专题07 时态与语态(语法知识)-2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练(浙江专用)

2025-12-04
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 谓语动词的时态,被动语态
使用场景 中考复习-一轮复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 浙江省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 135 KB
发布时间 2025-12-04
更新时间 2025-12-04
作者 2020SKY
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-12-04
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/55268842.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦“时态与语态”专题,覆盖中考核心的七种时态及被动语态,知识清单按“结构解析-主要用法”系统梳理,考点解析针对“主将从现”“隐性语境判断”等高频考点,通过“中考考题再现-核心知识清单-考点精析-强化训练”四环节,帮助学生构建知识网络,突破时态辨析、语态转换等难点。 亮点在于“真题情境化+考点分层突破”策略,如“主将从现”考点结合2025浙江真题“when his sister returned...”,通过语境分析引导学生掌握从句时态规则,培养语言能力和思维品质。强化训练设单项选择(含被动语态题如“Chinese kites...were designed”)和短文填空,分层提升学习能力。资料帮助学生高效掌握考点,教师可依此把控复习节奏,实现精准备考。

内容正文:

2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练(浙江专用) 专题07 时态与语态 目录清单 第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向 第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第三部分 核心考点解析考点精析 能力巩固 第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 中考考题再现 1.(2025・浙江)when his sister ______ (return) home from her university study abroad, she was surprised to see his gold medal on the wall. 答案:returned 解析:考查一般过去时。根据 “was” 可知句子为一般过去时,return 的过去式为 returned。 2.(2024・浙江)He asks questions all day long and ______ (hope) to get the answers at once. 答案:hopes 解析:考查一般现在时第三人称单数。and 连接并列谓语,主语为 He,时态为一般现在时,hope 的第三人称单数形式为 hopes。 3.(2023・浙江衢州)Every day, he ______ (wear) a grey hat and a pair of blue trousers. 答案:wears 解析:考查一般现在时第三人称单数。根据 “Every day” 可知句子为一般现在时,主语为 he,wear 的第三人称单数形式为 wears。 4.(2023・浙江丽水)Kendall Rae ______ (begin) gardening at age three, when her great-grandmother gave her some fresh collard greens. 答案:began 解析:考查一般过去时。根据 “at age three” 可知句子为一般过去时,begin 的过去式为 began。 5.(2023・浙江绍兴)When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family ______ (move) from Chicago to Northern California. 答案:moved 解析:考查一般过去时。根据 “When Reshma Kosaraju was 12” 可知句子为一般过去时,move 的过去式为 moved。 6.(2023・浙江宁波)Ann hardly ______ (believe) that. 答案:believed 解析:考查一般过去时。整段叙述过去发生的事情,时态为一般过去时,believe 的过去式为 believed。 7.(2023・浙江衢州)He ______ (love) by everyone in our school. 答案:is loved 解析:考查一般现在时被动语态。主语 He 与动词 love 为被动关系,陈述事实用一般现在时,被动语态结构为 “is + 过去分词”。 8.(2023・浙江湖州)Thousands of years ago, they ______ (create) to help with farming. 答案:were created 解析:考查一般过去时被动语态。主语 they(指代 24 solar terms)与动词 create 为被动关系,根据 “Thousands of years ago” 可知用一般过去时,被动语态结构为 “were + 过去分词”。 9.(2023・浙江)About twenty thousand people ______ (kill). 答案:were killed 解析:考查一般过去时被动语态。主语 people 与动词 kill 为被动关系,叙述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,被动语态结构为 “were + 过去分词”。 ◇Part 02 核心知识清单 常考核心时态 一、一般现在时 【结构解析】 肯定句:主语 + 动词原形(主语为第三人称单数时,动词需加 - s/-es。 否定句:主语 + don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形(当主语是第三人称单数时用 doesn't,其余用 don't) 疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形?(句首用 Does 时,主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词还原) 动词变第三人称单数规则:一般直接加 -s;以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -es;以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -es;特殊变化如 have→has) 【主要用法】 ① 表习惯性、经常性动作(常搭配频度副词) 常见频度副词:always(总是), usually(通常), often(经常), sometimes(有时), seldom(很少), never(从不) 例:She often reads English in the morning.(她经常早上读英语。) ② 表客观事实、普遍真理 这类句子不受时间限制,时态固定为一般现在时 例:The earth moves around the sun.(地球绕太阳转动。) ③ 表时间表 / 计划的将来动作 常用于火车、飞机等交通工具时刻表,或日程安排 例:The train leaves at 8:00 a.m.(火车早上 8 点出发。) ④ 时间 / 条件状语从句中表将来(主将从现原则) 时间状语从句连词:when, while, as soon as, until 等;条件状语从句连词:if, unless 等 例:I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.(我一到机场就给你打电话。) 二、一般过去时 【结构解析】 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形? 规则动词过去式变化:一般直接加 -ed;以 e 结尾加 -d;以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -ed;重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该字母再加 -ed;不规则动词需特殊记忆。 【主要用法】 ① 表过去具体动作 / 状态(常搭配过去时间状语) 常见时间状语:yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), ago(... 以前), in + 过去年份等 例:I visited the Great Wall last year.(我去年参观了长城。) ② 表过去习惯动作(用 used to/would) used to 强调过去与现在对比,暗含现在不再如此;would 只表过去重复动作 例:He used to play basketball after school.(他过去放学后常打篮球。) 三、一般将来时 【结构解析】 will/shall + 动词原形:第一人称 I/we 后可用 shall(较正式),其余人称用 will be going to + 动词原形:be 动词根据主语变化为 am/is/are 【主要用法】 ① will 表临时决定 / 预测 临时决定指说话时临时产生的想法 例:I will help you with your homework.(我会帮你做作业。) ② be going to 表计划 / 迹象预示 计划强调事先安排;迹象预示通过现有迹象推断即将发生的事 例:Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.(看那些云,要下雨了。) 四、现在进行时 【结构解析】 am/is/are + 动词 - ing 形式 动词变 -ing 规则:一般直接加 -ing;以不发音 e 结尾,去 e 加 -ing;重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该字母再加 -ing;特殊变化如 lie→lying。 【主要用法】 ① 表此刻正在进行的动作(常搭配 now/look/listen 等提示词) 例:Listen! She is singing in the classroom.(听!她正在教室里唱歌。) ② 表现阶段持续的动作(此刻未必正在进行) 常与 these days, this week 等时间状语连用 例:We are preparing for the exam these days.(这些天我们在准备考试。) ③ 表将来计划(限于 go/leave/come 等瞬间动词) 常用于表达已经安排好的行程 例:We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.(我们明天出发去北京。) 五、过去进行时 【结构解析】 was/were + 动词 - ing 形式(was 用于第一、三人称单数,were 用于其余人称) 【主要用法】 表过去某时刻 / 时间段正在进行的动作。常与 at + 具体时刻、while/when 引导的时间状语从句连用。 例:He was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.(昨晚 8 点他正在看电视。) While I was doing homework, my brother was playing games.(我做作业时,弟弟在玩游戏。) 六、现在完成时 【结构解析】 have/has + 动词过去分词(规则动词过去分词变化同过去式,不规则动词需单独记忆) 【主要用法】 ① 表过去动作对现在的影响(无具体过去时间状语) 强调结果或状态对现在的影响 例:I have lost my key. I can’t find it.(我把钥匙丢了,到处找不到。) ② 表从过去持续到现在的动作(常搭配 for/since) for + 时间段;since + 时间点 / 过去时句子 例:She has lived here since 2010.(她从 2010 年就住在这里了。) ③ 非延续性动词需转换(与时间段连用时) 常见转换:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have 等 例:He has been away for two days.(他离开两天了。) 七、过去完成时 【结构解析】 had + 动词过去分词(had 无形式变化,适用于所有人称) 【主要用法】 表过去某动作前已完成的动作(“过去的过去”)。需有明确的过去时间作为参照点。 例:The work had been done before he came.(他来之前,工作已经完成了。) 常用于宾语从句(主句为一般过去时,从句动作先于主句发生),如:She said she had seen the film.(她说她看过这部电影。) 被动语态 被动语态基本结构:主语(动作承受者)+ be 动词 + 过去分词(+ by 执行者),be 动词随时态变化。 时态 构成 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 The book is written by Lu Xun.(这本书是鲁迅写的。) 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The house was built in 2000.(这栋房子 2000 年建成。) 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 A new school will be built next year.(明年将建一所新学校。) 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 The flowers are being watered.(花正在被浇水。) 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 The room was being cleaned then.(那时房间正在被打扫。) 现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词 The work has been finished.(工作已经完成了。) 过去完成时 had been + 过去分词 The task had been completed before they arrived.(他们到达前任务已完成。) 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 The work must be done today.(这项工作今天必须完成。) ◇Part 03 核心考点解析 考点 1:一般现在时的 “主将从现” 原则 【考查要点】 在时间状语从句(如 when, as soon as, until 等引导)和条件状语从句(如 if, unless 引导)中,遵循 “主将从现” 原则,即从句用一般现在时表示将来时间,主句使用一般将来时(will + 动词原形)。该原则是中考高频考点,常结合语境判断从句时态,需特别注意主语单复数对动词形式的影响。 拓展:让步状语从句(如 even if, though)有时也适用此原则;主句为祈使句或含有情态动词时,从句同样用一般现在时 【示例分析】 — When will you go to the park? — I will go if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 答案解析:if 引导条件状语从句,需遵循 “主将从现” 规则。主语 it 为第三人称单数,一般现在时否定句需借助助动词 doesn't,后接动词原形 rain。 易错题示例:As soon as he ______ (arrive), we will start the meeting.(答案:arrives) 考点 2:一般过去时的隐性语境判断 【考查要点】 当句子中没有明确的过去时间状语(如 yesterday, last week)时,需通过上下文线索判断动作发生在过去。常见线索包括:宾语从句中的过去时态、上下文的时间对比、故事叙述的时间脉络等。 判断技巧: 观察从句时态:若宾语从句使用过去时态,主句通常也为过去时 寻找时间暗示词:如 once(曾经), already(已发生), just now(刚才)等 分析事件逻辑:根据事件发展顺序判断动作先后 【示例分析】 She told me she liked the film very much. 答案解析:宾语从句中 liked 为过去式,说明 “她告诉我” 这个动作也发生在过去,因此主句动词 tell 需使用过去式 told。又如:I ______ (not know) he was a famous singer until he took off his sunglasses.(答案:didn't know) 考点 3:will 与 be going to 的辨析 【考查要点】 will:表示临时决定、未经计划的将来动作,或对未来的预测(基于主观判断) be going to:表示已经计划好的安排,或根据现有迹象做出的客观推测 【示例分析】 ① — It’s too hot. — I will open the window.(临时决定) ② Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.(迹象预示) 易混点解析:当表示客观事实或科学预测时,两者均可使用,如:It will/is going to be sunny tomorrow. 考点 4:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 【考查要点】 现在完成时:强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与 already, yet, ever, never 等连用 一般过去时:单纯描述过去某一时间发生的动作,与现在无关,常接具体过去时间状语 时间轴对比: 【示例分析】 ① I saw the film last week.(仅表过去发生的动作) ② I have seen the film, so I don’t want to watch it again.(过去观影对现在的影响:不想再看) 易错警示:瞬间动词(如 buy, borrow)在现在完成时中不能与 for/since 连用,需转换为延续性动词。 考点 5:过去进行时中 when 与 while 的用法 【考查要点】 when:可引导短暂性或延续性动作,从句常用一般过去时(短暂动作)或过去进行时(延续动作) while:强调主从句动作同时进行,从句必须用延续性动词的过去进行时 【示例分析】 ① I was eating dinner when the phone rang.(rang 为短暂动作,用 when 引导) ② While my mother was cooking, I was doing homework.(cook 为延续动作,while 引导) 陷阱题:______ I was walking in the park, I met an old friend.(答案:While) 考点 6:被动语态的时态匹配 【考查要点】 被动语态结构为 “be + 过去分词”,be 动词的时态需与句子时间状语或语境保持一致。中考常考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时的被动形式。 【示例分析】 The bridge was built in 1998. It is being repaired now. 答案解析:第一空 in 1998 为过去时间,用一般过去时被动;第二空 now 表示正在进行,用现在进行时被动。 考点 7:非延续性动词的现在完成时转换 【考查要点】 非延续性动词(如 leave, die, buy)不能与表示时间段的 for/since 连用,需转换为相应的延续性动词或状态表达。常见转换形式:leave → be away /die → be dead /borrow → keep /join → be a member of 正误对比: 错误:He has left home for two days. 正确:He has been away from home for two days. 特殊情况:在否定句中非延续性动词可与时间段连用,如:I haven't seen him for years. 考点 8:情态动词的被动语态结构 【考查要点】 结构为 “情态动词(can, must, should 等) + be + 过去分词”,否定式在情态动词后加 not。需注意不同情态动词的语义差异对被动句的影响。 语义辨析: can be done:能够被... must be done:必须被... should be done:应该被... 【示例分析】 This problem can be solved easily. 答案解析:主语 problem 是动作 solve 的承受者,使用被动语态。情态动词 can 后接 be 动词原形,再接过去分词 solved。 易错点:被动结构中容易遗漏 be 动词,需牢记 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词” 的完整形式。 ◇Part 04 要点强化训练 提|升|练|习 一、单项选择 1.We will have a picnic by the lake if it ________ tomorrow. A.rains B.doesn’t rain C.will rain D.won’t rain 2.I went to Hainan last year, and I ________ there for three months. A.has stayed B.had stayed C.stayed D.was staying 3.—I wonder when he ________ to my eighteenth birthday party. —When he ________, I will let you know immediately. A.comes; comes B.comes; will comes C.will come; comes D.will come; will come 4.Tom doesn’t tell me when he ______. I will call you as soon as he ______. A.will come; comes B.will come; will come C.comes; will come D.comes; comes 5.I ________ a novel when the telephone rang last night. A.read B.was reading C.am reading D.have read 6.My aunt isn’t here. She ________ Beijing on business. She will be back in three days. A.went B.has gone to C.has been to D.will go to 7.The book you look forward to ________ already. A.arrive B.arriving C.was arrived D.has arrived 8.Alice _________ a teacher since she graduated from college. A.became B.has become C.was D.has been 9.—Excuse me.Where’s Mr Hu? —Oh,he _______ the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon. A.goes to B.has gone to C.went to D.has been to 10.Samuel ________ in the park when they saw the poor man. A.are walking B.is walking C.were walking D.was walking 11.If you _______ a flash, you may be allowed to take some photos in the museum tomorrow. A.isn’t used B.didn’t use C.don’t use D.won’t use 12.—Did you see Linda? I didn’t find her anywhere. —Look! She is at the playground. She ________ our head teacher Mr. Smith. A.interviews B.interviewed C.is interviewing D.was interviewing 13.I was doing my homework ________ my friend called me. A.when B.once C.while D.since 14.— Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried. — Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ________ of my coming exams. A.am thinking B.was thinking C.thought D.have thought 15.—Have you read this novel? —Yes, I ________ it several days ago. A.read B.has read C.had read D.reads 16.Great changes ________ in China since the Open Door Policy was carried out. A.had doubled B.have doubled C.will have doubled D.will double 17.My brother has worked as a doctor since he ________ university. A.has left B.is leaving C.leaves D.left 18.Look! The students ________ an English play about environmental protection on the school playground. A.perform B.performed C.are performing D.will perform 19.If you ________ early tomorrow morning, you will catch the first train to Nanjing. A.are leaving B.will leave C.left D.leave 20.—Mum, when can we ride around the countryside? —Not until the main road ________ next month. A.repairs B.will repair C.will be repaired D.is repaired 21.Last Sunday, I ________ two hours on a delightful city walk. A.spend B.spent C.spending D.will spend 22.—________ you ________ the film before, Lily? —Yes. I ________ it online the other day. A.Have; seen; have seen B.Did; see; saw C.Have; seen; saw D.Did; see; have seen 23.—What language ________ in Singapore? —Well, they speak English, but most of them can speak Chinese, too. A.speak B.is speaking C.spoke D.is spoken 24.—Why does the earth look blue in space? —Because most of the earth’s surface ________ with water. A.cover B.covers C.is covered D.covered 25.Throwing rubbish everywhere ________ in order to protect the environment. A.don’t allow B.allows C.doesn’t allow D.isn’t allowed 26.Chinese kites in ancient times ______ in the shape of birds. A.design B.had designed C.were designed D.have been designed 27.The fishing rod _________ catch fish when Sam was a fisherman in England. A.got used to B.used to C.was used to D.is used to 28.Don’t worry. Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A.kept B.can keep C.could keep D.can be kept 29.—Now students ________ more time to do free time activities such as playing sports after the “double reduction” policy (双减政策).             —I agree with you. A.give B.are given C.gave D.are giving 30.—Look! Those mountains are covered with green trees. —Sure. A number of trees _________ on them every year. A.plant B.planted C.is planted D.are planted 31.We will go on a trip as soon as your homework ________ tomorrow. A.is finished B.finishes C.will be finished D.will finish 32.Miss White created a new game. Soon all her students ________ the rules to play it. A.teach B.taught C.are taught D.were taught 33.In some schools, students ______ wear school uniforms on weekdays. A.make B.are made C.are made to D.make to 34.Whenever we ________ a difficult task, we should keep trying until we complete it. A.give B.are given C.gave D.were given 35.—Will you go to Lisa’s housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I ______, I will go on time. A.invite B.will be invited C.am invited D.was invited 36.Which of the following sentences ______ in it when he wrote the article? A.are mentioned B.is mentioned C.was mentioned D.were mentioned 37.—I won’t come to the party unless Sue ______ too. —You mean if Sue comes, you’ll come? A.invites B.will invite C.invited D.is invited 38.As we all know, sixteen-year-olds ________ wine. A.should be allowed drinking B.shouldn’t be allowed to drink C.shouldn’t allow to drink D.should allow drinking 39.It’s believed that the tea ________ to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries while it ______ in England until around 1660. A.brought; didn’t appear B.was brought; appeared C.was introduced; didn’t appear D.is brought; appeared 40.Every year, the Mid-autumn Festival ________ on lunar August 15th. A.celebrate B.celebrates C.is celebrated D.was celebrated 41.The old school building ________ next year. A.rebuild B.will rebuild C.are rebuilt D.will be rebuilt 42.He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. A.invites B.invited C.is invited D.was invited 43.A baby’s first-month birthday is a special event in China and ________ with a special party. A.is celebrated B.is celebrating C.was celebrated D.celebrates 44.—Was the old man’s house on fire last night? —Yes. Luckily, the old man ________ in time and now he is fine. A.is saved B.will save C.was saved D.has saved 45.In the past ten years, different ways ________ to recycle the plastic waste. A.tried B.were tried C.have tried D.have been tried 二、短文填空 1 阅读下面短文,根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式 (每空一词)。 FOMO, or the Fear of Missing Out, is the worry we feel when we think others are having more exciting or successful experiences than we are. Social media often makes this feeling 46 (更糟的、更差的) by showing only the best parts of other people’s lives. What Causes FOMO? FOMO is 47 (主要地) caused by social comparison. When we 48 (比较) our lives to others, especially online, we may feel that we are missing something. It can also come from a fear of being left out or disconnected from what 49 (每人、所有人) else is doing. How FOMO affects (影响) us FOMO can lead to 50 (精神压力、心理负担) and feelings of not being good enough, making us question our choices. It can also make us feel nervous or 51 (孤独的、寂寞的), as we try to keep up with everything around us. How to overcome FOMO Cut down on social media: Spend less 52 (时间) online and avoid making too much comparison. Focus on thankfulness: 53 (重视、珍视) what you already have instead of what you’re missing. Be present: Enjoy the moment rather than worrying about what others are doing. Put what’s truly important to you in the 54 (第一) place. Conclusion FOMO is a common feeling, but it’s important to remember no one’s life path is exactly the same. By focusing on the present, cutting down on social media, and expressing thankfulness, you can overcome FOMO and improve your 55 (健康) and happiness. 2 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I needed some help, I used to turn to my mother. But she just said, “Do it 56 (you), dear.” I would get angry. I thought she was the 57 (lazy) mother in the world! For example, one day, I 58 (decide) to invite some friends to my home. But my bedroom was a mess. My 59 (toy) were everywhere. The floor was dirty. I asked my mother to help me clean up. But she said 60 (serious), “It’s your bedroom. You should clean it on your own.” Because 61 my “lazy” mother, I have to clean my own bedroom. I also have to help my mother do some housework. Sometimes I am 62 (ask) to go to the dentist by myself. It is really hard 63 (do) something on my own, but I have learned a lot. As time goes by, I understand my mother. Her “laziness” makes me diligent (勤奋的) and clever. Just as my mother always says, “A lady can’t be lazy or she’ll be crazy. Work can make you sunny” 64 a great mother! A good mother is worth a hundred teachers! Don’t you think 65 ? ( 1 / 2 )学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练(浙江专用) 专题07 时态与语态 目录清单 第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向 第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第三部分 核心考点解析考点精析 能力巩固 第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 中考考题再现 1.(2025・浙江)when his sister ______ (return) home from her university study abroad, she was surprised to see his gold medal on the wall. 答案:returned 解析:考查一般过去时。根据 “was” 可知句子为一般过去时,return 的过去式为 returned。 2.(2024・浙江)He asks questions all day long and ______ (hope) to get the answers at once. 答案:hopes 解析:考查一般现在时第三人称单数。and 连接并列谓语,主语为 He,时态为一般现在时,hope 的第三人称单数形式为 hopes。 3.(2023・浙江衢州)Every day, he ______ (wear) a grey hat and a pair of blue trousers. 答案:wears 解析:考查一般现在时第三人称单数。根据 “Every day” 可知句子为一般现在时,主语为 he,wear 的第三人称单数形式为 wears。 4.(2023・浙江丽水)Kendall Rae ______ (begin) gardening at age three, when her great-grandmother gave her some fresh collard greens. 答案:began 解析:考查一般过去时。根据 “at age three” 可知句子为一般过去时,begin 的过去式为 began。 5.(2023・浙江绍兴)When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family ______ (move) from Chicago to Northern California. 答案:moved 解析:考查一般过去时。根据 “When Reshma Kosaraju was 12” 可知句子为一般过去时,move 的过去式为 moved。 6.(2023・浙江宁波)Ann hardly ______ (believe) that. 答案:believed 解析:考查一般过去时。整段叙述过去发生的事情,时态为一般过去时,believe 的过去式为 believed。 7.(2023・浙江衢州)He ______ (love) by everyone in our school. 答案:is loved 解析:考查一般现在时被动语态。主语 He 与动词 love 为被动关系,陈述事实用一般现在时,被动语态结构为 “is + 过去分词”。 8.(2023・浙江湖州)Thousands of years ago, they ______ (create) to help with farming. 答案:were created 解析:考查一般过去时被动语态。主语 they(指代 24 solar terms)与动词 create 为被动关系,根据 “Thousands of years ago” 可知用一般过去时,被动语态结构为 “were + 过去分词”。 9.(2023・浙江)About twenty thousand people ______ (kill). 答案:were killed 解析:考查一般过去时被动语态。主语 people 与动词 kill 为被动关系,叙述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,被动语态结构为 “were + 过去分词”。 ◇Part 02 核心知识清单 常考核心时态 一、一般现在时 【结构解析】 肯定句:主语 + 动词原形(主语为第三人称单数时,动词需加 - s/-es。 否定句:主语 + don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形(当主语是第三人称单数时用 doesn't,其余用 don't) 疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形?(句首用 Does 时,主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词还原) 动词变第三人称单数规则:一般直接加 -s;以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -es;以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -es;特殊变化如 have→has) 【主要用法】 ① 表习惯性、经常性动作(常搭配频度副词) 常见频度副词:always(总是), usually(通常), often(经常), sometimes(有时), seldom(很少), never(从不) 例:She often reads English in the morning.(她经常早上读英语。) ② 表客观事实、普遍真理 这类句子不受时间限制,时态固定为一般现在时 例:The earth moves around the sun.(地球绕太阳转动。) ③ 表时间表 / 计划的将来动作 常用于火车、飞机等交通工具时刻表,或日程安排 例:The train leaves at 8:00 a.m.(火车早上 8 点出发。) ④ 时间 / 条件状语从句中表将来(主将从现原则) 时间状语从句连词:when, while, as soon as, until 等;条件状语从句连词:if, unless 等 例:I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.(我一到机场就给你打电话。) 二、一般过去时 【结构解析】 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形? 规则动词过去式变化:一般直接加 -ed;以 e 结尾加 -d;以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -ed;重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该字母再加 -ed;不规则动词需特殊记忆。 【主要用法】 ① 表过去具体动作 / 状态(常搭配过去时间状语) 常见时间状语:yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), ago(... 以前), in + 过去年份等 例:I visited the Great Wall last year.(我去年参观了长城。) ② 表过去习惯动作(用 used to/would) used to 强调过去与现在对比,暗含现在不再如此;would 只表过去重复动作 例:He used to play basketball after school.(他过去放学后常打篮球。) 三、一般将来时 【结构解析】 will/shall + 动词原形:第一人称 I/we 后可用 shall(较正式),其余人称用 will be going to + 动词原形:be 动词根据主语变化为 am/is/are 【主要用法】 ① will 表临时决定 / 预测 临时决定指说话时临时产生的想法 例:I will help you with your homework.(我会帮你做作业。) ② be going to 表计划 / 迹象预示 计划强调事先安排;迹象预示通过现有迹象推断即将发生的事 例:Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.(看那些云,要下雨了。) 四、现在进行时 【结构解析】 am/is/are + 动词 - ing 形式 动词变 -ing 规则:一般直接加 -ing;以不发音 e 结尾,去 e 加 -ing;重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该字母再加 -ing;特殊变化如 lie→lying。 【主要用法】 ① 表此刻正在进行的动作(常搭配 now/look/listen 等提示词) 例:Listen! She is singing in the classroom.(听!她正在教室里唱歌。) ② 表现阶段持续的动作(此刻未必正在进行) 常与 these days, this week 等时间状语连用 例:We are preparing for the exam these days.(这些天我们在准备考试。) ③ 表将来计划(限于 go/leave/come 等瞬间动词) 常用于表达已经安排好的行程 例:We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.(我们明天出发去北京。) 五、过去进行时 【结构解析】 was/were + 动词 - ing 形式(was 用于第一、三人称单数,were 用于其余人称) 【主要用法】 表过去某时刻 / 时间段正在进行的动作。常与 at + 具体时刻、while/when 引导的时间状语从句连用。 例:He was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.(昨晚 8 点他正在看电视。) While I was doing homework, my brother was playing games.(我做作业时,弟弟在玩游戏。) 六、现在完成时 【结构解析】 have/has + 动词过去分词(规则动词过去分词变化同过去式,不规则动词需单独记忆) 【主要用法】 ① 表过去动作对现在的影响(无具体过去时间状语) 强调结果或状态对现在的影响 例:I have lost my key. I can’t find it.(我把钥匙丢了,到处找不到。) ② 表从过去持续到现在的动作(常搭配 for/since) for + 时间段;since + 时间点 / 过去时句子 例:She has lived here since 2010.(她从 2010 年就住在这里了。) ③ 非延续性动词需转换(与时间段连用时) 常见转换:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have 等 例:He has been away for two days.(他离开两天了。) 七、过去完成时 【结构解析】 had + 动词过去分词(had 无形式变化,适用于所有人称) 【主要用法】 表过去某动作前已完成的动作(“过去的过去”)。需有明确的过去时间作为参照点。 例:The work had been done before he came.(他来之前,工作已经完成了。) 常用于宾语从句(主句为一般过去时,从句动作先于主句发生),如:She said she had seen the film.(她说她看过这部电影。) 被动语态 被动语态基本结构:主语(动作承受者)+ be 动词 + 过去分词(+ by 执行者),be 动词随时态变化。 时态 构成 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 The book is written by Lu Xun.(这本书是鲁迅写的。) 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The house was built in 2000.(这栋房子 2000 年建成。) 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 A new school will be built next year.(明年将建一所新学校。) 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 The flowers are being watered.(花正在被浇水。) 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 The room was being cleaned then.(那时房间正在被打扫。) 现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词 The work has been finished.(工作已经完成了。) 过去完成时 had been + 过去分词 The task had been completed before they arrived.(他们到达前任务已完成。) 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 The work must be done today.(这项工作今天必须完成。) ◇Part 03 核心考点解析 考点 1:一般现在时的 “主将从现” 原则 【考查要点】 在时间状语从句(如 when, as soon as, until 等引导)和条件状语从句(如 if, unless 引导)中,遵循 “主将从现” 原则,即从句用一般现在时表示将来时间,主句使用一般将来时(will + 动词原形)。该原则是中考高频考点,常结合语境判断从句时态,需特别注意主语单复数对动词形式的影响。 拓展:让步状语从句(如 even if, though)有时也适用此原则;主句为祈使句或含有情态动词时,从句同样用一般现在时 【示例分析】 — When will you go to the park? — I will go if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 答案解析:if 引导条件状语从句,需遵循 “主将从现” 规则。主语 it 为第三人称单数,一般现在时否定句需借助助动词 doesn't,后接动词原形 rain。 易错题示例:As soon as he ______ (arrive), we will start the meeting.(答案:arrives) 考点 2:一般过去时的隐性语境判断 【考查要点】 当句子中没有明确的过去时间状语(如 yesterday, last week)时,需通过上下文线索判断动作发生在过去。常见线索包括:宾语从句中的过去时态、上下文的时间对比、故事叙述的时间脉络等。 判断技巧: 观察从句时态:若宾语从句使用过去时态,主句通常也为过去时 寻找时间暗示词:如 once(曾经), already(已发生), just now(刚才)等 分析事件逻辑:根据事件发展顺序判断动作先后 【示例分析】 She told me she liked the film very much. 答案解析:宾语从句中 liked 为过去式,说明 “她告诉我” 这个动作也发生在过去,因此主句动词 tell 需使用过去式 told。又如:I ______ (not know) he was a famous singer until he took off his sunglasses.(答案:didn't know) 考点 3:will 与 be going to 的辨析 【考查要点】 will:表示临时决定、未经计划的将来动作,或对未来的预测(基于主观判断) be going to:表示已经计划好的安排,或根据现有迹象做出的客观推测 【示例分析】 ① — It’s too hot. — I will open the window.(临时决定) ② Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.(迹象预示) 易混点解析:当表示客观事实或科学预测时,两者均可使用,如:It will/is going to be sunny tomorrow. 考点 4:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 【考查要点】 现在完成时:强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与 already, yet, ever, never 等连用 一般过去时:单纯描述过去某一时间发生的动作,与现在无关,常接具体过去时间状语 时间轴对比: 【示例分析】 ① I saw the film last week.(仅表过去发生的动作) ② I have seen the film, so I don’t want to watch it again.(过去观影对现在的影响:不想再看) 易错警示:瞬间动词(如 buy, borrow)在现在完成时中不能与 for/since 连用,需转换为延续性动词。 考点 5:过去进行时中 when 与 while 的用法 【考查要点】 when:可引导短暂性或延续性动作,从句常用一般过去时(短暂动作)或过去进行时(延续动作) while:强调主从句动作同时进行,从句必须用延续性动词的过去进行时 【示例分析】 ① I was eating dinner when the phone rang.(rang 为短暂动作,用 when 引导) ② While my mother was cooking, I was doing homework.(cook 为延续动作,while 引导) 陷阱题:______ I was walking in the park, I met an old friend.(答案:While) 考点 6:被动语态的时态匹配 【考查要点】 被动语态结构为 “be + 过去分词”,be 动词的时态需与句子时间状语或语境保持一致。中考常考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时的被动形式。 【示例分析】 The bridge was built in 1998. It is being repaired now. 答案解析:第一空 in 1998 为过去时间,用一般过去时被动;第二空 now 表示正在进行,用现在进行时被动。 考点 7:非延续性动词的现在完成时转换 【考查要点】 非延续性动词(如 leave, die, buy)不能与表示时间段的 for/since 连用,需转换为相应的延续性动词或状态表达。常见转换形式:leave → be away /die → be dead /borrow → keep /join → be a member of 正误对比: 错误:He has left home for two days. 正确:He has been away from home for two days. 特殊情况:在否定句中非延续性动词可与时间段连用,如:I haven't seen him for years. 考点 8:情态动词的被动语态结构 【考查要点】 结构为 “情态动词(can, must, should 等) + be + 过去分词”,否定式在情态动词后加 not。需注意不同情态动词的语义差异对被动句的影响。 语义辨析: can be done:能够被... must be done:必须被... should be done:应该被... 【示例分析】 This problem can be solved easily. 答案解析:主语 problem 是动作 solve 的承受者,使用被动语态。情态动词 can 后接 be 动词原形,再接过去分词 solved。 易错点:被动结构中容易遗漏 be 动词,需牢记 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词” 的完整形式。 ◇Part 04 要点强化训练 提|升|练|习 一、单项选择 1.We will have a picnic by the lake if it ________ tomorrow. A.rains B.doesn’t rain C.will rain D.won’t rain 2.I went to Hainan last year, and I ________ there for three months. A.has stayed B.had stayed C.stayed D.was staying 3.—I wonder when he ________ to my eighteenth birthday party. —When he ________, I will let you know immediately. A.comes; comes B.comes; will comes C.will come; comes D.will come; will come 4.Tom doesn’t tell me when he ______. I will call you as soon as he ______. A.will come; comes B.will come; will come C.comes; will come D.comes; comes 5.I ________ a novel when the telephone rang last night. A.read B.was reading C.am reading D.have read 6.My aunt isn’t here. She ________ Beijing on business. She will be back in three days. A.went B.has gone to C.has been to D.will go to 7.The book you look forward to ________ already. A.arrive B.arriving C.was arrived D.has arrived 8.Alice _________ a teacher since she graduated from college. A.became B.has become C.was D.has been 9.—Excuse me.Where’s Mr Hu? —Oh,he _______ the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon. A.goes to B.has gone to C.went to D.has been to 10.Samuel ________ in the park when they saw the poor man. A.are walking B.is walking C.were walking D.was walking 11.If you _______ a flash, you may be allowed to take some photos in the museum tomorrow. A.isn’t used B.didn’t use C.don’t use D.won’t use 12.—Did you see Linda? I didn’t find her anywhere. —Look! She is at the playground. She ________ our head teacher Mr. Smith. A.interviews B.interviewed C.is interviewing D.was interviewing 13.I was doing my homework ________ my friend called me. A.when B.once C.while D.since 14.— Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried. — Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ________ of my coming exams. A.am thinking B.was thinking C.thought D.have thought 15.—Have you read this novel? —Yes, I ________ it several days ago. A.read B.has read C.had read D.reads 16.Great changes ________ in China since the Open Door Policy was carried out. A.had doubled B.have doubled C.will have doubled D.will double 17.My brother has worked as a doctor since he ________ university. A.has left B.is leaving C.leaves D.left 18.Look! The students ________ an English play about environmental protection on the school playground. A.perform B.performed C.are performing D.will perform 19.If you ________ early tomorrow morning, you will catch the first train to Nanjing. A.are leaving B.will leave C.left D.leave 20.—Mum, when can we ride around the countryside? —Not until the main road ________ next month. A.repairs B.will repair C.will be repaired D.is repaired 21.Last Sunday, I ________ two hours on a delightful city walk. A.spend B.spent C.spending D.will spend 22.—________ you ________ the film before, Lily? —Yes. I ________ it online the other day. A.Have; seen; have seen B.Did; see; saw C.Have; seen; saw D.Did; see; have seen 23.—What language ________ in Singapore? —Well, they speak English, but most of them can speak Chinese, too. A.speak B.is speaking C.spoke D.is spoken 24.—Why does the earth look blue in space? —Because most of the earth’s surface ________ with water. A.cover B.covers C.is covered D.covered 25.Throwing rubbish everywhere ________ in order to protect the environment. A.don’t allow B.allows C.doesn’t allow D.isn’t allowed 26.Chinese kites in ancient times ______ in the shape of birds. A.design B.had designed C.were designed D.have been designed 27.The fishing rod _________ catch fish when Sam was a fisherman in England. A.got used to B.used to C.was used to D.is used to 28.Don’t worry. Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A.kept B.can keep C.could keep D.can be kept 29.—Now students ________ more time to do free time activities such as playing sports after the “double reduction” policy (双减政策).             —I agree with you. A.give B.are given C.gave D.are giving 30.—Look! Those mountains are covered with green trees. —Sure. A number of trees _________ on them every year. A.plant B.planted C.is planted D.are planted 31.We will go on a trip as soon as your homework ________ tomorrow. A.is finished B.finishes C.will be finished D.will finish 32.Miss White created a new game. Soon all her students ________ the rules to play it. A.teach B.taught C.are taught D.were taught 33.In some schools, students ______ wear school uniforms on weekdays. A.make B.are made C.are made to D.make to 34.Whenever we ________ a difficult task, we should keep trying until we complete it. A.give B.are given C.gave D.were given 35.—Will you go to Lisa’s housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I ______, I will go on time. A.invite B.will be invited C.am invited D.was invited 36.Which of the following sentences ______ in it when he wrote the article? A.are mentioned B.is mentioned C.was mentioned D.were mentioned 37.—I won’t come to the party unless Sue ______ too. —You mean if Sue comes, you’ll come? A.invites B.will invite C.invited D.is invited 38.As we all know, sixteen-year-olds ________ wine. A.should be allowed drinking B.shouldn’t be allowed to drink C.shouldn’t allow to drink D.should allow drinking 39.It’s believed that the tea ________ to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries while it ______ in England until around 1660. A.brought; didn’t appear B.was brought; appeared C.was introduced; didn’t appear D.is brought; appeared 40.Every year, the Mid-autumn Festival ________ on lunar August 15th. A.celebrate B.celebrates C.is celebrated D.was celebrated 41.The old school building ________ next year. A.rebuild B.will rebuild C.are rebuilt D.will be rebuilt 42.He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. A.invites B.invited C.is invited D.was invited 43.A baby’s first-month birthday is a special event in China and ________ with a special party. A.is celebrated B.is celebrating C.was celebrated D.celebrates 44.—Was the old man’s house on fire last night? —Yes. Luckily, the old man ________ in time and now he is fine. A.is saved B.will save C.was saved D.has saved 45.In the past ten years, different ways ________ to recycle the plastic waste. A.tried B.were tried C.have tried D.have been tried 二、短文填空 1 阅读下面短文,根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式 (每空一词)。 FOMO, or the Fear of Missing Out, is the worry we feel when we think others are having more exciting or successful experiences than we are. Social media often makes this feeling 46 (更糟的、更差的) by showing only the best parts of other people’s lives. What Causes FOMO? FOMO is 47 (主要地) caused by social comparison. When we 48 (比较) our lives to others, especially online, we may feel that we are missing something. It can also come from a fear of being left out or disconnected from what 49 (每人、所有人) else is doing. How FOMO affects (影响) us FOMO can lead to 50 (精神压力、心理负担) and feelings of not being good enough, making us question our choices. It can also make us feel nervous or 51 (孤独的、寂寞的), as we try to keep up with everything around us. How to overcome FOMO Cut down on social media: Spend less 52 (时间) online and avoid making too much comparison. Focus on thankfulness: 53 (重视、珍视) what you already have instead of what you’re missing. Be present: Enjoy the moment rather than worrying about what others are doing. Put what’s truly important to you in the 54 (第一) place. Conclusion FOMO is a common feeling, but it’s important to remember no one’s life path is exactly the same. By focusing on the present, cutting down on social media, and expressing thankfulness, you can overcome FOMO and improve your 55 (健康) and happiness. 2 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I needed some help, I used to turn to my mother. But she just said, “Do it 56 (you), dear.” I would get angry. I thought she was the 57 (lazy) mother in the world! For example, one day, I 58 (decide) to invite some friends to my home. But my bedroom was a mess. My 59 (toy) were everywhere. The floor was dirty. I asked my mother to help me clean up. But she said 60 (serious), “It’s your bedroom. You should clean it on your own.” Because 61 my “lazy” mother, I have to clean my own bedroom. I also have to help my mother do some housework. Sometimes I am 62 (ask) to go to the dentist by myself. It is really hard 63 (do) something on my own, but I have learned a lot. As time goes by, I understand my mother. Her “laziness” makes me diligent (勤奋的) and clever. Just as my mother always says, “A lady can’t be lazy or she’ll be crazy. Work can make you sunny” 64 a great mother! A good mother is worth a hundred teachers! Don’t you think 65 ? 参考答案 一、 1.B 【解析】句意:如果明天不下雨,我们将在湖边野餐。 考查条件状语从句的“主将从现”原则。rains下雨,一般现在时态;doesn’t rain不下雨,一般现在时态;will rain将会下雨,一般将来时态;won’t rain不会下雨,一般将来时态。根据“We will have a picnic by the lake if it...tomorrow.”可知,此处表示去野餐的条件是不下雨,因此从句用否定形式,排除AC选项,且if引导的条件状语从句,主句为一般将来时,从句需用一般现在时。故选B。 2.C 【解析】句意:我去年去了海南,并且在那里待了三个月。 考查一般过去时。根据“I went to Hainan last year, and I…there for three months.”可知,句子为一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作;后半部分描述过去持续的状态,应用一般过去时。故选C。 3.C 【解析】句意:——我想知道他什么时候会来参加我的十八岁生日聚会。——当他来的时候,我会立刻让你知道。 考查动词时态。根据“I wonder when he…to my eighteenth birthday party.”可知,此处是when引导的宾语从句,根据实际情况该用什么时态就用什么时态,“eighteenth birthday party”表示的是将来的动作,故应用一般将来时will come;根据“When he…, I will let you know immediately.”可知,此处是when引导的时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句应用一般现在时表将来,主语he是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用comes。故选C。 4.A 【解析】句意:汤姆没有告诉我他什么时候来。他一来我就会给你打电话。 考查宾语从句和时间状语从句的时态。根据“Tom doesn’t tell me when he ...”可知,第一空是宾语从句,主句为一般现在时;从句表示“他将什么时候来”,用一般将来时will come。根据“I will can you as soon as he ...”可知,第二个空是as soon as引导的时间状语从句,主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时comes。故选A。 5.B 【解析】句意:昨晚电话响时,我正在读小说。 考查时态。when引导的从句时态为一般过去时,主句用过去进行时,表示从句动作发生时,主句动作正在进行。主语是I,be动词用was。故选B。 6.B 【解析】句意:我的阿姨不在这里。她已经去北京出差了。她将在三天后回来。 考查动词的时态。went去,过去式;has gone to已经去了某地(未回);has been to曾经去过某地(已回);will go to将去。根据“My aunt isn’t here. She...Beijing on business. She will be back in three days.”可知,她目前不在且未返回,此处应用现在完成时中的has gone to。故选B。 7.D 【解析】句意:你期待的那本书已经到达了。 考查动词语态和时态。句中already表示“已经”,常与现在完成时连用;主语“The book”是单数,用“has”;arrive为不及物动词,无被动语态。故选D。 8.D 【解析】句意:自从爱丽丝大学毕业以来,她一直是一名教师。 考查现在完成时。根据“since”可知,主句用现在完成时,表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,谓语应用延续性动词,D项符合。故选D。 9.B 【解析】句意:——打扰一下,胡先生在哪里?——哦,他去食堂吃午饭了,很快就会回来。 考查现在完成时的用法。goes to一般现在时,表示习惯性动作;has gone to现在完成时,表示去了,但还未回来,强调对现在的影响;went to一般过去时,仅表示过去的动作,不强调对现在的影响;has been to现在完成时,去过某地(已返回)。根据“Where’s Mr Hu...he...the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon”可知胡先生去食堂的动作发生在过去,但对现在造成影响(目前人不在场),需用现在完成时“has gone to”(表示已去某地且未返回)。故选B。 10.D 【解析】句意:当他们看到那个可怜的人时,Samuel正在公园里散步。 考查时态。are walking现在进行时,主语是复数;is walking现在进行时,主语是单数;were walking过去进行时,主语是复数;was walking过去进行时,主语是单数。当when引导的时间状语从句表示过去某个时间点时,主句用过去进行时,表示该时间点正在进行的动作。主语Samuel是第三人称单数,因此需用was walking。故选D。 11.C 【解析】句意:如果你不使用闪光灯,明天你可能被允许在博物馆里拍一些照片。 考查if 引导的条件状语从句。根据“If you...a flash, you may be allowed to take some photos in the museum tomorrow.”可知,此句为if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。从句主语为you,否定句需借助助动词don’t,后接动词原形use,即don’t use。故选C。 12.C 【解析】句意:——你看到琳达了吗?我哪儿都没找到她。——看!她在操场。她正在采访我们的班主任史密斯先生。 考查动词时态。根据“Look”可知,动作正在进行,应用现在进行时(is interviewing)。故选C。 13.A 【解析】句意:当我的朋友给我打电话时,我正在做作业。 考查连词辨析。when当……时;once一旦;while当……时;since自从。句中“called”为非延续性动词,且主句“was doing”是过去进行时,从句是一般过去时,符合“when”的用法,表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生,故选A。 14.B 【解析】句意:——鲍勃,有什么问题吗?你看起来很担心。——哦,没什么。事实上,我刚刚在考虑即将到来的考试。 考查时态。am thinking现在进行时;was thinking过去进行时;thought过去式或过去分词;have thought现在完成时。根据“Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried.”以及选项可知,此处应用过去进行时,表示对话发生之前刚刚还在进行的动作。故选B。 15.A 【解析】句意:——你读过这本小说吗?——是的,我几天前就读过了。 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“several days ago”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事,应该用一般过去时。read的过去式就是read。故选A。 16.B 【解析】句意:自开放政策实施以来,中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 考查动词时态。had doubled过去完成时;have doubled现在完成时;will have doubled将来完成时;will double一般将来时。根据“since the Open Door Policy was carried out”以及选项可知,应用现在完成时,表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作。故选B。 17.D 【解析】句意:我哥哥自从大学毕业以来就一直当医生。 考查时态。since引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,从句动作发生在过去,用一般过去时。故选D。 18.C 【解析】句意:看!学生们正在学校操场上表演一出关于环境保护的英语话剧。 考查动词时态辨析。perform一般现在时;performed一般过去时;are performing现在进行时;will perform一般将来时。根据“Look!”可知,这里需要用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作,are performing符合语境。故选C。 19.D 【解析】句意:如果你明天早上早点离开,你会赶上第一趟去南京的火车。 考查时态。if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,主句“you will catch”为一般将来时,条件从句需用一般现在时表示将来。故选D。 20.D 【解析】句意:——妈妈,我们什么时候可以骑车去乡下?——要等到下个月主干道被修好。 考查被动语态和动词时态。repair“修理”,not until引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来,因此排除选项B和C;主语“the main road”与谓语repair之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态。故选D。 21.B 【解析】句意:上周日,我花了两个小时进行了一次愉快的城市漫步。 考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“Last Sunday”可知,句子的时态为一般过去时。故选B。 22.C 【解析】句意:——你之前看过这部电影吗,丽丽?——是的。我前几天在网上看了它。 考查现在完成时和一般过去时。根据问句中时间状语before“之前”,用现在完成时,表示动作发生在过去,对现在产生影响;答句中时间状语the other day“前几天”,表明动作发生在过去,用一般过去时。故选C。 23.D 【解析】句意:——新加坡说什么语言?——嗯,他们说英语,但大多数人也会说中文。 考查被动语态。speak说,一般现在时态,主动语态;is speaking正在说,现在进行时态主动语态;spoke说了,一般过去时态主动语态;is spoken被说,一般现在时态,被动语态。根据“What language...in Singapore?”可知,主语“language”与动词“speak”之间是被动关系,表示语言被说,因此用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 24.C 【解析】句意:——为什么地球在太空中看起来是蓝色的?——因为地球表面大部分被水覆盖。 考查被动语态。be covered with是固定短语,意为“被……覆盖”,主语most of the earth’s surface是单数概念,be动词用is。故选C。 25.D 【解析】句意:为了保护环境,到处扔垃圾是不被允许的。 考查被动语态。主语“Throwing rubbish everywhere”和谓语动词allow构成动宾关系,应用被动语态,其构成为“be done”,主语“Throwing rubbish everywhere”为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故选D。 26.C 【解析】句意:中国古代的风筝被设计成鸟的形状。 考查动词的时态和语态。design设计,动词原形,主动语态;had designed过去完成时,主动语态;were designed一般过去时,被动语态;have been designed现在完成时,被动语态。分析句子可知,主语“Chinese kites”与谓语“design”之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;“in ancient times”是过去时间标志,时态用一般过去时,“were designed”符合语义。故选C。 27.C 【解析】句意:当山姆在英国是一个渔夫的时候,这个鱼竿被用来捕鱼。 考查动词短语辨析。got used to开始习惯于;used to过去常常做某事;was used to被用来做某事;is used to被用来做某事(一般现在时)。根据语境可知,此处是在描述过去鱼竿的用途,即被用来捕鱼,所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态“was used to”。故选C。 28.D 【解析】句意:不要担心。你的包裹可以被保存在这里直到你回来,所以请享受在这里购物。 考查被动语态。主语Your package与谓语keep之间是被动关系,用被动语态,结构为be done,情态动词can后面加be动词原形,keep的过去分词为kept。故选D。 29.B 【解析】句意:——现在学生们在“双减政策”后被给予更多的时间来进行自由活动,比如做运动。——我同意你的观点。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知,主语“students”和谓语“give”之间是被动关系,即学生们被给予时间,所以应该用被动语态;再根据“Now”可知,此处描述的是现在的普遍情况,所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 30.D 【解析】句意:——看!那些山上长满了绿树。——当然。每年都在上面种许多树。 考查被动语态和主谓一致。主语“A number of trees”为复数,与动词“plant”为逻辑上的动宾关系,需用被动语态;时间状语“every year”表示一般现在时,因此使用一般现在时的被动语态“are planted”。故选D。 31.A 【解析】句意:明天你的作业一完成,我们就去旅行。 考查时态和语态。本句是as soon as引导的时间状语从句,主句是将来时,从句用一般现在时,且主语your homework与谓语finish之间是动宾关系,因此用一般现在时的被动语态is finished。故选A。 32.D 【解析】句意:怀特老师创造了一个新游戏。很快她所有的学生都被教了玩这个游戏的规则。    考查动词的时态和语态。结合前句“created”可知,后句时态需一致;“students”是“教规则”的承受者,应用被动语态“be+过去分词”结构,“teach”的过去分词是“taught”,主语“students”是复数,一般过去时被动语态的be动词用“were”。故选D。 33.C 【解析】句意:在一些学校,学生们在工作日被要求穿校服。 考查被动语态。根据句意可知,主语“students”和动词“make”之间是被动关系,表示学生被要求穿校服,所以要用被动语态,其结构为“be+过去分词”,主语“students”是复数,be动词用are,make的过去分词是made;“make sb. do sth.”的被动形式是“sb. be made to do sth.”,意为“某人被要求做某事”,所以此处应填are made to。故选C。 34.B 【解析】句意:每当我们被给予一项困难的任务时,我们都应该不断尝试,直到我们完成它。 考查被动语态。根据句意可知,“我们”是“被给予”任务,所以应该用被动语态,其结构是“be动词+动词的过去分词”,排除选项A和选项C;根据“Whenever”可知,句子描述的是一般性的情况,所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构是“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”,主语“we”是复数,所以be动词用are,give的过去分词是given,所以空缺处应该填are given。故选B。 35.C 【解析】句意:——下周日你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗?——嗯,如果我被邀请,我会准时去的。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“if I..., I will go on time.”可知,此处是if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来;再根据主语I和动词invite之间是被动关系,表示“我被邀请”,所以要用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”,主语是I,be动词用am,invite的过去分词是invited,所以此处应填am invited。故选C。 36.C 【解析】句意:当他写这篇文章时,以下哪个句子在它里面被提到? 考查一般过去时的被动语态及主谓一致。主语“which of the following sentences”被视为单数,表示“被提到”,用被动语态,且时间状语“when he wrote the article”表示过去动作,因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was+过去分词”。故选C。 37.D 【解析】句意:——除非Sue也被邀请,否则我不会来参加聚会。——你的意思是如果Sue来,你就来? 考查条件状语从句的时态和语态。invites邀请,一般现在时;will invite一般将来时;invited一般过去时;is invited一般现在时的被动语态。主句“I won’t come”为一般将来时,unless引导的条件从句需用一般现在时表将来;主语Sue与动词invite之间为被动关系,故用被动语态“is invited”。故选D。 38.B 【解析】句意:众所周知,十六岁的孩子不应该被允许喝酒。 考查被动语态和动词不定式作主语补足语。主语sixteen-year-olds与允许之间是被动关系,需用be allowed to do sth结构,表示被允许做某事;且根据常识,未成年人不应喝酒,因此是否定形式。shouldn’t be allowed to drink符合被动语态和否定含义。故选B。 39.C 【解析】句意:人们认为茶在6世纪和7世纪期间被引入到韩国和日本,而它直到1660年左右才在英格兰出现。 考查被动语态和not...until结构。第二空,not...until表示“直到……才”,根据“around 1660”可知,时态是一般过去时,故用didn’t appear,排除B/D;第一空,主语tea与“引入”之间是被动关系,且时间状语“during the 6th and 7th centuries”为过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态,was introduced符合;故选C。 40.C 【解析】句意:每年,中秋节都在农历八月十五被庆祝。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“Every year”可知,句子时态是一般现在时,且主语“the Mid-autumn Festival”和谓语动词“celebrate”之间是被动关系,表示“被庆祝”,所以用一般现在时的被动语态is celebrated。故选C。 41.D 【解析】句意:这座旧的教学楼将在明年被重建。 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“next year”可知,句子应用一般将来时;主语“The old school building”是动作rebuild的承受者,因此用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为:will be + 过去分词。故选D。 42.D 【解析】句意:何江上个月被邀请在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲。 考查时态和语态辨析。invites一般现在时主动语态;invited一般过去时主动语态;is invited一般现在时被动语态;was invited一般过去时被动语态。根据“last month”可知,时态为一般过去时;且主语He Jiang与invite之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,其结构是“was/were+过去分词”,主语是第三人称单数,助动词用was,invite的过去分词是invited。故选D。 43.A 【解析】句意:在中国,婴儿满月生日是一个特殊的事件,并通过一个特别的聚会来庆祝。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子描述普遍文化习俗,用一般现在时;主语“a baby’s first-month birthday”与动词“celebrate”构成被动关系,指满月被庆祝,用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为am/is/are done。故选A。 44.C 【解析】句意:——这老人的房子昨晚着火了吗?——是的。幸运的是,这老人被及时地救出来了,现在他很好。 考查被动语态。根据“Was the old man’s house on fire last night?”可知询问昨晚是否着火,因此回答是昨晚的情况,应用一般过去时,且老人是被救,因此用被动语态。故选C。 45.D 【解析】句意:在过去的十年里,已经尝试了不同的方法来回收塑料废料。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语“in the past ten years”表示从过去持续到现在,需用现在完成时;主语“different ways”是动作的受动者,所以应用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has been done”。故选D。 二、 1 46.worse 47.mainly 48.compare 49.everyone/everybody 50.stress/pressure 51.lonely 52.time 53.Value 54.first 55.health 【解析】本文作者讲述了FOMO(错失恐惧症)的相关信息,包括其定义、成因、影响、克服方法以及结论。 46.句意:社交媒体经常通过只展示别人生活中最好的部分来使这种感觉更糟。根据所给汉语提示“更糟的、更差的”,可知此处用形容词比较级worse“更差的”,作宾语补足语。故填worse。 47.句意:错失恐惧症主要是由社会比较引起的。根据所给汉语提示“主要地”,可知此处用副词mainly“主要地”,修饰动词“caused”。故填mainly。 48.句意:当我们把自己的生活与他人,尤其是在网上进行比较时,我们可能会觉得自己错过了什么。根据所给汉语提示“比较”,可知此处用动词compare“比较”,根据“When we...our lives to others”可知,此处是when引导的时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,从句用一般现在时,主语“we”是复数,谓语动词用原形。故填compare。 49.句意:它也可能来自于对被排除在外或与他人所做的事情脱节的恐惧。根据所给汉语提示“每人、所有人”,可知此处用不定代词everyone/everybody“每个人”,作主语。故填everyone/everybody。 50.句意:错失恐惧症会导致精神压力和自我感觉不够好,让我们质疑自己的选择。根据所给汉语提示“精神压力、心理负担”,可知此处用不可数名词stress/pressure“压力”,作宾语。故填stress/pressure。 51.句意:它也会让我们感到紧张或孤独,因为我们试图跟上周围的一切。根据所给汉语提示“孤独的、寂寞的”,可知此处用形容词lonely“孤独的”,作表语。故填lonely。 52.句意:减少上网时间,避免过多比较。根据所给汉语提示“时间”,可知此处用不可数名词time“时间”,作宾语。故填time。 53.句意:重视你已经拥有的东西,而不是你缺少的东西。根据所给汉语提示“重视、珍视”,可知此处用动词value“重视”,此处是祈使句,以动词原形开头,句首首字母大写。故填Value。 54.句意:把你真正重要的事情放在第一位。根据所给汉语提示“第一”,可知此处用序数词first“第一”,作定语修饰名词“place”。故填first。 55.句意:通过关注当下、减少社交媒体和表达感激之情,你可以克服错失恐惧症,改善你的健康和幸福。根据所给汉语提示“健康”,可知此处用不可数名词health“健康”,作宾语。故填health。 2 56.yourself 57.laziest 58.decided 59.toys 60.seriously 61.of 62.asked 63.to do 64.What 65.so 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者的母亲通过“懒惰”的方式培养作者独立自主的能力,让作者逐渐理解母亲的良苦用心。 56.句意:但她会说:“亲爱的,你自己做吧。”此处需要反身代词表示“你自己”。故填yourself。 57.句意:我以为她是世界上最懒的母亲!根据“in the world”可知,此处用最高级laziest。故填laziest。 58.句意:有一天,我决定邀请一些朋友来我家。全文为过去时态,动词需用过去式decided。故填decided。 59.句意:我的玩具到处都是。toy为可数名词,根据“were”和“everywhere”可知用复数toys。故填toys。 60.句意:但她严肃地说:“这是你的卧室,你应该自己打扫。”修饰动词said需用副词seriously。故填seriously。 61.句意:因为我“懒惰”的母亲,我不得不自己打扫卧室。because of为固定搭配,表示“因为”。故填of。 62.句意:有时我被要求自己去看牙医。主语I与ask构成被动关系,用be asked。故填asked。 63.句意:独自做某事真的很难,但是我学到了很多。it作形式主语,真正主语为不定式to do。故填to do。 64.句意:多么伟大的母亲啊!该句的中心词为a great mother,用what引导感叹句。故填What。 65.句意:你不这么认为吗?用so代替前文观点,避免重复。故填so。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题07 时态与语态(语法知识)-2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练(浙江专用)
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