Unit 9 Grammar 定语从句课件 2025-2026学年人教版（2012）英语九年级全册

学会分析句子成分 学会定语从句的关键 主语 宾语 定语 状语 主语 一句话中,行为的主导着,即该句话中,动作的执行者。常放于句首。 宾语 定语 状语 主语行为的对象,即动作的承受者,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。 用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。 指动作所发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等,即时间/地点/原因/方式状语。 The teacher with glasses taught English in that school last term. 主语 定语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 The underlined (划线) parts above work as_ A . 宾语 B.定语 C.主语 D.状语 B read and find out the answer lovely girl apple tree two pens people all over the world the ability to learn a new TV program called Monkey Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. 用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的,叫定语。 定语主要有形容词,此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(现在分词/过去分词)、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以做定语。 汉语中常用“…的”表示。 定语 lovely girl apple tree two pens people all over the world the ability to learn a new TV program called Monkey Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. (形容词作定语) (名词作定语) (数词作定语) (介词短语作定语) (动词不定式作定语) (过去分词作定语) (句子作定语) 由一个句子作定语,这个句子叫_ 定语从句 定语从句 主句 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。(P152) I love funny movies. I love movies (that are funny). 主s 主s 谓v 谓v 定语(句子) 宾o 简单句 复合句 定语从句 主 系 表 主句 宾o 定语 lovely girl apple tree two pens people all over the world the ability to learn a new TV program called Monkey Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. (形容词作定语) (名词作定语) (数词作定语) (介词短语作定语) (动词不定式作定语) (过去分词作定语) (句子作定语) 定语的位置 用在所修饰词前的叫前置定语(单词); 用在所修饰词后的叫后置定语(短语和从句); 定语从句一般放在所修饰词的_面。 后 找出定语从句 1. I suppose I’ll just listen to this new CD that I bought. 2. I like smooth music which helps me relax after a long week at work. 3. I only like movies that are funny. 4. In this case, I’ll ask someone who likes serious movies. 5. I prefer movies that give me something to think about. Groupwork 红色词和圈出的词分别叫什么?阅读P152找到答案。 I love funny movies. I love movies ( that are funny). 主s 主s 谓v 谓v 定语(句子) 宾o 简单句 复合句 定语从句 主 系 表 主句 宾o 定语 被修饰的名词或代词叫_(指人/物) 定语从句一般放在_的后面。 引导定语从句的词叫_。 先行词 先行词 关系词 _ _ _ _ 关系代词 关系副词 that, which, who, whom, whose where, when, why 关系词 关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间,其作用: 1.引导定语从句,连接主句和从句; (连接作用) 2.代替先行词; (替代作用) 3.作定语从句中的一个成分(成分作用)。 I love movies that are funny. movies 作定语从句的主语 含定语从句的主从复合句句型: 先行词+(_+_) 关系词(关代/关副) 定语从句 修饰 The man is Mr. Li. I talked to the man. 关系代词 1. who指_(人/物),作_语或_语(作_语时可省略) He is the man ((who) I saw yesterday). I love musicians (who write their own music). 2. whom指_,作_语(whom为_的宾格,常可省略) 注意:介词提前时不能省:介词+_(指人) The man ((whom) I talked to is Mr. Li). 人 主 宾 宾 I love musicians. Musicians write their own music. The man (to whom I talked is Mr. Li). 人 宾 who whom He is the man. I saw the man yesterday. who作宾语时,可用_替换 whom The man is Mr. Li. I talked to the man. 人(主语),不可省 人(宾语),可省 人(宾语),可省 人(宾语),不可省 (who) 注意:短语动词中的介词不能前置:This is the person whom you are looking for. who 与 whom (先行词指人) 2. 在定语从句中作宾语,两者可互换,且可省略。 The teacher (who/whom) Li Ming is talking to is Tom's father. 1. 在定语从句中作主语时,只用who. 3. 在定语从句中作宾语,但是介词提在从句前时,只用whom. Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. Please tell me from whom you borrowed the book. 关系代词 3. whose指_,作后面名词的_语,不可省 (whose表所属关系,是_的所有格) The book (whose cover is red) is mine. The boy (whose father is a doctor) is my friend. 人/物 定 who The boy is my friend. The boy’s/His father is a doctor. The book is mine. The book’s/Its cover is red. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿). A. who B. whose C. who’s D. which Look at the girl _name is Lucy. A. who B. that C. who’s D. whose the child’s parents the girl’s name whose是先行词的所有格 人(定语),不可省 物(定语),不可省 I prefer music. Music has great lyrics. I like music. I can dance to music. The man is Mr. Smith. The man helped me. The man is a teacher. You saw the man just now. 关系代词 4. that指_,作_语或_语(作_语时可省略) I prefer music (that has great lyrics). I like music ((that) I can dance to). 人/物 主 物(宾语),可省 宾 宾 物(主语),不可省 The man (that helped me) is Mr. Smith. 人(主语),不可省 The man ((that) you saw just now) is a teacher. 人(宾语),可省 The book is mine. The book is on the table. This is the library. I borrow books from the library. This is the library. I borrow books from the library. 关系代词 5. which指_,作_语或_语(作_语时可省略) 注意:介词提前时不能省:介词+_(指物) 物 主 宾 宾 The book (which is on the table) is mine. 物(主语),不可省 This is the library ((which) I borrow books from). 物(宾语),可省 which This is the library (from which I borrow books). 物(宾语),不可省 关系代词在定语从句中作主语或定语时,不能省略; 作宾语时,常可省略(介宾除外)。 介词+whom(指人) 介词+which(指物) 判断关系代词 在从句中担任主语还是宾语 1.I love singers who write their own songs. 2.He is the man who I met yesterday. 3.I like music that I can dance to. 4.I prefer a sandwich that is really delicious. 5. The room which I live in is very big. 主语 宾语 宾语 主语 宾语 6. I like smooth music which helps me relax after a long week at work. 7. I only like movies that are funny. 8. In this case, I’ll ask someone who likes serious movies. 9. I prefer movies which give me something to think about. 10. The girl whose eyes are blue is Lucy. 主语 主语 主语 主语 定语 1. that既可指人,又可指物,指人时可与_(作主/宾时)/_(作宾时)互换;指物时可与_互换(作主/宾时) who whom which 先行词指人,作主语,用_/_,_省略; 先行词指物,作主语,用_/_,_省略; 先行词指人,作宾语,用_/_/_,_省略; 先行词指物,作宾语,用_/_,_省略; 先行词指人或物,作定语,用_,_省略; who that 不能 which that 不能 who whom 可以 that which that 可以 whose 不能 1) A plane is a machine _ can fly. 2) The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen. 3) The students _ don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 4) The woman _you saw in the park is our English teacher. which/that which/that/ / / who/that who/whom/that/ / / Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空 The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful. who / that which/ that who / that which / that 1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music. who/that 3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player. 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her. which/that/// whose 4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old. 5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother. which/that whom 6. Kevin is reading a book _is too difficult for him. which/that 2.关系代词在从句中作主语或定语时,_(可/不可)省略;作宾语时常可_(介词放在关系代词前面时,介词宾语只能用_(指人)/_(指物),且关系代词不能省略) 介词在定语从句末尾时,正常使用关系代词,且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。 即:介词+whom(指人) 介词+which(指物) (此时作介词宾语的whom/which不能省略) 不可 省略 whom which This is the hero (whom/that) we are proud of. This is the hero of _ we are proud. The room (that/which) I live in is very big. The room in _ I live is very big. whom which 3. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词的单复数保持一致(定从中的主谓一致)。 I love musicians who _(play) different kinds of music. He is a musician who_(play) different kinds of music. play plays 主语-musicians 主语-a musician 先行词 决定 关系代词 从句中的谓语动词形式 用所给词的正确形式填空: 1.I prefer music that _(have) great lyrics. 2.She likes musicians that _(play) gentle songs. 3.He is a boy that _(be ) very lazy. 4.Rosa likes songs that _(be ) loud. 5. I have a friend who _ sports. (like) 6. Tom is one of the boys that _(be) from the USA. 7. Tom is the only boy that_(be) from the USA. has play is are likes are is 先行词前有the only修饰时,从句谓动用_数。 She is the only one of the girls who _(have) been to Beijing. the only one of +可复+关系代词+谓动单 当先行词的结构为one of + n.(pl.)时,从句的谓语动词必须用_数。 形式;He is one of the boys who _(have) seen the film. one of +可复+关系代词+谓动复 单 has 复 have 1 创新微课 关系代词引导的定语从句 定 语 从 句 关系 代词 所指代 (即先行词) 在定语从句中 所作句子成分 who whom that which whose 人 人 人/物 主语、宾语 宾语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语 定语 物 人/物 回 顾 总 结 2025/12/3 23 关系词判 断 步 骤 : 首先,要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系代词 可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物, 关系代词可用which或that; 然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表 先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人 who,that who(m),that whose 物 which,that which,that whose, of which 关系词的选择: 关系代词 指代 定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 主语 宾语 表语 who whom which that 关系词的选择: I like music. I can dance to music. 合并为一个句子 I like 如何 二选:关系词 一找:先行词(两句中相同的名词) 三合并(从句部分去掉和先行词相同的名词) music which/that I can dance to. 1、确定先行词 2、选择关系词 3、从句部分去掉与先行词相同的名词 rewriting 1. I like music. The music is loud and exciting. _. 2. She loves movies. The movies are romantic. _. 3. Tony likes music. He can dance to the music. _. 4. I prefer my teacher. She teaches us English. _. 5. Do you know the girl? Her father is a doctor. _. I like music that/which is loud and exciting. She loves movies that/which are romantic. Tony likes music (that/which) he can dance to. I prefer my teacher who/that teaches us English. Do you know the girl whose father is a doctor? 把两个简单句合成定语从句 1)I like music. I can dance to it. I like music _. 2) She loves songs . They are gentle. She loves songs _. 3) Who’s the man ? He is reading over there. Who’s the man _? 4) Do you remember the man ? I met him on the street yesterday. Do you remember the man _? 5)The girl is my cousin. She is waiting for the bus . The girl _. which/that I can dance to which/that are gentle that is reading over there who/whom/that I met on the street yesterday who/that is waiting for the bus is my cousin 1.当先行词是something, anything, everything, nothing, none, all, few, little等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。 如: 1)Have you taken down everything _ Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来吗? 2) All _ can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。 3) There is little _I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。 that that that that和which指物时通常情况下都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 只用that, 不用which(作宾语时可省略that) 只能用that不用which的情况 2.当先行词前面有every, some, any, all, no, little, few, much等修饰时。 如: 1) I‘ve written down all the things _ the teacher doesn’t allow us to do. 2) Please send us any information _ you have about the subject. that that 只能用that不用which的情况 3.当先行词被the only, the last, the very(恰好/正好), the same等修饰时。 1)This is the very dictionary _ I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 2)After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing _ he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后,那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。 3) This is the same bike _ I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 that that that 只能用that不用which的情况 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 如: The first place _ they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 5. 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词的最高级修饰时。 This is the best film_ I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 that that 只能用that不用which的情况 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 1)They talked about the persons and things _ they remembered at school. 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。 2)Look at the man and his donkey _ are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。 7. 当主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时。 1)Who is the man_ is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁? 2)Which is the T-shirt _ fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身? that that that that 注意:!!介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。 Is this the library you borrow books? from that from which 只能用that不用which的情况 注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代who, 1)Any man _ has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 2)All the guests_ were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。 that / who that / who 当先行词被the very, the only , the last修饰时。 注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。 Wang Hua is the only person in our school _ will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。 who Learn to use 1. One of the most delicious drinks_I like is orange juice. A which B that C whose D whom 2.I still remember the college and the teachers _I visited in London years ago. A what B who C that D which 先行词被最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物。 B C 3. He is the very boy_I’m looking for. A that B.which C who D what 4. He told me everything _he knew. A which B that C what D who 先行词前有the very修饰 先行词是不定代词 A B 5. Is this the town in_Lu Xun was born? A that B which C who D where 关系代词前有介词in 6. Which is the book _you put in the car? A that B which C when D whose 主句是which开头的疑问句 B A 1.He did all / everything _he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school. 4.He is the only man _ can do the work. that that that that 1 5.This is the first thing _ I want to say. 6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with. 7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate. 8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth. that that that that 9. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town. that that 10.All _ we can do is to study hard. 11. The first one _ stands up is a little boy. that 2025/12/3 37 只能用which 不用that的情况: 1. 关系代词前有介词时(关系代词作介词宾语),只能用which(先行词为物)。 This is the room in _he lives. 2. 先行词本身为that/those(指物)时,只能用which。What’s that _ is under the desk? 3. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(非限制性定语从句的关代/副与先行词之间用,隔开)。 She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world. which which 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用; 非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,与主句往往用逗号隔开,相当于并列句、状语从句等。 1. He has two sons, who work in the same factory.(=and they work in the same factory.) (He has only two sons.) 2. He has two sons who work in the same factory. (Perhaps he has more than wo sons.) 介词+which(指物) 1).先行词是指人的不定代词或指示代词时,如one/ones, anyone(anybody), no one, all, somebody(someone), none, those/these等 We should help those _ are in trouble. A friend is someone _ can always help you. 2).先行词为人称代词时。 He _ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 3).there be句型中,先行词指人时,用who There is an old man _ wants to see you. There are many young men _ are against him. who/that指人时,可以通用, 但下列宜用 who, 不用that who who who who who I'll shoot anyone _moves. A. which B. when C. where D. who 先行词是anyone, someone, those时,关系词用who不用that. D There is an old man _ wants to see you. A. who B. that C. which 在there be 句型中,先行词指人,关系代词用who A $