the transcript，which of the following is TRUE? A．Virtual reality is only beneficial to mankind. B．The presence surrounding you is true. C．Virtual reality could be applied in education; medicine; entertainment as well as military. D．Virtual reality refers to the reality that can't be touched or felt really. √ 3．Which statement is right about the application of VR in daily life? A．It helps people save time while shopping. B．It offers more vacation opportunities. C．It allows people to see exhibition at home. D．It helps people make more informed choices. 4．What's the Frank's attitude towards the virtual reality? A．Unbiased.　　　　 B．Suspicious. C．Favorable.　　　　　 D．Indignant. √ √ 第三步　难句解构 1．What excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology. 句式分析　本句为主从复合句。what引导_____从句；that引导_____从句；who引导_____从句。 尝试翻译　_____________________________________________________ _______________ 定语 主语 表语 最令我感到激动的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，对技 术都习以为常。 2．They're well equipped to become part of a technological generation that will develop and use VR to do things we might think impossible today. 句式分析　本句为主从复合句。that引导_____从句，修饰先行词generation；we might think impossible today为省略了关系代词的_____从句。 尝试翻译　 _____________________________________________________ _______________________ 返回 他们在未来将会发展并使用VR所做的事情，在今天的我们 定语 定语 看来可能是难以想象的。 夯实双基 返回 核心单词 1．_________ problems　　　 实际问题 2．trade ________ 贸易壁垒 3．the _______cost 早期费用 4．at the _________of fashion 以时尚为代价 5．________differences 性别差异 practical barriers initial expense gender 拓展单词 1．__________ n. 定义；释义，解释 →define vt.给(词语)下定义；解释(词语)的含义；明确；界定 2．_________ adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 →practice n. 实践；惯例；习惯；习俗 3．__________ adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 →academically adv. 学术上；学业上 4．________vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用 → engagement n．订婚；预约；联系；聘用 5. __________ adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的 →optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义 →optimist n. 乐观的人；乐天派 definition practical academic engage optimistic 6．_______ vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰 →annoyed adj.感到恼怒的，感到烦恼的 →annoying adj.令人恼怒的，令人生气的，令人烦恼的 →annoyance n. 恼怒，生气，烦恼；使人烦恼的事 7．______ n. 球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界 → global adj.全球的 →globally adv.全球地 8．______ n．&vt. 羡慕，妒忌 →envious adj.羡慕嫉妒的 annoy envy globe 第一组　汉译英 1．________________　　　 配备有…… 2．____________ 各种各样的 3．______ 在于 4．_____________ 被应用于 5．________________ 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 6．__________ 弄清楚 7．___________ 从……的角度；依据 8．__________________ 对……乐观 9．_____________ 记住 10．_____________ 把……看作 重点短语 be equipped with lie in a variety of be applied to at the expense of figure out in terms of be optimistic about keep in mind think of...as 第二组　英译汉 11．at the forefront of __________________________ 12．be surrounded by ____________ 13．a host of _____________ 14．boil down to ____________________ 15．serve up ______ 提供 归结为，基本问题是 处于最前列，进入重要地位 被……围着 许多，大量 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．What if...？“要是……会怎样呢？” ______________________________________(如果我告诉你，医生可以创造出)a virtual“twin”in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? 2．before引导时间状语从句 ____________________(不久就……)virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common. 典型句式 What if I told you that doctors could create It won't be long before 3．特殊疑问词＋动词不定式 Also，people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding ___________(去哪儿). 4．wherever引导让步状语从句 For example，5G technology，with its potential to serve up more stable mobile connectivity at faster speed，will make it possible for people to enjoy a more immersive VR experience ________________(无论他们在任何地方). 返回 where to go wherever they are 互动探究 返回 1 What if ...？“要是……会怎么样呢？” (教材原句)What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual“twin”in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? 如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？ How come...？　　　　 ……怎么会这样？ How/What about...? ……怎么样？ So what? 那又怎样？ Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事呢？ 佳句　What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? 如果他们长时间谈论你并不感兴趣的画怎么办？ 基础练透——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①What ___ there is a wonderful football match on Saturday nights? ②If she spent five years in Paris，_____ come her French is so bad? ③—I'm afraid it's too expensive. —_________(那又怎样)？We have plenty of money. 能力提升——微写作 ④要是他不陪你去北京怎么办呢？ _________________________________ Beijing? So what if how What if he doesn't accompany you to 2 before引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)It won't be long before virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common. 用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。 (1)It＋be＋时间段＋before从句 “多久之后才……”。 (2)It＋be＋not long＋before从句 “不久就……”。 佳句　Don't worry.It won't be long before you adapt to the new environment. 别担心。你不久就会适应新环境。 名师点津　It＋is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句，表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①There was additional work to be done _______ all the troops would be ready. ②It has been ten years ______ we last saw each other. 能力提升——微写作 ③我们还需要一段时间才能从统计数据上证明这些变化是由气候变化引起的。 ________________________ we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change. before since It'll be some time before 3 特殊疑问词＋动词不定式 (教材原句)Also，people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where to go. 此外，想要出门度假的人们将有机会以虚拟的方式游览一些目的地，然后再决定去哪儿。 (1)“疑问词十动词不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，疑问词包括疑问代词(who，what，which)和疑问副词(when，where，how)。 (2)该结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 (3)该结构常常可以转换成相应的名词性从句。 佳句　She couldn't think what to give the children for the Spring Festival. 她想不出春节该送孩子们什么礼物。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①When and where to hold the meeting ________(remain) to be discussed further. ②I don't know ______to do with this problem. It's too hard. 能力提升——微写作/句型转换 ③关于如何改进改编自我们英语课本的短剧你能给我们一些建议吗？ Could you give us some advice on ___________________________ adapted from our English textbook? ④I'd like to take this opportunity to talk about the way in which I learn English on the Internet. →I'd like to take this opportunity to talk about __________________________ _________．(疑问词＋动词不定式) remains what how to improve the short play how to learn English on the Internet 4 wherever引导让步状语从句 (教材原句)For example，5G technology，with its potential to serve up more stable mobile connectivity at faster speed，will make it possible for people to enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever they are. 比方，5G技术能够以更快的速度提供更稳定的移动网络连接，它将使人们在任何地方都能享受到更为沉浸式的VR体验。 (1)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 (2)no matter＋wh-只引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，其含义相当于wh-＋ever，意为“不管，无论”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。 佳句　In my opinion，whenever in trouble，we should seek help from those we trust most. 我认为，无论何时遇到困难，我们都应该向我们最信任的人求助。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Jordan said that no matter _____it ends，it starts with hope. ②_________ it is，the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. ③So，________ you are，thank you for the random act of kindness that not only helped my mother out，but made her day too. ④No matter _____ I have difficulties in my English study，you are the one that I will turn to first. how Whatever when whoever 能力提升——一句多译 ⑤不管未来的生活有多大的挑战，我都愿意勇敢地去拥抱它。 →____________________________________，I'd like to embrace it bravely. (no matter＋疑问词) →_________________________________，I'd like to embrace it bravely.(疑问词＋ever) No matter how challenging the future life is However challenging the future life is 5 annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰 (教材原句)Does it annoy you to see cars blocking the road like weeds when you are travelling? 当你旅行时，看到汽车像杂草一样堵在路上，你会感到烦恼吗？ (1)annoy sb. with sth./by doing sth.　 因某事/(做)某事使某人烦恼 What annoys sb. most is that... 最让某人生气的是…… (2)be annoyed with sb. 对某人感到生气 (3)annoying adj. 使人不高兴的；恼人的 佳句　You will get annoyed in a theater when a person sits too close to you. 在剧院里，如果有人坐得离你太近，你会很生气。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Who hasn't received an email so _________ (annoy) that it ruined an entire day? ②To be honest，voters sometimes feel ________ (annoy)，not because they hate voting，but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. 能力提升——微写作 ③最使他恼火的是没有人向他道歉。 _____________________________ he had received no apology. 语境串记 What annoyed me yesterday was that he said some annoying words and it also made my parents annoyed. 昨天让我生气的是他说了一些令人讨厌的话，这也让我的父母很生气。 annoyed annoying What annoyed him most was that 维度1　单词拼写 1．Duties and taxes are the most obvious ________(障碍) to free trade. 2．It wouldn't be _________(切合实际的) for us to go all that way just for the weekend. 3. With repeated applications of weedkiller，the ______(杂草) were overcome. 4．Women are sometimes denied opportunities only because of their ________ (性别). 5．The garden was transformed at great _______(花费). 随堂演练 barriers practical weeds gender expense 维度2　单句语法填空 1．He is a person who is optimistic ______ life and we all like to associate with him. 2．It ________(annoy)me that I didn't have time to do more ironing. 3．He saw the ________(envy) look in the other boy's eyes. 4．Established in 1990，the HSK test was _________(initial) meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language. 5．They are engaged ____ talks with the Irish government. envious annoyed about initially in 维度3　完成句子 1．无论你住在哪里，你都有必要学会为一些紧急情况做准备。(wherever) __________________，it's necessary for you to learn to prepare for some emergencies. 2．他们一直站在政治变革运动的最前线。(forefront) They have been __________________the campaign for political change. 3．他以牺牲健康为代价建立了企业。(expense) He built up the business _________________his health. 返回 Wherever you live at the forefront of at the expense of 课时精练 返回 层级一　过基础　教材核心知识精准练 维度1　根据汉语或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共10分) 1. New technology has enabled the development of an online _______(虚拟的) library. 2. The latest Japanese vacuum cleaners contain _______(传感器) that detect the amount of dust and type of floor. 3．I think there are many positive aspects to being a _____(双胞胎). 4. A team from the UK were the first to successfully ______(克隆) an animal. 5．There is no reason why love shouldn't cross the age _______(障碍). virtual　 sensors　 twin　 clone　 barrier 6．They are cautiously __________(乐观的) that the reforms will take place. 7．Their garden is a wilderness of grass and _______(杂草). 8．We need to look at a more expansive __________(释义) of the term. 9．The rocket launched two communications s_________ at one time. 10．Discrimination on the basis of race，g______，age or disability is not allowed. optimistic　 weeds　 definition　 atellites　 ender 维度2　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(每小题1分，共10分) 1．Equally，friends have to learn to put up with _________(annoy) habits and to tolerate differences of opinions. 2．There are many reasons that/which lead to the severe ______(globe) warming. 3．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped _____ knowledge and skills for your future job. 4．It may all boil down ____ a misunderstanding. 5．_________(engage) in exploring splendid Chinese culture gives him a chance to act as a cultural messenger. annoying　 global　 with　 to 　 Engaging　 6．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed ____________(academic) and personally. 7．No one could figure _____ how he got to be so wealthy. 8．The problem lies ____ that people still haven't realized the importance of environmental protection. 9．I am going to draw up a list of questions everyone should keep ____ mind when they are writing their journals. 10．The company has now overtaken IBM ____ terms of size and reach. academically　 out　 in 　 in 　 in 　 维度3　完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．许多问题可能会推迟新桥的通车。(delay) Many problems may________________________________． 2．重要的是，我们每天应该留出一些时间做运动，这样才能保持精力充沛。(主语从句) ______________________ we should set aside some time every day for sports so that we can keep ourselves energetic. 3．如果他生气了怎么办？我有点担心。(what if) ____________________ I'm a little worried. delay the opening of the new bridge What is important is that What if he gets angry 4．李江和苏华在迎接英国学生时穿什么衣服的问题上意见不一。(疑问词＋动词不定式) Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on ____________ when greeting the British students. 5．无论遇到什么困难，她的决心总能使她渡过难关。(whatever) Her determination always carries her through ___________________________ _______． what to wear whatever difficulties she meets with 维度4　课文语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 　　VR (virtual reality)，just like its name，1.______(mean) reality that is not real. Though you know the sensory information 2.___________(surround) you is not real，part of your brain believes it is and acts 3.___________ (according).VR can be used in many fields，education，for example.　It helps students understand many complex situations such as the universe 4.____ micro world.In medicine，VR can help surgeons practice operating on a virtual “twin” before operating 5.___ the real person. It can also help train new surgeons. means　 surrounding　 accordingly　 and　 on 　　VR has a 6._______(vary) of applications in our daily life.Some game systems allow players 7._______(put) on a special headset and they will enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual 8.__________ (opponent). VR is being introduced to help people see exhibitions in museums，do shopping and select travel destinations. In either case，VR will help people make more 9._________(inform) choices. 　　Though there are some barriers for the development of VR，it is promising. Especially during this age 10._____ technology is developing fast，everything is possible. variety　 to put　 opponents　 informed　 when 层级二　过能力　学科必备素养提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) 　　Blind people have long desired for brightness，but scientists don't have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality，Zhiyong Fan，a materials scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology，developed a new artificial eye recently. The device，which is about as sensitive to light and has sharper vision and a faster reaction time than a real eyeball，may outperform human eyes. The human eye owes its wide field of view and clear eyesight to the retina(视网膜)—an area at the back of the eyeball covered in light-detecting cells. The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light-sensitive material. At the back of the eyeball，an artificial retina is lined with nanoscale light sensors(纳米级光感器). Those sensors measure light that passes through the lens(晶状体) at the front of the eye.Wires attached to the back of the retina send signals from those sensors to the processor，similar to the way nerve networks connect the eyeball to the brain. “In the future，we can use this to replace damaged human eyes，” says the lead designer. In theory，this artificial eye could see more clearly than the human eye，because the artificial retina contains about 460 million light sensors per square centimeter while a real retina has about 10 million light-detecting cells per square centimeter. Besides，the artificial eyeball records changes in lighting faster than human eyes can—within about 30 to 40 milliseconds，rather than 40 to 150 milliseconds. Although its 100-degree field of view isn't as broad as the 150 degrees a human eye can take in，the device can see as well as the human eye in poor light. 　　Hongrui Jiang，an electrical engineer at the University of Wisconsin，though，thinks engineers need a much more practical and efficient way to produce vast series of tiny wires on the back of the artificial eyeball to give it superhuman sight，which is super hard to achieve. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了香港科技大学的一位科学家开发人工眼帮助盲人重获光明。 1. Why does Zhiyong Fan develop the artificial eye? A．To replace people's real eyeballs. B．To gain a sharper vision. C．To help the blind regain their eyesight. D．To help normal eyes perform better. 细节理解题。由第一段“Blind people have long desired for brightness，... Hong Kong University of Science and Technology，developed a new artificial eye recently.”可知，发明人工眼的目的是帮助盲人重获光明。故选C项。 √ 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The design of the artificial eye. B．The structure of the human eye. C．The advantages of the artificial eye. D．The material used for the artificial eye. 段落大意题。由第二段“The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light-sensitive material.”可知，第二段主要讲人工眼的结构设计。故选A项。 √ 3. What can we learn about the artificial eye and the human eye? A．They have the same structure. B．The artificial eye may see more clearly. C．The human eye sees better in weak light. D．The artificial eye takes in a broader view. 细节理解题。由第三段“In theory，this artificial eye could see ... has about 10 million light-detecting cells per square centimeter.”可知，理论上人工眼可能比真正的眼睛看得更清楚。故选B项。 √ 4. Which word best describes Hongrui Jiang's attitude to the artificial eye? A．Doubtful.　　　　 B．Favorable. C．Tolerant. D．Ambiguous. 观点态度题。由尾段“Hongrui Jiang，an electrical engineer... which is super hard to achieve.”可知，他认为科学家们设想的很难达成。持怀疑的态度。故选A项。 √ Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) 　　What kinds of homes will we live in in the future？ 1 can be sure，but scientists are working out new ideas now. 　　Some scientists are 2 about building whole cities under huge glass domes(圆盖). 3 ，advanced heating and cooling systems will be necessary to control the weather in the domes. 4 ，there will never be any rain or snow，and the temperature will always be 5 ． 　　Perhaps everyone will live in vertical(垂直的)cities—high rises 6 are so large that they can contain all the necessities of life.Since vertical cities will use 7 land than flat cities，and provide homes 8 more people，they will be practical for small countries that have 9 populations. 　　 10 idea that will be helpful to small countries is the 11 city.Monaco has already built homes，stores and offices 12 the water of the Mediterranean Sea. 　　There are some people who think that we will 13 living in caves.But the caves of the future will be 14 the caves of the Stone Age.Farms and parks will be on the land over the cave city.When people want to go to the country or to a park，a short 15 in a lift will take them there. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。没有人知道未来的房子是什么样的，文章主要介绍了大科学家已经构思出了几种模式，你可以想象一下吗？ 1． A．Somebody　　　　　 B．Anybody C．Nobody D．Everybody √ 根据上文“What kinds of homes will we live in in the future? ”及空后“can be sure”并结合常识可知，没有人能够肯定地说出未来的房屋是什么样子，后面科学家也只是预测。故选C项。 2． A．thinking B．considering C．imagining D．suggesting 对于未来的房屋科学家也只是思考，根据空后的about可知，只有think和about是固定搭配，think about doing sth. 意为“思考/思索做某事”，而consider doing为固定搭配，consider后不加介词，直接跟动词-ing形式。故选A项。 √ 3．A．On the other hand B．As a result C．Of course D．At the same time 4．A．Similarly B．However C．Accordingly D．Moreover 上一句说了有先进的系统在穹顶下模拟大自然的天气，然而却又没有雨雪等恶劣天气。however使文章前后形成转折。故选B项。 √ √ 建造穹顶下的城市，与大自然隔绝。为了生存，当然需要必要的系统，而of course意为“当然”。故选C项。 5．A．cool B．warm C．comfortable D．satisfied 6．A．that B．they C．where D．who 分析句子结构，“are so large that they can contain all the necessities of life”. 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词high rises，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that/which。故选A项。 √ √ 根据“there will never be any rain or snow”可知先进的人造系统控制穹顶内的天气，把不好的天气都人为地去掉，都是好天气，让人永远舒适。故选C项。 7．A．wider B．more C．less D．larger √ 根据常识，垂直城市利用高度空间，会比平地的城市用较少土地，并且与下文“provide homes more people”呼应，较少的土地为更多的人提供房屋，所以和下文结论“they will be practical for small countries that have populations. ”意义一致。故选C项。 8．A．on B．to C．with D．for √ 该空所需介词是与provide的固定搭配，provide sth.for sb./provide sb.with sth.故选D项。 9．A．small B．large C．a few D．many 该空所需形容词是修饰populations的，populations是一个数字概念，只能用“big/large”或“small”修饰，排除C和D。结合本句句意垂直城市占用较少土地，为更多人提供房屋，可知是对人多地少的小国(for small countries)特别实用。故选B项。 √ 10. A．One B．Second C．Next D．Another 11．A．floating B．flowing C．shipping D．blowing 根据下文“Monaco has already built homes，stores and offices the water of the Mediterranean Sea.”可知，另一个主意是在水上建房屋，所以应该是漂浮的城市，符合语境。故选A项。 √ √ 上文“Perhaps everyone will live in vertical cities”已经对未来居住的房屋有了一个主意——垂直城市； 本句提到的漂浮城市是另一个主意。故选D项。 12．A．in B．above C．over D．on 13．A．be used to B．be C．go back to D．continue 根据常识，远古时代，人类就是居住在洞穴的，现在说未来人类有可能生活在洞穴，那就是回到过去人类住过的洞穴。故选C项。 √ √ 根据句意，建的是漂浮城市，应该是在水上； 而over和above是在……上方，指的是悬在空中。故选D项。 14．A．similar to B．compared to C．in place of D．different from 15．A．ride B．drive C．living D．travel 根据“lift电梯”，可知搭乘电梯从洞穴向上到达上面的公园，应使用ride。故选A项。 √ √ 未来人类有可能居住在洞穴，但是肯定和过去的不一样，更先进。结合空后“parks will be on the land over the cave city. ”可知未来的洞穴将会不同于石器时代的洞穴。故选D项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 　　Technophobes are people who hate modern technology，1.__________ (probable) because they don't understand it，or because they are afraid of doing something wrong and 2.________(ruin)the equipment. 　　However，this is not a new phenomenon(现象). At the turn of the 20th century，when electricity was set up in many homes，signs 3._____________ (place)on the wall next to the light-switches advising people 4._________ were used to gas lighting not to light the electricity with a match! probably ruining were placed who/that 　　There were many cases where people were unaware of how to use new machines，causing 5.________________(embarrass)in the would-be user and amusement in the observer. 　　When 6._______(video)first came on the market，a woman，who had never seen a video-tape before，took one tape out of the box 7._______ began shaking it violently. Seeing this，her husband asked her what she 8._________ (do). She replied，“Shaking the tape.9._____ says on the tape ‘Shake before use’”. Her husband told her the name of the film was “Shake Before Use”！ embarrassment videos and was doing It 　　Whatever your phobias(恐惧)，new technology is here to stay until someone comes along and invents something newer for us 10.________ (use). 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了技术恐惧症会导致使用者的尴尬和观察者的娱乐。新科技会一直保持下来，直到有新的技术来替代。 to use 1．答案：probably　 2．答案：ruining 考查非谓语动词。of是介词，后面用动词-ing形式作宾语，and连接两个并列的动词-ing形式结构，此处用ruin的动名词ruining。故填：ruining。 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处缺少副词作状语，修饰because引导的原因状语从句。故填：probably。 3．答案：were placed　 4．答案：who/that　 考查定语从句。“were used to gas lighting”部分为限制性定语从句，先行词people作从句的主语，且表示人，用关系代词who或者that引导。故填：who/that。 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语“At the turn of the 20th century”可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且signs与place构成逻辑上的被动关系，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。主语signs为复数名词。故填：were placed。 5．答案：embarrassment　 6．答案：videos　 考查名词的单复数。When引导的时间状语从句缺少主语，表示事物的一类，用复数形式。video的复数形式为videos。故填：videos。 考查词性转换。空处作causing的宾语，用embarrass对应的名词形式，且为不可数名词。故填：embarrassment。 7．答案：and　 8．答案：was doing　 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。丈夫看见女人在摇晃录像带，询问她当时正在做什么，用过去进行时。主语she为第三人称单数。故填：was doing。 考查连词。拿出录像带和猛烈摇晃构成了并列结构，用and连接。故填：and。 9．答案：It　 10．答案：to use　 考查非谓语动词。表示“更新的东西”，空处放在不定代词something后作定语，用动词不定式to use。故填：to use。 考查代词。空处缺少代词指代前一句的the tape，表示物，用it。故填：It。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 4　Living with technology 返回 $