专题08 阅读理解（说明文） - 【四川省高职单招】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

【四川省高职单招】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题08 阅读理解（说明文） 1. 明确说明核心与逻辑框架：需快速锁定说明文的说明对象，理清文章 “总 — 分”“分 — 总” 或 “现象 — 结论 — 建议” 的逻辑结构。 2. 直击主旨类题型解题关键：针对主旨大意题，需避免被局部细节干扰，聚焦全文高频词、核心观点句（通常在首段、尾段或各段首句）。 3. 强化细节题精准解题技巧：说明文阅读以细节理解题为主（占比超 70%），需熟练运用 “关键词定位法”—— 通过题干中的数字、专有名词、核心动词等，快速定位原文对应段落，同时注意选项与原文的同义替换。 2024年 Having a good attitude and good manners are important both at an interview and on the job. Managers agree that a person’s attitude can be more important than their work experience. Your attitude makes a big difference. If you are excited about being at the interview and are eager to be hired for the job, the employer will probably consider you for the job. If you speak softly and look at your feet during the interview, the employer may not consider you for the job. Good manners at an interview and at your work are very important. The way you act tells a great deal to an employer. If you’re polite and kind, it says that you get along with people and you have a respect for seniority, company managers and supervisors. One of the first manners an employer will look for in the interview is punctuality. This shows whether you’ re reliable and will be to work on time. Being late for an interview could reduce your chances of being hired. When you meet the manager, smile. Then, offer a friendly greeting of “Hello” or “Hi”. Give the manager a firm handshake. Address the manager as Mr. or Ms. unless he or she asks you to call him or her by the first name. This shows that you have respect for the manager’s position. Also, look at the manager directly in the eyes, not down at your feet. During the interview, sit up straight in the chair. It shows that you’re alert and interested. Keep your hands and feet still during the interview. And, never chew gum. 26. What is the text mainly about? A. Ways to get along well with others. B. How to greet the manager of your company. C. The interviewee’s excitement and eagerness to be hired. D. The importance of attitude and manners at an interview and at work. 27. What should you do according to paragraph 3? A. Be polite and kind at an interview. B. Give the manager a firm handshake. C Tell the manager that you are respectful. D. Share your experience with the employer. 28. What does the underlined word “punctuality” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A Being reliable. B. Being excited. C. Being at work. D. Being on time. 29. Which of the following can show your respect for the manager? A. Looking down at you feet. B. Addressing him or her as Mr. or Ms. C. Speaking as softly as you can. D. Calling him or her by the first name. 30. Why should you sit up straight at an interview? A. To prove that you are polite. B. To keep your hands and feet still. C. To show you are alert and interested. D. To look at the manager directly in the eyes. 2023年 We all know that water is the source of life on Earth. No plant, insect, animal or human can live without it. A new study shows how important it is to our health and to living longer. The study is from the National Institutes of Health in the USA. Researchers found that people who drank a lot of water every day were healthier and lived longer than those who didn’t. The research team said people who drank enough water developed fewer serious health problems and age-related illnesses, like heart and lung disease. They added that adults who did not drink enough water were more likely to die at a younger age. These adults were also more likely to show signs of ageing. The researchers looked at health data from 11255 adults over a 30-year period. They examined the information of patients who had visited a hospital at least five times. The first three times were when the patients were in their 50s, and the last two times were when they were aged between 70 and 90. Dr. Natalia Dmitrieva, lead researcher of the study, said, “The results suggest that proper hydration (水合作用) may slow down ageing and lengthen a disease-free life.” She encouraged people to drink more liquids, like water and juice, and fruits and vegetables with a high water content. She added that half of people worldwide do not drink enough. Normally, an adult needs to drink at least 1.5 liters of water every day. 26. What is the finding of the study from the National Institutes of Health? A. Too much water will cause age-related illnesses. B. Fruits can provide people with all the water they need. C. There is nothing more important than water to human beings. D. Drinking enough water helps us lead a healthier and longer life. 27. If grown-ups don’t drink enough water, they ________. A. may grow old more quickly B. might visit a hospital five times C. can lengthen a disease-free life D. will surely suffer from lung cancer 28. According to the lead researcher of the study, ________. A. only juice can take the place of water B. 50% of people don’t drink enough water C. vegetables contain more liquid than fruits D. we should drink as much liquid as possible 29. Dr. Natalia Dmitrieva advised people to ________. A. slow down ageing B. look at their health data C. take in more water D. take a physical examination 30. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. News. B. Art. C. Culture. D. Health. 2022年 During a job interview, it’s usual for the interviewers to ask about your weak points. For example, they might say “Tell me your three weakest points.” or “What weak points do you think you have as a worker?”. They want to see how you react, test how honest you are, and check if you have the ability to be true to yourself. Avoid giving such answers as “I’m too organized”, “I work too much”, or “I’m too much of a perfectionist”. If they ask you about your weak points, answer honestly. Try not to turn them around and present them as strengths. If you do, the interviewers may think you’re not telling the truth and are hiding your weak points. Nobody’s perfect. We all have flaws, areas in which we could improve. Try to answer the questions that the interviewers ask you instead of saying what you want them to hear. Respond wisely. It means thinking before speaking. Don’t rush when you talk about your weak points. Think for a little while before you share your observations (观察) and considerations. When you talk about your weak points, briefly explain when they tend to happen and what you’ re doing to improve them. This isn’t an easy task because your weak points often form a pattern of behavior that’s developed over time. Therefore, it also takes time to realize this and change it. But, you can show that you have realized these weak points and that you are trying to improve them. 26. Why do the interviewers often ask about your weak points? A. To test your ability. B. To check your honesty. C. To show their care. D. To express their eagerness. 27. What should you avoid when answering questions about your weak points? A. Thinking before speaking. B. Answering in an honest way. C. Explaining when you have them. D. Describing them as strong points. 28. What does the underlined word “flaws” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Weaknesses. B. Failures. C. Difficulties. D. Worries. 29. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To tell how to improve weak points. B. To explain how to manage your time. C. To offer some advice for an interview. D. To discuss some skills to ask questions. 30. Where is the text most likely from? A A diary. B. A novel. C. A dictionary. D. A magazine. 2021年 To reduce pain, take 2 tablets with water, followed by 1 tablet every 8 hours, as required. Do not take more than 6 tablets in a 24-hour period. Take after meals. For children 6 to 12 years old, give half the adult dosage (剂量). For children under 6, ask and follow your doctor’s advice. Reduce the dosage if fever, sleeplessness, or restlessness happens. Ask your doctor for advice before taking the tablets if you are pregnant (怀孕的), nursing (母乳喂养的). Tablets should not be given to people with heart problems, high blood pressure. If you don’t get better in 3 days, stop using it and ask your doctor for advice. Keep bottle tightly closed. Avoid direct sunshine. Store in a cool, dry place, out of the reach of children. 21. Where are you most likely to read the passage? A. In a doctor’s notebook. B. In a medical dictionary. C. On a blackboard. D. On a medicine bottle. 22. How many tablets can an adult take in 24 hours at most? A. 2. B. 3. C. 6. D. 8. 23. What can be inferred from the passage? A. In most cases, no doctor’s permission is needed to take the medicine. B. Children under 12 should take the same dosage. C. The medicine should be used on the skin. D. The medicine must be put in a fridge. 24. This medicine is good for someone ______. A. who is having a baby B. who has a toothache C. who is nursing a baby D. who has blood problems 25. If the medicine doesn’t work after 3 days, you should ______. A. increase the dosage B. use the medicine before meals C. go to see a doctor D. take 1 tablet every 12 hours ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【四川省高职单招】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题08 阅读理解（说明文） 1. 明确说明核心与逻辑框架：需快速锁定说明文的说明对象，理清文章 “总 — 分”“分 — 总” 或 “现象 — 结论 — 建议” 的逻辑结构。 2. 直击主旨类题型解题关键：针对主旨大意题，需避免被局部细节干扰，聚焦全文高频词、核心观点句（通常在首段、尾段或各段首句）。 3. 强化细节题精准解题技巧：说明文阅读以细节理解题为主（占比超 70%），需熟练运用 “关键词定位法”—— 通过题干中的数字、专有名词、核心动词等，快速定位原文对应段落，同时注意选项与原文的同义替换。 2024年 Having a good attitude and good manners are important both at an interview and on the job. Managers agree that a person’s attitude can be more important than their work experience. Your attitude makes a big difference. If you are excited about being at the interview and are eager to be hired for the job, the employer will probably consider you for the job. If you speak softly and look at your feet during the interview, the employer may not consider you for the job. Good manners at an interview and at your work are very important. The way you act tells a great deal to an employer. If you’re polite and kind, it says that you get along with people and you have a respect for seniority, company managers and supervisors. One of the first manners an employer will look for in the interview is punctuality. This shows whether you’ re reliable and will be to work on time. Being late for an interview could reduce your chances of being hired. When you meet the manager, smile. Then, offer a friendly greeting of “Hello” or “Hi”. Give the manager a firm handshake. Address the manager as Mr. or Ms. unless he or she asks you to call him or her by the first name. This shows that you have respect for the manager’s position. Also, look at the manager directly in the eyes, not down at your feet. During the interview, sit up straight in the chair. It shows that you’re alert and interested. Keep your hands and feet still during the interview. And, never chew gum. 26. What is the text mainly about? A. Ways to get along well with others. B. How to greet the manager of your company. C. The interviewee’s excitement and eagerness to be hired. D. The importance of attitude and manners at an interview and at work. 27. What should you do according to paragraph 3? A. Be polite and kind at an interview. B. Give the manager a firm handshake. C Tell the manager that you are respectful. D. Share your experience with the employer. 28. What does the underlined word “punctuality” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A Being reliable. B. Being excited. C. Being at work. D. Being on time. 29. Which of the following can show your respect for the manager? A. Looking down at you feet. B. Addressing him or her as Mr. or Ms. C. Speaking as softly as you can. D. Calling him or her by the first name. 30. Why should you sit up straight at an interview? A. To prove that you are polite. B. To keep your hands and feet still. C. To show you are alert and interested. D. To look at the manager directly in the eyes. 【答案】26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在面试和工作中，良好的态度和举止的重要性，并介绍了在面试过程中一些具体的态度和举止要求。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Having a good attitude and good manners are important both at an interview and on the job. Managers agree that a person’s attitude can be more important than their work experience. Your attitude makes a big difference. (在面试和工作中，拥有良好的态度和礼貌非常重要。管理者们一致认为一个人的态度可能比他们的工作经验更重要。你的态度会产生很大的影响。)” 以及后文围绕面试和工作中的态度与举止展开的论述可知，本文主要讲的是在面试和工作中态度和举止的重要性。故选D。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“If you’re polite and kind, it says that you get along with people and you have a respect for seniority, company managers and supervisors. (如果你有礼貌且友善，这表明你能与人相处融洽，并且尊重上级、公司经理和主管)”可知，在面试中应该礼貌友善。故选A。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“One of the first manners an employer will look for in the interview is punctuality. This shows whether you’ re reliable and will be to work on time. Being late for an interview could reduce your chances of being hired. (雇主在面试中首先会看的是……。这表明你是否可靠并且会准时上班。面试迟到可能会降低你被录用的机会。)”可推测，能准时上班意味着是守时的，“punctuality”意思是“按时，准时”，与“Being on time (准时)”意思相近。故选D。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Address the manager as Mr. or Ms. unless he or she asks you to call him or her by the first name. This shows that you have respect for the manager’s position. (除非经理要求你直呼其名，否则应称呼他为先生或女士。这表示你对经理职位的尊重。)” 可知，称呼经理为先生或女士可以显示你对经理的尊重。故选B。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“During the interview, sit up straight in the chair. It shows that you’re alert and interested. (面试时，在椅子上坐直。这表明你很机敏并且有兴趣。)”可知，在面试中坐直是为了表明你很机敏并且有兴趣。故选C。 2023年 We all know that water is the source of life on Earth. No plant, insect, animal or human can live without it. A new study shows how important it is to our health and to living longer. The study is from the National Institutes of Health in the USA. Researchers found that people who drank a lot of water every day were healthier and lived longer than those who didn’t. The research team said people who drank enough water developed fewer serious health problems and age-related illnesses, like heart and lung disease. They added that adults who did not drink enough water were more likely to die at a younger age. These adults were also more likely to show signs of ageing. The researchers looked at health data from 11255 adults over a 30-year period. They examined the information of patients who had visited a hospital at least five times. The first three times were when the patients were in their 50s, and the last two times were when they were aged between 70 and 90. Dr. Natalia Dmitrieva, lead researcher of the study, said, “The results suggest that proper hydration (水合作用) may slow down ageing and lengthen a disease-free life.” She encouraged people to drink more liquids, like water and juice, and fruits and vegetables with a high water content. She added that half of people worldwide do not drink enough. Normally, an adult needs to drink at least 1.5 liters of water every day. 26. What is the finding of the study from the National Institutes of Health? A. Too much water will cause age-related illnesses. B. Fruits can provide people with all the water they need. C. There is nothing more important than water to human beings. D. Drinking enough water helps us lead a healthier and longer life. 27. If grown-ups don’t drink enough water, they ________. A. may grow old more quickly B. might visit a hospital five times C. can lengthen a disease-free life D. will surely suffer from lung cancer 28. According to the lead researcher of the study, ________. A. only juice can take the place of water B. 50% of people don’t drink enough water C. vegetables contain more liquid than fruits D. we should drink as much liquid as possible 29. Dr. Natalia Dmitrieva advised people to ________. A. slow down ageing B. look at their health data C. take in more water D. take a physical examination 30. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. News. B. Art. C. Culture. D. Health. 【答案】26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了水对人健康的重要作用。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers found that people who drank a lot of water every day were healthier and lived longer than those who didn’t. (研究人员发现，每天喝大量水的人比不喝水的人更健康，寿命更长。)”可知，来自美国国立卫生研究院的发现是，每天喝足量水的人更健康更长寿。故选D。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“These adults were also more likely to show signs of ageing. (这些成年人也更有可能表现出衰老的迹象。)”可知，没有喝足够水的成年人，可能衰老得更快。故选A。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“She added that half of people worldwide do not drink enough. (她补充说，世界上有一半的人水喝得不够。)”可知，有50%的人没有喝足够的水。故选B。 【29题详解】 根据第二段“She encouraged people to drink more liquids (她鼓励人们多喝液体)”可知，Dr. Natalia Dmitrieva 建议人们要多喝液体（如水）。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了水对人健康的重要作用。可以在报纸的健康版块看到。故选D。 2022年 During a job interview, it’s usual for the interviewers to ask about your weak points. For example, they might say “Tell me your three weakest points.” or “What weak points do you think you have as a worker?”. They want to see how you react, test how honest you are, and check if you have the ability to be true to yourself. Avoid giving such answers as “I’m too organized”, “I work too much”, or “I’m too much of a perfectionist”. If they ask you about your weak points, answer honestly. Try not to turn them around and present them as strengths. If you do, the interviewers may think you’re not telling the truth and are hiding your weak points. Nobody’s perfect. We all have flaws, areas in which we could improve. Try to answer the questions that the interviewers ask you instead of saying what you want them to hear. Respond wisely. It means thinking before speaking. Don’t rush when you talk about your weak points. Think for a little while before you share your observations (观察) and considerations. When you talk about your weak points, briefly explain when they tend to happen and what you’ re doing to improve them. This isn’t an easy task because your weak points often form a pattern of behavior that’s developed over time. Therefore, it also takes time to realize this and change it. But, you can show that you have realized these weak points and that you are trying to improve them. 26. Why do the interviewers often ask about your weak points? A. To test your ability. B. To check your honesty. C. To show their care. D. To express their eagerness. 27. What should you avoid when answering questions about your weak points? A. Thinking before speaking. B. Answering in an honest way. C. Explaining when you have them. D. Describing them as strong points. 28. What does the underlined word “flaws” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Weaknesses. B. Failures. C. Difficulties. D. Worries. 29. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To tell how to improve weak points. B. To explain how to manage your time. C. To offer some advice for an interview. D. To discuss some skills to ask questions. 30. Where is the text most likely from? A A diary. B. A novel. C. A dictionary. D. A magazine. 【答案】26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。说明了在工作面试场景下应对面试官询问弱点这一问题的相关建议和注意事项。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“They want to see how you react, test how honest you are, and check if you have the ability to be true to yourself. (他们想看看你的反应，测试你的诚实程度，并检查你是否有能力忠于自己。)”可知，面试官询问弱点是想看看求职者如何反应，测试其是否诚实以及是否有正视自己的能力。故选B。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“If they ask you about your weak points, answer honestly. Try not to turn them around and present them as strengths. (如果他们问你的弱点，请诚实回答。尽量不要扭转它们并将它们呈现为优势。)”可知，在回答关于弱点的问题时，要避免把弱点说成优点。故选D。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Nobody’s perfect. We all have flaws , areas in which we could improve. (没有人是完美的。我们都有缺点，都有需要改进的地方。)”可知，没人是完美的，我们都有可以改进的地方，这里的“flaws”和前文提到的“weak points”意思相近，都表示弱点、不足之处。故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章整体围绕工作面试中面试官询问弱点这一情况，给求职者提供了如何应对的相关建议，像要诚实回答、明智回应、解释改进措施等，所以目的是为面试提供一些建议。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。这篇文章是关于面试建议的说明文，通常会出现在一些给求职者提供指导的杂志之类的刊物上。故选D。 2021年 To reduce pain, take 2 tablets with water, followed by 1 tablet every 8 hours, as required. Do not take more than 6 tablets in a 24-hour period. Take after meals. For children 6 to 12 years old, give half the adult dosage (剂量). For children under 6, ask and follow your doctor’s advice. Reduce the dosage if fever, sleeplessness, or restlessness happens. Ask your doctor for advice before taking the tablets if you are pregnant (怀孕的), nursing (母乳喂养的). Tablets should not be given to people with heart problems, high blood pressure. If you don’t get better in 3 days, stop using it and ask your doctor for advice. Keep bottle tightly closed. Avoid direct sunshine. Store in a cool, dry place, out of the reach of children. 21. Where are you most likely to read the passage? A. In a doctor’s notebook. B. In a medical dictionary. C. On a blackboard. D. On a medicine bottle. 22. How many tablets can an adult take in 24 hours at most? A. 2. B. 3. C. 6. D. 8. 23. What can be inferred from the passage? A. In most cases, no doctor’s permission is needed to take the medicine. B. Children under 12 should take the same dosage. C. The medicine should be used on the skin. D. The medicine must be put in a fridge. 24. This medicine is good for someone ______. A. who is having a baby B. who has a toothache C. who is nursing a baby D. who has blood problems 25. If the medicine doesn’t work after 3 days, you should ______. A. increase the dosage B. use the medicine before meals C. go to see a doctor D. take 1 tablet every 12 hours 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，讲解了这种药品的使用说明及注意事项。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章整体内容可知，这是药物的使用说明，故最有可能出现的地方是在药瓶上。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Do not take more than 6 tablets in a 24-hour period. (24小时内不要服用超过6片。)”可知，成年人24小时内最多可服用6片。故选C。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Ask your doctor for advice before taking the tablets if you are pregnant, nursing. (如果您正在怀孕，哺乳，请在服用药片之前咨询您的医生)”可知，除了在怀孕和哺乳之外，在其他大多数情况下，服用这种药不需要医生的许可。故选A。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“To reduce pain…(为了减轻疼痛……)”可知，这个药物用来止痛，牙痛可以吃这个药。故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第七段“If you don’t get better in 3 days, stop using it and ask your doctor for advice. (如果你在3天内没有好转，停止使用并向你的医生咨询。)”可知，三天内没有好转，应该去看看医生。故选C。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $